A suction type secondary separation jujube picking machine and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a pneumatic suction-type secondary separation jujube picking machine and method, relating to the field of agricultural machinery technology. The jujube-picking box is divided into a first separation chamber and a second separation chamber. The first separation chamber is located above the second separation chamber and is connected to it. A rotary debris separator is located at the rear end of the first separation chamber. A spiral roller, including a cylindrical grid and spiral blades inside the cylindrical grid, is located at the inlet of the second separation chamber, which connects to the first separation chamber. A jujube outlet is located below the spiral roller. A suction pipe is connected to the suction inlet. The suction pipe has a flat cylindrical oblique mouth structure, including an upper lip and a lower lip, with the upper lip curved towards the lower lip. A slag discharge channel is located at the rear of the first and second separation chambers, extending to the rear side panel of the jujube-picking box and having a slag discharge port. A fan is located at the bottom of the jujube-picking box to improve the jujube-picking and separation effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a pneumatic suction type secondary separation jujube picking machine and method. Background Technology

[0002] Jujubes are a widely cultivated and consumed fruit with high nutritional and economic value. Harvesting jujubes typically involves manual picking or mechanical shaking to collect them from the ground. Manual harvesting is inefficient and costly. Therefore, developing a highly efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly jujube-collecting machine is of great significance.

[0003] Currently, several patents for jujube harvesting machines have been published. These machines also have a picking function and generally include a frame, a suction fan, a suction pipe, a suction nozzle, a separation device, and a collection device. The suction fan is connected to the suction nozzle via the suction pipe. The suction nozzle is used to suck up jujubes from the ground. The separation device is used to separate the jujubes from debris, and the collection device is used to collect the jujubes. Although this can solve the problem of low efficiency in manual picking to some extent, there are at least two problems: First, the suction nozzle generally adopts a rotary suction structure similar to that of a sweeper, which is not effective enough in sucking up jujubes. Second, the separation device generally uses a single guide plate and guide wheels in the separation chamber for single separation, which is not ideal and can easily cause too much debris to be mixed into the jujubes, affecting their quality and value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a pneumatic suction type secondary separation jujube picking machine and method, which facilitates the improvement of jujube suction and separation effects.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This application provides a pneumatic jujube picking machine, including: a frame, a rear axle connected to the bottom of the frame, and wheels at both ends of the rear axle;

[0007] A first power assembly and a date suction box are provided on the frame. The date suction box has an internal cavity, which is divided into a first separation chamber and a second separation chamber. The first separation chamber is located above the second separation chamber, and the first separation chamber and the second separation chamber are in communication.

[0008] The top of the first separation chamber is provided with a debris guiding and separation channel, the debris guiding and separation channel has a first opening, the first opening is disposed facing the bottom of the first separation chamber, the bottom of the first separation chamber is provided with a date dropping guiding channel, the date dropping guiding channel has a second opening for dropping dates;

[0009] A rotary slag separator is provided at the rear end of the first separation chamber. The rotary slag separator has a central shaft, and the two ends of the central shaft are rotatably connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box.

[0010] The second separation chamber is connected to the first separation chamber at its inlet and is equipped with a spiral roller for secondary separation of jujubes and impurities. The spiral roller includes a cylindrical grid and spiral blades located inside the cylindrical grid. A jujube outlet is located below the spiral roller.

[0011] An inlet is provided on the front side panel of the date suction box, which corresponds to the first separation chamber. A straw is connected to the inlet, and a nozzle is provided at the front end of the straw. The nozzle has a flat cylindrical oblique opening structure and includes an upper lip and a lower lip. The upper lip is longer than the lower lip and is curved toward the lower lip.

[0012] A slag discharge channel is provided at the rear of the first separation chamber and the second separation chamber, and the slag discharge channel extends to the rear side panel of the date receiving box and is provided with a slag discharge port.

[0013] A fan is installed at the bottom of the suction box. The fan is connected to the first power component, which provides power to the fan. The air outlet of the fan is connected to the first separation chamber to create negative pressure at the suction inlet.

[0014] Optionally, the upper lip of the suction nozzle is folded outward to form a flange, and the flange is provided with a plurality of air holes communicating with the outside.

[0015] The straw is a flexible, segmented tube. The front end of the nozzle has a trumpet-shaped opening structure, and the rear end of the nozzle has a cylindrical structure. A hand handle is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rear end of the nozzle. The maximum width of the opening formed by the upper and lower lips of the nozzle is greater than the diameter of its rear end. The rear end of the nozzle is connected to the straw and fixed with a clamp.

[0016] Optionally, a settling box is provided at the lower part of the second separation chamber, the slag discharge port is located on the side plate of the settling box, and a slag discharge airlock is provided at the slag discharge port;

[0017] The slag discharge channel is also connected to the air outlet of the blower, and is used to discharge a portion of the debris from the air outlet.

