A method for low-temperature storage and warming recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of black fungus cultivation, and in particular to a method for low-temperature storage and warming recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter. The method provided by the present invention uses an idle black fungus greenhouse in winter for low-temperature storage and warming recovery, which not only rationally utilizes the idle black fungus greenhouse in winter, increases the storage space of the black fungus bag factory, expands the production capacity of the black fungus bag factory, reduces the storage cost of the black fungus bags, and improves the efficiency of the black fungus bag factory; at the same time, through a suitable warming method for recovery treatment, the problem of mycelium frostbite after low-temperature storage of the black fungus bags is solved, the black fungus yield is not reduced, the grown fungus pieces do not turn yellow or ooze, and the quality and selling price are not reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of black fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for low-temperature storage and warming recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of black fungus spawn factories has fueled the rapid development of the industry. These factories offer advantages such as mechanization, intelligentization, and standardization. They produce consistent, high-quality, and high-yield black fungus spawn, making them popular with growers. However, large-scale black fungus spawn factories produce approximately 20 to 50 million bags annually, running from November to April. After ripening, these factory-produced spawn need to be stored in storage rooms, typically holding approximately 250 bags per square meter. A factory producing tens of millions of bags annually requires a significant number of storage rooms, which require significant agricultural land or land for facilities. These storage rooms are also expensive to construct, limiting the production capacity and scale of these factories.

[0003] Meanwhile, the storage temperature of black fungus bags in storage rooms is generally between 15°C and 18°C, which requires air conditioning and other temperature control methods, consuming a large amount of electricity and increasing storage costs. If the storage temperature is below 10°C, the black fungus mycelium is prone to frostbite, resulting in yellowing of the fungus pieces and a tendency for them to ooze, reducing the yield and quality of the fungus and reducing the profitability of black fungus cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present invention provides a method for low-temperature storage and warming recovery of black fungus bags in greenhouses during winter. This method not only rationally utilizes unused black fungus greenhouses during winter, saving storage space and reducing storage costs for black fungus bag factories, but also increases the production scale of these factories and reduces the cost of black fungus bags. Furthermore, the warming recovery method restores the mycelium of black fungus bags stored at low temperatures to its original growth state, maintaining the yield and quality of the black fungus, thus having important practical production implications.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for low-temperature storage and temperature-raising recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The after-ripened black fungus bags are stored at low temperature in a greenhouse for 30 to 60 days, and the roof of the greenhouse and the black fungus bags are covered with insulation materials;

[0008] The black fungus bags stored at low temperature are subjected to a recovery process; the recovery process comprises:

[0009] In the first stage, one day after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to -2 to 2°C and then maintained at that temperature for 4 days at a heating rate of 0.1 to 0.5°C / h;

[0010] In the second stage, 6 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 3-7°C and maintained at that temperature for 4 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h;

[0011] In the third stage, 11 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 8-12°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h;

[0012] In the fourth stage, 21 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 13-17°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h.

[0013] Preferably, the greenhouse is closed and equipped with heating facilities. When the temperature in the greenhouse is -12 to 8°C, the ripened black fungus bags are stored in the greenhouse at low temperature.

[0014] Preferably, the after-ripening temperature is 17-20°C and the time is 15-20 days.

[0015] Preferably, a heat-insulating material and a plastic film are laid in sequence below the black fungus bag.

[0016] Preferably, the thermal insulation material includes one or more of a quilt, straw felt and straw curtain.

[0017] Preferably, the method of increasing and maintaining the temperature during the recovery process includes: heating with a floor furnace, opening the roof insulation material during the day to increase the temperature, and ventilating and cooling.

[0018] Preferably, the third stage includes: opening the greenhouse inlet and outlet for ventilation once in the morning and evening every day, each ventilation lasting 30 to 40 minutes.

[0019] Preferably, the fourth stage includes: rolling up the film on both sides of the greenhouse for ventilation once in the morning and evening every day, with each ventilation lasting 40 to 50 minutes.

