A feed composition, a preparation method thereof and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a feed composition and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of feed additives.The feed composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of protease, 1-3 parts of phytase, 5-8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-8 parts of bacillus coagulans, 40-60 parts of oil, and 2-4 parts of emulsifier.The specific bacteria and enzymes are used for synergistic effect in the feed composition, so that the prepared feed can not only eliminate the muddy smell of farmed fish, but also reduce the abdominal fat rate of grass carp and improve the tightness of fish meat.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed composition and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Grass carp is an important freshwater economic fish, and its yield accounts for 1 / 5 of the yield of freshwater fish in China. In recent years, due to the high economic value of grass carp and the wide source of feed, some breeders have taken grass carp as the main breeding object. However, there are still many problems in the process of grass carp breeding, such as: the grass carp bred in freshwater generally has fishy smell and moldy smell, and the main substance causing such bad smell is geosmin (GSM), and there are also 2-methylisoborneol (2-MB), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) and 2, 3, 6-trichloroanisole (TCA) and the like, which are all metabolic products of algae and bacteria and the like. These substances enter the fish body through the gill, skin and intestinal epithelial cells, and are enriched in the fatty tissue parts of grass carp, such as internal organs and the like, resulting in fishy smell and odor in freshwater fish to varying degrees, especially in tilapia, carp, silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp, the fishy smell is particularly serious. In addition, the organic matter in fish excrement, feed residues and plant and animal residues can also easily lead to water eutrophication, and many microorganisms overgrow due to water eutrophication, and a large amount of primary and secondary metabolic products produced can produce earthy smell, muddy smell and the like; algae, streptomyces and actinomyces in water are considered to be the main source of earthy smell compounds.

[0003] At present, there are mainly two directions for removing the earthy smell of breeding fish: (1) in the process of fish processing, various spices, biochemical preparations and physical methods are used to remove the fishy smell, which is also the most widely used method for removing the fishy smell at present; however, this method can greatly reduce the sales of fresh fish, increase the cost and reduce the economic benefit. (2) Water hanging deodorization, that is, grass carp is transferred to a water hanging pond, and is temporarily bred in the fish pond without feeding for 25-40 days, and only necessary medication and water treatment are performed during the temporary breeding process. This treatment method can only remove part of the earthy smell of grass carp, because the removal rates of different earthy smell compounds are different, and this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, increases the breeding cost of breeders and reduces the economic benefit, and is not suitable for large-scale promotion. For modern people who pursue health, nutrition and deliciousness, the existence of fishy smell has a great negative impact on the consumption of these freshwater fish. The fishy smell problem of freshwater fish has become a major obstacle to the consumption and processing of freshwater fish products.

[0004] In view of the problem of the earthy smell of the above-mentioned freshwater fish product bell, finding a method for removing the earthy smell of freshwater fish during cultivation is the focus of current research in the field of cultivation. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a feed composition, a preparation method and application thereof, which can remove the earthy smell of cultivated fish, reduce the abdominal fat rate of freshwater fish and improve the meat tightness.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a feed composition comprising the following components by weight: protease 4-6 parts, phytase 1-3 parts, Bacillus subtilis 5-8 parts, Bacillus coagulans 5-8 parts, oil 40-60 parts, emulsifier 2-4 parts.

[0008] The protease can promote the digestion of the feed, improve the utilization rate of protein and starch, thereby reducing the abdominal fat deposition of grass carp and reducing the emission of ammonia and nitrogen compounds; the phytase can eliminate the anti-nutritional effect of phytate, improve the utilization rate of amino acids, protein, calcium and phosphorus, and reduce the emission of phosphorus; both Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans can maintain the ecological balance in the intestine, promote the absorption of nutrients, reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrous acid nitrogen in the water, thereby reducing the overgrowth of algae and bacteria due to eutrophication of the water body, reducing the production of a large amount of primary and secondary metabolites, reducing the production of earthy smell and foul-smelling substances.

[0009] The inventors have found through a large number of experiments that in the present application, the use of the above-mentioned specific bacteria and enzymes can jointly play a role and synergistically remove the earthy smell of grass carp.

