Cabinet assembly, cabinet identification system and method, and mobile smart container system

Abstract

A cabinet assembly, cabinet identification system and method, and mobile smart container system are disclosed. The cabinet assembly includes: a cabinet housing adapted to receive cabinets of different sizes; an audiovisual device; a cabinet including a latch hook, the cabinet defining a cabinet volume and movable relative to the cabinet housing to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position; an electromechanical latch mechanism coupled to the cabinet housing, the latch mechanism including a latch member that engages the latch hook in a locked position to retain the cabinet in the closed position and disengages from the latch hook in a released position; and a controller configured to: receive a wireless control signal; control movement of the latch member based at least in part on the wireless control signal to allow access to the cabinet volume; and output an alert via the audiovisual device after the movement of the latch member to identify the corresponding cabinet and cabinet housing and to identify that access to the cabinet volume was provided.

Description

[0001] This application is a continuation of application number 202080060497.X (International Application Number PCT / US2020 / 040001) filed on June 26, 2020, entitled “SECURE AND EFFICIENTLY DEPLOYABLE MEDICATION DISPENSING” which claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 62 / 867,841, filed on June 27, 2019, entitled “SECURE AND EFFICIENTLY DEPLOYABLE MEDICATION DISPENSING,” which claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 62 / 953,091, filed on December 23, 2019, entitled “SMART CONTAINER,” and claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 62 / 986,508, filed on March 6, 2020, entitled “SECURE BIN ARRAY ASSEMBLY,” each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0002] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0003] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 62 / 867,841, filed on June 27, 2019, entitled “SECURE AND EFFICIENTLY DEPLOYABLE MEDICATION DISPENSING,” which claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 62 / 953,091, filed on December 23, 2019, entitled “SMART CONTAINER,” and claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 62 / 986,508, filed on March 6, 2020, entitled “SECURE BIN ARRAY ASSEMBLY,” each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present disclosure relates generally to access control devices, and more particularly, to methods and systems for secure medication storage. BACKGROUND

[0005] To organize and dispense items in acute and non-acute medical settings, items are often stored in dispensing mechanisms or various bins. While bins can be readily available and owned in many cases, they lack intelligent functionality and management features. This presents several shortcomings to highly focused care facilities (e.g., doctor’s offices, pharmacy clinics, outpatient clinics, institutional medical offices (e.g., school nurse’s offices), hospitals, retail clinics, mobile clinics, etc.).

[0006] For example, without smart functionality and management features, inventory management must be performed manually, which is prone to human error. It can also be difficult to maintain effective drug and other medical inventory levels, which can result in program delays due to inventory shortages and waste or spoilage due to excess inventory. Further, it can be difficult to identify the location of particular items or bins for restocking or dispensing, particularly in large care environments that require tracking of many different items. Further, it can be difficult to safely transport sensitive items and verify that bins are intact, which presents security issues for controlled substances, high-value drugs, and other items susceptible to diversion. Accordingly, there is a need for improved item storage systems and methods, particularly for pharmaceuticals and other healthcare items used in care facilities. SUMMARY

[0007] According to various aspects of the subject technology, a method for providing efficient space utilization, secure transport and storage, inventory management, tamper resistance, and other smart functionality for a container is provided. The method can include providing a smart container that is attachable to a fixed mounting frame. The method can also include receiving an authentication request via a communication interface to access the smart container. The method can also include actuating an electromechanical latch to disengage a securing hook, thereby initiating mechanical movement of an access component to make an interior compartment accessible. The method can also include outputting an alert via an audiovisual element to identify the container. The method can also include confirming that the electromechanical latch has reengaged with the securing hook, thereby securing the interior compartment. The method can also include determining a change in local inventory. The method can also include updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store according to the change. Other aspects include corresponding systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for implementing the computer-implemented methods.

[0008] A bin assembly is also described herein. According to various aspects of the subject technology, the bin assembly includes a bin housing adapted to receive bins of different sizes and including a vertical mounting structure, a bin body, a latch mechanism, and a controller. The bin body defines a bin volume, wherein the bin body is movable relative to the bin housing to allow access to the bin volume in an open position and to prevent access to the bin volume in a closed position. The latch mechanism includes a latch member, wherein the latch member engages a latch hook in a locked position to retain the bin body in the closed position and the latch member is disengaged from the latch hook in a released position. The controller is configured to control movement of the latch member based at least in part on a wireless control signal.

[0009] According to various aspects of the subject technology, a cabinet assembly includes a cabinet shell adapted to receive a cabinet of varying dimensions, the cabinet shell including a vertical mounting structure; a cabinet body including a latching hook and defining a cabinet volume, wherein the cabinet body is movable relative to the cabinet shell to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and to prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position; a latching mechanism coupled to the cabinet shell, the latching mechanism including a latching member, wherein the latching member engages the latching hook in a locked position to retain the cabinet body in the closed position and the latching member is disengaged from the latching hook in a released position; and a controller configured to receive a wireless control signal and to control movement of the latching member based at least in part on the wireless control signal.

[0010] Additionally or alternatively, a cabinet array assembly includes a plurality of cabinet assemblies, wherein each cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies includes a cabinet shell adapted to receive a cabinet of varying dimensions, the cabinet shell including a vertical mounting structure; and a cabinet body including a latching hook and defining a cabinet volume, wherein the cabinet body is movable relative to the cabinet shell to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and to prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position, wherein each cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies is disposed horizontally adjacent or vertically adjacent to an adjacent cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies; a latching mechanism configured to engage the latching hook of a respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in a locked position to retain the cabinet body of the respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in the closed position and to disengage the latching hook of the respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in a released position; and a controller configured to receive a wireless control signal and to control movement of the latching member based at least in part on the wireless control signal.

[0011] According to various aspects of the subject technology, a method includes providing a cabinet assembly including a cabinet shell and a cabinet body movable relative to the cabinet shell, wherein the cabinet shell is adapted to receive a cabinet of varying dimensions; receiving a wireless control signal; latching the cabinet body to the cabinet shell in a locked position via a latching mechanism based at least in part on the wireless control signal to retain the cabinet body in a closed position; unlatching the cabinet body from the cabinet shell in a released position via the latching mechanism based at least in part on the wireless control signal; moving the cabinet body relative to the cabinet shell to an open position; and providing access to a cabinet volume defined within the cabinet body. Other aspects include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer program products for implementing the method.

[0012] Other aspects, features, and advantages of the subject technology will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description, from the drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] The various objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure can be more fully understood from the following detailed description, considered in connection with the following drawings, in which like references

[0014] Figure 1A A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0015] Figure 1B A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0016] Figure 1C A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0017] Figure 1D A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0018] Figure 1E A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0019] Figure 1F A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0020] Figure 1G A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0021] Figure 1H A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. Figure 1G A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0022] Figure 1I A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. Figure 1G A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0023] Figure 2A A perspective view of an exemplary smart container with a hinged lid that can be attached to a fixed mounting frame is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0024] Figure 2Bdepictions of exemplary network topologies from Figure 2A smart containers in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0025] Figure 3 depictions of various exemplary user interfaces for smart containers in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0026] Figure 4 depictions of exemplary processes for using smart containers to provide efficient space utilization, secure transport and storage, inventory management, tamper resistance, and other smart functionality in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0027] Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic system for providing smart containers for efficient space utilization, secure transport and storage, inventory management, tamper resistance, and other smart functionality in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0028] Figure 6 is a perspective view of a medication management system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 7A is a perspective view of a cabinet array assembly for use with the medication management system of Figure 6 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 7B is a perspective view of the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, with the cabinets in an open position.

[0031] Figure 8 is a perspective view of a cabinet for use with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 9 is a reverse perspective view of the cabinet of Figure 8 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 10A is a cutaway elevation view of the cabinet in Figure 8 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, in a closed position.

[0034] Figure 10B is a cutaway elevation view of the cabinet in Figure 8 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, in an open position.

[0035] Figure 11 is a cutaway perspective view of the cabinet for use with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 12A is a reverse perspective view of a cabinet used with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A

[0037] Figure 12B is a reverse perspective view of a cabinet array assembly used with the medication management system of FIG. 1, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 13 is a reverse perspective view of a cabinet array assembly used with the medication management system of Figure 6

[0039] Figure 14A is a perspective view of a cabinet used in Figure 7A

[0040] Figure 14B is a perspective view of a cabinet used in Figure 14A

[0041] Figure 14C is a perspective view of a cabinet used in Figure 14A

[0042] Figure 15A is a perspective view of a cabinet used with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A

[0043] Figure 15B is a perspective view of a cabinet used with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A

[0044] Figure 16A is a perspective view of a mounting frame used with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A

[0045] Figure 16B is a perspective view of a mounting frame used with the cabinet array assembly of Figure 7A

[0046] Figure 17A , 17B and 17C depict various implementations of a smart system 100 including an interactive storage device 130 and / or a smart lock, in accordance with some aspects of the subject technology.

[0047] Figure 18 ​​​​​​​​​FIGS. 1A and IB depict disclosed interactive storage devices arranged in a multi-level network hierarchy, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0048] Figure 19A , 19B and 19C depict a remote smart lock reader module configured to unlock a secure container comprising a cabinet door and / or a cabinet drawer for controlled access, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0049] Figure 20A , 20B and 20C depict an electromechanical latch mounted to an interior surface of a door or drawer using a bracket 1602, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0050] FIGS. 21A and 21B depict cutaway views of an example IOT (Internet of Things) smart lock reader module (SRM), in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0051] Figure 22 FIG. 22 depicts an example IOT SRM mounted on an exterior surface of a refrigerator, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology.

[0052] Figure 23 FIG. 23 depicts an example smart cabinet system for dispensing items, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] While aspects of the subject technology are described herein with reference to illustrative examples for particular applications, it should be understood that the subject technology is not limited to those particular assemblies. One skilled in the art, with access to the teachings provided herein, will recognize additional modifications, applications, and aspects within the scope of the subject technology and additional fields of use of the subject technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0054] Storage, transportation, and distribution of pharmaceuticals and other healthcare items requires robust inventory management to prevent spoilage of pharmaceuticals, reduce administrative costs, and minimize costly diversion, theft, and other losses. Various systems can exist to address various aspects of these needs. However, combining various different systems to address the multiple needs of pharmaceutical transportation can be expensive, cumbersome, and difficult or impossible to implement in practice.

[0055] The subject technology provides efficient space utilization, secure transport and storage, inventory management, tamper resistance, and other smart functionality via smart containers to address the numerous needs of medication and healthcare item dispensing in care facilities. As described herein, smart containers can be provided with various different access components that can be secured using electromechanical latches, such as hinged flip lids or sliding pop-up drawers. Upon user authentication, the latches can be actuated to provide access to the items for dispensing. Smart containers can be attached to other containers to form stacks or arrays, enabling efficient organization and space utilization. Further, smart containers can be used in mobile and fixed environments, which enables secure transport and storage of items. For example, smart containers can be attached to and detached from a fixed mounting frame, which can be located on a countertop, on a wall, within a cabinet, within a refrigerator, or within other locations. Tamper resistance features, such as deformable materials, tamper sensors, and breakaway hooks, can be provided to leave evidence to verify the integrity of the container and deter theft and diversion.

[0056] A user can utilize a remote device, such as a tablet, smartphone, desktop, or laptop, to request access to a particular smart container. In some implementations, the user can provide a credential, such as a smart card, or other device. When the request is authenticated, the smart container can identify itself to the user, such as by flashing a light emitting diode (LED), emitting a beeper sound, opening a spring-loaded lid, or releasing a spring-loaded drawer, or some combination or equivalent thereof. The smart container can proceed to actuate an electromechanical latch that causes the access component to provide access to an interior compartment containing items for dispensing. Access can be provided based on certain criteria, such as the user's location relative to the smart container (e.g., distance, proximity, etc.) and the access rights granted to the user (e.g., with respect to the contents of the smart container). According to various implementations, when access is provided, a hinged lid can flip outward to reveal the interior compartment, or a drawer can slide out. Sensors or interfaces can be provided to enable automated inventory management. Smart containers can communicate with each other to communicate inventory status, container location, environmental and activity event logs, and other sensor data that can be used for inventory tracking, machine learning analysis, and proactive loss prevention.

[0057] Smart functionality generally involves processing capabilities, and for smart containers, environmental monitoring and access control processing capabilities. A smart device can have on-board memory or other read-write storage capacity. The memory can contain one or more applications for implementing particular functionality. A particular smart device can also contain an operating system and / or user interface. Some smart functionality can include wireless communication. For example, a smart device can include a transceiver for communicating between the device and another entity, such as a wireless terminal or information reader, or another smart container, through electric and / or magnetic fields.

[0058] The smart container can include various interfaces and devices to support various smart functions such as environmental sensing, tamper detection, infrastructure and mesh networking, near field communication, location tracking, and user interfaces with audiovisual elements for inventory management, alerts, and user guidance. In this way, the smart container can connect and synchronize with a centralized backend server to support inventory tracking, item condition tracking, and data collection for machine learning, as described below in connection with Figure 2A and 2B are described in further detail.

[0059] Figure 1A An exemplary system 100 including interactive storage devices 130 to provide efficient space utilization, secure transport and storage, inventory management, tamper resistance, and other smart functions is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. The interactive storage devices 130 include a latch 126, an access component 131, a data bus 132, a processor 134, a memory 136, a communication interface 140, sensors 150, a button interface 160, an LED interface 162, a display interface 164, an actuator interface 166, an actuator 167, an identity access management (IAM) interface 168, an audio interface 170, a power supply 180, a power harvester 182, and a secure cryptographic processor 184. According to various implementations, the interactive storage devices 130 can include or be implemented as electronic security containers that include or are associated with an access controller to operate the electronic security container. For example, the access controller can be attached to the container (e.g., on the front of the container, adjacent to the lid 131. In this regard, the access controller and the container can be referred to together as a single interactive storage device 130. According to various aspects, the access controller can be referred to individually, for example, as a smart cabinet controller or a smart suitcase controller or a smart card reader.

[0060] In some implementations, the latch 126, the hook 133, and the access component 131 (or lid) can be included in the container portion 210, while the buttons 161, the LED interface 162, and the display 165 can be implemented in the smart controller portion. The latch 126 includes a lock status 128. The access component 131 includes a hook 133. The memory 136 includes a non-volatile data store 137. The sensors 150 include a load sensor 151, a temperature and humidity sensor 152, a shock and vibration sensor 154, a tamper sensor 156, and a location sensor 158. The audio interface 170 includes a microphone 172 and a speaker 174. The interactive storage device 130 is attachable to and detachable from a mounting frame 120. The components included in the interactive storage device 130 are exemplary, and other implementations can include different configurations of components according to use case requirements, power consumption targets, care facility settings, and price point constraints.

[0061] The interactive storage device 130 can include a processor 134, which can correspond to any type of general purpose or special purpose processor, controller, integrated circuit, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), system on chip, or similar device, and can include hard coded circuit elements, firmware, software, or any combination thereof to implement one or more of the particular smart container features described herein. The processor 134 can communicate with other components of the interactive storage device 130 via a data bus 132, which can include one or more communication buses, such as parallel or serial buses.

[0062] The interactive storage device 130 can include a memory 136, which can include volatile working memory as well as non-volatile data storage 137 for long term data storage. For example, the non-volatile data storage 137 can include flash memory or other memory that retains data after the power 180 is unavailable. The non-volatile data storage 137 can include several data logs that record, for example, user authentication events, periodic sensor data, and a local inventory of the interactive storage device 130.

[0063] The communication interface 140 can include one or more wireless radios to communicate with other devices and / or other smart containers. For example, the communication interface 140 can include one or more radios, scanners, or other devices that comply with Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, contactless smart cards, radio frequency identification, 1D and 2D barcodes, and other protocols.

[0064] The sensors 150 can include one or more sensors to record, for example, environmental conditions and evidence related to attempts to transfer or tamper with the contents of the interactive storage device 130. For example, a load sensor 151 can include a weighing sensor that can measure the mass of the items contained in the interactive storage device 130, which can be used to estimate changes in the quantity of items. Temperature and humidity sensors 152 can record internal and / or external environmental temperature and humidity. Impact and vibration sensors 154 can help determine whether a transfer attempt has occurred or whether the contents of the interactive storage device 130 have been damaged during shipping and handling. For example, measurements from the impact and vibration sensors 154 can be monitored in real-time or audited periodically for impact or vibration measurements that correspond to a detection threshold. If a measurement or series of measurements correspond to the threshold, the interactive storage device 130 (or other monitoring devices in communication therewith) can adjust the interactive storage device 130 or other elements in the environment.

[0065] Tamper sensors 156 can determine whether a breach of the case has occurred, e.g., whether a retaining screw, container, cap, or other component of the interactive storage device 130 has been opened, unsealed, drilled, deformed, or otherwise tampered with. For example, mechanical switches, tamper-resistant films, photodiodes with reflective material, infrared proximity sensors, and other devices can be used. Location sensors 158 can include, for example, global positioning system (GPS) radios to enable location history tracking. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, location can be determined using triangulation, e.g., using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth triangulation with known networks and / or hubs and / or beacons. In conjunction with the secure cryptographic processor 184, the sensors 150 can securely log real-time sensor data to comply with requirements of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The sensors 150 can include other sensors not shown, e.g., light sensors to monitor the status of items sensitive to light exposure.

[0066] Location information generated by the location sensors 158 can be monitored in real-time or audited periodically to identify deviations from expected locations or routes of the interactive storage device 130. If a measurement or series of measurements differs from the expected location(s), the interactive storage device 130 (or other monitoring devices in communication therewith) can adjust the interactive storage device 130 or other elements in the environment. Adjustments can include adjusting a power state of the controller or lock 126, sending control messages to the actuator interface 166 to adjust the lock state 128, activating an interface of the controller to provide a perceptible indicator of the detected state, and the like.

[0067] In some embodiments, one or more sensors 150 can be used to identify when a user is located near the interactive storage device 130. For example, an infrared proximity sensor can be directed away from the container to detect an area in front of the interactive storage device 130. When a user is detected within the area, the interactive storage device 130 can adjust one or more functions, e.g., enter a different power mode, activate a wireless communication or display, or enable one or more button interfaces. In this way, the interactive storage device 130 can conserve resources, e.g., battery, memory, or network bandwidth. Detection can be based on a duration of time. By including time, for a clinician who is merely passing by and can only be in the area for a short time, the device can avoid waking up or adjusting state. A presence in the area for longer than a threshold duration can indicate an intent to interact with the interactive storage device 130. In this case, a presence in the area for at least the threshold period of time can result in activation, power mode change, communication interface (e.g., wireless transceiver, Bluetooth radio) activation, or other adjustment of the interactive storage device 130. Further, in some embodiments, proximity of an authorized user can automatically trigger a request to unlock and open the smart container.

[0068] The button interface 160 can implement user input and selection on the user interface. For example, the display interface 164 can display a user interface instructing the user to press a particular button to update inventory. In some embodiments, the buttons can be labeled with their function, such as a T or minus sign to indicate removal of an item from the smart container, and an R or plus sign to indicate receipt of an item into the smart container. Alternatively or additionally, the display interface 164 can provide a touch screen panel to accept user input. In some embodiments, user input can be received from a remote device such as a tablet or smartphone via the communication interface 140.