[0018] Optionally, an angular gearbox is provided axially and rearwardly on the spiral drum. The transverse input shaft of the angular gearbox is transversely supported and connected to the side wall of the date collection box. A sprocket is provided at one end of the transverse input shaft of the angular gearbox. The longitudinal output shaft of the angular gearbox is drivenly connected to the spiral drum shaft. The longitudinal output shaft of the angular gearbox and the transverse input shaft are arranged perpendicularly in space to change the direction of force and drive the spiral drum to rotate.

[0019] A date outlet airlock is installed between the bottom of the spiral drum and the date outlet. The date outlet airlock consists of two circular metal discs at both ends and a central shaft. Multiple impeller blades are installed on the central shaft in a circular array at intervals. The impeller blades are welded to the metal discs. Rubber plates are installed on the surface of the multiple impeller blades. The central shaft of the metal discs is spatially perpendicular to the axis of the date outlet. The impeller blades of the date outlet airlock are angularly positioned below the gearbox. The central shaft of the date outlet airlock is laterally supported and connected to the side wall of the date receiving box, and a sprocket is connected to one end of the central shaft.

[0020] Optionally, one side edge of the spiral blade is welded to the inner wall of the cylindrical grid, and the other side edge is spaced from the inner wall of the cylindrical grid. The spiral blade is rotatably connected to the side wall of the inlet of the second separation chamber by a bearing. The edge of the spiral blade is bent upward to form a blocking part to prevent the dates and debris from falling from the edge of the spiral blade, so that the dates and debris rotate with the movement trajectory of the spiral blade.

[0021] The cylindrical grid includes: multiple screen bars made of parallel and spaced metal strips, arranged in a circumferential array to form a cylindrical structure, wherein the interval between adjacent metal strips is smaller than the short axis diameter of the jujube.

[0022] Optionally, the debris rotary slag separator includes: a first rotating shaft connected to the side wall of the date collection box, and a plurality of first cutting blades arranged side by side along the circumference of rotation on the first rotating shaft, the edges of the first cutting blades having a serrated structure, and gaps between adjacent first cutting blades;

[0023] It also includes: a second rotating shaft, connected to the side wall of the date collection box and arranged vertically corresponding to the first rotating shaft; a plurality of second cutting blades arranged side by side along the circumference of rotation are arranged on the second rotating shaft; the edges of the second cutting blades are serrated and there are gaps between adjacent second cutting blades;

[0024] A sprocket is provided at the end of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft respectively. The first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft rotate under the drive of the chain drive. They work together to cut and crush the debris transported from the debris guide separation channel in the first separation chamber and output it to the slag discharge channel behind the first separation chamber.

[0025] Optionally, the first power unit includes a diesel engine, which transmits power to the fan via a clutch through a pulley and a belt, and the rotation of the fan's rotor blades causes the air to form a pressure difference in the flow field.

[0026] In addition, the reducer has sprockets at both ends of the drive shafts corresponding to the slag discharge port airlock and the date outlet airlock. The output shaft of the reducer is connected to the sprockets via a chain to transmit power to the drive shafts of each airlock, thereby driving the impellers of the airlocks to rotate.

[0027] Optionally, the date-dropping guide channel includes: a filter grid consisting of steel bars laid side by side at intervals at the bottom of the first separation chamber, wherein the steel bars are inclined from low to high from the inlet inward, and the other end of the steel bars opposite to the inlet is connected to the debris rotary slag separator, and the interval between adjacent steel bars forms a date-dropping opening that connects downward to the second separation chamber.

[0028] The debris guiding and separating channel includes: multiple long metal plates welded to the top of the first separating chamber, with the space between two adjacent long metal plates forming a debris guiding and separating channel, extending to the debris rotary slag separator.

[0029] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for collecting jujubes based on a pneumatic suction-type secondary separation jujube picking machine, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0030] S10. Drive the air suction jujube picking machine to the jujube tree. The operator holds the hand handle and brings the flat cylindrical oblique structure of the suction nozzle close to the jujubes on the ground, so that the upper and lower lips of the suction nozzle form a certain angle with the ground, thereby creating a certain gap between the maximum width of the suction nozzle opening and the ground, so as to facilitate the formation of a negative pressure chamber.

[0031] S20. Start the first power component to make the fan work and blow air out from the fan's air outlet to form an airflow layer. The jujubes and debris on the ground are affected by the airflow at the opening of the suction nozzle and are sucked into the suction tube and transported to the suction port of the jujube suction box through the suction tube.