[0010] As a more preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present application, the feed composition comprises the following components by weight: protease 5 parts, phytase 2 parts, Bacillus subtilis 6.5 parts, Bacillus coagulans 6.5 parts, oil 50 parts, emulsifier 3 parts; the inventors have found through a large number of experiments that under the above-mentioned preferred weight parts, the bacteria and enzymes can synergistically work best, the effect of removing the earthy smell of grass carp is best, and the growth performance of the final fish is best.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention, the enzyme activity of the protease is 60,000-80,000 u / g; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 4,000-6,000 u / g; the protease was purchased from Guangzhou Bosiao Biotechnology Group; through numerous inventive experiments, the inventors discovered that in the present invention, the level of enzyme activity affects the efficiency and palatability of feed enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby affecting the growth performance of fish. If the enzyme activity is too low, the hydrolysis effect is not obvious, and the utilization rate of feed cannot be effectively improved. If it is too high, it is easy to over-enzymatically hydrolyze, producing substances similar to bitter peptides, affecting the palatability of the feed, and thus leading to a decrease in the feed intake of fish, which cannot improve the growth performance of fish. When the enzyme activities of the protease and phytase are within the above ranges, the final growth performance of fish can be improved more significantly.

[0012] As a more preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention, the enzyme activity of the protease is 70,000 u / g; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5,000 u / g; the inventors have found through a large number of experiments that the enzyme activities of the protease and phytase under the above-mentioned preferred conditions can significantly improve the growth performance of the final fish.

[0013] As a more preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention, both Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans were purchased from Guangzhou Bosiao Biotechnology Group.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention, the viable count of the Bacillus coagulans is 8 × 10⁻⁶. 9 -1.5×10 10 CFU / g; The viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is 1×10⁻⁶. 10 -2×10 10 CFU / g; Through numerous creative experiments, the inventors discovered that the above-mentioned bacteria with specific live bacterial counts can not only colonize the intestines, promote the digestion and absorption of feed nutrients, and improve animal growth performance, but also have specificity. Among them, Bacillus subtilis is a preferred strain that can specifically decompose terbinafine, and Bacillus coagulans is also a preferred strain that can specifically decompose 2-methylisoborneol. Within the above-mentioned bacterial count range, a good decomposition effect can be achieved; outside the range, the ideal effect cannot be achieved.

[0015] In a more preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention, the viable count of the Bacillus coagulans is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis was 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; The inventors discovered through numerous creative experiments that the above-mentioned bacteria with the optimal number of viable bacteria under preferred conditions can achieve the best decomposition effect.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention, the emulsifier includes Tween 60, lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester, and pine resin.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present application, the oil and fat includes VE oil, castor oil, olive oil, walnut oil, palm oil, camellia oil.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the feed composition of the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1, mixing protease, phytase, bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans in water, stirring uniformly to obtain a liquid mixture;

[0020] S2, mixing the oil and fat and the emulsifier uniformly, and adding the liquid mixture of step S1, stirring uniformly to obtain the feed composition.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the feed composition of the present application, the stirring speed is 1000-1500 r / min, and the stirring time is 10-30 min.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present application provides the application of the feed composition of the first aspect in the feed of freshwater fish.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the application of the feed composition of the present application in the feed of freshwater fish, the mass percentage of the feed composition in the feed of freshwater fish is 1%-1.5%.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the application of the feed composition of the present application in the feed of freshwater fish, the feed composition is added into the feed of freshwater fish by post-spraying.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The feed composition provided by the present application uses specific bacteria and enzymes to synergistically act, so that the finally prepared feed can not only eliminate the muddy smell of farmed fish, but also reduce the abdominal fat rate of grass carp and improve the tightness of meat quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to better illustrate the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described below in combination with specific examples.

[0028] The reagents, methods and equipment used in the present application are all conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field unless otherwise specified.

[0029] When the weight parts of the components involved in the examples and comparative examples of the present application change, the vacancy or deficiency caused by the change is maintained to 100 parts by water.