[0069] The light emitting diode (LED) interface 162 can drive one or more multi-color LEDs, addressable RGB (ARGB) LEDs, or organic LEDs to provide quick and recognizable status indications. For example, the LEDs can be driven at different brightness, flashing patterns, and colors to indicate various states of the interactive storage device 130. In one configuration, a solid red LED can indicate that the sensor 150 has recorded a potentially unsafe environmental condition of the contents of the interactive storage device 130, such as a temperature outside of a safe range for a medication, while a solid green LED can indicate that the sensor 150 has recorded an environmental condition within a safe parameter. A flashing green LED can indicate that an authorized user has submitted valid credentials to unlock the latch 126 to access the contents of the interactive storage device 130. A flashing red LED can indicate that the tamper sensor 156 and / or the shock and vibration sensor 154 have recorded an intrusion attempt, such as if the detected deformation, vibration, or shock values exceed a predetermined threshold. A flashing yellow LED can indicate that the power source 180 has exceeded a low battery threshold and needs to be replaced. A flashing white LED can visually identify the interactive storage device 130 to a user, which allows the user to easily identify the interactive storage device 130 associated with a requested item in a pharmacy, storage room, or other facility. In some embodiments, a unique LED color can be assigned to each user to enable multiple users to identify the smart containers simultaneously. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the LED color and flashing pattern can be detected by a handheld scanner or other device to assist with inventory tracking and management.

[0070] The display interface 164 can drive the display to show various user interfaces that enable a user to query the inventory of the interactive storage device 130, update the local inventory of the interactive storage device 130 by adding or removing items, query the status of items, display the remaining battery life, and perform other management and status query operations. The user interfaces can utilize text and graphics, such as icons, animations, and other elements. In some embodiments, these user interfaces can additionally or alternatively be presented on a remote device, such as a tablet or smartphone. The display interface 164 can drive an electronic ink (e-ink) display, a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD), an OLED, or other display types. Information can be presented on the display interface 164 in human-readable form (e.g., letters, numbers, or images) or machine-readable form (e.g., barcodes, quick read codes, standardized or custom scan code forms).

[0071] The actuator interface 166 can trigger the actuator 167 to actuate the latch 126, thereby changing the lock state 128 from open to closed and vice versa. For example, the latch 126 can correspond to an electromechanical lock or an electromechanical latch. The actuator interface 166 can also query the latch 126 to determine the lock state 128. Triggering the actuator 167 can also cause movement of the access component 131 to provide access to the interior compartment. For example, unlocking the latch 126 can disengage the hook 133, which in turn allows the spring to cause movement of the access component 131, as further described below in connection with FIG. 2. The hook 133 can correspond to a fixed or retractable hook that can be coupled to or decoupled from the latch 126. In some embodiments, a manual lock can be provided to manually lock and unlock the latch 126 without using the actuator interface 166. In this case, any manual locking or unlocking actions can be logged within the access log in the non-volatile data store 137. Manual locking can be useful to provide access to the contents of the interactive storage device 130 during a failure or when the power supply 180 is depleted and no replacement is readily available. Figure 1F 、 Figure 1H and Figure 1G further described below. The hook 133 can correspond to a fixed or retractable hook that can be coupled to or decoupled from the latch 126. In some embodiments, a manual lock can be provided to manually lock and unlock the latch 126 without using the actuator interface 166. In this case, any manual locking or unlocking actions can be logged within the access log in the non-volatile data store 137. Manual locking can be useful to provide access to the contents of the interactive storage device 130 during a failure or when the power supply 180 is depleted and no replacement is readily available.

[0072] Identity access management (IAM) interface 168 can include one or more devices to enable a user to provide credentials for user authentication. For example, IAM interface 168 can include one or more biometric scanners, such as a fingerprint sensor, an iris scanner, an electrocardiogram (ECG) reader (e.g., a smart watch), and a depth camera for facial recognition. IAM interface 168 can also include a smart card reader or other device to read a contactless smart card or other unique identifier or token. In some embodiments, IAM interface 168 can use communication interface 140 to utilize a biometric scanner or reader present on a remote device, such as a tablet or smartphone. Thus, IAM interface 168 can receive user credentials that can be verified in conjunction with secure cryptographic processor 184.

[0073] When multiple authentication methods are available in IAM interface 168, then a particular authentication method can be automatically selected for authentication. For example, authentication methods can be categorized according to security strength, and the method with the highest security strength can be preferred for use. In some embodiments, a user can select a preferred authentication method. In addition, a superuser or user with elevated privileges can manually authenticate a user, such as if the user misplaced his credentials.

[0074] Audio interface 170 can include one or more audio devices, such as microphone 172 and speaker 174. Microphone 172 can enable the use of voice commands in place of button interface 160 or display interface 164. Speaker 174 can enable the issuance of audio prompts, feedback, and alarms. Speaker 174 can include a piezoelectric speaker, a dynamic speaker, or other type of speaker. For example, different tones can be emitted from a piezoelectric speaker to indicate different states or user prompts.

[0075] Power source 180 provides electrical energy to the various components of interactive storage device 130. Power source 180 can include a non-rechargeable battery, a rechargeable battery, a capacitor or supercapacitor, or other energy storage device. Power source 180 can be user-accessible and replaceable. To replenish or recharge power source 180, power harvester 182 can receive electrical power from an external source. For example, power harvester 182 can receive wireless power through an inductive coil or RF source. Power harvester 182 can also receive power through a mechanical action, such as via a piezoelectric transducer connected to a button of button interface 160, or via electromagnetic induction caused by an actuation motion of latch 126. Power harvester 182 can also receive power through a direct wired connection, such as via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) charging cable, an AC-DC charger or DC-DC charger that can plug into an external battery pack or wall outlet power source. In some embodiments, power harvester 182 can receive power through mounting frame 120, which can function as a power docking station. In the event that power source 180 is depleted, lock state 128 can remain in its current state, whether closed or open, until power source 180 is replaced or the manual lock is engaged when available.

[0076] To extend the run time of power source 180, various power management strategies can be used. For example, when no activity is expected, interactive storage device 130 can be placed into a low-power or sleep state. When activity such as user interaction, periodic network updates, or sensor logging is necessary, interactive storage device 130 can wake up to a normal operating mode and return to a low-power or sleep state once the activity is complete. Estimation of low activity can be based on network activity, user preferences, work schedules, or other factors. Interactive storage device 130 can also wake up in response to an activation word or phrase via microphone 172, a button press on button interface 160, or a touch input from display interface 164. In some embodiments, sensor 150 can include an occupancy sensor, which can be used to determine an estimated activity level. In some embodiments, microphone 172 can function as an occupancy sensor. In some embodiments, power management can be based on machine learning algorithms, as described in further detail below in Figure 2A

[0077] ​In some embodiments, the power management strategy can include utilizing machine learning to generate power profiles. For example, each smart suitcase controller can record usage data in the non-volatile data store 137, which can then be collected by a remote server and processed by one or more machine learning algorithms to determine power management profiles for optimizing power consumption. For example, the power management profiles can define daily time periods in which user interaction is infrequent, and the processor 134 can use the profiles to transition the processor 134 and other components to low-power idle or sleep modes during these daily time periods.

[0078] The secure cryptographic processor 184 can correspond to a trusted platform module (TPM) chip that stores public and private cryptographic keys used to encrypt and decrypt data. For example, the public keys can include public keys of key pairs generated by authorized users, which allows each user to submit credentials encrypted by the corresponding private key for decryption by the secure cryptographic processor 184. Similarly, a private key specific to the interactive storage device 130 can be used to encrypt data prior to transmission, storage, and exposure (e.g., to the outside world). In this way, data transmitted over the data bus 132 and stored in the memory 136, including the non-volatile data store 137, can be securely encrypted to prevent third parties from stealing and modifying. Encrypted data can also be more securely transmitted to the outside world, including over potentially unsecured and untrusted networks.

[0079] In some embodiments, the components of the interactive storage device 130 and the mounting frame 120 can be hardened to resist extreme temperatures. For example, the components of the interactive storage device 130 and the mounting frame 120 can be configured to be operable in a refrigerated environment. In this way, the interactive storage device 130 and the mounting frame 120 can be stored in a refrigerator, freezer, or other cold storage.

[0080] In some embodiments, a remote device, such as a tablet, smartphone, laptop, or other device, can be used to interface with the interactive storage device 130. For example, the remote device can include an optical scanner (which can read 1D or 2D barcodes) and / or LED blinking patterns to receive data from the interactive storage device 130. The scanner can be used, for example, to identify the interactive storage device 130 for loading of medication into the interactive storage device 130. For example, the interactive storage device 130 can include an embedded unique identifier or serial number that can be transmitted using a barcode or LED. The remote device can contact a remote server, such as a pharmacy server, to determine, for example, the type and quantity of medication to add to the interactive storage device 130. The pharmacy and local inventory can also be automatically updated according to the expected changes in the contents of the interactive storage device 130. In some embodiments, the containers can already be loaded with medication, and the user only needs to identify the correct container. For example, as described above, LED lights can blink on specific smart containers for the user to identify. Similar procedures can be used to dispense medication from the interactive storage device 130.

[0081] The remote device can execute a native application downloaded from an app store, a company network, a website, or other distribution method. Alternatively, the remote device can execute a remote, cloud-based application or software as a service (SaaS) application. The application can allow for communication with smart containers, such as the interactive storage device 130. For example, the application can utilize a radio that supports various protocols, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, near field communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, contactless smart cards, radio frequency identification, etc.

[0082] When the remote device is connected to a network, for example via Wi-Fi or cellular connection, the interactive storage device 130 can utilize the network to communicate and synchronize with a remote server, as described in further detail below in connection with FIG. 5. Alternatively, when such a connection is not present, the interactive storage device 130 can utilize a mobile mesh network to connect to a remote server using other smart containers as nodes. In addition, the interactive storage device 130 can act as a wireless repeater to provide network connectivity to other smart devices inside and outside of the interactive storage device 130. In some embodiments, a cellular modem can be included in the interactive storage device 130 to provide a direct cellular connection to a remote server. However, to reduce embodiment complexity and data network costs, it is preferable to omit the cellular modem. Figure 2A and Figure 2B Further described in detail below. Alternatively, when such a connection is not present, the interactive storage device 130 can utilize a mobile mesh network to connect to a remote server using other smart containers as nodes. In addition, the interactive storage device 130 can act as a wireless repeater to provide network connectivity to other smart devices inside and outside of the interactive storage device 130. In some embodiments, a cellular modem can be included in the interactive storage device 130 to provide a direct cellular connection to a remote server. However, to reduce embodiment complexity and data network costs, it is preferable to omit the cellular modem.

[0083] Reference is now made to a block diagram overview of the system 100, which can be helpful in viewing various perspectives of the components of the system 100. Figure 1BA perspective view of an interactive storage device 130 with a hinged cover or access component 131A, according to various aspects of the subject matter, is depicted. The interactive storage device 130 is attachable to a mounting frame 120A. The interactive storage device 130 includes a latch 126, an access component 131A, a hook 133A, a button 161, an LED 163, and a display 165.

[0084] refer to Figure 1A Various interfaces can drive or control the components of the interactive storage device 130. For example, button interface 160 can receive user input from button 161. LED interface 162 can drive LED 163 to indicate various statuses and alarms. Display interface 164 can drive display 165, which can display status messages and various user interfaces for managing the interactive storage device 130 and its contents. Actuator interface 166 can instruct actuator 167 to actuate latch 126, causing hook 133A to disengage from latch 126. For example, when hook 133A disengages from latch 126, access component 131A can automatically swing outward due to rotation along the hinge caused by spring tension in the hinge. The angle of outward movement can be limited by features such as a plastic stop. The specific components shown in the interactive storage device 130 are exemplary, and any configuration of the components can be used as required by the usage.

[0085] Interactive storage device 130 can be attached to mounting frame 120A, which can be placed on any surface, such as a worktop, cabinet, table, or shelf. In some embodiments, mounting frame 120A can be permanently attached to the surface, for example, by threaded fasteners or other fasteners. Interactive storage device 130 can also be detached from mounting frame 120A to allow for the organization and transport of interactive storage device 130. In some embodiments, interactive storage device 130 can be locked to mounting frame 120A to prevent unauthorized removal. For example, a locking latch can be located near the rear of mounting frame 120A, engaging a mating feature on interactive storage device 130. The locking latch can be controlled in a manner similar to latch 126, or it can be manually controlled using a key or other access control.

[0086] Figure 1C A perspective view depicts smart containers attached to other containers to form stacks or arrays, according to various aspects of the technology of this subject. For example, such as Figure 1CAs shown, interactive storage device 130B can be stacked on top of interactive storage device 130A and can be locked together using similar features as described above in conjunction with mounting frame 120A. Smart containers can also be configured to stack with existing off-the-shelf containers that do not have smart functionality. For example, interactive storage device 130C can be stacked on top of cabinet 129. In some embodiments, multiple smart containers can be interlocked into an array, such as smart container array 192. Smart container array 192 can be further attached to mounting frame 120B to provide secure and space-saving item distribution. For example, mounting frame 120B can be mounted to a wall or inside a cabinet. In some embodiments, mounting frame 120B can swing outward on hinges or tracks to provide convenient access to the rear of smart container array 192. Mounting frame 120B can serve as a docking station to provide power, network connectivity, and other resources to each smart container within smart container array 192. In this way, batteries and other components within each smart container can be stored for use during transport and power outages.

[0087] Although Figure 1C The smart containers shown can be depicted as having approximately uniform dimensions, but other implementations can allow smart containers of various sizes to be arranged in a similar manner for stacking and arraying. For example, smart containers can be expanded to larger dimensions that are multiples of the width and height of a standard smart container, and these larger smart containers can interlock with containers of different sizes. For example, a double-width container can support two standard-width containers stacked on top of each other.

[0088] Figure 1D A perspective sectional view of a hinged cover or access component 131A according to various aspects of the subject matter is depicted, the hinged cover or access component having a spring-loaded retractable fastening hook or hook 133B. Access component 131A includes a recess 138, when the hook 133B engages with a latch 126 (…). Figure 1D When disengaged (not shown), hook 133B retracts into recess 138 via spring 135, corresponding to lock state 128A in the unlocked state. The user can close the smart container by pushing hook 133 to engage latch 126, corresponding to lock state 128B in the locked state. Therefore, spring 135 can transition from an uncompressed state to a compressed state. Providing a retractable fastening hook advantageously allows access to a substantially flat bottom or inner surface of part 131A without protrusions. Therefore, the user can more easily add or remove items without the risk of items or hands getting stuck on hook 133B.

[0089] While the access component 131 A is shown as being opaque, some embodiments can include a semi-transparent or transparent window portion to allow a user to identify the contents of the smart container at a glance. The window can be semi-transparent to protect sensitive data (e.g., medication labels) from being read at will by unauthorized users. In some embodiments, the display 165 can continuously display a textual or graphical depiction of the contents and an estimated quantity to further assist the user in identifying the contents at a glance. In some embodiments, the window can include a variable transparency window, such as a transparent light emitting diode (LED) window. The transparency can be controlled by a processor included in or communicatively coupled to the interactive storage device 130B. The transparency can be adjusted based on the time of day (e.g., the window allows viewing during the length of time the room is used, but outside of these times the window reduces transparency), detection of conditions in the vicinity of the interactive storage device 130B (e.g., detection of a clinician within a threshold distance of the interactive storage device 130B who is authorized to put or take items into or out of the interactive storage device 130B; ambient light levels that adjust the glare or visibility of the interactive storage device 130B; or the access status of another container in the vicinity of the interactive storage device 130B, as workflows that include accessing one container can often follow with accessing related containers), or to convey the status or location of the interactive storage device 130B (e.g., flashing to direct a clinician to the container; changing color or other graphical representation to indicate a need for service (e.g., latch failure, network failure, need for cleaning, low inventory), adjusting the graphical representation to indicate other operational status of the smart container (e.g., low battery, network connection status, latch release, latch engagement, etc.). Such a window can be used to present or display other information or graphical interfaces, such as those described in this application.

[0090] Figure 1E Side views of an interactive storage device 130A using non-retractable fastening hooks or hooks 133 A and an interactive storage device 130B using retractable fastening hooks or hooks 133B are depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. As shown, the interactive storage device 130B provides unobstructed access to the interior compartment of the interactive storage device 130B by retracting the hooks 133B into the recess 138. On the other hand, the interactive storage device 130A uses fewer parts, thereby reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs. In addition, the closing operation can be simplified, as the user can push anywhere on the access component 131 A, rather than specifically pushing the hooks 133B into the latches 126. Thus, retractable or non-retractable fastening hooks can be used depending on the specific use case requirements. Figure 1E

[0091] Figure 1F ​A cross-sectional view of an interactive storage device 130A is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. The cross-sectional view of the interactive storage device 130A can be taken from a plane intersecting the center of the interactive storage device 130A, where the plane can be parallel to the sides of the interactive storage device 130A. The interactive storage device 130 includes a latch 126, an access component 131A, a load sensor 151, a power source 180, and a ramp 186. The access component 131A includes a hook 133A. In some embodiments, the power source 180 can be externally accessible, such as via a battery door compartment to allow for easy replacement of the power source 180. In some embodiments, a supplemental power source, such as a coin cell battery or supercapacitor, can be provided, such as to continuously power a real-time clock or other elements of the interactive storage device 130A when the power source 180 is depleted or replaced.

[0092] As Figure 1F shown, the load sensor 151 can be provided to measure the mass of the items stored within the interior compartment of the interactive storage device 130A. This can be used, for example, to estimate the number of items stored in the interactive storage device 130A. In addition, a sloped ramp or ramp 186 can be provided to facilitate extraction and storage of items. As described above, the access component 131A can automatically swing outward via a spring-loaded hinge after the hook 133A disengages from the latch 126. To close the interactive storage device 130A, a user can push the access component 131A downward, as indicated by the arrow, such that the hook 133A engages with the latch 126. Portions of the hook 133A can be configured to break off or fall into the latch 126 when a user attempts to forcibly disengage the hook 133A from the latch 126. This provides evidence of an attempted transfer and further renders the latch 126 inoperable. The intrusion attempt can also be logged and transmitted to a back-end server, which allows an institution to proactively monitor and prevent transfers.

[0093] Figure 1G A perspective view of an interactive storage device 130D with a sliding drawer or access component 131B is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. The interactive storage device 130D includes a housing 190 and an access component 131B. The access component 131B includes a hook 133A, a drawer guide 191, a window 193, and a handle 194.

[0094] In Figure 1GIn this configuration, hook 133A can disengage from a corresponding latch, thereby providing access to the internal compartment of access member 131B. For example, a user can grip handle 194 to pull access member 131B out of housing 190. Drawer guides 191 can be positioned on one or more sides of access member 131B to guide movement of access member 131B within housing 190. Matching rails can be positioned inside housing 190. Alternatively or additionally, rails may be included within drawer guides 191. Window 193 can be transparent or translucent to provide a view of the internal contents.

[0095] Figure 1H This describes various aspects of the technology based on this subject. Figure 1G A cross-sectional view of the interactive storage device 130D. The interactive storage device 130D includes a latch 126, a hook 133A, a spring 135, an LED 163, and a power supply 180.

[0096] exist Figure 1H In this configuration, hook 133A can be engaged with latch 126 to secure the internal compartment of access member 131B. Spring 135 can be configured to allow access member 131B to slide out automatically when hook 133A disengages from latch 126. In some embodiments, a motor or other device can be used to finely control the movement of access member 131B. For example, access member 131B can be moved to expose a specific depth of the internal compartment. This allows the internal compartment to be divided into multiple areas for storing different types of items. LED 163 can provide status or indication to the user and can be coupled to a light tube or other device to allow LED 163 to be visible from window 193.