[0032] S30. Jujubes and debris are sucked into the first separation chamber through the suction port. Under the negative pressure inside the jujube collecting box, some debris floats up and is guided to the debris rotary slag separator through the debris guide separation channel at the top of the first separation chamber. After passing through the debris rotary slag separator, it falls into the slag discharge channel.

[0033] Meanwhile, the jujubes and another type of debris are subjected to gravity in the first separation chamber and are guided to fall into the second separation chamber through the jujube guide channel, thus achieving a one-time separation and filtration of the jujubes and debris;

[0034] S40. The chain drives the sprocket at one end of the transverse input shaft of the gearbox through the reducer and the chain. The sprocket rotates at the transverse input shaft of the gearbox, which in turn drives the longitudinal output shaft of the gearbox to rotate, thereby changing the direction of power and driving the spiral drum to rotate. When the jujube rolls to the entrance of the second separation chamber, the jujube and another part of the debris enter the rotating spiral drum. The jujube and debris are pushed backward axially by the rotation of the spiral blades in the spiral drum.

[0035] S50. Under the rotation and vibration of the spiral blades, the debris rolls from the gaps of the cylindrical grid to the slag discharge channel at the rear. The jujubes move axially and are discharged from the end of the cylindrical grid, falling into the jujube outlet airlock and flowing out from the jujube outlet, thus realizing the secondary separation and filtration of the jujubes and debris.

[0036] The pneumatic suction-type secondary separation jujube picking machine and method provided in this invention adopts a pneumatic suction method and improves the suction nozzle structure by using a flat cylindrical oblique opening structure. The upper lip edge of the suction nozzle is curved inward, forming a certain angle with the lower lip and the ground. This creates a gap between the maximum width of the suction nozzle opening and the ground, which facilitates the formation of a negative pressure chamber and improves the suction effect of the jujubes. Furthermore, by employing a two-stage separation structure, the negative pressure generated by the fan draws jujubes and debris from the ground into the first separation chamber of the suction box, where the jujubes and debris undergo primary separation and filtration. Then, the jujubes fall into the second separation chamber through a jujube guide channel, where a spiral roller at the entrance of the second separation chamber performs secondary separation and filtration of the jujubes and debris. This achieves effective separation of jujubes and debris, improves the purity and quality of the jujubes, and thus improves the separation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pneumatic suction type secondary separation jujube picking machine of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the spiral roller in this invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the airlock device in this invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the impeller of the wind turbine in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Example 1:

[0044] See Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides a pneumatic suction type secondary separation jujube picking machine, including: a frame (not shown in the figure), a rear axle (not shown in the figure) connected to the bottom of the frame, and wheels (not shown in the figure) at both ends of the rear axle; specifically, a drive motor can also be installed on the rear axle to drive the wheels to move, so that the whole machine can be moved easily.

[0045] The machine frame is equipped with a first power unit (not shown in the figure) and a date suction box 1. The date suction box 1 has a cavity inside, which is divided into a first separation chamber (not shown in the figure) and a second separation chamber (not shown in the figure). The first separation chamber is located above the second separation chamber, and the first separation chamber and the second separation chamber are connected.

[0046] The top of the first separation chamber is provided with a debris guiding and separation channel, which has a first opening facing the bottom of the first separation chamber. The bottom of the first separation chamber is provided with a date dropping guiding channel, which has a second opening for dropping dates.

[0047] A rotary slag separator is provided at the rear end of the first separation chamber. The rotary slag separator has a central shaft, and the two ends of the central shaft are rotatably connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box 1.

[0048] At the entrance where the second separation chamber connects to the first separation chamber, there is a spiral roller 21 for secondary separation of jujubes and impurities. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2The spiral roller 21 includes a cylindrical grid 211 and a spiral blade 212 located inside the cylindrical grid 211, and an outlet is provided below the spiral roller 21.

[0049] An inlet is provided on the front side panel of the date suction box 1. The inlet is set in the first separation chamber. A straw (not shown in the figure) is connected to the inlet. The front end of the straw is provided with a nozzle. The nozzle is a flat cylindrical oblique structure. The nozzle includes an upper lip and a lower lip. The upper lip is longer than the lower lip and is curved toward the lower lip.

[0050] A slag discharge channel is provided at the rear of the first separation chamber and the second separation chamber. The slag discharge channel extends to the rear side panel of the date collection box 1 and is provided with a slag discharge port.

[0051] A fan is installed at the bottom of the suction box 1. The fan is connected to the first power component for transmission. The first power component is used to provide power to the fan. The air outlet of the fan is connected to the first separation chamber to form negative pressure at the suction inlet.

[0052] The first separation chamber primarily removes lighter impurities, such as straw and jujube leaves, through a rotating impurity separator into the slag discharge channel. The second separation chamber mainly separates slightly heavier impurities, such as jujube stalks and clods of soil, from the jujubes, thereby improving the purity of the separated jujubes.

