Low dam water taking automatic sand discharge system and construction method

Abstract

The application provides a low dam water intake automatic sand discharge system and a construction method. The low dam water intake automatic sand discharge system comprises a water retaining weir close to an upstream and a low dam close to a downstream. Three retaining walls are vertically arranged close to one side of the water retaining weir. Water inlet chambers and sand discharge chambers are formed between two adjacent retaining walls. The water inlet chambers and the sand discharge chambers are both water inlets close to one side of the water retaining weir. The side wall of the water inlet chamber is provided with a water intake. The water inlet of the water inlet chamber is provided with an inclined plate sedimentation assembly. The bottom of the sand discharge chamber is provided with a sand flushing pipe. One end of the sand flushing pipe extends through the water retaining weir to the side of the water retaining weir close to the upstream. The sand flushing pipe is connected with a sand flushing branch pipe. The water outlet of the sand flushing branch pipe extends into the sand discharge chamber to impact the sand and stones in the sand discharge chamber so that the sand and stones in the sand discharge chamber flow into the downstream along with the water flow. The application realizes automatic sand flushing by water power without external energy. The water intake of the water inlet chamber can continuously operate to avoid shutdown caused by manual cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban municipal water supply technology, specifically to an automatic sand removal system for low dam water intake and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Mountain streams and rivers in mountainous areas are characterized by narrow valleys, steep riverbed gradients, and abundant hydropower resources. However, the high sediment load hinders comprehensive water resource utilization. To address the issue of sediment control during water diversion, conventional water intake systems employ different layouts and sediment control measures based on varying topographical, geological, and hydrological characteristics. These include artificial bend-type intake systems, bottom-barrier intake systems, silt-blocking dam intake systems, and dual-bank intake systems. Conventional intake systems typically include silt-removal sills, sedimentation troughs, and flushing gates. Sediment is manually removed from sedimentation basins or troughs or flushed with high-pressure water jets. Sediment is flushed before the flushing gates are opened. Both methods require manual operation and inspection, which is extremely inconvenient for some small mountain intake systems located far from densely populated areas. Furthermore, when the raw water from conventional intake systems has a high sediment content, some sediment may still enter downstream water transmission pipelines, hindering their normal operation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an automatic sand removal system and construction method for low dam water intake.

[0004] This invention provides an automatic sediment flushing system for low dam water intake, comprising a weir near the upstream and a low dam near the downstream. Three retaining walls are vertically installed on the side of the low dam near the weir. An intake chamber and a sediment flushing chamber are formed between adjacent retaining walls. The middle retaining wall is slightly higher than the other two to prevent water from the sediment flushing chamber from entering the intake chamber through the partition wall. Both the intake chamber and the sediment flushing chamber have inlets near the weir. A water intake port is provided on the side wall of the intake chamber. An inclined plate sedimentation assembly is installed at the inlet of the intake chamber to prevent sand and gravel from entering the intake chamber. A flushing pipe is installed at the bottom of the sediment flushing chamber. One end of the flushing pipe passes through the weir and extends to the upstream side of the weir. A flushing branch pipe is connected to the flushing pipe, and the outlet of the flushing branch pipe extends into the sediment flushing chamber to impact the sand and gravel in the sediment flushing chamber, causing the sand and gravel in the sediment flushing chamber to flow with the water across the low dam and into the downstream area.

[0005] The water inlet chamber of this invention is equipped with an inclined plate sedimentation assembly to prevent sand and gravel from entering the water inlet chamber. By setting up a sand flushing pipe and sand flushing branch pipe, the sand and gravel in the sand discharge chamber are impacted by the upstream water, so that the sand and gravel are in a suspended state and can be carried over the low dam by the water flow. This realizes automatic hydraulic sand flushing without the need for external energy, avoids frequent manual inspection and operation, and the water intake of the water inlet chamber can operate continuously, avoiding the shutdown of the water intake caused by manual cleaning.

[0006] Furthermore, the inclined plate sedimentation assembly includes multiple parallel and spaced inclined plates, which are inclined toward the interior of the water inlet chamber. The left and right ends of the multiple inclined plates are sealed to the interior wall of the water inlet chamber. The top of the outermost inclined plate is flush with the top of the water inlet chamber, and the bottom of the innermost inclined plate is sealed to the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber.