[0020] Preferably, the method for placing the post-ripened black fungus bags includes: placing them vertically in a plastic basket.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] The method provided by the present invention uses idle black fungus greenhouses in winter to perform low-temperature storage and recovery, which not only reasonably utilizes the idle black fungus greenhouses in winter, increases the storage space of the black fungus spawn factory, expands the factory's production capacity, reduces the storage cost of the black fungus spawn, and improves the efficiency of the black fungus spawn factory; at the same time, a suitable temperature-raising method is used for recovery treatment, thereby solving the problem of frostbite of the black fungus mycelium after low-temperature storage, and the grown fungus pieces do not turn yellow or ooze, and the quality and selling price are not reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a photo of black fungus bags being stored at low temperature in a greenhouse;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a photo of the black fungus bags recovering after being heated up in the greenhouse;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a photo of black fungus bags being hung in a greenhouse and taken out;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a photo of the black fungus bag being stored at low temperature and recovered;

[0028] Figure 5 To recover the results of the effect of treatment on the yield of single bag;

[0029] Figure 6 To investigate the effect of recovery treatment on the swelling rate and thickness of the ear pieces;

[0030] Figure 7 To show the effect of the restoration treatment on the texture of the ear piece;

[0031] Figure 8 To recover the effect of treatment on the selling price of ear pieces;

[0032] Figure 9 This is the result of the effect of the unrecovered treatment on the single bag yield;

[0033] Figure 10 This is the effect of the unrecovered treatment on the swelling rate and thickness of the ear pieces;

[0034] Figure 11 This is the result of the effect of unrestored treatment on the texture of the ear piece;

[0035] Figure 12 The impact of unrecovered treatment on the price of ear pieces;

[0036] Figure 13 It is a technical roadmap for implementing the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention provides a method for low-temperature storage and temperature-raising recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter, comprising the following steps:

[0038] The after-ripened black fungus bags are stored at low temperature in a greenhouse for 30 to 60 days, and the roof of the greenhouse and the black fungus bags are covered with insulation materials;

[0039] The black fungus bags stored at low temperature are subjected to a temperature-raising recovery process; the recovery process comprises:

[0040] In the first stage, one day after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to -2 to 2°C and then maintained at that temperature for 4 days at a heating rate of 0.1 to 0.5°C / h;

[0041] In the second stage, 6 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 3-7°C and maintained at that temperature for 4 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h;

[0042] In the third stage, 11 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 8-12°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h;

[0043] In the fourth stage, 21 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 13-17°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h.

[0044] The present invention preferably post-ripens the black fungus bags to obtain post-ripened black fungus bags. In the present invention, the post-ripening temperature is preferably 17-20°C, more preferably 18°C; the post-ripening time is preferably 15-20 days, more preferably 20 days; the post-ripening humidity is preferably 40%-60%, more preferably 48%; and the post-ripening light intensity is preferably 30-100 Lux, more preferably 50 Lux.

[0045] After obtaining the after-ripened black fungus bags, the present invention preferably transports the after-ripened black fungus bags to a closed greenhouse with heating facilities and a temperature of -10 to 0°C for low-temperature storage; before the transportation, preferably, a plastic film and a heat-insulating material are laid in sequence on the ground where the after-ripened black fungus are placed. In the present invention, the heat-insulating material preferably includes one or more of a quilt, a straw mat, and a straw curtain. The present invention can isolate the ground temperature, water vapor, and heat preservation by laying a plastic film. Transporting and low-temperature storage at a suitable temperature in the greenhouse can prevent the black fungus bag mycelium from being severely frostbitten, resulting in the inability to recover to the original growth state.

[0046] In the present invention, the method for placing the post-ripened black fungus bags preferably includes: placing them vertically in a plastic basket.

[0047] In the present invention, the low-temperature storage period is 30 to 60 days, preferably 35 to 45 days, and more preferably 40 days. The low-temperature storage preferably includes: not performing heating treatment, covering the greenhouse with insulation material at night to maintain heat, closing the greenhouse door and vents to maintain heat, and opening the quilt and straw curtains in the greenhouse during the day to increase the temperature. By storing the fungus at low temperatures for an appropriate period of time, the present invention can avoid the reduction in yield and quality of black fungus due to prolonged low-temperature storage without recovery.

[0048] The temperature of the black fungus bag storage room is generally controlled at 15°C to 20°C, and a fresh air system is used for ventilation and air exchange. The storage time is generally 30 to 180 days. This process consumes a large amount of electricity and coal resources, which greatly increases the storage cost of the black fungus bags. The present invention uses a black fungus greenhouse that is idle in winter for low-temperature storage without using a fresh air system for ventilation and air exchange. This not only rationally utilizes the black fungus greenhouse that is idle in winter, increases the storage space of the black fungus bag factory, expands the factory's production capacity, but also reduces the storage cost of the black fungus bags and improves the efficiency of the black fungus bag factory.

[0049] After the low-temperature storage is completed, the present invention performs a recovery process on the black fungus bags after low-temperature storage; the recovery process includes:

[0050] In the first stage, one day after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to -2 to 2°C and then maintained at that temperature for 4 days at a heating rate of 0.1 to 0.5°C / h;

[0051] In the second stage, 6 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 3-7°C and maintained at that temperature for 4 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h;

[0052] In the third stage, 11 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 8-12°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h;

[0053] In the fourth stage, 21 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 13-17°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h.