[0097] Figure 1I This describes various aspects of the technology based on this subject. Figure 1G A perspective view of the interactive storage device 130D, with the access member 131B at its maximum extension. The housing 190 may include an internal stop feature to stop the access member 131B at its maximum extension, thereby preventing the access member 131B from accidentally dislodging from the housing 190. The stop may be configured to allow the access member 131B to tilt downward when at its maximum extension, which allows the user to more easily observe the entire internal compartment.

[0098] Referring now to the overview of smart containers may be helpful in observing the operation of multiple smart containers in the example network environment. Figure 2A A system 200 is described that uses smart containers 230A to 230G in networks 218 and 219 to provide automated inventory management of items by utilizing inventory tracking 215, item status tracking 216 and machine learning 217, according to various aspects of the technology in this subject matter. Figure 2AThe care facility 210, the server 214, the network 218, and the mobile mesh network 219 are included. The care facility 210 includes a patient room 211, a supply room 212, a smart container 230C, and a smart container 230D. The patient room 211 includes a smart container 230A, a smart container 230B, and a hub 290A. The supply room 212 includes a smart container 230E, a smart container 230F, a smart container 230G, and a hub 290B. The server 214 includes inventory tracking 215, item status tracking 216, and machine learning 217. Regarding Figure 2A and Figure 2B Each smart container 230A-230G can correspond to an interactive storage device 130 or 130A-130D in Figure 1A-1H

[0099] The server 214 can use the inventory tracking 215 to track the inventory of each unique, identifiable smart container. The server 214 can connect to the smart containers 230A-230G via the network 218 and the hubs 290A and 290B. The hubs 290A and 290B can connect to the infrastructure network of the care facility 210, which accesses a public network, such as the network 218, which can include the Internet. In some embodiments, a cellular router, hub, gateway, modem, or other network device can be provided at the hubs 290A and 290B or in each individual smart container 230A-230G to provide connectivity to the network 218. In this way, smart containers can be deployed immediately without the need to potentially costly and time-consuming integration into existing information technology (IT) infrastructure at the care facility 210.

[0100] ​A user can use a remote device (e.g., a tablet or smartphone) to request identification of a container storing a particular item (e.g., a medication or medical supply). The smart container can then identify itself to the user by outputting to an audiovisual element (e.g., by flashing an LED, emitting a sound, or a combination thereof). The type of output can vary depending on the detected proximity to the remote device, e.g., a beeping sound when the remote device / user is far away and a flashing LED when the remote device / user is close. For example, a user can use a remote device to request identification of an alcohol wipe. The remote device can contact the server 214, which in turn can query the inventory tracking 215 to find the container containing the alcohol wipe closest to the user. For example, the user's location can be probed using GPS or triangulated based on the proximity of the hub 290B to the remote device. The inventory tracking 215 can identify the alcohol wipe as being within the smart containers 230D and 230G and can thus identify the smart container 230G as being associated with the container closest to the user. As a result, the server 214 can instruct the smart container 230G to enter an alert or identification mode, in which the LED flashes white to direct the user to the container containing the alcohol wipe. In some embodiments, as described above, the LED color can be specific to the user to allow for easy identification of multiple simultaneous identifications.

[0101] As shown in the system 200, each smart container 230A-230G can connect to the network 218 using one of the hubs 290A or 290B, which can have infrastructure or cellular connections to the network 218. As the smart containers 230A-230G can be moved from one room to another, the smart containers 230A-230G can potentially lose connection to the hubs 290A and 290B. For example, the smart containers 230C and 230D can be too far away to connect to the hubs 290A or 290B. In this case, the smart containers 230A-230G can provide a mobile mesh network 219, in which each smart container 230A-230G can act as a mesh node hop to facilitate connection to the hubs 290A and 290B. When a route to the server 214 is not immediately available, the smart containers can operate in an offline mode, in which inventory management is handled locally until a connection route can be synchronized with the server 214 when a connection route is available.

[0102] In some embodiments, each smart container can also track the locations and inventories of other nodes in the local cache. In this way, the smart containers 230A-230G can query the mobile mesh network 219 for the location of an item, rather than relying on the server 214. Thus, each node in the mobile mesh network 219 can periodically broadcast and transmit their own location and inventory to all other nodes, which allows each node to store a local cache of node locations and inventories. In this way, each node can quickly determine from the local cache the closest node where a requested item can be present. Since the local cache can be outdated, a node can verify whether the requested item is actually still present by sending a query to the closest node using the mobile mesh network 219. The node can respond to the query with an indication of whether the item is present in the local inventory as well as the location of the node. Once the closest node is determined, the location of the closest node can be displayed on a map, such as on the display 165 or on a display of a remote device. If the requested item is not present, the node can respond by providing the last authorized user and time of access, if available.

[0103] In this way, the devices connected to the mobile mesh network 219 can cooperatively determine that a requested item is contained within a particular smart container. Thus, in some embodiments, an identification request can be propagated through the mobile mesh network 219 to reach the correct node without the aid of the server 214, and an information request can similarly be propagated to the correct node and forward the response to the original requesting node. In other embodiments, the server 214 can instruct the identified smart container to enter an alert or identification mode, where the LED flashes a white color or a user-specific color to direct the user to the smart container. The remote device can also display a map to direct the user to the smart container. Furthermore, any smart devices between the user and the destination can be instructed to illuminate the path.

[0104] At the server 214, the inventory tracking 215, item condition tracking 216, and machine learning 217 can be queried and updated according to the status information provided by each smart container. For example, the inventory tracking 215, item condition tracking 216, and machine learning 217 can track the location, quantity, and condition of various pharmaceuticals and healthcare items within the smart containers 230A-230G. The inventory tracking 215 can be updated to reflect items added to or removed from the containers. The item condition tracking 216 can be updated according to the varying environmental conditions experienced by each smart container. The machine learning 217 can record device interactions and usage data for each smart container 230A-230G. With reference to Figure 1A The information stored in the server 214 can be synchronized with the data logs extracted from the non-volatile data storage 137.

[0105] At least a portion of the smart container usage data can be processed by one or more machine learning algorithms to determine a power management profile, which can be pushed back to the smart containers 230A-230G for optimization of power consumption. For example, the power management profile can define daily time periods in which user interaction is infrequent. The smart containers 230A-230G can use this profile to transition the processors and other components to low-power idle or sleep mode during these daily time periods.

[0106] Each smart container can also support real-time status reporting when a network connection route is available. For example, a client can query the server 214 for the status of a particular smart container. Assuming the server 214 can establish a network route to communicate with the requested smart container, the requested status can be queried from the smart container, such as environmental conditions, location history, or local inventory status, and the smart container can respond by sending an encrypted message containing the requested status.

[0107] Upon arrival at a destination, such as a patient room 211, the smart containers 230A and 230B can be organized onto a shelf, such as by attaching to a matching mounting frame as described above, and remain substantially stationary until restocking is required. Since the smart containers 230A and 230B have built-in displays 165 as shown in Figure 1B Figure 1A , the displays can continuously display the item descriptions and item quantities contained in the associated containers. Referring to Figure 1A , by using low-power display technology for the display interface 164, such as e-ink, the battery life of the power source 180 can be extended. Thus, the user can quickly identify the contents of each container at a glance without having to actually open the container and carefully inspect the contents. Additionally or alternatively, a transparent or translucent window can allow for quick identification of the items and remaining quantities. Thus, the inventory levels of each cabinet and the battery power can be easily perceived, and a flashing LED or other audiovisual alert can further draw attention to low inventory, low battery power, or deteriorating item conditions, allowing for early remedial action before problems arise. Thus, the items can be kept in good inventory and functioning for smooth operation of the care facility 210.

[0108] When multiple cabinets are stacked or arranged together or behind each other, then multiple cabinets can be leveraged to help identify a target container. For example, as described above, a user can request to identify the location of a particular item. Once the target container having the particular item is identified, multiple smart containers can be used to provide a visible path to the target container having the requested item. For example, the containers in the same stack, the same array, or along the path to the target container can use different light flashing patterns or colors to distinguish themselves from the target container.

[0109] Figure 2B FIG. 18 depicts an exemplary network topology diagram of smart containers 290A-290G from Figure 2A FIG. 19, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. Network 218 can correspond to a public network such as the Internet, and server 214 can be connected to hubs 290A and 290B. Mobile mesh network 219 can correspond to a point-to-point mobile mesh network in which each individual node or smart container 230A-230G can physically move according to radio reception and disconnect and reconnect to each other to form a mesh network. Smart containers 230A-230B can be directly connected to hub 290A, while smart container 230C can be connected to hub 290A using smart container 230B as an intermediary node. Similarly, smart containers 230E-230G can be directly connected to hub 290B, while smart container 230D can be connected to hub 290B using smart container 230E as an intermediary node. Thus, nodes can act as master nodes (e.g., server 214), slave nodes (e.g., smart containers 230A, 230C, 230D, 230F, and 230G), or hybrid master / slave nodes (e.g., smart containers 230B, 230E, and hubs 290A, 290B).

[0110] Figure 3 FIG. 20 depicts various exemplary user interfaces of a smart container, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. With reference to Figure 3 , displays 365A, 365B, and 365C can correspond to display 165 of Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some implementations, displays 365A-365C can be displayed on a remote device such as a tablet, smartphone, laptop, or desktop computer.

[0111] Display 365A displays a status screen, which can be displayed by default when no user interaction is occurring. As shown by display 365A, the status screen can include several fields of information such as a description of the contents of the item, the quantity, the battery level, the network status, and user interface instructions for Figure 1B buttons 161. With reference to Figure 1A , the description and quantity can be updated according to the local inventory stored in non-volatile data store 137. The battery level can be updated according to the estimated power detected for power source 180. The network status can be updated according to the availability of connectable networks via communication interface 140. The user interface instructions can vary according to the user interface context. While displays 365A-365C are shown as textual representations, it should be understood that graphical representations such as icons, bars, charts, animations, and other elements can be shown.

[0112] As noted above, in some implementations, the smart container can be hardened to withstand refrigerated or frozen temperatures. In this case, a temperature reading can also be provided, as shown by display 365B. A warning message or alarm can be provided when the temperature reading exceeds a safe temperature range for the contents.

[0113] In some embodiments, a load cell or other sensor can be used to automatically estimate the quantity of items contained in each smart container. In this case, the user interface elements to adjust the quantity of items, such as button 161, can be simplified or omitted. Accordingly, the status screen can also be simplified to display basic information, such as the item description and quantity, in large font, as shown by display 365C. In this way, the contents of the smart container can be easily discerned at a glance from a distance.

[0114] Figure 4 An example process 400 is depicted that uses smart containers to provide efficient space utilization, secure transport and storage, inventory management, tamper resistance, and other smart functionality in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. For explanatory purposes, various blocks of the example process 400 are described herein with reference to Figure 1A-3 and the various components and / or processes described herein. One or more blocks of the process 400 can be implemented, for example, by a computing device (including a processor) and other components used by the device. In some implementations, one or more blocks can be implemented separately from other blocks and by one or more different processors or devices. Moreover, for explanatory purposes, various blocks of the example process 400 are described as occurring in series or in linear fashion. However, multiple blocks of the example process 400 can occur in parallel. Further, blocks of the example process 400 need not occur in the order shown and / or one or more blocks of the example process 400 need not be performed.

[0115] In the depicted example flowchart, a smart container is provided that is attachable to a mounting frame, the smart container including a compartment having a plurality of walls and an access component (411). Referring to Figure 1B , this can correspond to providing an interactive storage device 130 that is attachable to the mounting frame 120A, where the interactive storage device 130 includes a compartment having a plurality of walls (e.g., on six sides) and an access component 131A. As noted above, the interactive storage device 130 can also be attached to other containers of various sizes to form stacks and arrays, such as the smart container array 192 that is attachable to the mounting frame 120B.

[0116] The process 400 can continue with receiving, via a communication interface, an authentication request to access the compartment of the smart container (412). Referring to Figure 1A and Figure 2AThis can correspond to the processor 134 receiving, via the communication interface 140, an authentication request for accessing the interactive storage device 130. As described above, the IAM interface 168 can utilize the communication interface 140 to receive and authenticate user credentials, such as a unique identifier, a biometric identifier, or some other token that can be received from a remote device, a smart card, or some other device.

[0117] The processor 134 can validate or authenticate the user credentials. For example, with reference to Figure 1A the processor 134 can utilize the secure cryptographic processor 184 to verify that the user credentials are valid against an encrypted database of authorized users. Alternatively, with reference to Figure 2A the processor 134 can utilize the communication interface 140 to verify the user credentials against the server 214. In some embodiments, the verification can further depend on the temperature status or other logged data from the sensors 150. For example, if the temperature exceeds a safe threshold range, then user access can be limited to users with a higher level of authority. In this way, potentially unsafe or spoiled medication can be kept securely locked until appropriate personnel can inspect the contents of the container.

[0118] In response to receiving the authentication request, the processor 134 can proceed to actuate the electromechanical latch to disengage the securing hook, thereby initiating mechanical movement of the access component to make the compartment accessible (413). For example, with reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1F the processor 134 can utilize the actuator interface 166 to trigger the actuator 167 to open the latch 126. Once the lock status 128 is set to open, the latch 126 can disengage from the hook 133A, causing the access component 131A to swing outward by rotating along the hinge. Access to the compartment of the interactive storage device 130A is thereby provided. Similarly, with reference to Figure 1A , Figure 1G and Figure 1H once the lock status 128 is set to open, the latch 126 can disengage from the hook 133A, causing the access component 131B to move outward from the housing 190 due to the stored energy in the spring 135. Alternatively, an electric motor can be used to move the access component 131B. Access to the compartment of the access component 131B is thereby provided.

[0119] Upon actuation of the electromechanical latch, the processor 134 can proceed to output an alert via the audiovisual element to identify the container (414). For example, with reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, the processor 134 can output a flashing illumination via the LEDs 163 using the LED interface 162 and / or an audible tone via the piezoelectric or dynamic speaker using the audio interface 170. As described above, the color, intensity, and flashing pattern of the LEDs 163 can be adjusted according to the user associated with the access request.

[0120] The processor 134 can continue to confirm that the electromechanical latch has re-engaged with the securing hook, thereby securing the compartment (415). For example, referring to Figure 1F , the user can push the access component 131 A down until the hook 133 A re-engages with the latch 126. Similarly, referring to Figure 1G and Figure 1H , the user can push the access component 131 B until the hook 133 A re-engages with the latch 126. Referring to Figure 1A , the processor 134 can use the actuator interface 166 to query the actuator 167 and verify that the lock status 128 of the latch 126 now corresponds to a locked state.

[0121] Upon confirmation, the processor 134 can continue to determine a change in the local inventory (416). For example, referring to Figure 1B , the user can utilize the button 161 to adjust the quantity of items in the local inventory. In some embodiments, the items can include RFID tags, which can be detected using the sensor 150. In some embodiments, the processor 134 can be communicatively coupled with a sensor that provides a measurement for determining a change in the local inventory. For example, a load sensor 151 can be provided. From the expected inventory, a theoretical weight can be generated and compared to an actual measured weight. If the theoretical weight after the expected inventory change corresponds to the actual weight, the determination can be confirmed. If the determination is not confirmed, the processor 134 can generate an alert message. The alert message can be displayed via the display 165 or transmitted via another device for presentation.

[0122] Further, upon determining a change in the local inventory, the processor 134 can send an inventory notification to the server 214 via the communication interface 140 when the quantity of the local inventory is below a predetermined threshold level. For example, the predetermined threshold level can be set to 30% or 50% of a full container. In this way, a restocking can be prepared before the inventory is depleted.

[0123] The processor 134 can continue to update the local inventory in the non-volatile data storage according to the change (417). For example, based on the determined change, the local inventory stored in the non-volatile data storage 137 can be updated with the corresponding increased or decreased quantity.

[0124] In some embodiments, the processor 134 can continue to synchronize the local inventory with a remote server via the communication interface. For example, referring to Figure 1A and Figure 2A The processor 134 can synchronize the local inventory stored in the non-volatile data storage 137 with the inventory tracking 215 stored on the server 214 via the communication interface 140. As described above, the local inventory can be received from the smart devices within the interactive storage 130 connected to the wireless repeater network provided by the communication interface 140. In some cases, this synchronization can be deferred until a stable network route to the server 214 is available. As described above, the smart containers can form a mobile mesh network 219 with other smart containers to improve network availability. The current location of the smart containers can also be communicated to the server 214 based on triangulation using hubs or other location tracking methods.

[0125] In this way, the inventory tracking 215 can be automatically updated with the current location and inventory of each smart container, enabling detailed insight into medical supply restocking, loss prevention, and other management tasks. Similarly, the item condition tracking 216 can be updated to track environmental conditions (e.g., whether a safe temperature range is maintained) and item quality, and the machine learning 217 can be updated with smart container usage statistics to provide training data generation power management profiles.

[0126] Many aspects of the example process 400 described above, as well as related features and applications, can also be implemented as a software process that is specified, recorded, and / or stored as a set of instructions on a computer-readable storage medium (also referred to as computer-readable media), and that can be automatically executed (e.g., without user intervention). When these instructions are executed by one or more processing units (e.g., one or more processors, processor cores, or other processing units), they cause the processing unit(s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, RAM chips, hard drives, EPROMs, etc. Computer- readable media do not include carrier waves and electronic signals over wire or wireless communication links.

[0127] The term "software" means, and is used in this context in the same manner as, firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage, which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, various software aspects of the subject disclosure can be implemented as a subset of a larger program in some embodiments, while retaining the distinct features of the subject disclosure. In some embodiments, various software aspects can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that collectively implement the software aspects described herein is within the scope of the subject disclosure. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs.

[0128] A computer program, which can also be referred to or referred to as a program, software, a software application, an app, a script, or code, can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, object, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program may, but need not, correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and are interconnected by a communication network.

[0129] Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic system 500 for providing intelligent containers for efficient space utilization, secure transportation and storage, inventory management, tamper proofing, and other intelligent functions, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. The electronic system 500 can be a computing device for executing software associated with the components and processes provided by Figure 1A-4 the subject technology, in conjunction with the disclosure relating to Figure 1A-4 the subject technology, in conjunction with the disclosure relating to

[0130] The electronic system 500 can include various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. In the depicted example, the electronic system 500 includes a bus 508, processing logic 512, a system memory 504, a read only memory (ROM) 510, a permanent storage device 502, an input device interface 514, an output device interface 506, and one or more network interfaces 516. In some implementations, the electronic system 500 can include or be integrated with other computing devices or circuitry for operating the various components and processes described previously.

[0131] Bus 508 collectively represents all system, peripheral and chipset buses that communicatively connect the various internal devices of the electronic system 500. For instance, bus 508 communicatively connects the (multiple) processing unit(s) 512 with the ROM 510, the system memory 504, and the permanent storage device 502.

[0132] The (multiple) processing unit(s) 512 fetches from these different memory units the instructions to be executed and the data to be processed, in order to execute the processes of the subject disclosure. In different embodiments, the (multiple) processing unit(s) can be a single processor or a multi-core processor.