[0053] The pneumatic suction-type secondary separation jujube picking machine provided in this invention employs a pneumatic suction method and improves the suction nozzle structure by using a flat cylindrical oblique opening structure. The upper lip edge of the nozzle is curved inwards, forming an angle with the lower lip and the ground. This creates a gap between the maximum width of the nozzle opening and the ground, facilitating the formation of a negative pressure chamber and improving the jujube suction effect. Furthermore, by using a two-stage separation structure, the negative pressure generated by the fan draws jujubes and debris from the ground into the first separation chamber of the suction box, performing a primary separation and filtration. Then, the jujubes fall into the second separation chamber through a drop guide channel, where a spiral roller at the entrance of the second separation chamber performs a secondary separation and filtration, achieving effective separation of jujubes and debris, improving the purity and quality of the jujubes, and thus enhancing the jujube separation effect. Example 2:

[0054] Based on Embodiment 1, this invention improves the structure of the suction nozzle, including:

[0055] The upper lip of the suction nozzle is folded outwards with a flange, and multiple air holes that communicate with the outside are arranged on the flange.

[0056] The straw is a flexible, segmented tube (also known as a corrugated tube). The front end of the mouthpiece has a trumpet-shaped opening structure, and the rear end of the mouthpiece has a cylindrical structure. A hand handle is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rear end of the mouthpiece. The maximum width of the opening formed by the upper and lower lips of the mouthpiece is greater than the diameter of its rear end. The rear end of the mouthpiece is connected to the straw and fixed with a clamp.

[0057] Specifically, the flanged air vents are a set of variable air vents, each with an on / off valve to control the opening and closing of the air vent. This valve is a rotary knob; rotating the knob changes the valve's opening degree, thereby altering the airflow through the air vent.

[0058] In this embodiment, by providing a flange and air holes on the upper lip of the suction nozzle, an airflow layer can be formed at the opening of the nozzle. This allows the dates and debris on the ground to be drawn into the suction tube by the airflow, thus improving suction efficiency. Simultaneously, the use of a flexible, segmented tube increases the flexibility of the suction tube, making it easier for the operator to suck up dates from different angles and positions.

[0059] Furthermore, the use of a funnel-shaped opening structure increases the suction area of ​​the nozzle, improving suction efficiency. Moreover, the handheld handle allows the operator to easily control the movement and direction of the nozzle, enhancing operational flexibility and convenience.

[0060] In some embodiments, a settling box is provided at the lower part of the second separation chamber, the slag discharge port is located on the side plate of the settling box, and a slag discharge airlock is provided at the slag discharge port.

[0061] The slag discharge channel is also connected to the air outlet of the blower, which is used to discharge some of the debris from the air outlet.

[0062] In this embodiment, a settling box is installed at the bottom of the second separation chamber, allowing all debris to settle within it. Simultaneously, a slag discharge airlock is installed at the slag discharge port to control its opening and closing, preventing air from flowing in and affecting the stability of the negative pressure. This also prevents debris from flowing back from the slag discharge port, improving slag discharge efficiency. Furthermore, by connecting the slag discharge channel to the blower's air outlet, the airflow generated by the blower can be used to discharge some debris from the blower's air outlet, reducing debris accumulation and further improving slag discharge efficiency.

[0063] In some embodiments, a collection box for collecting red dates is provided at the bottom of the second separation chamber to collect the red dates after secondary separation by the date collecting machine.

[0064] The first power component of the jujube harvester refers to the power source used to drive components such as the fan. In this application, the jujube harvester can be mounted on a frame with a diesel engine, and a drive motor can be installed at the bottom of the frame to drive the wheels.

[0065] In some embodiments, the spiral roller is used to separate jujubes from impurities such as jujube buds and soil clods. It can extend the separation time and improve the separation effect. Through its rotation, it can effectively separate out impurities such as jujube buds and soil clods that were not completely separated in the first separation chamber, thereby improving the purity of the jujubes.

[0066] The spiral roller 21 is provided with an angular gearbox at its rear axial direction. The transverse input shaft of the angular gearbox is transversely supported and connected to the side wall of the date collection box 1. A sprocket is provided at one end of the transverse input shaft of the angular gearbox. The longitudinal output shaft of the angular gearbox is connected to the shaft of the spiral roller. The longitudinal output shaft of the angular gearbox and the transverse input shaft are arranged perpendicularly in space to change the direction of force and drive the spiral roller 21 to rotate.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 3 A date outlet airlock 3 is provided between the spiral roller 21 and the date outlet. The date outlet airlock 3 consists of two circular metal discs 30 located at both ends and a central shaft 31. Multiple impeller blades 32 are installed on the central shaft in a circular array at intervals. The impeller blades 32 are welded to the metal discs 30. Rubber plates are provided on the surface of the multiple impeller blades. The central shaft of the metal discs 30 is arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the date outlet in space. The impeller blades 32 of the date outlet airlock 3 are arranged diagonally downwards from the gearbox 34. The central shaft of the date outlet airlock is laterally supported and connected to the side wall of the date receiving box, and a sprocket is connected to one end of the central shaft.