[0030] In the embodiment 1-3 and the comparative example 1-4 of the present application, the enzyme activity of the protease is 70000u / g, the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5000u / g, the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 150x10 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 100x10 8 CFU / g; the protease, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans are purchased from Guangzhou Bosi Biological Group.

[0031] Embodiment 1-3

[0032] The formula of the feed composition in the embodiment 1-3 of the present application is shown in Table 1, and the preparation method of the feed composition comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1, according to the formula in Table 1, the protease, phytase, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans are mixed in water at 40-45℃, and stirred at a speed of 1000r / min for 10min to obtain a liquid mixture;

[0034] S2, according to the formula in Table 1, the oil and the emulsifier are mixed uniformly, and then added into the liquid mixture in step S1, and homogenized at a speed of 1500r / min for 15min to obtain the feed composition.

[0035] Comparative example 1-4

[0036] The formula of the feed composition in the comparative example 1-4 of the present application is shown in Table 1, and the preparation method of the feed composition comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1, according to the formula in Table 1, the protease, phytase, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans are mixed in water at 40-45℃, and stirred at a speed of 1000r / min for 10min to obtain a liquid mixture;

[0038] S2, according to the formula in Table 1, the oil and the emulsifier are mixed uniformly, and then added into the liquid mixture in step S1, and homogenized at a speed of 1500r / min for 15min to obtain the feed composition.

[0039] Table 1

[0040]

[0041] Comparative example 5

[0042] The feed composition in the comparative example 5 is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the enzyme activity of the protease is 50000u / g, and the enzyme activity of the phytase is 3000u / g; the rest is the same as the embodiment 1.

[0043] The preparation method of the feed composition in the present comparative example is the same as the embodiment 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 6

[0045] The feed composition of Comparative Example 6 differs from Example 1 only in that the enzyme activity of the protease is 80000 u / g and the enzyme activity of the phytase is 8000 u / g; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0046] The feed composition of this comparative example is prepared in the same way as Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 7

[0048] The feed composition of Comparative Example 7 differs from Example 1 only in that the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 6 x 10 9 CFU / g and the viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 0.8 x 10 10 CFU / g; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0049] The feed composition of this comparative example is prepared in the same way as Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 8

[0051] The feed composition of Comparative Example 8 differs from Example 1 only in that the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2 x 10 10 CFU / g and the viable count of Bacillus coagulans is 3 x 10 10 CFU / g; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0052] The feed composition of this comparative example is prepared in the same way as Example 1.

[0053] Test Example

[0054] The following tests are carried out using the above Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8:

[0055] 1. Breeding Test

[0056] The test animals were grass carp, provided by a certain aquaculture company in Zhuhai. The test was divided into a blank group and test groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K (among them, Examples 1-3 correspond to test groups A-C, and Comparative Examples 1-8 correspond to test groups D-K, respectively). Each of the above-mentioned 12 groups had 3 replicates, and each replicate had 10 fish, for a total of 360 fish. The blank group was fed a grass carp basal diet, test group A was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Example 1, test group B was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Example 2, test group C was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Example 3, test group D was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 1, test group E was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 2, test group F was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 3, test group G was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 4, test group H was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 5, test group I was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 6, test group J was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 7, and test group K was fed a grass carp diet supplemented with the additive prepared according to the formula of Comparative Example 8. The test was carried out according to the normal grass carp breeding procedure, and the water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured once in the morning and once in the evening. The test lasted for 30 days.

[0057] The above-mentioned diets were obtained by spraying the feed composition onto the surface of the expanded feed using a rear spraying device.

[0058] The determination method of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in the water body was determined according to the reference literature

Zhang Xihui, et al. "Determination of typical odor substances in water by HS-SPME-GC method." China Water and Wastewater.

[0059] The determination method of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in fish meat was determined according to the reference literature

Wang Guochao, et al. "Determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in tilapia meat." Food Science 32.22 (2011): 4.

[0060] 2. The test results of the growth performance test are shown in Table 4.