[0133] The ROM 510 stores static data and instructions that are needed by the (multiple) processing unit(s) 512 and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device 502, on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system 500 is off. Some embodiments of the subject disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 502.

[0134] Some embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash drive and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 502. Like the permanent storage device 502, the system memory 504 is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike the permanent storage device 502, the system memory 504 is a volatile read-and-write memory, such as a random access memory. The system memory 504 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at runtime. In some embodiments, the processes of the subject disclosure are stored in the system memory 504, the permanent storage device 502, and / or the ROM 510. From these different memory units, the (multiple) processing unit(s) 512 fetches the instructions to be executed and the data to be processed, in order to execute the processes of some embodiments.

[0135] The bus 508 also connects to the input and output device interfaces 514 and 506. The input device interface 514 enables the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. Input devices used with the input device interface 514 include, for example, alphanumeric keyboards and the like. The output device interface 506 enables, for example, the display of images generated by the electronic system 500. Output devices used with the output device interface 506 include, for example, printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD). Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that functions as both input and output devices.

[0136] In addition, bus 508 couples electronic system 500 to a network (not shown) through network interface 516. Network interface 516 can include, e.g., a wireless access point (e.g., Bluetooth or WiFi) or radio circuitry for connecting to a wireless access point. Network interface 516 can also include hardware, e.g., Ethernet hardware, for connecting the computer to a portion of a computer network, e.g., a local area network ("LAN"), a wide area network ("WAN"), a wireless LAN, or an intranet, or a network of networks, e.g., the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system 500 can be used in conjunction with the subject disclosure.

[0137] The functions described above can be implemented in computer software, firmware or hardware. The techniques can be implemented using one or more computer program products. Programmable processors and computers can be included in or packaged as mobile devices. The processes and logic flows can be performed by one or more programmable processors and by one or more programmable logic circuitry. General and special purpose computing devices and storage devices can be interconnected through communication networks.

[0138] Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in machine-readable or computer-readable media (also referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media). Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM), recordable compact discs (CD-R), rewritable compact discs (CD-RW), read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM), a variety of recordable / rewritable DVD ( e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic discs and / or drives, and / or optical discs and drives, nonvolatile memory, including but not limited to board-mounted solid-state memory, and / or compact flash drives. The computer program product can be tangibly embodied in an information carrier in a machine using electrical, magnetic, or optical signals, or a combination of the three, to create the machine-readable data storage medium. The computer program product can be implemented using loading mechanisms independent of processing systems, such as with utility, utility-like, or platform software including installation management software.

[0139] Although the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, some embodiments are performed by one or more integrated circuits, for example application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself.

[0140] As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For purposes of this specification, the terms “display” or “displaying” mean displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium” and “computer readable media” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.

[0141] To provide for interaction with a user, implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. In addition, a computer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receiving documents from a device that is used by the user; for example, by sending web pages to a web browser on a user’s client device in response to requests received from the web browser.

[0142] Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front-end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject matter described in this specification, or any combination of one or more such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), an inter-network (e.g., the Internet), and peer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks).

[0143] The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and can interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In some embodiments, a server transmits data (e.g., an HTML page) to a client device (e.g., for purposes of displaying data to and receiving user input from a user interacting with the client device). Data generated at the client device (e.g., a result of the user interaction) can be received from the client device at the server.

[0144] As will be further described, the disclosed system 100 can include a cabinet assembly that includes a latching mechanism that can lock and unlock the cabinet for secure storage. The latching member can engage and disengage a latching hook of the cabinet body to control access to the cabinet volume. An access controller can control when the cabinet is locked or unlocked based on one or more user authentications, detected environmental conditions, or control messages from another device. By controlling access to the cabinet volume, inventory (e.g., medication) can be securely stored. The following description of the cabinet assembly is to be understood as using examples only and not limiting the scope of the claims. Various aspects of the disclosed cabinet assembly can be used in any application where secure storage of inventory is desired.

[0145] Accordingly, in accordance with the present disclosure, it is advantageous to provide a medication storage device as described herein that allows for space-efficient and secure storage of regulated products, such as medication. The disclosed medication storage device provides a plurality of cabinets that allow for configurable and secure storage of regulated products.

[0146] Secure modular cabinet array

[0147] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a compact smart cabinet array system that enables a secure and reliable medication management solution, with a focus on optimizing existing user space and resources (“compact cabinet” or “compact”). In accordance with various embodiments, the disclosed system includes configurable smart cabinets (different sizes), wireless connectivity, and a housing that securely holds the cabinet array to a wall. The system and method can also include a plurality of user interfaces, and actuators that unlock the compact cabinet with secure authorization from a server. The system and method can further implement machine learning (ML) inference and data analytics to optimize power consumption on the compact cabinet based on its perception of the space environment.

[0148] Figure 6 is a perspective view of a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Reference is made to Figure 6, the medication management system 10 provides secure storage and retrieval of items. As shown, the medication management system 10 includes a cabinet array assembly 200 having a plurality of connected cabinets 210 (e.g., Figure 1A The cabinet array assembly 200 can include a plurality of cabinets 210 of different sizes, as described herein.

[0149] In the depicted example, the cabinets 210 can secure storage of items, such as medications or other regulated products. The cabinets 210 can be locked to prevent access. In some embodiments, a selected cabinet 210 can be unlocked or otherwise released upon user authentication.

[0150] Optionally, the cabinets 210 can include a display, such as an e-ink display. The display can show information about the contents of the respective cabinet 210. In some embodiments, the cabinets 210 can present a barcode via the display or other output device associated with the cabinet 210 to provide information to a clinician or other personnel. The information can include the medication name, dosage, and / or expiration date. In some embodiments, the display can show a tracking status of the relevant medication, showing information such as “loading docked” or “in transit.” The display for a cabinet or for a cabinet array can be controlled by a microcontroller included in the housing. The display can be controlled by a microcontroller specific to the cabinet. In some implementations, control can be implemented using control messages from a remote server, such as an inventory management server.

[0151] In some embodiments, the cabinet array assembly 200 can include a status indicator 106. The status indicator 106 can display a variety of colors at various intensities and flashing patterns to provide a status of the medication management system 10. As can be appreciated, the status indicator 106 can provide different visual indications based on the identified user and workflow. For example, (i) during a medication loading workflow, the status indicator 106 can provide guidance to the user, (ii) if a medication within a cabinet 210 is expired, the status indicator 106 can flash red, (iii) during a medication audit, the status indicator 106 can provide identifying information, and (iv) if the battery level of the medication management system 10 is low, the status indicator 106 can provide a low battery signal. In some embodiments, the status indicator 106 includes one or more LEDs driven by a FET-based drive circuit.

[0152] Optionally, the medication management system 10 can include a microphone interface circuit to allow a user to interface with the medication management system 10 using a “wake-up” word or voice prompt. In some embodiments, the medication management system 10 includes a piezoelectric buzzer to provide audio feedback to the user.

[0153] In some embodiments, the components of the medication management system 10 can communicate with other components of the medication management system 10 or other systems. For example, the cabinets 210 can communicate with each other, and the cabinet array assembly 200 can communicate with other cabinet array assemblies 200 to share inventory information, etc. In the depicted example, the cabinet array assembly 200 can communicate wirelessly with the control panel 12. The control panel 12 can be used to select or identify medications within the medication management system 10. The control panel 12 can identify a cabinet 210 containing a desired medication and information about the medication. Optionally, the control panel 12 can be used for authentication purposes.

[0154] As shown, the cabinet array assembly 200 can be mounted to a wall surface to conserve space. In the depicted example, the cabinets 210 are interconnected and mounted to a wall via a mounting frame 202. The mounting frame 202 can be fixed vertically to the wall and can receive the interconnected cabinets 210 forming the cabinet array assembly 200. The cabinet array assembly 200 can be locked or latched to the mounting frame 202 with a mounting mechanism 204. The mounting mechanism 204 can be a mechanical or electromechanical latch to engage with a portion of the cabinet array assembly 200. For example, the mounting mechanism 204 can include one or more latching members or levers (not shown) that extend from the mounting frame 202 to releasably engage with the cabinet array assembly 200. In some embodiments, the mounting mechanism 104 includes one or more latching members or levers (not shown) that extend from the cabinet array assembly 200 to releasably engage with the mounting frame 202. By removing the cabinet array assembly 200, a user can access the rear of the cabinet array assembly 200. Optionally, a user can manually release the cabinets 210 using a manual release mechanism provided at the rear of the cabinet array assembly 200.

[0155] In some embodiments, the cabinet array assembly 200 can be mounted as a countertop application. As can be appreciated, the medication management system 10 can be located in any suitable environment, such as a medication room, a nursing station, and / or a patient bedside. In some embodiments, the medication management system 10 can withstand and can be used in a refrigerated environment.

[0156] Figure 7A is a perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 200 for use with a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 200 for use with a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 7B is a perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 200 for use with a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 7A is a perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 200 for use with a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, with a cabinet 210c in an open position. Reference is made to Figure 7A and Figure 7B , the cabinet array assembly 200 is a modular assembly of cabinets 210a, 210b, and 210c that allows for configurable storage of medications and other items. As Figure 7BAs shown, the selected cabinet body 214c can be opened to expose the volume of the cabinet body 214c and access or replace items therein.

[0157] In the depicted example, the cabinets 210a, 210b, and 210c can be connected to one another in a modular fashion to form the cabinet array assembly 200. The arrangement of the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c can form a generally rectangular shape or any other shape or pattern. In some embodiments, the respective cabinet enclosures 212a, 212b, 212c of the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c have features or fasteners extending therethrough that allow the cabinets 210a, 210b, and 210c to be interconnected. Alternatively, the cabinet enclosures 212a, 212b, 212c can have connection features on each side, top, and bottom of the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c.

[0158] In some embodiments, the connection features of the cabinet enclosures 212a, 212b, 212c can be disposed toward the rear of the cabinet enclosures 212a, 212b, 212c, as described herein. Further, the hardware for controlling the operation (locking and unlocking) of the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c can be disposed toward the rear of the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c.

[0159] In the depicted example, an authentication device, such as a smart card reader 208, can be used to direct and control access to the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c by locking or unlocking the appropriate cabinet. In some embodiments, personal computers, tablets, smartphones, bar code readers, and / or biometric readers can be used to access the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c of the cabinet array assembly 200.

[0160] During operation, the authentication device can provide a variety of user authentication methods (biometrics, smart card, password, bar code, ECG-based wearable, mobile phone, etc.), allowing the user to select one or more authentication methods. The selection can be a user-specific configuration, a site-specific configuration (e.g., all users at a given site will be authenticated according to the selected method(s)), or a system-wide configuration (e.g., all users of the system will be authenticated according to the selected method(s)). The authentication device can communicate with remote devices using any suitable personal area network (PAN) protocol (e.g., 802.15.4), Bluetooth Low Energy, or other short-range compatible wireless communication protocol. In some embodiments, the use of a PAN protocol can avoid integration with existing networks, simplifying installation.

[0161] Optionally, a remote authentication method can be implemented to allow a super user to grant remote authorization (e.g., if a user loses their badge or smartphone). In any embodiment, generated or detected data can be forwarded to a "remote" device or location, where "remote" refers to a location or device other than the location or device where the program is executed. For example, a remote location can be another location (e.g., an office, a laboratory, etc.) in the same city, another location in a different city, another location in a different state, another location in a different country, etc. Thus, when one item is indicated to be "remote" from another item, it means that the two items can be in the same room but separated, or at least in different rooms or different buildings, and can be at least one mile, ten miles, or at least one hundred miles apart. "Communicating" information refers to transmitting data representing that information as an electrical signal over a suitable communication channel (e.g., a private or public network). "Forwarding" an item refers to any means of transporting that item from one location to the next, whether by physically transporting the item or by other means (where possible), and includes, at least in the case of data, physically transporting a medium carrying the data or transmitting the data, as possible. Examples of a communication medium include a wireless or infrared transmission channel, and a network connection to another computing or networking device, as well as the Internet or information carried on a website, among others.

[0162] A user's authenticated identity can be transmitted to a server to request authorization to access a particular medication or item stored in a corresponding cabinet 210a, 210b, 210c. Upon receiving authentication, a cabinet 210a, 210b, 210c can be identified and / or unlocked for access. In some embodiments, authentication can be performed in an offline mode, allowing a user to proceed without a network connection. In some embodiments, an authentication device can provide an audible signal (e.g., from a piezoelectric buzzer) to indicate registration of a user action.

[0163] Optionally, sensors can be used within the cabinets 210a, 210b, 210c to identify the quantity of contents within each cabinet 210a, 210b, 210c. In some embodiments, beacons can be used for real-time and / or offline asset tracking. Other sensors can be used for tamper detection of the cabinet array assembly 200.

[0164] Sensors included in the cabinet may include one or more sensors to record, for example, environmental conditions and evidence relating to attempts to move or tamper with the contents of the cabinet. For example, load sensors may include weighing sensors that can measure the mass of items contained in the cabinet, which can be used to estimate changes in the quantity of items. Temperature and humidity sensors may record internal and / or external ambient temperature and humidity. Shock and vibration sensors may help identify unauthorized attempts to forcibly access the cabinet. Tamper sensors may determine whether intrusion has occurred or whether the cabinet has been removed from a clamp, for example, whether threaded parts, containers, lids, or other parts of the cabinet have been opened, unsealed, drilled, deformed, or otherwise tampered with. For example, mechanical switches, tamper-proof films, photodiodes with reflective materials, infrared proximity sensors, and other devices may be used. Position sensors may include, for example, a Global Positioning System (GPS) radio device for location history tracking. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, triangulation may be used to determine location, for example, by using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth triangulation with the help of known networks and / or hubs.

[0165] Figure 8 Based on all aspects of this disclosure and Figure 2A A perspective view of a cabinet 210a used in conjunction with the cabinet array assembly 200. As will be understood, cabinet 210a is an example of a representative cabinet that can be used with the cabinet array assembly 200. As will be understood, the cabinet array assembly 200 can utilize single-width (Fig. 14), double-width (...) Figure 15A ) and / or three-width ( Figure 15B Similar cabinets. The housing 212a may include mounting features along the outer surface of the housing 212a that engage or otherwise connect with similar or mating features on the adjacent cabinet 210a.

[0166] In the depicted example, the cabinet body 214a is movable relative to the outer casing 212a. During operation, the cabinet body 214a can be in a closed position ( Figure 10A ) and opening position ( Figure 10B The cabinet body 214a moves between the two housings. In the closed position, the housing 212a prevents access to the volume defined by the cabinet body 214a. In the open position, the cabinet body 214a moves out of the housing 212a to allow access to the volume defined by the cabinet body 214a.

[0167] As shown in the figure, the cabinet body 214a can pivot or tilt relative to the outer casing 212a to allow user access to medications. In some embodiments, the cabinet body 214a is connected to the outer casing 212a via a pivot pin 216a extending from the cabinet body 214a. The pivot pin 216a may extend through a through-hole 213a formed through the outer casing 212a. In some embodiments, the pivot pin 216a and the through-hole 213a may be located near the front portion of the cabinet 210a, thereby allowing the cabinet body 214a to pivot or rotate forward to allow access to the interior of the cabinet body 214a.

[0168] Optionally, the cabinet body 214a may be biased toward an open or closed position by a biasing member or a spring 218a. In some embodiments, the spring 218a may bias the cabinet body 214a forward relative to the housing 212a to the open position. The spring 218a may be a rotational spring disposed about a pivot pin 216a. As described herein, when the cabinet 210a is unlocked or unlocked, the spring 218a may rotate the cabinet body 214a to the open position to visually indicate the cabinet 210a to be accessed. The cabinet 210a may also include a rotation stop to prevent excessive rotation of the cabinet body 214a.

[0169] In some embodiments, the cabinet body 214a may include a window 220a. The window 220a allows a user to identify the contents of the cabinet body 214a before accessing the cabinet volume. In some embodiments, the window 220a may be transparent. Alternatively, the window 220a may be semi-transparent, which allows a user to confirm that the cabinet body 214a contains items, but obscures the details of the items.

[0170] In some embodiments, cabinet 210a may include tracking or identification features such as barcodes. Cabinet 210a may also include tamper-proof features.

[0171] In some implementations... Figure 9 Based on all aspects of this disclosure Figure 8 Reverse perspective view of cabinet 210a. Figure 10A Based on all aspects of this disclosure Figure 8 Sectional elevation view of cabinet 210a in the closed position. Figure 10B Based on all aspects of this disclosure Figure 8 Sectional elevation view of cabinet 210a in the open position. (Reference) Figure 9 , 10A And 10B, cabinet 210a includes a latching mechanism to control access to cabinet 210a.

[0172] In the depicted example, an electromechanical (EM) latch 228a can latch or unlatch the cabinet body 214a, locking or unlocking the cabinet 210a for access. The EM latch 228a can be mounted to the housing 212a. As shown, the EM latch 228a can be mounted to a rear portion of the housing 212a. In some embodiments, the EM latch 228a can engage with a portion of the cabinet body 214a to prevent movement of the cabinet body 214a (lock the cabinet 210a, as shown) and protect the contents within the cabinet body 214a. Figure 10A

[0173] In some embodiments, the cabinet body 214a includes a latch hook 226a extending from the cabinet body 214a. The latch hook 226a can be received into the EM latch 228a. Optionally, the latch hook 226a can be engaged by a latching member within the EM latch 228a to lock the cabinet 210a.

[0174] Referring to Figure 10B To release or unlock the cabinet 210a, the EM latch 228a can release the engaged portion of the cabinet body 214a to allow movement of the cabinet body 214a (unlock the cabinet 210a). Optionally, the latch hook 226a can disengage from the latching member within the EM latch 228a. In some embodiments, the operation of the EM latch 228a, including movement of the latching member, can be electromechanically actuated.

[0175] Upon release or unlocking of the cabinet 210a, the cabinet body 214a can rotate or tilt outward to allow access to the contents within the cabinet 210a. Opening the cabinet body 214a at a maximum open angle allows the user to access the contents without obstruction. Optionally, the cabinet body 214a can be biased toward the open position upon release of the EM latch 228a. After accessing the contents of the cabinet 210a, the cabinet body 214a can be rotated or pivoted back toward the closed position. When the cabinet body 214a moves back to the closed position, a portion of the cabinet body 214a (e.g., the latch hook 226a) can connect and engage with the EM latch 228a, thereby relocking the cabinet 210a.

[0176] In the depicted example, the operation of the EM latch 228a is controlled by a controller 222a. During operation, the controller 222a can drive an actuator within the EM latch 228a and determine the current state of the EM latch 228a and the cabinet 210a. In some embodiments, the controller 222a can have on-board memory to digitally store information about the contents and / or location information of the cabinet 210a.

[0177] ​Optionally, the controller 222a can be operatively coupled with sensors to determine the status of the cabinet 210a and / or the contents within the cabinet 210a. For example, the cabinet 210a can include a sensor to determine the open / closed status of the cabinet body 214a. In some embodiments, the cabinet 210a can include a tamper detection sensor utilizing optical or electromagnetic sensors. Optionally, a load cell, photodiode, acoustic sensor, and / or RF sensor can be utilized to determine the status or quantity of contents within the cabinet 210a.