[0054] In the present invention, the method of raising and maintaining the temperature during the recovery treatment preferably includes: heating in a floor furnace, opening the roof insulation material during the day and ventilating and cooling; the third stage preferably includes: opening the entrance and exit of the greenhouse for ventilation once in the morning and evening every day, each ventilation lasting 30 to 40 minutes, preferably 30 minutes; the fourth stage preferably includes: rolling up the film on both sides of the greenhouse for ventilation once in the morning and evening every day, each ventilation lasting 40 to 50 minutes, preferably 45 minutes.

[0055] After low-temperature storage, black fungus bags are susceptible to frostbite. The resulting auricles turn yellow and buds easily ooze, leading to reduced auricle quality and yield, and reduced profitability. The present invention addresses the issue of frostbite after low-temperature storage of black fungus bags by performing a recovery treatment using a suitable heating method. The resulting auricles do not turn yellow or ooze, and their quality and yield remain unchanged.

[0056] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for low-temperature storage and warming recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter provided by the present invention is described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] A method for low-temperature storage and temperature-raising recovery of black fungus bags comprises the following steps:

[0059] (1) The factory-produced black fungus bags were post-ripened in a storage room at 18°C for 20 days, with a humidity of 48% and a light intensity of 50 Lux to allow the black fungus mycelium to fully grow;

[0060] (2) When the temperature in the greenhouse is -10 to 0°C, a film is laid in the greenhouse, and a straw mat is laid on the film. The black fungus bags after ripening in step (1) are transported to the black fungus greenhouse for low-temperature storage for 40 days (see Figure 1 The after-ripened black fungus bags are placed in plastic baskets, 12 black fungus bags are placed vertically in each plastic basket, and three layers of plastic baskets are placed. The black fungus bags are covered with a layer of quilts and straw felt for insulation, and the roof of the black fungus shed is covered with a layer of quilts and straw felt;

[0061] (3) After storage, recovery treatment was carried out: the temperature was slowly increased by heating with a floor stove and opening the quilt on the roof during the day. On the first day, the temperature in the greenhouse gradually increased to 0°C and maintained until the fifth day. On the sixth day, the temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 3-7°C and maintained until the tenth day, so that the black fungus bags were slowly thawed. On the eleventh day, the temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 8-12°C and maintained until the twentieth day. The quilt and straw curtain at the door of the greenhouse were opened for ventilation once in the morning and evening, and each ventilation lasted 30 minutes to avoid hypoxia of the mycelium. On the twenty-first day, the temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 13-17°C and maintained until the thirtieth day. The films on both sides of the greenhouse roof were opened for ventilation twice in the morning and evening (the opening height was 1-1.5m), and each ventilation lasted 30 minutes. Figure 2 ).

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A method similar to Example 1, except that after the post-ripening is completed, the food is continued to be stored in the storage room, the storage temperature is 18° C., the storage time is 20 days, and no recovery treatment is performed after the storage is completed.

[0064] Test Example 1

[0065] The black fungus strain tested was Hei 29, a mid-late maturing variety known for its high temperature resistance, strong resistance to weeds, and high and stable yields. It was certified by the National Institute of Microbiology in 2007 (National Product Identification No. 2007018) and is preserved at the Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences.

[0066] The recovered black fungus bags of Example 1 (recovery treatment) and the black fungus bags of Comparative Example 1 (CK) were harvested using a greenhouse hanging bag method. The harvesting was carried out according to conventional management methods such as opening, growth recovery, germination, and harvesting. The auricles were harvested when they were 80% ripe. The yield per bag was calculated, and the swelling rate of the auricles was determined with reference to the method in GB / T 6192-2019. The thickness of the auricles was determined with reference to the method of Ma Yinpeng et al. [Ma Yinpeng, Kong Xianghui, Zhang Piqi, et al. Effects of different post-ripening and storage times of auricularia auricula on the quality of black fungus [J]. Food Industry, 2019, 40(11): 166-169.]. The hardness, elasticity, cohesion, adhesiveness, chewiness and resilience of the ear pieces were measured by TA.XT.PlusTextureAnalyser physical property analyzer according to the method of Ma Yinpeng et al. [Ma Yinpeng, Zhang Piqi, Kong Xianghui, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of wood ear cultivated with different substitute raw materials [J]. Heilongjiang Science, 2014, 5(10): 11-13.], and the sales were calculated. The results are shown in the table. Figures 3 to 8 .