[0007] The inclined plate of this invention can prevent water carrying sand and gravel from entering the water inlet chamber from the top, left and right ends and bottom of the inclined plate. This allows water to enter the water inlet chamber only through the gaps between multiple inclined plates. Some sand and gravel will settle on the inclined plates during the migration between the inclined plates and then slide to the bottom of the inclined plates. They will then migrate with the upstream water flow to the sand discharge chamber, thereby preventing sand and gravel from entering the water inlet chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the water inlet chamber is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the sand discharge chamber.

[0009] The elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the water in the inlet chamber of the present invention is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the sand discharge chamber, which can reduce the amount of sand and gravel accumulated in front of the inclined plate and between the inclined plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the elevation of the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber gradually decreases from the water inlet of the water inlet chamber inwards.

[0011] This invention improves the water storage capacity of the inlet chamber by increasing the depth of the inlet chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, two bank slopes are provided between the water inlet chamber and the weir, and the toe of the bank slopes corresponds to the sand discharge chamber.

[0013] This invention modifies the bank slope so that the toe of the slope corresponds to the sand discharge chamber. The bank slope can guide the water flow toward the sand discharge chamber, so that sand and gravel enter the sand discharge chamber with the water, thereby reducing the amount of sand and gravel entering the water intake chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the toe of the slope extends from the weir slope towards the low dam.

[0015] In this invention, the slope toe of the bank slopes from the water-retaining weir towards the low dam. The gravitational potential energy of the water in the flushing pipe is converted into kinetic energy and flushed out from the flushing branch pipe, so that the sand and gravel in the flushing chamber are in a suspended state.

[0016] Furthermore, the flushing pipe is buried below the toe of the bank slope and encased in concrete.

[0017] The sand flushing pipe of this invention is wrapped with concrete, which helps to protect the sand flushing pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, a filter grid is installed at one end of the flushing pipe that passes through the water-retaining weir.

[0019] The filter grid of this invention is used to filter larger impurities and prevent the sand flushing pipe from being blocked.

[0020] Furthermore, the other end of the flushing pipe extends through the low dam to the downstream side of the low dam and is equipped with a flushing gate valve.

[0021] This invention provides a sand flushing gate valve, which can be opened to flush sand when the sand flushing pipe is blocked.

[0022] Secondly, the present invention provides a construction method for an automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake, comprising:

[0023] S1. Pour the low dam and three retaining walls, and reserve holes for installing the sand flushing pipe when pouring the low dam; install the water outlet pipe on the side wall of the water inlet chamber, and install the water outlet gate valve on the water outlet pipe; the bottom elevation of the water inlet of the water inlet chamber is higher than the bottom elevation of the water inlet of the sand discharge chamber; the elevation of the bottom plate inside the water inlet chamber is lower than the elevation of the bottom plate inside the sand discharge chamber.

[0024] S2. Construct the water-retaining weir, and reserve holes for installing sand flushing pipes when constructing the water-retaining weir;

[0025] S3. Install flushing pipes. Bury the flushing pipes below the toe of the bank slope and at the bottom of the flushing chamber. When the flushing pipes are located below the bank slope, enclose them with concrete. Install flushing branch pipes on the part of the flushing pipes near the low dam. Install a flushing gate valve on the end of the flushing pipes that extends out of the low dam. Install a filter screen on the end of the flushing pipes that extends out of the weir.

[0026] S4. Repair the bank slope between the weir and the intake chamber so that the toe of the bank slope corresponds to the sand discharge chamber;

[0027] S5. Install multiple inclined plates parallel to the water inlet of the water inlet chamber. The left and right ends of the inclined plates are sealed to the inner wall of the water inlet chamber. The top of the outermost inclined plate is flush with the top of the water inlet chamber, and the bottom of the innermost inclined plate is sealed to the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view in the middle;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB cross-section view in the middle;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 CC cross-section view in the middle;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1 DD cross-section view in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 1 EE cross-section diagram.