[0178] In some embodiments, the EM latch 228a and / or the controller 222a can be battery 224a operated or otherwise powered by a power source. The power source can include a distributed power source, such as a rechargeable battery, super capacitor, or wireless power transmitter / receiver, or a centralized power source, such as a centralized large capacity battery, external power supply, Ethernet power, and / or wireless power transmitter / receiver. As can be appreciated, the centralized power source can be connected to the cabinet array assembly 200 with a docking or wired physical connector to redistribute power to the cabinet 210a. Wireless power transmission can include near field (such as NFC, Qi, resonance, and induction) or far field (such as WiFi, UHF). Wireless charging schemes can be multiplexed when only one cabinet 210a within the assembly 200 is accessed at a given time. In some embodiments, a guide light or mechanical feature is used to dock the cabinet 210a for wireless charging.

[0179] Optionally, energy saving methods can be used, such as placing the device in a low power state and periodically waking up to enable radio communication, and checking in with a gateway or hub for updates or to perform transactions. Environmental sensors, keyword activation, and / or user behavior and usage factors can be used to wake the device from sleep mode. Additionally, the device can utilize energy harvesting. Energy harvesting can include harvesting from actuator motion and / or wireless energy from RF sources.

[0180] In some embodiments, the electronics of the cabinet 210a are modular and associated with each cabinet. In some embodiments, the electronics of the cabinet 210a are centralized.

[0181] Optionally, the cabinet 210a can include tamper resistant features or interlock devices. For example, the cabinet 210a can have overlapping features to prevent an unauthorized user from accessing the contents of an adjacent cabinet after gaining access to one cabinet. Portions of the cabinet 210a can deform to indicate evidence of tampering. For example, the latch hook 226a can be configured to break within the EM latch hook 228a if excessive force is applied, rendering the cabinet 210a unusable.

[0182] Figure 11 is in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure Figure 7A A cross-sectional perspective view of cabinet 310a used with cabinet array assembly 200. In the depicted example, cabinet 310a includes features similar to those of cabinet 210a. Therefore, similar features are referred to by similar reference numerals.

[0183] As shown in the figure, the cabinet 310a includes a handle 321a. The handle 321a can be formed as a recessed area in the cabinet body 214a. As can be understood, the cabinet 310a can be used without a bias spring, because the user can use the handle 321a to rotate or pivot the cabinet body 214a away from the outer casing 212a.

[0184] Optionally, cabinet 310a may include one or more visual indicators to indicate cabinet 310a to the user. The visual indicators may be LEDs to visually indicate the contents and the location of cabinet 310a.

[0185] Figure 12A Based on all aspects of this disclosure and Figure 7A Reverse perspective view of cabinet 410a used together with cabinet array components. Figure 12B Based on all aspects of this disclosure and Figure 1A and Figure 6 A reverse perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 400 used in conjunction with a drug management system 10. In the depicted example, cabinet array assembly 400 includes features similar to those of cabinet array assembly 200, and cabinet 410a includes features similar to those of cabinet 210a. Therefore, similar features are referred to by similar reference numerals.

[0186] In the depicted example, the cabinet array assembly 400 can utilize common latching mechanisms 428 and 429 to latch or unlock multiple cabinets 410, while allowing each cabinet 410 to be locked or unlocked individually. In some embodiments, the common latching mechanisms 428, 429 are mounted to a common portion of the cabinet array assembly 400.

[0187] As shown in the figure, each cabinet 410 is redundantly locked by a vertical common latch mechanism 428 and a horizontal common latch mechanism 429. As described herein, when one or both of the vertical common latch mechanism 428 and the horizontal common latch mechanism 429 are engaged with the corresponding cabinet body 414, the cabinet 410 can be held or locked in the closed position.

[0188] To unlock a selected cabinet 410, the corresponding vertical common latching mechanism 428 and the corresponding horizontal common latching mechanism 429 must be disengaged to allow the user to unlock and / or open the cabinet 410. As can be appreciated, other cabinets 410 that are horizontally aligned with the cabinet 410 to be opened remain locked by other vertical common latching mechanisms 428, while other cabinets 410 that are vertically aligned with the cabinet 410 to be opened remain locked by other horizontal common latching mechanisms 429.

[0189] Referring to Figure 12A For example, the cabinet body 414a can include a vertical latching hook 426a and a horizontal latching hook 427a that each extend from the cabinet body 414a. The vertical latching hook 426a can engage with the mating latching portion of the vertical common latching mechanism 428 to lock the cabinet 410a. Similarly, the horizontal latching hook 427a can engage with the mating latching portion of the horizontal common latching mechanism 429 to lock the cabinet 410a. As can be appreciated, the locking action provided by the common latching mechanisms 428 and 429 is redundant, meaning that the cabinet 410a remains locked if at least one of the common latching mechanisms 428 or 429 is engaged or locked with the cabinet body 414a.

[0190] To release or unlock the cabinet 410a, the common latching mechanisms 428 and 429 can be disengaged from the cabinet body 414a to allow the cabinet body 414a to move (unlocking the cabinet 410a). In the depicted example, the vertical common latching mechanism 428 can be rotated to disengage from the vertical latching hook 426a. Further, the horizontal common latching mechanism 429 can be rotated to disengage from the horizontal latching hook 427a. As can be appreciated, both common latching mechanisms 428 and 429 must be disengaged from the vertical latching hook 426a and the horizontal latching hook 427a to unlock the cabinet 410a. After the cabinet body 414a moves back to the closed position, at least one of the common latching mechanisms 428, 429 can be rotated to engage with the corresponding vertical latching hook 426a and / or horizontal latching hook 427a.

[0191] Advantageously, the use of the common latching mechanisms 428 and 429 allows for the independent locking or unlocking of the cabinets 410 using a reduced number of components.

[0192] Figure 13 is a reverse perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 200, 310a for use with a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a reverse perspective view of a cabinet array assembly 200, 310a for use with a medication management system 10 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In the depicted example, the cabinet array assembly can include one or more latches 728. Each respective latch 528 of each respective cabinet 510 is generally controlled by a central or common latch controller module 725.

[0193] The latch controller module 725 can be connected to the various latches 728 via connector ports. The latch controller module 725 can cooperatively control the latching or unlatching of each cabinet 210 to allow for centralized control of the cabinets 210 (e.g., only one cabinet 210 can be opened at a time).

[0194] In embodiments according to Figure 13 may include one or more of the following features: (1) the cabinet frame 200 contains storage cabinet locking mechanisms. (2) The cabinet subassembly frame 200 does not contain latches. (3) The cabinet frame includes a latch controller module. The latch controller module has connector ports to accommodate up to nine latches 126. The latch control module contains electronic hardware to independently operate up to nine latches. (4) Each latch 126 is positioned and mounted to the frame as needed to control its matching cabinet. (5) Each storage cabinet has at least one hook connected with a corresponding latch. (6) Each latch is connected to the latch control module.

[0195] Additionally or in the alternative, the cabinet assembly 200 can include a passive near field communication (NFC) antenna 528 for each cabinet 210 within the assembly 200. Similarly, each cabinet can be configured with a passive NFC tag on a side or rear of the cabinet that comes into communicative contact with a corresponding antenna 728 when the cabinet is loaded within the cabinet enclosure 212 of the assembly 200. The control module 725 can be operably connected to a bus within the cabinet enclosure via a cable or wirelessly, and the bus can be operably connected to each latch 126 and / or each NFC antenna. While the control module 725 is depicted as a separate device from the cabinet assembly 200, it can be appreciated that the control module 725 can be part of or integrated with the cabinet assembly 200, or can be part of or integrated with a smart device 130 associated with or linked to the assembly 200. It should also be appreciated that the depicted schematic of the antenna 728 can also represent a corresponding latch 126 or latch actuator.

[0196] Each cabinet can be associated with a unique identifier that is stored by its corresponding NFC tag. The identifier can map to a particular cabinet specification (e.g., volume, height, etc.) and a particular content currently stored within the cabinet. For example, the server 114 can keep track of the contents of each cabinet in a database. When a cabinet 210 is opened, the control module 725 receiving the indication from the NFC tag via the antenna 728 can send a signal to the server 114 indicating that the module has been opened, and can send a closed signal when the status of the cabinet changes from open to closed.

[0197] The control module 725 can also transmit the cabinet locations within the assembly and the cabinet identifiers. In this way, if a clinician reconfigures the cabinets, the server 114 will update the new configuration in the memory. Then, if the clinician moves a cabinet to an undesired location, or re-arranges the cabinet assembly in a manner that is inconsistent with the healthcare organization’s policies or predetermined rules, the stored configuration can be used to provide an alert to the clinician. When the access controller is associated or integrated with the control module 725, the cabinets can be managed remotely using a single interface. If a clinician uses an IOT inventory tracker or other smart remote device to open a cabinet corresponding to a medication, the server 114 can perform a check to determine which cabinet holds the requested medication (e.g., by querying the control module 725) prior to opening the cabinet. If the clinician attempts to open the wrong cabinet, or attempts to place a cabinet in the wrong assembly location, the control module (via the assembly or smart device 130) can provide an audible and / or visual alert. The control module 725 can also lock a cabinet to prevent it from being opened or inserted into a cabinet location.

[0198] According to some embodiments, the control module 725 can provide power to the various components of the associated cabinet assembly 200, including to each cabinet 210 of the assembly. Power can be connected from the control module 725 to one cabinet location to another cabinet location in a daisy chain fashion, and so on. The control module 725 also includes a central processing system or processor, as described with respect to the central processing system or processor. With reference to FIG. 12, the control module 725 can act as a master hub and operate all of the cabinets as slaves in a master / slave configuration. This configuration can be achieved through a wired cable between the control module and each cabinet or through a wireless connection, such as Bluetooth. Figure 5

[0199] Figure 14A is a perspective view of a cabinet 610a in a closed position for use with a cabinet array assembly 200 of Figure 7A FIG. 11, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In the depicted example, the cabinet 610a includes features similar to those of the cabinet 210a. Accordingly, like reference numerals are used to refer to like features. In the depicted example, the cabinet 610a can include a handle portion 620a to allow a user to open or close the cabinet body 614a.

[0200] Figure 14B is a perspective view of a cabinet 610a in a partially open position, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the cabinet body 614a can slide or translate (e.g., similar to a drawer) relative to the cabinet enclosure 612a to access the cabinet volume, allowing a user to access medications. The cabinet body 614a can slide until reaching a travel or slide stop feature. Figure 14A is a perspective view of a cabinet 610a in a partially open position, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the cabinet body 614a can slide or translate (e.g., similar to a drawer) relative to the cabinet enclosure 612a to access the cabinet volume, allowing a user to access medications. The cabinet body 614a can slide until reaching a travel or slide stop feature.​

[0201] Optionally, the cabinet body 614a can be spring loaded such that the cabinet body 614a moves outward upon unlocking or latch release, indicating the location of the desired item. In some embodiments, the cabinet 610a can include a visual indicator (e.g., LED) to indicate the location of the desired item.

[0202] Figure 14C is used with the cabinet array assembly 200 of Figure 14A a perspective view of the cabinet 610, with the cabinet 610a in an open position. In the depicted example, the cabinet body 614a can pivot downward after extending from the cabinet enclosure 612a. In some embodiments, the rear portion of the cabinet body 614 includes a pivot pin that allows the cabinet body 614a to slide outward and then turn downward at the end of its travel. Advantageously, by turning or pivoting the cabinet body 614a downward, access to the items within the cabinet volume can be improved. In some embodiments, the cabinet body 614a can be removed from the cabinet enclosure 612a to allow for loading of items or removal of items from the cabinet body 614a, or to allow for counting of items within the cabinet body 614a.

[0203] Optionally, if the cabinet body 614a is removed from the cabinet enclosure 612a and is not returned within a predetermined time period, an alarm indicating a potential tampering / theft event can be triggered.

[0204] Figure 15A is used with the cabinet array assembly 200 of Figure 7A a perspective view of the cabinet 210b in a closed position used with the cabinet array assembly 200 of Figure 15B is used with the cabinet array assembly 200 of Figure 7A a perspective view of the cabinet 210c in a closed position used with the cabinet array assembly 200 of In the depicted example, the cabinet 210b and the cabinet 210c each include features similar to those of the cabinet 210a. Accordingly, like features are referred to with like reference numerals. As described herein, the cabinets 210b and 210c include similar features, but can have different widths. In some embodiments, the cabinet 210b and the cabinet 210c can be wider than the width of the cabinet 210a. The width of the cabinet 210b is approximately twice the width of the cabinet 210a. The width of the cabinet 210c is approximately three times the width of the cabinet 210a.

[0205] Figure 16A is used with the cabinet array assembly 200 of Figure 7AThe image shows a perspective view of a mounting frame 750 used in conjunction with the cabinet array assembly 200. In the depicted example, the mounting frame 750 can be used to mount the cabinet array assembly 200 to a wall or other flat surface. The mounting frame 750 can be securely mounted to the wall or other flat surface. The mounting frame 750 can receive the cabinet array assembly 200 therein. In some embodiments, the cabinet array assembly 200 can be latched to the mounting frame 750 by a locking or latching mechanism 752. The latching mechanism 752 can be an electromechanical latch. The cabinet array assembly 200 can be attached to and removed from the mounting frame 750 as needed.

[0206] Figure 16B Based on all aspects of this disclosure and Figure 7A A perspective view of a mounting frame 850 used in conjunction with a cabinet array assembly. In the depicted example, a countertop medication system 800 can utilize a cabinet array assembly 200' mounted to a countertop or similar surface via the mounting frame 850. The mounting frame 850 can be securely mounted to the countertop or other fixture. The mounting frame 850 can receive the cabinet array assembly 200' therein.

[0207] As can be understood, the smart card reader 208' can be positioned on top of the cabinet array assembly 200' for easy installation on a workbench surface.

[0208] In healthcare settings, there is a need for space- and cost-optimized enterprise-safe medication storage and dispensing solutions. Some solutions use automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) to control medications. ADCs are expensive and space-consuming. Existing user spaces, such as drawers, cabinets, and trolleys, can be used for medication storage and dispensing. However, drawbacks include a lack of security, poor medication traceability, and a highly manual process requiring additional nurse or caregiver resources. Disclosed solutions include compact smart cabinet arrays that transform underutilized or unused user wall space into highly optimized enterprise medication management spaces.

[0209] Systems and methods for highly optimized drug storage and distribution in healthcare settings are disclosed. These systems and methods may include a wall-mounted, compact smart cabinet array system with configurable, wirelessly connected smart cabinets (e.g., of different sizes), multiple user interfaces, server-authorized actuator locks, and may include location tracking, and may enable enterprise solutions for inventory tracking.

[0210] The disclosed system may include a processor, memory, input / output devices, environmental sensors, tamper detection, and wireless interface.

[0211] Other features can include one or more of: an e-ink display for the user interface, a microphone, a buzzer, and a multi-color LED; an Identity Authentication Module (IAM) interface capable of implementing multiple user authentication methods (e.g., smart card reader or biometric); a FET-based drive circuit to drive a multi-color LED that supports multiple colors, intensities, and flashing patterns to indicate the browsable state of the system; a drive circuit for an e-ink user interface with multiple views, each view configured to present the current state of the workflow; a drive circuit for a piezoelectric buzzer to provide audio feedback to the user; a microphone interface circuit to provide the user with a wake word and / or voice prompts; an actuator latch drive circuit and latch state readback method; a memory interface to store compact cabinet state and statistics; a sensor interface to monitor tampering, environmental conditions, and content sensing; and an encryption and security element interface to securely store public / private keys.

[0212] The disclosed system architecture can optimize existing user space with a wall-mounted compact housing and configurable smart cabinet with wireless connectivity. In some embodiments, the compact housing and cabinet can be placed on a countertop.

[0213] In some embodiments, the disclosed system architecture can include a latch and electronics to drive the latch as part of the cabinet. In some embodiments, both the latch and electronics can be part of the compact housing.

[0214] In some embodiments, the disclosed system architecture can include a cabinet that tilts open to allow a user to access medications, and in other embodiments, the cabinet pops open like a drawer.

[0215] In some embodiments, the disclosed system architecture can automatically determine multiple user authorization methods. The user can then select one of the determined authorization methods to unlock the compact cabinet.

[0216] Also disclosed is an authentication method that securely transmits a user’s identity to a server and obtains authorization to unlock the compact cabinet. In some embodiments, the system can include and the authentication method can use a contactless smart card, and in other embodiments, a barcode, biometric, ECG-based wearable, or mobile phone can be used. In some embodiments, the authentication method can include remote authentication. For example, if a user loses their badge or smartphone, a superuser can provide remote authentication.

[0217] In some embodiments, the system and / or method can utilize a sensor interface to automatically identify the quantity of contents in a compact cabinet and perform tamper detection on the compact cabinet or enclosure. For example, the method can include using optical or electromagnetic sensing to monitor in real-time the compact enclosure attached to a wall (e.g., using one or more sensors) and the compact cabinet attached to the enclosure for tamper detection. In some embodiments, the system and / or method includes a sensor interface, such as a load cell, optical with LED and photodiode, acoustic or RF, to sense the quantity of contents within the cabinet.

[0218] Also disclosed is a method by which an audible sound indicates a user action (e.g., presenting a badge to a compact) or when an actuator command is executed. In some embodiments, the system can include and the method can use a piezoelectric buzzer with different tones to indicate different actions.

[0219] According to various embodiments, the system can include a communication architecture (CA) that can use multiple PAN protocols, such as (802.15.4 / BLE), to talk to remote devices. Thus, the disclosed system and / or method can use the CA to implement one or more of the following features: a beacon for asset tracking; real-time and offline mode support.

[0220] In some embodiments, the disclosed compact cabinet (e.g., using the CA) can bypass hospital IT, thereby reducing implementation time (e.g., implementing a drop ship model based on PAN protocol support).

[0221] The system and / or method implementing a communication architecture (CA) can support offline mode. When network connectivity to a field hub or gateway is lost, the disclosed compact cabinet(s) can still allow users to continue their actions, and the system can store and forward the actions when the network is restored.

[0222] In some embodiments, the compact cabinet(s) have the ability to broadcast a beacon with medication information for asset tracking to a remote host. In some embodiments, users can also use a mobile device, such as a cell phone or tablet, to read the beacon.

[0223] In some embodiments, the disclosed systems and / or methods may include a power architecture utilizing disposable batteries, or in other embodiments, the power architecture may implement rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors as the power source for each cabinet. In some embodiments, the power architecture (PA) may require a high-capacity power source to power the entire compact cabinet array. Different implementations of high-capacity power sources (PoE, batteries, external power supplies) and their interfaces using wired or docking connectors are described in the accompanying slides and documentation.

[0224] In some embodiments, the compact cabinet array can be connected to an external power supply that can directly power the compact cabinet or charge the batteries on the cabinet or housing. In some embodiments, the disclosed systems and methods may include accessing the power architecture of the compact smart cabinet using wireless power transmission.

[0225] A method for charging the system using multiple wireless power sources is also disclosed. In some embodiments, near-field (such as NFC, Qi, resonance, and induction) or far-field (such as WiFi, UHF) wireless power transmission is used as the power source to access the compact cabinet.

[0226] In some implementations, multiplexed wireless charging schemes can be used to charge secure storage solutions. In other implementations, only one storage location can be accessed at a time within a compact design.

[0227] In some implementations, guide lights or mechanical features are used to dock with secure storage space for wireless charging.

[0228] A method for energy saving in a battery-operated device based on system factors and user preferences is disclosed. In some embodiments, the method may include placing the device in a low-power state (from a system-off state to various levels of sleep state) and periodically waking the device (wake-up cycle) to enable radio communication, as well as checking in to a gateway / hub to update or perform transactions.