[0068] In this embodiment, by installing an angular gearbox axially rear of the spiral drum, the direction of force can be reversed. Simultaneously, by installing an outlet airlock at the outlet, the opening and closing of the outlet can be controlled, preventing air from flowing in and affecting the stability of the negative pressure, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the jujubes.

[0069] Specifically, a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the spiral roller is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, one side edge of the spiral blade 212 is welded to the inner wall of the cylindrical grid 211, and the other side edge is spaced from the inner wall of the cylindrical grid 211. The spiral blade 212 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the inlet of the second separation chamber through a bearing, which is used to push the dates and debris to move along the axial direction of the cylindrical grid. The edge of the spiral blade 212 is bent upward to form a blocking part, which is used to prevent the dates and debris from falling from the edge of the spiral blade 212, so that the dates and debris rotate along the movement trajectory of the spiral blade 212.

[0070] The cylindrical grid 211 includes: multiple screen bars made of parallel and spaced metal strips, arranged in a circumferential array to form a cylindrical structure, wherein the interval between adjacent metal strips is smaller than the short axis diameter of the jujube.

[0071] In this embodiment, during the rotation of the spiral blades, the jujubes and debris are allowed to rotate along the trajectory of the spiral blades, while all remaining debris, such as jujube stalks and clods of soil, leaks into the slag discharge channel through the gaps between adjacent metal strips, thereby improving the separation effect of the spiral blades. The gaps between the adjacent metal strips can be adjusted according to the size of the filtered material.

[0072] In some embodiments, the diameter D of the spiral roller is 20-30 cm, preferably 25 cm. The length L of the spiral roller can be 40-60 cm, preferably L=50 cm, and the rotational speed n of the spiral roller is 60 r / min to ensure that the spiral roller can separate the jujubes and impurities in a short time, while avoiding damage to the jujubes caused by excessively fast rotation speed.

[0073] The pitch S of the spiral drum is 15-20cm, and the helix angle α of the spiral blade segment is 30°-45°, meaning the angle between the tangent of the spiral blade and the axis of the cylinder is 30°-45°. This ensures that the spiral drum can generate sufficient thrust on the jujubes in the horizontal direction.

[0074] In some embodiments, the spiral blades are provided with multiple small holes on their edges to draw in air, forming an airflow layer, reducing friction between the dates and debris and the spiral blades, improving separation efficiency and protecting the integrity of the dates.

[0075] In some embodiments, the debris rotary slag separator includes: a first rotating shaft connected to the side wall of the date collection box 1, and a plurality of first cutting blades arranged side by side along the rotation circumference on the first rotating shaft, the edges of the first cutting blades having a serrated structure, and gaps between adjacent first cutting blades;

[0076] It also includes: a second rotating shaft, which is connected to the side wall of the date collection box 1 and is arranged vertically and vertically corresponding to the first rotating shaft. Multiple second cutting blades are arranged side by side along the circumference of rotation on the second rotating shaft. The edges of the second cutting blades are serrated and there are gaps between adjacent second cutting blades.

[0077] A sprocket 48 is provided at the end of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft respectively. The first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft rotate under the drive of the chain 61. They work together to cut and crush the debris transported from the debris guide separation channel in the first separation chamber and output it to the slag discharge channel behind the first separation chamber.

[0078] In this embodiment, by setting two rotating shafts and multiple cutting blades on the debris rotary slag separator, the debris can be cut and crushed, thereby reducing the volume of the debris, facilitating discharge, and improving slag discharge efficiency.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first power component includes a diesel engine that transmits power to a fan via a clutch through a pulley and a belt, and the rotation of the fan's rotor blades causes air to form a pressure difference in the flow field.

[0080] In some embodiments, the rotor impeller shaft of the fan is connected to the input shaft of the reducer.

[0081] Furthermore, the reducer, the slag discharge port airlock, and the date outlet airlock are equipped with drive shafts and sprockets 57 at both ends. The output shaft of the reducer is connected to the sprockets 57 via chains 62 and 63 to transmit power to the drive shafts of each airlock, thereby driving the impellers of the airlocks to rotate. The reducer can realize the opening and closing control of the slag discharge port airlock and the date outlet airlock.

[0082] The slag discharge port airlock and the date outlet airlock have the same structure, which can be referred to in the previous description, and will not be repeated here.