[0034] Attached reference numerals: 1. Inlet chamber; 2. Sand discharge chamber; 3. Bank slope; 4. Low dam; 5. Weir; 6. Sand flushing pipe; 7. Outlet pipe; 8. Outlet pipe gate valve; 9. Inclined plate; 10. Filter screen; 11. Sand flushing branch pipe; 12. Sand flushing gate valve. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an automatic sediment discharge system for low dam water intake, including a weir 5 near the upstream and a low dam 4 near the downstream. Three retaining walls are vertically installed on the side of the low dam 4 near the weir 5. An inlet chamber 1 and a sediment discharge chamber 2 are formed between adjacent retaining walls. Both inlet chamber 1 and sediment discharge chamber 2 have inlets on the side near the weir 5. A water intake is provided on the side wall of inlet chamber 1, and an outlet pipe 7 is connected to the water intake. An outlet gate valve 8 is installed on the outlet pipe 7. Figure 4 As shown, among the three retaining walls, the middle retaining wall is slightly higher than the other two retaining walls to prevent water from the sand flushing chamber from entering the water inlet chamber through the partition wall.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, a flushing pipe 6 is installed at the bottom of the sand discharge chamber 2. One end of the flushing pipe 6 passes through the water-retaining weir 5 and extends to the upstream side of the water-retaining weir 5, where a filter grid 10 is installed. The filter grid 10 is used to filter larger impurities and prevent the flushing pipe from being blocked. The other end of the flushing pipe 6 passes through the low dam 4 and extends to the downstream side of the low dam 4, where a flushing gate valve 12 is installed. A vertically arranged flushing branch pipe 11 is connected to the flushing pipe 6. The flushing branch pipe 11 is located in the sand discharge chamber 2 near the low dam 4. The flushing branch pipe 11 and the flushing pipe 6 are detachably connected by threads. Multiple small holes are opened on the pipe wall of the flushing branch pipe 11. The outlet of the flushing branch pipe 11 extends into the sand discharge chamber 2 to impact the sand and gravel in the sand discharge chamber 2, so that the sand and gravel in the sand discharge chamber 2 are carried by the water flow over the low dam 4 and enter the downstream.

[0038] The inlet of water in chamber 1 is equipped with an inclined plate sedimentation assembly. This assembly is used to prevent sand and gravel from entering water in chamber 1. Figure 2As shown, the inclined plate sedimentation assembly includes multiple parallel and spaced inclined plates 9. The inclined plates 9 are inclined towards the inside of the water inlet chamber 1. The left and right ends of the multiple inclined plates 9 (i.e., the two ends perpendicular to the direction of the retaining wall) are sealed to the inner wall of the water inlet chamber 1. The top of the outermost inclined plate 9 is flush with the top of the water inlet chamber 1, and the bottom of the innermost inclined plate 9 is sealed to the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber 1. This allows water to enter the water inlet chamber 1 only through the gaps between the multiple inclined plates 9. Some sand and gravel will settle on the inclined plates 9 during the migration between the inclined plates 9, and then slide to the bottom of the inclined plates 9, and migrate to the sand discharge chamber 2 with the upstream water flow, thereby preventing sand and gravel from entering the water inlet chamber 1.

[0039] like Figure 2 , 6 As shown, the elevation of the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber 1 gradually decreases from the water inlet of the water inlet chamber 1 inward, which improves the water storage capacity of the water inlet chamber 1.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the water inlet chamber 1 is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the sand discharge chamber 2, which can reduce the amount of sand and gravel accumulated between the inclined plate 9 and the inclined plate 9, and prevent sand and gravel blockage.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, there are two bank slopes 3 between the intake chamber 1 and the weir 5. By modifying the bank slopes 3, the toe of the slopes 3 extends to the sediment discharge chamber 2, meaning that the toes of both bank slopes 3 are located at... Figure 4 The two retaining walls of the central sand-discharging chamber 2 are located between the planes. The sand-flushing pipe 6 is buried below the toe of the bank slope 3 and encased in concrete.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the arrow points to the direction of water flow. By modifying the bank slope 3, the bank slope 3 can guide the water flow towards the sand discharge chamber 2, so that most of the sand and gravel enter the sand discharge chamber 2 with the water, thereby reducing the amount of sand and gravel entering the water intake chamber 1.

[0043] The construction method for the automatic sediment flushing system for low dam water intake includes:

[0044] S1. Pour the low dam 4 and three retaining walls. When pouring the low dam 4, reserve holes for installing the sand flushing pipe 6. Install the water outlet pipe 7 on the side wall of the water inlet chamber 1. Install the water outlet pipe gate valve 8 on the water outlet pipe 7. The bottom elevation of the water inlet of the water inlet chamber 1 is higher than the bottom elevation of the water inlet of the sand discharge chamber 2. The elevation of the bottom plate inside the water inlet chamber 1 is lower than the elevation of the bottom plate inside the sand discharge chamber 2.