[0229] Low-power states and wake-up cycles can be configured via gateways / hubs based on system usage factors and user preferences.

[0230] In some implementations, the system and methods may include the use of environmental sensors, such as occupancy sensors. In some implementations, the system and / or methods may use a microphone activated by a keyword, a user action by pressing a button, or system usage factors, such as user presence or office schedules, to wake the device from deep sleep mode.

[0231] A method for using multiple sources for energy harvesting to increase the lifespan of compact smart cabinets was also disclosed.

[0232] In some embodiments, energy can be harvested from electromagnetic induction from lock actuator motion or wireless energy from an RF source.

[0233] In some embodiments, the electronic ink of the device's user interface can display drug name, dose, and expiration date. In other embodiments, icons such as in-charge or in-transit can be displayed to show the current status of the relevant drug that has been tracked.

[0234] In some embodiments, a multi-color LED user interface can act as a browsable status indicator. For example, LED color, blinking pattern, and intensity can indicate different states based on user access to secure storage locations and workflows.

[0235] Example 1: During a drug loading workflow, LED illumination can guide the user to find the drug at a glance.

[0236] Example 2: If a drug in the compact cabinet is expired, the LED can flash red.

[0237] Example 3: During a drug audit, the system can guide by lighting up the LED so that the user can easily identify the drug.

[0238] Example 4: If the battery level is below a threshold, the LED can flash.

[0239] Figure 17A 、 17B and 17C depict various embodiments of a smart system 100 including interactive storage devices 130 and / or smart locks in accordance with some aspects of the subject technology. In these examples, the system includes a plurality of user interfaces, server-authorized actuator locks, lock and door sensors, identity authentication modules, and other components that enable an enterprise solution for securing and guiding the loading of drugs.

[0240] In some embodiments, the electronic ink user interface of the device can display the status of the smart lock system using icons such as battery level, network connectivity, status of latches and doors.

[0241] In some embodiments, the electronic ink user interface of the device can display alerts such as expired drugs, drugs below standard, tamper detection.

[0242] In some embodiments, the electronic ink user interface of the device can display information collected from environmental sensors. Examples of such information collected include drug temperature, monitor tamper evidence sensor signals, humidity, shock and vibration over time.

[0243] In some embodiments, the electronic ink user interface of the device can dynamically display information based on a configuration associated with the user regarding the displayed content.

[0244] In some embodiments, the multi-color LED user interface can act as a browsable status indicator. The LED color, blinking pattern, or intensity can be adjusted by the device (or in response to a control signal from a central control server) to indicate different statuses. The status can be based on user access to secure storage locations, workflow, inventory levels, or other detectable characteristics of the device or its contents.

[0245] Example 1: During a medication loading workflow, LED lighting can guide the user to find the medication at a glance.

[0246] Example 2: If a smart-locked medication has expired, the LED can flash red.

[0247] Example 3: During a medication audit, the system can guide by lighting the LED so that the user can easily identify the medication.

[0248] Example 4: If the battery level is below a threshold, the LED can flash at low intensity.

[0249] Example 5: The LED color and flashing pattern indicate that an authorized user unlocked the latch.

[0250] A computer-implemented method is also provided by which a handheld device can scan the LED color, intensity, and flashing pattern and identify its status during manufacturing or in the field. The computer-implemented method can be executed under the control of one or more processing devices (e.g., CPUs or computer systems and / or devices).

[0251] The method can be implemented in whole or in part using inspection equipment, mobile applications, and optical reading devices to read the multi-color visual indicators and analyze the readings to determine failure modes and conditions on the smart lock. Reading the indicators can include capturing an image of the LED. Reading the indicators can include capturing a series of images of the LED. The series can be captured for a period of time or a number of frames identified using a configuration value. The series can be captured based on information encoded by the LED. For example, a pre-sequence pattern or color can identify the beginning or end of a status sequence. When the device reads the pattern a second time, the device can terminate the reading and analysis of the captured image(s).

[0252] The authentication system can automatically determine multiple user authorization methods. The user can select one of the determined authorization methods to unlock the smart lock.

[0253] Features for securely transmitting user identity to a server and transmitting authorization to unlock a smart lock are also described. In some embodiments, authentication can include reading data from a contactless smart card. In other embodiments, it can use a combination of barcodes, biometrics, ECG-based wearable devices, mobile phones, or authorized to request unlocking of a smart lock.

[0254] Authentication can include remote authentication. For example, a user can enter credentials on a tablet or PC, or use a standalone authentication module to gain access to a smart lock, or a super user can provide remote authentication if a user has lost their badge or smartphone.

[0255] Sensors interfaces in the environment associated with the smart lock can monitor NIST traceable environmental sensors or tamper detection data in real time (e.g., within a threshold period of time after the actual occurrence of a sensed environmental condition or tampering event).

[0256] The system or method can produce an audible sound to confirm user actions, such as presenting a badge to a smart lock or when an actuator command is executed.

[0257] For example, in some embodiments, a piezoelectric buzzer can be configured to emit different tones, where each tone indicates a different action.

[0258] The communication architecture (CA) for the system and method can include one or more of a number of personal area network (PAN) protocols, such as (802.15.4 / BLE), to communicate with remote devices.

[0259] The CA can be configured to detect beacon signals for asset tracking, provide environmental sensor and tamper detection monitoring, generate real-time and offline mode support, or identify suitcase contents and track inventory. Since some healthcare supplies are sensitive to temperature, if an environmental sensor determines that an item is exposed to temperatures or humidity outside of expected ranges, the system can dynamically adjust to either warn or prevent the distribution of the exposed item. Similarly, sensitive items can have been tampered with. The system can direct the storage of such items or prevent their distribution until the integrity is confirmed. Confirmation can include authorized users verifying the items before they are eligible for distribution and use in a healthcare facility.

[0260] According to various embodiments, the smart lock CA can bypass the setup and accessories of a hospital IT resource. This can reduce implementation time and make it a straight-shipping model due to the support of PAN protocols.

[0261] The smart lock device can be configured to act as a companion device to the devices placed inside the enclosure to bridge the communication. The connected devices placed inside the enclosure (like refrigerators and metal cabinets) can have their radio signals attenuated and can have difficulty communicating with the hub that is further away. In these cases, another device (like a smart lock) acts as a companion device to enable reliable communication with the hub / gateway. The smart lock can assume two roles when acting as a companion device: (i) a slave role to communicate with the hub; (ii) an active role to communicate with the devices behind the enclosure.

[0262] Figure 18 An interactive storage device 130 arranged in a multi-level network hierarchy is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology is depicted. In the depicted example, the interactive storage device 130 can be configured to communicate with a hub directly or through another device.

[0263] The power architecture of the smart lock device and / or system can include a disposable battery, and in other implementations, it can include a rechargeable battery. To improve the efficiency of the device by saving power in the device, a power management module can operate based on system factors and user preferences. The power management module can be implemented within a particular device to save resources of the device implementing the module. The power management module can be a central device configured to manage the power of a group of devices in data communication therewith.

[0264] Devices can be placed in various low power states and can be configured to wake up periodically. The power management module can send control signals to the devices in various low power states to wake them up periodically (wake up period) and enable radio communication and check in with the gateway / hub for updates or to perform transactions.

[0265] The power saving state can be used to adjust the responsiveness of the devices to power saving. The low power states and the wake up period can be dynamically configured by the gateway / hub of the devices based on system usage factors and user preferences.

[0266] The power state can be adjusted based on the user status. For example, if a sensor detects the presence of a user, the devices can be controlled to operate in a more responsive state in the system that is expected to be in use. If a sensor detects that a user is not present or has left an area that includes one or more devices, the power management module can adjust the devices in that area to work in a less responsive state to maximize power saving.

[0267] The presence of a user can be detected in different ways, including the user logging into the system or through occupancy sensors, such as motion, radar, and proximity sensors. It is envisioned that the occupancy sensors are power supply devices located in healthcare service areas (such as exam rooms, operating rooms) and at the gateway / hub interface.

[0268] In some cases, a user can provide an office schedule to the system, and adjust the power state based on the schedule (e.g., when a time period on the schedule contains a meeting). The office schedule can indicate times when the clinician is working in the healthcare facility. When the clinician is active as indicated by the schedule, similar power adjustments can be controlled based on the shift.

[0269] Some examples can include a microphone coupled with a voice detection system. The voice detection system can recognize a keyword to activate one or more devices (e.g., adjust the power state to an active / ready mode). In some implementations, a user action (e.g., pressing a button) or a system usage factor (e.g., user presence) can be used to wake up the device from a sleep mode.

[0270] In some cases, the power state can be adjusted by an ML algorithm running on the hub / gateway and / or the cloud. For example, historical usage patterns can be analyzed to develop an activity model that can be used to control the power state of one or more devices.

[0271] Features for harvesting energy using multiple sources to increase the operational life of the smart lock can also be included. In some cases, energy is harvested using a piezoelectric transducer connected to the button or electromagnetic induction from the lock actuator or drawer / door opening and closing actions or wireless energy from an RF source.

[0272] Latch and door sensors included in the system can include sensors for reading the latch and door / drawer status at all times. This functionality enables the execution of workflows and also for tamper detection.

[0273] Figure 19A 、 19B and 19C depict a remote smart lock reader module configured to unlock a secure container, in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. Figure 19C A remote smart lock reader module is depicted that is added to a cabinet door and / or cabinet drawer to enable controlled security. In the depicted example, the smart lock reader module can be implemented as a mobile device that contains a PCBA, NFC reader, multi-color LED, regular battery, mounting features, e-ink display, biometric reader, audio buzzer, LED light pipe, bar code, snap-on cover for access to the battery.

[0274] Figure 20A 、 20BAnd 20C depict an electromechanical latch 126 mounted to an interior surface of a door or drawer using a bracket 1602 in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. The electromechanical latch is operably connected to a smart lock reader module 208' that can electronically control the latch. The shape of the housing allows a user to hold the smart lock and use it as it has a door handle or drawer handle.

[0275] The threaded mounting bracket passes through the door or drawer and screws into the housing. When the battery expires, the latch remains in the locked position, and the battery is replaced to continue operation. An LED indicates the position. An audio indicator can alert to open the door or drawer. Sensors are used to determine if the door(s) are in a closed or open position. Sensors are used to determine if the latch is locked or unlocked.

[0276] The smart lock can communicate wirelessly with other devices. The smart lock unit can have overlapping features, interlocking devices to prevent diversion, and indicate tampering evidence.

[0277] FIGS. 21A and 21B depict cutaway views of an exemplary IOT (Internet of Things) smart lock reader module (SRM) in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. According to some embodiments, the disclosed IOT SRM includes a device that can be attached to a refrigerator. In this regard, the IOT SRM can include an electromechanical lock 126 for secure access to the refrigerator. The IOT SRM can include an (e-ink) display 164, LED indicators, temperature readings, and a common battery for easy replacement. The IOT SRM can be configured to communicate wirelessly with other devices. The IOT SRM can include a manual release key 104 to release the lock 126 mechanically (e.g., when power has been removed from the lock).

[0278] Figure 22 An exemplary IOT SRM mounted on the exterior surface of a refrigerator is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. The refrigerator can include an off-the-shelf "dorm" style refrigerator to enable controlled security. The IOT SRM can include a repeater to assist in communication of IOT devices within the refrigerator. The IOT SRM can include overlapping features, interlocking devices, and materials to indicate tampering evidence. The IOT SRM can include a key lock for manual release.

[0279] Modular dispensing cabinet

[0280] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a smart cabinet or suitcase system, device, and / or corresponding method that provides secure access and transport of items including medications and supplies ("smart cabinet"). The disclosed smart cabinet can be configured for controlled, uncontrolled, refrigerated, and non-refrigerated items in acute and non-acute healthcare settings. The disclosed smart cabinet can be configured to allow for different accreditation requirements of regulatory agencies and hospitals.

[0281] Figure 23 An exemplary smart cabinet system for dispensing items is depicted in accordance with various aspects of the subject technology. In various implementations, the smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can be configured as a single, stackable, and secure modular cabinet for item storage and retrieval. The smart cabinet can communicate wirelessly with other devices and can be configured to record user access.

[0282] The smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can be configured to withstand a refrigerated environment and can include materials and components that can be used at low temperatures. The smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can be placed in a refrigerator and can support optional temperature and humidity sensors. The smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can be configured with overlapping features and interlocking devices to prevent tampering. The smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can be designed to indicate a user’s tampering attempt. The smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can be formed from or include materials that are deformable to show evidence of tampering. Additionally or in the alternative, the smart cabinet system and / or device(s) can include a hook configured to break off and leave a piece in the latch, making it unusable, thereby indicating a break-in.

[0283] The disclosed smart cabinet can provide multiple sizes to accommodate different items and can be stackable to optimize storage locations. The disclosed smart cabinet can be a wireless connected device connected to a gateway and connected to enterprise-level applications. According to various implementations, users can authenticate using a remote authentication method, such as a tablet or standalone authentication module, and provide secure and traceable access to the smart cabinet. The disclosed smart cabinet can include one or more user interfaces including multicolor LEDs, e-ink displays, buttons, and audible beeper. In some implementations, the smart cabinet can include machine learning (ML) inference and data analysis to optimize power consumption of the smart cabinet based on perception of the usage environment. In some implementations, the disclosed system, device, and / or method includes a handheld device or mobile application that can scan the multicolor LEDs and identify the system status during manufacturing or in the field.

[0284] The disclosed smart cabinet and related systems and methods can include implementations of enterprise-level solutions that provide traceability and inventory tracking of items in a variety of use cases.

[0285] Secure storage of controlled substances includes ready key or combination lock cabinets placed on countertops or inside cabinets and drawers. Users can access the medications using the same key or combination number. However, these solutions do not track who accessed the medications. Additionally, inventory tracking in non-acute care settings is performed manually and is inaccurate. The smart cabinet described herein provides secure and trackable access to these medications. The smart cabinet can also provide a display screen to indicate quantities and buttons for users to increase or decrease quantities, and can be connected to enterprise-level medication management software that enables end-to-end inventory management.

[0286] According to some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet is configured to be placed inside a refrigerator to provide secure access and inventory management of refrigerated medications. In some embodiments, the smart cabinet can be configured as a mobile device that can be used for secure transport of medications. The secure cabinet can be used alone or can be placed inside the smart suitcase described above for secure transport. The smart cabinet can be configured to direct its unique ID through a wireless interface and for location tracking of the cabinet.

[0287] In some embodiments, the smart cabinet is a fixed device located in a medication room, at a patient bedside, or other care location. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet is located inside a refrigerator. The disclosed smart cabinet can be configured to be hardened to withstand a refrigerated environment. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet is a mobile device for secure transport of items. The disclosed smart cabinet can include a user interface that enables enterprise solutions to secure one or more items and direct loading of the item(s).

[0288] Further reference to FIG. 1 and Figure 17A , 17B And 17C, the disclosed system and / or device can include an e-ink user interface. In some embodiments, the user interface can display the status of the disclosed smart cabinet using icons such as battery level, network connection, and / or status of latches and doors. In some embodiments, the user interface can display alerts such as expired medications, below standard, tamper detection, etc. In some embodiments, the user interface can display information collected from environmental sensors. For example, the user interface can display information such as medication temperature, monitor tamper evidence sensor signals, humidity, shock and vibration over time. In some embodiments, the user interface can display item name and item quantity. In some embodiments, the display content can be configurable by the user.

[0289] In some embodiments, the user interface can include one or more buttons for reducing and increasing the number of items. In some embodiments, the user interface can be used as a browsable status indicator. For example, LED color, blinking pattern, and intensity can indicate different statuses based on user access to secure storage locations and workflows.

[0290] Example 1: During a medication loading workflow, LED lighting can guide the user to find the medication at a glance.

[0291] Example 2: If the smart cabinet-protected medication has expired, the LED can flash red.

[0292] Example 3: During a medication audit, the system can guide by lighting up the LED so that the user can easily identify the medication.

[0293] Example 4: If the battery level is below a threshold, the LED can flash at low intensity.

[0294] Example 5: LED color and blinking pattern indicate that an authorized user unlocked the latch.

[0295] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet system can include or incorporate a handheld device that can scan the LED color, intensity, and blinking pattern and identify its status during manufacturing or in the field. In some embodiments, the smart cabinet system can include an inspection equipment or mobile application and / or an optical reading device to read the multi-color visual indicators and obtain the fault patterns and conditions on the smart cabinet.

[0296] Access to the disclosed smart cabinet can be authenticated via remote authentication. For example, a user can enter credentials on a tablet or PC, or use a standalone authentication module to gain access to the disclosed smart cabinet. If a user loses their badge or smartphone, a superuser can provide remote authentication.

[0297] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet can be configured to produce an audible sound that indicates user actions, such as when an actuator command is executed. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet includes a piezoelectric buzzer that uses different tones to indicate different actions.

[0298] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet can include an environmental sensor interface system. In some embodiments, the environmental sensor interface system can be able to monitor NIST traceable temperature sensors for vaccine refrigeration. In some embodiments, the environmental sensor interface system can be able to monitor multiple sensors, including: temperature, humidity, vibration, orientation, and acceleration of the smart cabinet.

[0299] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinets can include a tamper detection system. The tamper detection system can be configured to detect tampering via the aforementioned environmental sensors and / or additional sensors (e.g., optical and electromagnetic sensors) located on the latches, drawers, and lids for detecting unauthorized access to the contents of the smart cabinets.

[0300] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinets can include a contents detection subsystem. The contents detection subsystem can utilize a sensor interface to automatically identify the quantity of contents within the smart cabinet. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinets can support sensor interfaces such as weight sensors, optics with LEDs and photodiodes, acoustics, or RF devices to sense the quantity of contents within the cabinet. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinets can support identification of a coarse level for automatic detection of PAR levels.

[0301] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinets can include a power subsystem. The power subsystem can be configured to support a distributed architecture where each cabinet has its own wireless communication interface and power supply. In some embodiments, the power subsystem can include a central architecture where multiple cabinets are connected to a single controller. The controller can provide wireless communication and power to the multiple cabinets. As a result, the number of wireless communication interfaces, electronics, and power supplies can be reduced, which is desirable in cases where many cabinets are located in the same location (i.e., multiple cabinets are stacked within one cabinet).

[0302] The disclosed systems, devices, and / or methods can include a communication architecture (CA). In some embodiments, the CA can be configured with multiple PAN protocols such as (802.15.4 / BLE) to talk to remote devices. Methods utilizing the CA can include one or more of the following features: beacons for asset tracking; real-time and offline mode support; environmental sensor and tamper detection monitoring; contents identification and inventory tracking. In some embodiments, the smart cabinets (e.g., using the CA) can bypass hospital IT, thereby reducing implementation time (e.g., implementing a direct-to-transport model based on PAN protocol support).

[0303] According to various embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet can be configured to act as a companion device to devices placed within the enclosure to bridge communications. Connected devices placed within enclosures, such as refrigerators and metal cabinets, can have their radio signals attenuated and have difficulty communicating with a more distant hub. Thus, the smart cabinet can act as a companion device to enable reliable communication with the hub / gateway. The smart cabinet can assume two roles when acting as a companion device: (1) a slave role to communicate with the hub; and (2) an active role to communicate with devices behind the enclosure. As previously discussed with respect to FIG. 12, the foregoing creates a multi-level network hierarchy in the network of devices that communicate back to the hub either directly or through another device.