[0083] In some embodiments, the speed of the diesel engine can be adjusted as needed to control the air volume of the blower, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the negative pressure. Specifically, the jujube guide channel includes: a filter screen made of parallel and spaced steel bars laid at intervals at the bottom of the first separation chamber, wherein the steel bars are inclined from low to high from the inlet inward, and the other end opposite to the inlet is connected to the impurity rotary slag separator, and the interval between adjacent steel bars forms a jujube drop outlet that connects downward to the second separation chamber; wherein, the interval between adjacent steel bars can be adjusted according to the size of the jujubes to improve the filtration effect of the jujube guide channel.

[0084] The debris guiding and separating channel includes: multiple long metal strips welded to the top of the first separating chamber, with the space between two adjacent long metal strips forming the debris guiding and separating channel, and extending to the debris rotary slag separator.

[0085] Therefore, this invention adopts a two-stage separation structure. The first separation chamber uses the impurity guiding separation channel and the jujube guiding channel to separate and filter the jujubes and impurities in the first stage. The spiral roller and cylindrical grid are used to separate and filter the jujubes and impurities in the second stage, which realizes the effective separation of jujubes and impurities and improves the separation purity and quality of jujubes.

[0086] Based on the above-mentioned pneumatic suction secondary separation jujube picking machine, this embodiment also provides a jujube collecting method based on the pneumatic suction secondary separation jujube picking machine, including the following steps:

[0087] S10. Place the pneumatic jujube picking machine on the walking mechanism, drive it to the jujube tree, and control the movement of the walking wheels by the motor.

[0088] The operator holds the handle and brings the flat cylindrical oblique structure of the suction nozzle close to the red dates on the ground, so that the upper and lower lips of the suction nozzle form a certain angle with the ground, thereby creating a certain gap between the maximum width of the suction nozzle opening and the ground, which is conducive to the formation of a negative pressure chamber.

[0089] S20. Start the first power component to make the fan work. The impeller 5 of the fan rotates and blows air out from the air outlet of the fan to form an airflow layer. The jujubes and debris on the ground are affected by the airflow at the opening of the suction nozzle and are sucked into the suction tube and transported to the suction port of the jujube suction box through the suction tube.

[0090] S30. Jujubes and debris are sucked into the first separation chamber through the suction port. Under the action of negative pressure inside the jujube collecting box, some debris floats up and is guided through the debris guide separation channel at the top of the first separation chamber to the rotating debris discharge separator in operation. After being processed by the rotating debris discharge separator, it is discharged into the discharge channel.

[0091] Meanwhile, the jujubes and other debris are subjected to gravity in the first separation chamber and are guided to the second separation chamber through the jujube guide channel, thus achieving a single separation and filtration of the jujubes and debris.

[0092] S40. The chain drives the sprocket at one end of the gearbox's transverse input shaft via the output shaft of the reducer. The sprocket rotates at the transverse input shaft of the gearbox, causing the longitudinal output shaft of the gearbox to rotate, thereby changing the direction of power and driving the spiral drum to rotate. When the jujubes roll to the entrance of the second separation chamber, the jujubes and other debris enter the rotating spiral drum. The jujubes and debris are pushed backward axially by the rotation of the spiral blades in the spiral drum.

[0093] S50. Under the vibration of the rotating spiral blades, the debris rolls from the gaps of the cylindrical grid to the slag discharge channel at the rear. The jujubes move axially and are discharged from the end of the cylindrical grid, falling into the jujube outlet airlock and flowing out from the jujube outlet, thus achieving secondary separation and filtration of the jujubes and debris.

[0094] S60. The red dates flowing out of the date outlet fall into the collection box, wherein the collection box may have an openable discharge port for pouring out the collected red dates.

[0095] In some embodiments, the method further includes: the debris discharged from the slag discharge channel is discharged to the outside through a slag discharge airlock. The slag discharge airlock can control the opening and closing of the slag discharge port to prevent air from flowing in from the slag discharge port and affecting the stability of the negative pressure. At the same time, it can also prevent debris from flowing back from the slag discharge port and improve the slag discharge efficiency.

[0096] The pneumatic suction-type secondary separation jujube picking machine and method provided in this invention adopts a pneumatic suction method and improves the suction nozzle structure by using a flat cylindrical oblique opening structure. The upper lip edge of the suction nozzle is curved inward, forming a certain angle with the lower lip and the ground. This creates a gap between the maximum width of the suction nozzle opening and the ground, facilitating the formation of a negative pressure chamber and improving the suction effect of the jujubes. Furthermore, by employing a two-stage separation structure, the negative pressure generated by the fan separates and filters the jujubes and debris on the ground in the first stage. Then, the jujubes fall into the second separation chamber through a jujube guide channel, where a spiral roller at the entrance of the second separation chamber performs a secondary separation and filtration of the jujubes and debris. This achieves effective separation of jujubes and debris, improving the purity and quality of the jujubes and thus improving the separation effect. In addition, by installing airlocks and other components at the slag discharge port and jujube outlet, the airflow can be effectively controlled, preventing air and jujube backflow, improving the efficiency of slag discharge and separation, making it simple and efficient. This effectively solved the problems of difficult and costly jujube picking for farmers.