[0067] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the single bag yield after recovery treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05). Therefore, recovery treatment can increase the single bag yield of black fungus stored at low temperature.

[0068] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the swelling rate and thickness of the auricles after recovery treatment were not significantly different from those in the control group (P>0.05). Therefore, recovery treatment can increase the swelling rate and thickness of the auricles of black fungus stored at low temperature.

[0069] Depend on Figure 7 The results show that the texture indexes of the auricle slices after recovery treatment, such as hardness, elasticity, cohesion, stickiness, chewiness, and recovery, were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05). Therefore, recovery treatment can improve the texture of black fungus auricle slices stored at low temperature.

[0070] Depend on Figure 8 It can be seen that the price of the ear pieces after recovery treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05). Therefore, recovery treatment can improve the quality of ear pieces without reducing the price.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] A method similar to Example 1, except that no recovery process is performed.

[0073] Test Example 2

[0074] The various indicators of the black fungus bag after recovery in Example 1 (recorded as recovery treatment) and the black fungus bag of Comparative Example 2 were tested using a similar method as in Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. Figures 8-10 .

[0075] Depend on Figure 9 It can be seen that the single bag yield after the non-recovery treatment was significantly different from that after the recovery treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, the single bag yield after the non-recovery treatment was significantly reduced.

[0076] Depend on Figure 10 It can be seen that the swelling rate of the ear pieces after unrecovery treatment is significantly different from that after recovery treatment (P < 0.05), while the thickness of the ear pieces after unrecovery treatment is not significantly different from that after recovery treatment (P > 0.05). Therefore, the swelling rate of the ear pieces after unrecovery treatment is significantly increased, and the thickness of the ear pieces is increased.

[0077] Depend on Figure 11 The results show that the hardness, elasticity, and resilience of the untreated ear pieces were significantly different from those after the treatment (P < 0.05). The cohesiveness, stickiness, chewiness, and other textural indices of the untreated ear pieces were not significantly different from those after the treatment (P > 0.05). Therefore, the hardness of the untreated ear pieces was significantly reduced, while the elasticity and resilience were significantly increased.

[0078] Depend on Figure 12 It can be seen that the price of the ear pieces after unrecovery treatment was significantly different from that after recovery treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, the quality of the ear pieces after unrecovery treatment was reduced, and the price was reduced.

[0079] In summary, the method provided by the present invention not only solves the problem of winter storage of black fungus bags, but also saves a large amount of storage space for the black fungus bag factory, increases the production scale of the bag factory, and reduces the cost of black fungus bags. In addition, the method can also restore the mycelium of the black fungus bags to their original growth state after being subjected to low temperature stress, without reducing the yield and quality of the black fungus, and has important practical production significance.

[0080] Although the above embodiment provides a detailed description of the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for low-temperature storage and temperature recovery of black fungus bags in a greenhouse in winter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The after-ripened black fungus bags are stored at low temperature in a greenhouse for 30 to 60 days, and the roof of the greenhouse and the black fungus bags are covered with insulation materials; The temperature of the low temperature storage is -10 to 0°C; Performing a recovery process on the black fungus bags after low-temperature storage; The recovery process includes: In the first stage, one day after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to -2 to 2°C and then maintained at that temperature for 4 days at a heating rate of 0.1 to 0.5°C / h; In the second stage, 6 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 3-7°C and maintained at that temperature for 4 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h; In the third stage, 11 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 8-12°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h. The greenhouse entrance and exit were opened for ventilation once in the morning and evening, and each ventilation lasted 30-40 minutes. In the fourth stage, 21 days after the end of low-temperature storage, the temperature in the greenhouse was raised to 13-17°C and maintained at that temperature for 9 days, with a heating rate of 0.1-0.5°C / h. The film on both sides of the greenhouse was rolled up for ventilation once every morning and evening, with each ventilation lasting 40-50 minutes. The method of increasing and maintaining the temperature during the recovery process includes: heating in a floor furnace, opening the roof insulation material during the day to increase the temperature, and ventilating and cooling.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The greenhouse is closed and equipped with heating facilities. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is -10 to 0°C, the ripened black fungus is packed in the greenhouse for low-temperature storage.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The after-ripening temperature is 17-20° C. and the time is 15-20 days.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein A heat-insulating material and a plastic film are laid in sequence below the black fungus bag.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that The heat-insulating material includes one or more of a quilt, a straw felt and a straw curtain.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The method for placing the post-ripened black fungus bags comprises: placing them vertically in a plastic basket.

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