[0304] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet system and / or devices can include a power architecture (PA). In some embodiments, the PA can be configured to use disposable batteries, or in some embodiments, rechargeable batteries.

[0305] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet system, devices, and / or corresponding methods can be configured to use multiple sources for energy harvesting to extend the operational life of the smart cabinet. In some embodiments, the smart cabinet can be configured with a piezoelectric transducer connected to a button or electromagnetic induction from a lock actuator or drawer / door opening and closing action or wireless energy from an RF source to harvest energy. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet system and / or devices can include a power management subsystem that conserves power in battery operated devices based on system factors and user preferences. In this regard, the power conservation method can include placing the device in various low power states to periodically wake up (wake up period) and enable radio communication and check in with the gateway / hub for updates or to perform transactions. The power conservation state can adjust the responsiveness of the device to power conservation. The low power states and wake up period can be configured by the gateway / hub of the device based on system usage factors and user preferences.

[0306] In some embodiments, the power state can be adjusted based on user preferences, placing the device in a more responsive state if a user is present and expected to be using the system. If a user is not present, the device can be in a less responsive state to maximize power conservation.

[0307] In some embodiments, the smart cabinet can detect user presence. For example, the smart cabinet can detect user logins to the system through occupancy sensors, such as motion, radar, and proximity sensors. The occupancy sensors can be configured to be located in the medication room area and the powered devices of the gateway / hub interface.

[0308] In some embodiments, the disclosed system can receive user input of an office schedule and can adjust the power state based on the schedule. In some embodiments, the disclosed system can use a microphone with keyword activation to wake the device from a deep sleep mode. In some embodiments, the power state can be adjusted by an ML algorithm running on the hub / gateway and / or cloud.

[0309] In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet system and / or device can include a monitoring subsystem. The monitoring subsystem can include sensors that monitor the health of the device (including environmental sensors) and / or additional sensors that monitor the operation of the device (such as current on the motor, voltage, temperature of critical components, etc.), or be connected to such sensors.

[0310] In some embodiments, the monitoring subsystem can be configured to transmit the collected data to the hub / gateway / cloud for analysis. In some embodiments, the disclosed smart cabinet system and / or device can include a secure transport subsystem. The secure transport subsystem can be configured to facilitate the secure transport of items using the smart cabinet.

[0311] In some embodiments, the smart cabinet can be used as a standalone transport or can be placed inside a suitcase (e.g., the disclosed smart suitcase). In some embodiments, the smart cabinet can be configured to assume a beacon role to advertise its unique ID, so it can be identified and located for asset tracking by a hub or mobile device. The unique ID and configuration information (including the contents of the smart cabinet) can be stored locally in non-volatile memory on the device. This information can also be available to an online database (e.g., for an extract view of the online network).

[0312] In some embodiments, the secure transport smart cabinet can be configured to be tracked by a hub in an area of interest. As the device moves, a hub located in the area can be able to read the beacon and identify the device. For example, a hub can be placed in an area of interest, such as a shipping and receiving area, a transit area, a hallway, etc. In some embodiments, the beacon can be read by a mobile device. In some embodiments, the secure transport smart cabinet can be queried directly by a hub or mobile device for additional information, such as the contents of the smart cabinet, the destination, the battery level, environmental sensors, etc. Alternatively, the mobile device and / or hub can be network connected and can be configured to use the beacon’s unique ID to extract information about the smart cabinet from a network database.

[0313] In some embodiments, the secure transport smart cabinet can be configured to implement a wireless signal feature that can be used to locate and guide a user to the smart cabinet module. This can be desirable in situations where a particular device needs to be located and a user can be guided to the unit they are looking for.

[0314] Subject Technology as Description of Terms

[0315] For convenience, the various examples of aspects of the disclosure are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.). These are provided as examples only and do not limit the subject technology. The identification of

[0316] Clause 1. A cabinet assembly comprising: a cabinet housing adapted to receive a cabinet of varying sizes, the cabinet housing comprising a vertical mounting structure; a cabinet body comprising a latch hook and defining a cabinet volume, wherein the cabinet body is movable relative to the cabinet housing to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position; a latch mechanism coupled to the cabinet housing, the latch mechanism comprising a latch member, wherein the latch member engages the latch hook in a locked position to retain the cabinet body in the closed position and the latch member is disengaged from the latch hook in a released position; and a controller configured to receive a wireless control signal and control movement of the latch member based at least in part on the wireless control signal.

[0317] Clause 2. The cabinet assembly of clause 1, further comprising a battery operatively coupled to at least one of the latch member and the controller.

[0318] Clause 3. The cabinet assembly of clause 1, wherein the cabinet body comprises a window.

[0319] Clause 4. The cabinet assembly of clause 1, wherein the cabinet body is pivoted relative to the cabinet housing.

[0320] Clause 5. The cabinet assembly of clause 4, further comprising a biasing member to urge the cabinet body toward the open position or the closed position.

[0321] Clause 6. The cabinet assembly of clause 4, wherein the cabinet body comprises a pivot pin extending into the cabinet housing.

[0322] Clause 7. The cabinet assembly of clause 6, wherein the pivot pin extends from a front portion of the cabinet body.

[0323] Clause 8. The cabinet assembly of clause 6, wherein the pivot pin extends from a rear portion of the cabinet body.

[0324] Clause 9. The cabinet assembly of Clause 1, wherein the cabinet body includes a handle.

[0325] Clause 10. A cabinet array assembly comprising: a plurality of cabinet assemblies, wherein each cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies includes: a cabinet housing adapted to receive a cabinet of different sizes, the cabinet housing including a vertical mounting structure; and a cabinet body including a latching hook and defining a cabinet volume, wherein the cabinet body is movable relative to the cabinet housing to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position, wherein each cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies is disposed horizontally adjacent or vertically adjacent to an adjacent cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies; a latching mechanism configured to engage the latching hook of a respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies to retain the cabinet body of the respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in the closed position in a locked position and disengage the latching hook of the respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in a released position; and a controller configured to receive a wireless control signal and control movement of the latching member based at least in part on the wireless control signal.

[0326] Clause 11. The cabinet array assembly of Clause 10, wherein the latching mechanism is configured to engage or disengage respective latching hooks of a plurality of horizontally adjacent cabinet assemblies of the plurality of cabinet assemblies.

[0327] Clause 12. The cabinet array assembly of Clause 10, wherein the latching mechanism is configured to engage or disengage respective latching hooks of a plurality of vertically adjacent cabinet assemblies of the plurality of cabinet assemblies.

[0328] Clause 13. The cabinet array assembly of Clause 10, wherein the latching mechanism is configured to engage or disengage respective latching hooks of the plurality of cabinet assemblies.

[0329] Clause 14. The cabinet array assembly of Clause 10, further comprising a battery operatively coupled to at least one of the latching mechanism and the controller.

[0330] Clause 15. The cabinet array of Clause 10, wherein the plurality of cabinet assemblies includes cabinet assemblies of different sizes.

[0331] Clause 16. The cabinet array of Clause 10, further comprising an authentication device operatively coupled to the latching mechanism, wherein the authentication device allows the latching mechanism to move to the released position.

[0332] Clause 17. The cabinet array of Clause 10, further comprising a status indicator operatively coupled to the controller.

[0333] Clause 18. The array of cabinets of clause 10, further comprising a mounting mechanism to releasably secure the plurality of cabinets to a securing surface.

[0334] Clause 19. A method comprising: providing a cabinet assembly comprising a cabinet housing and a cabinet body movable relative to the cabinet housing, wherein the cabinet housing is adapted to receive cabinets of various sizes; receiving a wireless control signal; latching the cabinet body to the cabinet housing in a locked position via a latching mechanism to maintain the cabinet body in a closed position based at least in part on the wireless control signal; unlatching the cabinet body from the cabinet housing in a release position via the latching mechanism based at least in part on the wireless control signal; moving the cabinet body relative to the cabinet housing to an open position; and providing access to a cabinet volume defined within the cabinet body.

[0335] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, further comprising: authenticating a user via an authentication device; and unlatching the cabinet body from the cabinet housing via the latching mechanism in response to authenticating the user via the authentication device.

[0336] Clause 21. A system and method associated with a highly optimized medication storage and dispensing solution in a healthcare setting, comprising a wall mounted vertical installation cabinet array with configurable wirelessly connected smart cabinets (different sizes), multiple user interfaces, server authorized actuator locks, location tracking, and an enterprise solution capable of inventory tracking, the system comprising a processor, memory, input / output devices, environmental sensors, tamper detection and wireless interface, e-ink display, microphone, buzzer, and multi-color LEDs for user interface, identity authentication module (IAM) interface capable of multiple user authentication methods such as smart card reader or biometric, FET based drive circuit to drive multi-color LEDs supporting multiple colors, intensities, and flashing patterns to indicate browsable status of the system, drive circuit for e-ink user interface with multiple views each configured to display current status of workflow, drive circuit for piezoelectric buzzer to provide audio feedback to user, microphone interface circuit to provide wake words and / or voice prompts to user, actuator latch drive circuit and latch state readback method, memory interface to store vertical installation cabinet array state and statistics, sensor interface to monitor tampering, environmental conditions, and content sensing, encryption and security element interface to securely store public / private keys.

[0337] Clause 22. The system architecture of clause 21, utilizing a wall mounted vertical installation cabinet array housing and configurable smart cabinets with wireless connectivity to optimize existing user space. In other embodiments, the vertical installation cabinet array housing with cabinets can be placed on a countertop.

[0338] Clause 23. The system architecture of clause 21, in one implementation, has a latch and electronics to drive the latch as part of the cabinet, and in other implementations, both the latch and electronics are part of the vertically mounted cabinet array housing.

[0339] Clause 24. The system architecture of clause 21, the cabinet tilts open to allow user access to the medication, and in other implementations, the cabinet pops open as a drawer.

[0340] Clause 25. The authentication system of clause 21, automatically determines multiple user authorization methods, and then the user selects one of the determined authorization methods to unlock the vertically mounted cabinet array.

[0341] Clause 26. A method that securely transmits a user identity to a server and obtains authorization to unlock a vertically mounted cabinet array.

[0342] Clause 27. The authentication method of clause 26, in some implementations, uses a contactless smart card, and in other implementations, a barcode, biometric, ECG-based wearable, or mobile phone can be used.

[0343] Clause 28. The authentication method of clause 26, in some implementations, can be remote verification. For example, if a user loses their badge or smartphone, a super user can provide remote authentication.

[0344] Clause 29. The method utilizes sensor interfaces to automatically identify the quantity of contents in the vertically mounted cabinet array, and tamper detection of the vertically mounted cabinet array or housing.

[0345] Clause 30. The method of clause 29, real-time monitoring of tamper detection of the vertically mounted cabinet array housing attached to a wall and the vertically mounted cabinet array attached to the housing using optical or electromagnetic sensing.

[0346] Clause 31. The method of clause 29, supporting sensor interfaces such as load cells, optical with light emitters (such as light emitting diodes) and photodiodes, acoustics, or RF to sense the quantity of contents within the cabinet.

[0347] Clause 32. A method by which audible sounds indicate user actions, such as presenting a badge to a vertically mounted cabinet array or when performing an actuator command.

[0348] Clause 33. The method of clause 32, in some implementations, uses piezoelectric buzzers with different tones to indicate different actions.

[0349] Clause 34. A communication architecture (CA) for the system of clause 1, which can use multiple PAN protocols, such as (802.15.4 / BLE), to talk to remote devices.

[0350] Clause 35. A method to implement a beacon for asset tracking or real-time and offline mode support with the CA.

[0351] Clause 36. The method of clause 35, wherein in the implementation of a vertically mounted cabinet array, hospital IT can be bypassed, reducing installation time, and made a drop-in model due to PAN protocol support.

[0352] Clause 37. The method of clause 35, supporting offline mode. When network connectivity to the on-site hub or gateway is lost, the vertically mounted cabinet array still allows users to continue their actions and store and forward actions when the network is restored.

[0353] Clause 38. The method of clause 35, wherein the vertically mounted cabinet array is capable of broadcasting a beacon to a remote host with medication information for asset tracking. Optionally, users can also use a mobile device such as a cell phone or tablet to read the beacon.

[0354] Clause 39. A power architecture for the system of clause 21, in some implementations, using a disposable battery or rechargeable battery or supercapacitor as the energy source for each cabinet.

[0355] Clause 40. A PA for the system of clause 21, in some implementations, a high capacity energy source can be needed to power the entire vertically mounted cabinet array. Different implementations of high capacity energy sources (PoE, battery, external power supply) and their interfaces using wired or docking connectors are described in the accompanying slides and literature.

[0356] Clause 41. A PA for the system of clause 21, in some implementations, when the vertically mounted cabinet array is connected to an external power supply, the external power supply can either directly power the vertically mounted cabinet array or can charge the batteries on the cabinets or enclosures.

[0357] Clause 42. A PA for the system of clause 21, in some implementations, wireless power transfer can be used to access the vertically mounted cabinet array smart cabinets.

[0358] Clause 43. A method to charge a system, comprising multiple wireless energy sources.

[0359] Clause 44. The method of clause 43, wherein in some cases, near field (such as NFC, Qi, Resonant and Inductive) or far field (such as WiFi, UHF) wireless power transfer is used as an energy source to access the vertically mounted cabinet array.

[0360] Clause 45. The method of clause 43, wherein in some cases, a multiplexed wireless charging scheme is used to charge the secure storage solution as only one storage location within the vertically mounted cabinet array can be accessed at a given time.

[0361] Clause 46. The method of clause 43, wherein in some cases, a guided light or mechanical feature is used to dock the secure storage space for wireless charging.

[0362] Clause 47. A method of conserving energy in a battery operated device based on system usage factors and user preferences, comprising: placing the device in a low power state (from system off state to various levels of sleep state) and periodically waking up (wake up period) to enable wireless radio communication and check in with a gateway / hub for updates or to perform transactions, the low power state and wake up period being configured by the gateway / hub of the device based on system usage factors and user preferences.

[0363] Clause 48. The method of clause 47, in some cases, using environmental sensors, such as occupancy sensors, and in other cases, optionally, a microphone with keyword activation, user action by pressing a button, or system usage factors, such as user presence, office schedule to wake up the device from deep sleep mode.

[0364] Clause 49. A method of energy harvesting using multiple sources to increase the operational life of a vertically mounted cabinet array smart cabinet.

[0365] Clause 50. The method of clause 49, in some cases, using electromagnetic induction from a lock actuator action or wireless energy from an RF source to harvest energy.

[0366] Clause 51. The e-ink user interface of clause 21, in some embodiments, the e-ink will display the drug name, dosage, and expiration date, and in other embodiments, the e-ink can display icons such as in-dock charging or in-transit to display the current status of the relevant drug that has been tracked.

[0367] Clause 52. The multi-color LED user interface of clause 21, in some embodiments, will act as a browsable status indicator. LED color, blinking pattern, and intensity will indicate different statuses based on user access to secure storage locations and workflows, where during a medication loading workflow, LED illumination can guide the user to find the medication at a glance, if the medication in a vertically mounted cabinet array is expired, the LED can flash red, during a medication audit, the system will guide by lighting up the LED so that the user can easily identify the medication, and if the battery level is below a threshold, the LED can flash.

[0368] Clause 53. An intelligent container comprising: a compartment having a plurality of walls and an access component; a memory, the memory comprising a non-volatile data store containing a local cache storing a local inventory of the compartment; an electromechanical latch engaged with a fastening hook of the access component; a communication interface disposed within the intelligent container; an audiovisual element disposed within the intelligent container; and a processor disposed within the intelligent container and configured to: receive, via the communication interface, an authentication request to access the compartment; in response to receiving the authentication request, actuate the electromechanical latch to disengage from the fastening hook, thereby initiating a mechanical motion of the access component to make the compartment accessible; upon actuating the electromechanical latch, output, via the audiovisual element, an alert to identify the intelligent container; confirm that the electromechanical latch has re-engaged with the fastening hook, thereby securing the compartment; determine a change in the local inventory after the confirmation; and update the local inventory in the non-volatile data store according to the change.

[0369] Clause 54. The intelligent container of clause 53, wherein the access component comprises a hinged lid, and wherein the mechanical motion comprises a rotation of the hinged lid.

[0370] Clause 55. The intelligent container of clause 53, wherein the fastening hook is configured to retract into a recess upon disengagement of the fastening hook.

[0371] Clause 56. The intelligent container of clause 53, further comprising a stop configured to limit the access component to a maximum extended position.

[0372] Clause 57. The intelligent container of clause 53, wherein the access component comprises a drawer, and wherein the mechanical motion comprises a sliding of the drawer.

[0373] Clause 58. The intelligent container of clause 53, wherein the mechanical motion is initiated with a force from a spring or an electric motor.

[0374] Clause 59. The intelligent container of clause 53, wherein a portion of the fastening hook is configured to fall into the electromechanical latch when the fastening hook is forcibly disengaged.

[0375] Clause 60. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the audiovisual element comprises a display, and wherein the processor is further configured to output to the display the local inventory, including item descriptions and quantities.

[0376] Clause 61. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the smart container is attachable to a fixed mounting frame with other containers or smart containers to form a stack or array.

[0377] Clause 62. The smart container of clause 53, further comprising one or more sensors including at least one of a load cell, an optical sensor, an electromagnetic sensor, an acoustic sensor, a temperature sensor, a radio frequency (RF) scanner, an impact sensor, a vibration sensor, a tamper sensor, and a location sensor.

[0378] Clause 63. The smart container of clause 62, wherein the processor is configured to utilize the one or more sensors to determine changes in the local inventory.

[0379] Clause 64. The smart container of clause 62, wherein the processor is further configured to: record periodic sensor data from the one or more sensors in a condition log within the non-volatile data store; and determine, based on the condition log, whether an attempt to tamper with the smart container has occurred.

[0380] Clause 65. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the processor is further configured to send, via the communication device, an inventory notification to a remote server when the quantity of the local inventory is below a predetermined threshold level.

[0381] Clause 66. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the smart container is configured to operate in a refrigerated environment.

[0382] Clause 67. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the processor is further configured to: synchronize, via the communication interface, the local inventory with one or more remote smart containers; and receive, via the communication interface, periodic updates of the local cache from the one or more remote smart containers, including locations and inventories of the one or more remote smart containers.

[0383] Clause 68. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the audiovisual element comprises at least one of an e-ink display, a light emitting diode (LED), and a speaker.

[0384] Clause 69. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust a power state of the processor based on a machine learning algorithm trained on usage data collected from a plurality of smart containers.

[0385] Clause 70. The smart container of clause 53, wherein the processor is configured to receive an authentication request in response to detecting proximity of an authenticated user.

[0386] Clause 71. The smart container of clause 53, wherein, prior to receiving the authentication request, the processor is configured to: receive, via the communication interface, a query for an item; determine that the item is stored in the local inventory; and send, via the communication interface, a response to the query including an indication that the item is stored in the local inventory and a location of the smart container.

[0387] Clause 72. A method for automated inventory management, the method comprising: providing a smart container attachable to a fixed mounting frame, the smart container including a compartment having a plurality of walls and an access component; receiving, via a communication interface, an authentication request to access the compartment; in response to receiving the authentication request, actuating an electromechanical latch to disengage a securing hook, thereby initiating mechanical movement of the access component to make the compartment accessible; upon actuating the electromechanical latch, outputting an alert via an audiovisual element to identify the container; confirming that the electromechanical latch has reengaged with the securing hook, thereby securing the compartment; determining a change in local inventory after the confirming; and updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store in accordance with the change.