[0097] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationship, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. This will be understood by those skilled in the art through the specific circumstances.

[0098] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A suction type red jujube picking machine, characterized in that, The utility model provides a jujube picking machine, including: A frame is connected with a rear axle at the bottom, and walking wheels are arranged at both ends of the rear axle; A first power assembly and a jujube suction box are arranged on the frame, the jujube suction box has a cavity inside, the cavity is divided into a first separation cavity and a second separation cavity, the first separation cavity is located at the upper portion of the second separation cavity, and the first separation cavity and the second separation cavity are communicated; A sundry guide separation channel is arranged at the top of the first separation cavity, the sundry guide separation channel has a first opening, the first opening is arranged towards the bottom of the first separation cavity, a jujube falling guide channel is arranged at the bottom of the first separation cavity, and the jujube falling guide channel has a second opening for jujube falling; A sundry rotary residue discharge separator is arranged at the rear end of the first separation cavity, the sundry rotary residue discharge separator has a central shaft, and both ends of the central shaft are rotatably connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box; A spiral roller for secondary separation of jujubes and sundries is arranged at the inlet of the second separation cavity communicated with the first separation cavity, the spiral roller comprises a cylindrical grid and spiral blades arranged inside the cylindrical grid, and a jujube outlet is arranged below the spiral roller; A suction inlet is arranged on the front side panel of the jujube suction box, the suction inlet corresponds to the first separation cavity, a suction pipe is connected to the suction inlet, a suction nozzle is arranged at the front end of the suction pipe, the suction nozzle is in a flat-tube oblique opening structure, the suction nozzle comprises an upper lip and a lower lip, the upper lip is longer than the lower lip, and is curved towards the lower lip; A residue discharge channel is arranged at the rear portion of the first separation cavity and the second separation cavity, and a residue discharge port is arranged on the rear side panel of the jujube suction box and extends from the residue discharge channel; A fan is arranged at the bottom of the jujube suction box, the fan is drivingly connected to the first power assembly, the first power assembly is used for providing power for the fan, the air inlet of the fan is communicated with the first separation cavity, and negative pressure is formed at the suction inlet; An angular gear box is arranged axially behind the spiral roller, a transverse input shaft of the angular gear box is transversely supported and connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box, one end of the transverse input shaft of the angular gear box is correspondingly provided with a chain wheel, a longitudinal output shaft of the angular gear box is drivingly connected to the spiral roller shaft, and the longitudinal output shaft of the angular gear box is vertically arranged with the transverse input shaft in the spatial position, so as to change the direction of force and drive the spiral roller to rotate; A jujube outlet air stopper is arranged between the spiral roller and the jujube outlet, the jujube outlet air stopper comprises two circular metal discs and a central shaft arranged at both ends, a plurality of impeller blades are arranged on the central shaft in a circular array, the impeller blades are weldedly connected with the metal discs, rubber plates are arranged on the surfaces of the plurality of impeller blades, the central shaft of the metal disc is vertically arranged with the axis of the jujube outlet, the impeller blades of the jujube outlet air stopper are correspondingly arranged below the angular gear box, the central shaft of the jujube outlet air stopper is transversely supported and connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box, and a chain wheel is connected to one end of the central shaft; The upper lip of the suction nozzle is outwardly folded with a folded edge, and a plurality of air holes communicated with the outside are arranged on the folded edge. The straw is a flexible bone joint pipe, the front end of the suction nozzle is a horn-shaped opening structure, the rear end of the suction nozzle is a cylindrical structure, a handheld rod is fixedly connected outside the rear end of the suction nozzle, the maximum width of the opening formed by the upper lip and the lower lip of the suction nozzle is greater than the diameter of the rear end thereof, the rear end of the suction nozzle is connected with the straw, and a clamp is used for fixing. A settling tank is arranged at the lower part of the second separation chamber, the slag discharge port is arranged on the side panel of the settling tank, and a slag discharge air stopper is arranged at the slag discharge port; The slag discharge channel is also communicated with the air outlet of the fan, and is used for discharging a part of sundries from the air outlet.