[0045] S2. Construct the water-retaining weir 5, and reserve holes for installing the sand flushing pipe 6 when constructing the water-retaining weir 5.

[0046] S3. Install flushing pipe 6. Bury flushing pipe 6 below the toe of bank slope 3 and at the bottom of flushing chamber. When flushing pipe 6 is located below bank slope 3, enclose flushing pipe 6 with concrete. Install flushing branch pipe 11 on the part of flushing pipe 6 near low dam 4. Install flushing gate valve 12 on the end of flushing pipe 6 that extends out of low dam 4. Install filter screen 10 on the end of flushing pipe 6 that extends out of water weir 5.

[0047] S4. Repair the bank slope 3 between the water-retaining weir 5 and the water intake chamber 1 so that the toe of the bank slope 3 extends to the sand discharge chamber 2.

[0048] S5. Multiple inclined plates 9 are installed parallel to the water inlet of the water inlet chamber 1. The left and right ends of the inclined plates 9 are sealed to the inner wall of the water inlet chamber 1. The top of the outermost inclined plate 9 is flush with the top of the water inlet chamber 1. The bottom of the innermost inclined plate 9 is sealed to the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber 1.

[0049] The working principle of the automatic sediment flushing system for water intake at this low dam is as follows:

[0050] The sand-laden water flow is blocked by the weir 5, the water depth behind the weir increases, the sand flushing pipe 6 is submerged, large sand and gravel particles in the water flow are intercepted by the filter grid 10, and the water flow enters the sand flushing pipe 6 and is flushed out through the small holes on the sand flushing branch pipe 11; as the water depth behind the weir increases, the water level exceeds the weir 5, and the sand-laden water flow flows downstream along the repaired bank slope 3. Due to the high density of sand and gravel, it settles on the slope of the repaired bank slope 3 during the flow, rolls down the bank slope 3 to the bottom of the bank slope 3, and then slowly migrates into the sand discharge chamber 2 at the bottom of the bank slope 3 with the water flow;

[0051] The sand-laden water first enters the sand discharge chamber 2 under the obstruction of the inclined plate 9. As the water level rises, the water flows from bottom to top into the gap of the inclined plate 9 in the inlet chamber 1, flips over the inclined plate 9 and enters the inlet chamber 1. Some small sand particles settle on the inclined plate 9 during the migration between the inclined plates 9, and then slide down to the bottom of the inclined plate 9 and migrate to the sand discharge chamber 2 with the upstream water flow.

[0052] As the water level continued to rise, the water flowed over the low dam 4 and entered the downstream area;

[0053] When sand and gravel enter the sand discharge chamber 2, they are tumbled up and down by the impact of the high-speed water flow in the sand flushing branch pipe 11, forming a suspension. The suspension is carried by the upstream water flow over the low dam 4 and enters the downstream, thus achieving automatic sand discharge.

[0054] When the upstream water flow is small and all the water flows into the inlet pipe, the sand and gravel will continue to roll in the sand discharge chamber 2 under the action of the water flow. Some of the sand and gravel will settle to the bottom of the sand discharge chamber 2. During the high water season, the sand and gravel will be washed and suspended again, and will be carried by the water flow over the low dam 4 into the downstream.

[0055] When a large amount of fine sand and gravel passes through the inlet grille and enters the flushing pipe 6, it causes blockage of the flushing pipe 6. At this time, the gate valve of the flushing pipe 6 is opened to discharge the sand.

[0056] When fine sand and gravel clog the flushing branch pipe 11, the flushing branch pipe 11 can be manually disassembled and replaced.