[0061] 3. The test results of the fish meat quality test are shown in Table 5.

[0062] Table 2

[0063] Geosmin (ng / L) 2-Methylisoborneol (ng / L) Blank group 18.2 16.5 Test group A 9.5 9.2 Test group B 2.4 3.1 Test group C 8.2 9.4 Test group D 15.1 14.3 Test group E 13.2 12.1 Test group F 12.8 13.4 Test group G 11.4 12.5 Test group H 11.5 11.8 Test group I 10.4 10.2 Test group J 11.1 11.4 Test group K 10.6 11.2

[0064] Table 3

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] According to the results of Tables 2 and 3, the feed compositions of Examples 1-3 are sprayed onto the surface of the expanded feed and fed to fish, and the geosmin and 2-methylisopronanol in the water of the aquaculture and the geosmin and 2-methylisopronanol in the fish meat are both greatly reduced compared with the blank group, and the reduction of Example 2 is more obvious. Comparative Examples 1-4 lack one component of the feed composition, and the reduction of geosmin and 2-methylisopronanol is greatly reduced. Comparative Examples 5-8 have a number of live bacteria or enzyme activity of the fungi in the feed composition that is not within the range of the present application, and the reduction of geosmin and 2-methylisopronanol is greatly reduced.

[0068] Table 4

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] According to the results of Table 4, the feed compositions of Examples 1-3 are sprayed onto the surface of the expanded feed and fed to fish, and the growth of the fish is good, and the growth rate, feed coefficient, viscera-somatic index and liver-somatic index of the fish are all improved compared with the blank group, and the improvement of Example 2 is more obvious. Comparative Examples 1-4 lack one component of the feed composition, and the promotion of the growth performance of the fish is not as good as that of the examples. Comparative Examples 5-8 have a number of live bacteria or enzyme activity of the fungi in the feed composition that is not within the range of the present application, and the promotion of the growth performance of the fish is also poor.

[0072] Table 5

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] According to the results of Table 5, the feed compositions of Examples 1-3 are sprayed onto the surface of the expanded feed and fed to fish, and the meat quality of the fish is improved, and the crude protein content and crude fat content in the fish meat are both greatly improved compared with the blank group, the crude ash content in the fish is obviously reduced compared with the blank group, and the muscle fiber length and muscle fiber length of the fish meat are also improved, and the improvement of Example 2 is more obvious. Comparative Examples 1-4 lack one component of the feed composition, and the improvement of the fish meat is not as good as that of the examples. Comparative Examples 5-8 have a number of live bacteria or enzyme activity of the fungi in the feed composition that is not within the range of the present application, and the improvement of the fish meat is not as good as that of the examples.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are merely intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit the protection scope of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced, but not departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A soil odor-removing feed composition, characterized by comprising: The feed composition is composed of the following components by weight: 4-6 parts of protease, 1-3 parts of phytase, 5-8 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-8 parts of Bacillus coagulans, 40-60 parts of oil, 2-4 parts of emulsifier; The enzyme activity of the protease is 60000-80000u / g; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 4000-6000u / g; said Bacillus coagulans viable count is 8x10 9 -1.5x10 10 CFU / g; said Bacillus subtilis viable count is 1x10 10 -2x10 10 CFU / g.

2. The feed composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, Protease 5 parts, phytase 2 parts, Bacillus subtilis 6.5 parts, Bacillus coagulans 6.5 parts, oil 50 parts, emulsifier 3 parts.

3. The feed composition of claim 1, wherein, The enzyme activity of the protease is 70000u / g; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5000u / g.

4. The feed composition of claim 1, wherein, The number of viable Bacillus coagulans is 1.0 x 10 10 CFU / g; the number of viable Bacillus subtilis is 1.5 x 10 10 CFU / g.

5. The application of the feed composition of any one of claims 1-4 in the feed of freshwater fish for removing the muddy smell of the freshwater fish.

6. Use of the feed composition according to claim 5 in a feed for freshwater fish, characterized in that, The mass percentage content of the feed composition in the feed of freshwater fish is 1%-1.5%.

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