2. The air suction type jujube picking machine according to claim 1, wherein One side edge of the spiral blade is welded with the inner wall of the cylindrical grid, and the other side edge has a spacing with the inner wall of the cylindrical grid, the spiral blade is rotationally connected to the side wall of the inlet of the second separation chamber through a bearing, the edge of the spiral blade is bent upward to form a blocking part, which is used for blocking jujube and sundries from falling off the edge of the spiral blade, so that the jujube and sundries rotate along the movement track of the spiral blade; The cylindrical grid comprises a plurality of screen strips which are parallel and spaced apart by metal strips, and form a cylindrical structure in a circumferential array, and the spacing between adjacent metal strips is smaller than the minor axis diameter of the jujube.

3. The air-suction type jujube picking machine according to claim 1, wherein The sundry rotating slag discharge separator comprises a first rotating shaft connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box, a plurality of first cutting pieces arranged side by side along the rotating circumference are arranged on the first rotating shaft, the edge of the first cutting piece is a sawtooth structure, and there is a gap between adjacent first cutting pieces. Further comprising: a second rotating shaft connected to the side wall of the jujube suction box and arranged in a corresponding upper and lower position with the first rotating shaft, a plurality of second cutting pieces arranged side by side along the rotating circumference are arranged on the second rotating shaft, the edge of the second cutting piece is a sawtooth structure, and there is a gap between adjacent second cutting pieces. Corresponding to the end parts of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft, chain wheels are arranged respectively, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft rotate under the driving of chain transmission, and are used for cooperatively cutting and crushing the sundries conveyed from the sundry guide separation channel in the first separation chamber and outputting the sundries to the slag discharge channel behind the first separation chamber.

4. The air-suction type jujube picking machine according to claim 1, wherein The first power assembly comprises a diesel engine, the diesel engine transmits power to the fan through a clutch through a belt wheel and a belt, and the rotation of the rotor blade of the fan forms a pressure difference in the flow field. Further, the transmission shafts corresponding to the slag discharge port air stopper and the jujube outlet air stopper are respectively provided with chain wheels, the output shaft of the speed reducer is transmissionally connected with the chain wheels through a chain, and is used for transmitting power to the transmission shafts of the air stoppers and driving the impellers of the air stoppers to rotate.

5. The air-suction type jujube picking machine according to claim 1, wherein The jujube falling guide channel comprises a filter grid laid side by side and spaced apart by steel bars on the bottom of the first separation chamber, and the steel bars are arranged from low to high inwardly from the suction inlet, the other end opposite to the suction inlet is connected with the sundry rotating slag discharge separator, and the spacing between adjacent steel bars forms a jujube falling port downwardly communicated to the second separation chamber. The impurity guide separation channel comprises a plurality of long strip metal plates welded to the top of the first separation cavity, and a space between two adjacent long strip metal plates forms an impurity guide separation channel and extends to the impurity rotating discharge separator.

6. A jujube picking method based on an air suction type jujube picking machine, characterized in that, The method comprises the steps of: S10, driving the air-suction type red jujube picking machine under the red jujube tree, and holding the hand-held rod by the operator to make the flat-cylinder-shaped oblique structure of the suction nozzle close to the red jujubes on the ground, so that a certain gap is formed between the upper lip and the lower lip of the suction nozzle and the ground, thereby facilitating the formation of a negative pressure cavity; S20, starting the first power assembly to make the fan work, air is blown out from the air outlet of the fan to form an air flow layer, and the red jujubes and impurities on the ground are affected by the air flow at the opening of the suction nozzle, thereby being sucked into the suction pipe and being transported to the suction inlet of the jujube suction box through the suction pipe; S30, the red jujubes and impurities are sucked into the first separation cavity, and under the action of the negative pressure in the jujube suction box, a part of the impurities float upwards through the impurity guide separation channel at the top of the first separation cavity to the rotating impurity rotating discharge separator, and after being treated by the impurity rotating discharge separator, the impurities are discharged and fall into the discharge channel; At the same time, the red jujubes and another part of the impurities are guided to fall into the second separation cavity through the jujube guide channel in the first separation cavity under the action of gravity, thereby realizing the first separation and filtration of the red jujubes and the impurities; S40, the output shaft of the speed reducer and the chain wheel at one end of the transverse input shaft of the angular gear box are driven in sequence to rotate the transverse input shaft of the angular gear box, thereby driving the longitudinal output shaft of the angular gear box to rotate to change the power direction, drive the spiral roller to rotate and work, when the red jujubes roll to the entrance of the second separation cavity, the red jujubes and another part of the impurities enter the rotating spiral roller, and the red jujubes and the impurities are axially moved backward in the spiral roller under the rotation of the spiral blade; S50, the impurities roll to the discharge channel at the rear of the cylindrical grid under the rotation and vibration of the spiral blade, and the red jujubes are discharged from the end of the cylindrical grid and fall into the jujube outlet air lock and flow out of the jujube outlet, thereby realizing the second separation and filtration of the red jujubes and the impurities.

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