[0057] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake, characterized in that: The structure includes a weir (5) near the upstream end and a low dam (4) near the downstream end. The low dam (4) has three retaining walls vertically arranged on the side near the weir (5). Between two adjacent retaining walls, an inlet chamber (1) and a sediment discharge chamber (2) are formed, respectively. Both the inlet chamber (1) and the sediment discharge chamber (2) have inlets on the side near the weir (5). The side wall of the inlet chamber (1) has a water intake. The inlet of the inlet chamber (1) is equipped with an inclined plate sedimentation assembly. The components are used to prevent sand and gravel from entering the inlet chamber (1). The bottom of the sand discharge chamber (2) is equipped with a sand flushing pipe (6). One end of the sand flushing pipe (6) passes through the water-retaining weir (5) and extends to the water-retaining weir (5) near the upstream side. A sand flushing branch pipe (11) is connected to the sand flushing pipe (6). The outlet of the sand flushing branch pipe (11) extends into the sand discharge chamber (2) to impact the sand and gravel in the sand discharge chamber (2) so that the sand and gravel in the sand discharge chamber (2) are carried by the water flow over the low dam (4) and enter the downstream. The inclined plate sedimentation assembly includes multiple parallel and spaced inclined plates (9). The inclined plates (9) are inclined towards the inside of the water inlet chamber (1). The left and right ends of the multiple inclined plates (9) are sealed to the inner wall of the water inlet chamber (1). The top of the outermost inclined plate (9) is flush with the top of the water inlet chamber (1). The bottom of the innermost inclined plate (9) is sealed to the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber (1). This allows water to enter the water inlet chamber (1) only through the gaps between the multiple inclined plates (9). Some sand and gravel will settle on the inclined plates (9) during migration between the inclined plates (9) and then slide to the bottom of the inclined plates (9) and migrate to the sand discharge chamber (2) with the upstream water flow, thereby preventing sand and gravel from entering the water inlet chamber (1). The elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the water inlet chamber (1) is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the inlet of the sand discharge chamber (2); There are two bank slopes (3) between the water inlet chamber (1) and the water retaining weir (5), and the toe of the two bank slopes (3) is located between the planes of the two retaining walls of the sand discharge chamber (2).

2. The automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elevation of the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber (1) gradually decreases from the water inlet of the water inlet chamber (1) inward.

3. The automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two bank slopes (3) are provided between the water inlet chamber (1) and the water-retaining weir (5), and the toe of the bank slope (3) extends to the sand discharge chamber (2).

4. The automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slope toe of the bank slope (3) slopes from the weir (5) toward the low dam (4).

5. The automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flushing pipe (6) is buried below the toe of the bank slope (3) and encased in concrete.

6. The automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter grid (10) is installed at one end of the flushing pipe (6) that passes through the water-retaining weir (5).

7. The automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the flushing pipe (6) extends through the low dam (4) to the downstream side of the low dam (4) and is equipped with a flushing gate valve (12).

8. A construction method for an automatic sediment removal system for low dam water intake as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: S1. Pour the low dam (4) and three retaining walls. When pouring the low dam (4), reserve holes for installing the sand flushing pipe (6); install the water outlet pipe (7) on the side wall of the water inlet chamber (1), and install the water outlet gate valve (8) on the water outlet pipe (7). The bottom elevation of the water inlet of the water inlet chamber (1) is higher than the bottom elevation of the water inlet of the sand discharge chamber (2); the elevation of the bottom plate inside the water inlet chamber (1) is lower than the elevation of the bottom plate inside the sand discharge chamber (2). S2. Cast the water-retaining weir (5). When casting the water-retaining weir (5), reserve holes for installing the sand flushing pipe (6). S3. Install flushing pipe (6). Bury flushing pipe (6) below the slope foot of bank slope (3) and at the bottom of flushing chamber. When flushing pipe (6) is located below bank slope (3), enclose flushing pipe (6) with concrete. Install flushing branch pipe (11) on the part of flushing pipe (6) near low dam (4). Install flushing gate valve (12) on the end of flushing pipe (6) extending out of low dam (4). Install filter grid (10) on the end of flushing pipe (6) extending out of water weir (5). S4. Repair the bank slope (3) between the weir (5) and the inlet chamber (1) so that the toe of the bank slope (3) and the sand discharge chamber (2) extend to the sand discharge chamber (2). S5. Install multiple inclined plates (9) in parallel at the inlet of the water inlet chamber (1). The left and right ends of the inclined plates (9) are sealed to the inner wall of the water inlet chamber (1). The top of the outermost inclined plate (9) is flush with the top of the water inlet chamber (1). The bottom of the innermost inclined plate (9) is sealed to the bottom plate of the water inlet chamber (1).

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