[0388] Clause 73. The method of clause 72, wherein the access component includes at least one of a hinged lid and a drawer, and wherein the mechanical movement includes at least one of a rotation of the hinged lid and a sliding of the drawer.

[0389] Clause 74. A non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions that, when read by one or more processors, cause a method comprising: receiving, via a communication interface, an authentication request to access a compartment of a smart container, the compartment having a plurality of walls and an access component; in response to receiving the authentication request, actuating an electromechanical latch to disengage a securing hook, thereby initiating mechanical movement of the access component to make the compartment accessible; upon actuating the electromechanical latch, outputting an alert via an audiovisual element to identify the container; confirming that the electromechanical latch has reengaged with the securing hook, thereby securing the compartment; determining a change in local inventory after the confirming; and updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store in accordance with the change.

[0390] Further Considerations

[0391] In some embodiments, any of the clauses herein can depend from any one independent clause or any one dependent clause. In an aspect, any clause (e.g., dependent or independent) can be combined with any other one or more clauses (e.g., dependent or independent). In an aspect, a claim can include some or all of the words recited in a clause, sentence, phrase, or paragraph (e.g., steps, operations, means, or elements). In an aspect, a claim can include some or all of the words recited in one or more clauses, sentences, phrases, or paragraphs. In an aspect, some words can be removed from each clause, sentence, phrase, or paragraph. In an aspect, additional words or elements can be added to a clause, sentence, phrase, or paragraph. In an aspect, the subject technology can be practiced without utilizing some of the components, elements, functions, or operations described herein. In an aspect, the subject technology can be practiced with additional components, elements, functions, or operations.

[0392] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods, and algorithms described herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods, and algorithms have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application. Various components and blocks can be rearranged in

[0393] It should be understood that the particular order in which the steps of the disclosed processes have been presented is exemplary. The particular order in which steps of processes have been presented is immaterial so long as the steps remain in the correct order. Some steps can be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims set forth the elements of the various steps in the order in which they are performed. The method claims are not meant to be limited by the order in which the steps are recited.

[0394] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The preceding description provides examples of various aspects, and the subject technology is not limited to these examples. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless specifically so stated, but rather "one or more." Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Singular referents include the plural, and plural referents include the singular. Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the disclosure.

[0395] As used herein, the term "website" can include any aspect of a website, including one or more webpages, one or more servers used to host or store webpage-related content, etc. Thus, the term "website" can be used interchangeably with the terms "webpage" and "server." The predicate words "configured to," "operable to," and "programmed to" do not imply any particular tangible or intangible modification of a subject, but, rather, are intended to be synonymous with the words "caused to," "adapted to," and "programmed to," respectively. For example, a processor configured to monitor and control an operation or a component can also mean a processor caused to monitor and control the operation or a processor operable to monitor and control the operation. Similarly, a processor configured to execute code can be interpreted as a processor programmed to execute the code or a processor operable to execute the code.

[0396] As used herein, the term "automatically" can include performance by a computer or machine without user intervention; for example, by a computer, machine, or other initiating mechanism in response to an instruction of a predicate action. The word "example" is used herein to mean "serving as an example or illustration." Any aspect or design described herein as "example" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs.

[0397] Phrases such as "aspect" do not imply that a particular aspect is essential to the subject technology, or that the subject technology necessarily includes all aspects. A disclosure relating to one aspect can apply to all or one or more aspects. One aspect can provide one or more examples. A phrase such as "aspect" can refer to one or more aspects, and vice versa. Phrases such as "implementation" do not imply that a particular implementation is essential to the subject technology, or that the subject technology necessarily includes all implementations. A disclosure relating to an implementation can apply to all or one or more implementations. An implementation can provide one or more examples. A phrase such as "implementation" can refer to one or more implementations, and vice versa. Phrases such as "configuration" do not imply that a particular configuration is essential to the subject technology, or that the subject technology necessarily includes all configurations. A disclosure relating to a "configuration" can apply to all or one or more configurations. A configuration can provide one or more examples. A phrase such as "configuration" can refer to one or more configurations, and vice versa.

[0398] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, generating, obtaining, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like via a hardware component. Additionally, "determining" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like via a hardware component without

[0399] As used herein, the term "providing" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "providing" can include storing a value in a location in a storage for subsequent retrieval, transmitting the value directly to a recipient via at least one wired or wireless communication medium, transmitting or storing a reference to the value, and the like. "Providing" can also include encoding, decoding, encrypting, decrypting, authenticating, verifying and the like via a hardware component.

[0400] As used herein, the term "message" encompasses a variety of formats for communicating (e.g., transmitting or receiving) information. A message can include a set of machine-readable information, such as an XML document, a fixed field message, a comma separated message and the like. In some implementations, a message can include a signal or signals for transmitting one or more representations of information. Although recited in the singular, it will be understood that a message can be written, transmitted, stored, received and the like in multiple parts.

[0401] As used herein, the term "selectively" or "selectivity" can include a wide variety of actions. For example, a "selective" process can include determining one option from a plurality of options. A "selective" process can include one or more of: dynamically determined inputs, preconfigured inputs, or user initiated inputs for making a determination. In some embodiments, an n-input switch can be included to provide selective functionality, where n is the number of inputs used to make a selection.

[0402] As used herein, the term "corresponding" or "correspondence" includes a structural, functional, quantitative, and / or qualitative association or relationship between two or more objects, datasets, information, and / or the like, preferably where the correspondence or relationship can be used to transform one or more of the two or more objects, datasets, information, and / or the like to appear identical or equivalent. The correspondence can be evaluated using one or more of a threshold, a range of values, fuzzy logic, pattern matching, a machine learning evaluation model, or combinations thereof.

[0403] The described features can include machine learning. Machine learning can include models, equations, artificial neural networks, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, decision trees, or other machine-readable artificial intelligence structures. Examples of machine learning and modeling features that can be included in the above-described embodiments are described in Qiu et al., "A survey of machine learning for big data processing," EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0404] In any embodiment, generated or detected data can be forwarded to a "remote" device or location, where "remote" means a location or device other than the location or device where the program is executed. For example, a remote location can be another location (e.g., office, laboratory, etc.) in the same city, another location in a different city, another location in a different state, another location in a different country, etc. Thus, when one item is indicated to be "remote" from another item, it means that the two items can be in the same room but separated, or at least in different rooms or different buildings, and can be at least one mile, ten miles, or at least one hundred miles apart. "Communicating" information means transmitting the data representing that information as an electrical signal over a suitable communication channel (e.g., a private or public network). "Forwarding" an item means any means of transporting that item from one location to the next, whether by physically transporting the item or by other means (where possible), and includes, at least in the case of data, physically transporting a medium carrying the data or transmitting the data, as the case can be. Examples of communication media include radio or infrared transmission channels as well as a network connection to another computer or networking device, and the Internet or other information

[0405] All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for" or "step for." Additionally, where particular elements of the claim recited in the specification are to be implemented, at least partially, using software, the claim has specific, preferred corresponding software expressions.

Claims

1. A cabinet identification system, comprising: a cabinet housing adapted to receive cabinets of different sizes, the cabinet housing comprising a vertical mounting structure; a plurality of cabinets, each cabinet comprising: a processor; a non-volatile memory; an audiovisual device; a latching hook, and the cabinet defining a cabinet volume, wherein the cabinet is movable relative to the cabinet housing to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and to prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position; and an electromechanical latching mechanism coupled to the cabinet housing, the latching mechanism comprising a latching member, wherein the latching member engages the latching hook in a locked position to retain the cabinet in the closed position and the latching member is disengaged from the latching hook in a released position; and a server configured to: receive a user request from a mobile device to identify a container storing a particular item; detect a location of the mobile device; query a server inventory to identify a respective cabinet closest to the mobile device; instruct the respective cabinet closest to the mobile device to display an alert via the audiovisual device of the cabinet to identify that the cabinet contains the particular item; and guide a plurality of cabinets between the mobile device and the respective cabinet to illuminate their audiovisual devices, thereby providing a visible path to the respective cabinet having the requested item; wherein the processor of each cabinet is configured to: synchronize a local inventory stored in the non-volatile memory of the cabinet with the server inventory stored on the server via a network and provide a current location of the cabinet to the server; receive a wireless control signal instructing a user request to access the cabinet volume of the cabinet; control movement of the latching member based at least in part on the wireless control signal to allow access to the cabinet volume; and output an alert via the audiovisual device of the cabinet to identify that access to the cabinet volume is provided after the movement of the latching member.

2. The cabinet identification system of claim 1, wherein, the processor is further configured to: confirm that the electromechanical latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook, thereby securing the cabinet volume; determine a change in the local inventory based on measurements provided by sensors within the cabinet housing after confirming that the electromechanical latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook; and update the local inventory in the non-volatile data store in response to determining a change in the local inventory.

3. The cabinet identification system of claim 2, further comprising: a load sensor comprising a load cell configured to measure a mass of items within the housing, wherein determining a change in the local inventory comprises: measuring the mass of items within the housing; and estimating a change in the number of items based on measuring the mass of items within the housing to estimate the change in the local inventory.

4. The cabinet identification system of claim 3, further comprising: a location sensor configured to determine a geographic location of the cabinet housing; wherein the server is further configured to: determine that a tampering or an attempt to divert contents within the cabinet housing has occurred based on the estimate of the change in the number of items; and in response to determining that a tampering or an attempt to divert contents has occurred: ​ determine, based on measurements from the location sensor, a current location and a location history of the cabinet enclosure; and communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user.

5. The cabinet identification system of claim 2, further comprising: a temperature and humidity sensor, wherein the server is further configured to, after confirming that the electromechanical latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook, measure a temperature and a humidity inside the cabinet volume using the temperature and humidity sensor; determine, based on the measurements of the temperature and the humidity inside the cabinet enclosure, that a tampering or an attempt to divert contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred; and communicate the temperature and the humidity inside the cabinet volume and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user.

6. The cabinet identification system of claim 5, further comprising: a location sensor configured to determine a geographic location of the cabinet enclosure; wherein the server is further configured to, in response to determining that a tampering or an attempt to divert contents has occurred, determine, based on measurements from the location sensor, a current location and a location history of the cabinet enclosure; communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the user for display of an alert to the user.

7. The cabinet identification system of claim 2, further comprising: one or more impact and vibration sensors; a location sensor configured to determine a geographic location of the cabinet enclosure; wherein the server is further configured to: determine, in response to receiving a signal from the one or more impact and vibration sensors, a force applied to the cabinet enclosure; determine that the force applied to the cabinet enclosure satisfies a predetermined detection threshold; determine, based on the force satisfying the predetermined detection threshold, that a tampering or an attempt to divert contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred; determine, based on measurements from the location sensor, a current location and a location history of the cabinet enclosure; and communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user.

8. A cabinet identification system, comprising: a plurality of cabinet assemblies, wherein each cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies comprises: a cabinet enclosure adapted to receive a cabinet of varying sizes, the cabinet enclosure comprising a vertical mounting structure; an audiovisual device; a cabinet comprising a latching hook and defining a cabinet volume, wherein the cabinet is movable relative to the cabinet enclosure to allow access to the cabinet volume in an open position and to prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position, wherein each cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies is disposed horizontally adjacent or vertically adjacent to an adjacent cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies; and a server configured to: receive a signal from the one or more impact and vibration sensors; determine, in response to receiving the signal from the one or more impact and vibration sensors, a force applied to the cabinet enclosure; determine that the force applied to the cabinet enclosure satisfies a predetermined detection threshold; determine, based on the force satisfying the predetermined detection threshold, that a tampering or an attempt to divert contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred; determine, based on measurements from the location sensor, a current location and a location history of the cabinet enclosure; and communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user. an electromechanical latching mechanism configured to engage a latching hook of a respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in a locked position to retain a cabinet of the respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in a closed position, and disengage the latching hook of the respective cabinet assembly of the plurality of cabinet assemblies in a released position; a controller configured to: receive, from a mobile device, a user request to identify a container storing a particular item; detect a location of the mobile device; query a server inventory to identify a respective cabinet closest to the mobile device; instruct the respective cabinet closest to the mobile device to display an alert via an audiovisual device of the cabinet to identify that the cabinet contains the particular item; and guide a plurality of cabinets between the mobile device and the respective cabinet to illuminate their audiovisual devices to provide a visible path to the respective cabinet having the requested item; wherein a processor of each cabinet is configured to: synchronize, via a network, a local inventory stored in a non-volatile memory of the cabinet with a server inventory stored on the controller and provide the controller with a current location of the cabinet; receive a wireless control signal instructing a user request to access a respective cabinet of a respective cabinet assembly; control engagement of the latching hook based at least in part on the wireless control signal to allow access to a cabinet volume of the respective cabinet; and after movement of the latching hook, output an alert via an audiovisual device of the respective cabinet to identify the respective cabinet and the respective cabinet assembly from other cabinets and other cabinet assemblies of the plurality of cabinet assemblies and to identify that access to the respective cabinet was provided.

9. The cabinet identification system of claim 8, wherein, the controller is further configured to: confirm that the electromechanical latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook to secure the cabinet volume; after confirming that the electromechanical latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook, determine a change in the local inventory based on measurements provided by sensors within the cabinet enclosure; and in response to determining the change in the local inventory, update the local inventory in the non-volatile data store.

10. The cabinet identification system of claim 9, further comprising: a load sensor comprising a load cell configured to measure a mass of items within the enclosure, wherein determining the change in the local inventory comprises: measuring the mass of items within the enclosure; and estimating a change in the number of items based on measuring the mass of items within the enclosure to estimate the change in the local inventory.

11. The cabinet identification system of claim 10, further comprising: a location sensor configured to determine a geographic location of the cabinet assembly; wherein the controller is further configured to: based on the estimate of the change in the number of items, determine that tampering or an attempt to transfer contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred; and in response to determining that tampering or an attempt to transfer contents has occurred: based on measurements from the location sensor, determine a current location and a location history of the cabinet assembly; and communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user.

12. The cabinet identification system of claim 9, further comprising: temperature and humidity sensors, wherein the controller is further configured to, after confirming that the electromechanical latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook, measure temperature and humidity inside the cabinet volume using the temperature and humidity sensors; determine that a tampering or an attempt to remove contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred based on the measurements of the temperature and humidity inside the cabinet enclosure; and communicate the temperature and humidity inside the cabinet volume and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for displaying an alert to a user.

13. The cabinet identification system of claim 12, further comprising: a location sensor configured to determine a geographic location of the cabinet assembly; wherein the controller is further configured to, in response to determining that a tampering or an attempt to remove contents has occurred, determine a current location and a location history of the cabinet assembly based on measurements from the location sensor; communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the user for displaying an alert to the user.

14. The cabinet identification system of claim 9, further comprising: one or more impact and vibration sensors; a location sensor configured to determine a geographic location of the cabinet assembly; wherein the controller is further configured to: determine a force applied to the cabinet assembly in response to receiving a signal from the one or more impact and vibration sensors; determine that the force applied to the cabinet assembly satisfies a predetermined detection threshold; determine that a tampering or an attempt to remove contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred based on the force satisfying the predetermined detection threshold; determine a current location and a location history of the cabinet assembly based on measurements from the location sensor; and communicate the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for displaying an alert to a user.

15. A method comprising: providing a cabinet assembly comprising a cabinet enclosure and a cabinet body movable relative to the cabinet enclosure, wherein the cabinet enclosure is adapted to receive different sizes of cabinets; synchronizing, via a network, a local inventory stored in a non-volatile memory of each cabinet of a plurality of cabinets with a server inventory stored on a server, including a current location of each cabinet, each cabinet of the plurality of cabinets comprising an access component movable relative to a cabinet enclosure of the cabinet to allow access to a cabinet volume in an open position and prevent access to the cabinet volume in a closed position; receiving, from a mobile device, a user request to identify a container storing a particular item; detecting a location of the mobile device; querying the server inventory to identify a corresponding cabinet closest to the mobile device; instructing the corresponding cabinet closest to the mobile device to display an alert via an audiovisual device to identify that the cabinet contains the particular item; guiding a plurality of cabinets between the mobile device and the corresponding cabinet to illuminate their audiovisual devices, thereby providing a visible path to a target container having the requested item; receiving a wireless control signal instructing a user request to access the corresponding cabinet of the corresponding cabinet assembly; latch the cabinet body to the cabinet enclosure in a locked position via a latching mechanism to maintain the cabinet body in a closed position based at least in part on the wireless control signal; unlatch the cabinet body from the cabinet enclosure in a release position via the latching mechanism based at least in part on the wireless control signal; move the cabinet body relative to the cabinet enclosure to an open position to provide access to a cabinet volume defined within the cabinet body; output an alert via an audio-visual device upon unlatching the cabinet body to identify that access to the corresponding cabinet has been provided.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: confirming that the latching mechanism has re-engaged to secure the cabinet body to the cabinet enclosure; determining a change in local inventory of the cabinet assembly based on measurements provided by sensors within the cabinet enclosure after confirming that the latching mechanism has re-engaged; and updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store in response to determining the change in local inventory.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: measuring a mass of items within the enclosure with a load sensor integrated with the cabinet enclosure, wherein determining the change in local inventory comprises: measuring the mass of items within the cabinet enclosure; and estimating a change in item quantity based on measuring the mass of items within the cabinet enclosure to estimate the change in local inventory.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: determining that tampering or an attempt to transfer contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred based on the estimate of the change in item quantity; and in response to determining that tampering or an attempt to transfer contents has occurred: determining a current location and a location history of the cabinet assembly based on measurements from location sensors integrated with the cabinet enclosure; and communicating the current location, the location history, and a local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising: after confirming that the latching mechanism has re-engaged with the latching hook, measuring a temperature and a humidity inside the cabinet volume using one or more temperature and humidity sensors integrated with the cabinet enclosure; determining that tampering or an attempt to transfer contents within the cabinet enclosure has occurred based on the measurements of the temperature and the humidity inside the cabinet enclosure; and communicating the temperature and the humidity inside the cabinet volume and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the mobile device for display of an alert to a user.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: in response to determining that tampering or an attempt to transfer contents has occurred: determining a current location and a location history of the cabinet assembly based on measurements from location sensors integrated with the cabinet enclosure; communicating the current location, the location history, and the local inventory status to a computing device remote from the user for display of an alert to the user.

21. A mobile smart container system, comprising: an enclosure; an access component configured to ensure access to a compartment within the enclosure when in a closed position; a communication interface configured to wirelessly receive a request to access the compartment; a perceptible output device; an electromechanical latch configured to engage the access component to releasably lock the access component in a closed position; a processor configured to execute instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving and authenticating a request from a mobile device to access an item; determining a location of the mobile device relative to the mobile smart container system; determining that the compartment contains an item and is closer to the mobile device than other compartments storing at least one instance of the item; in response to receiving and authenticating the request and determining that the compartment contains an item and is closer to the mobile device than other compartments, generating an unlock signal to activate the electromechanical latch to unlock the access component to make the compartment accessible; and after generating the unlock signal, outputting an alert via the perceptible output device to identify the mobile smart container system from adjacent smart container systems.

22. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, wherein, the electromechanical latch is configured to engage a fastening hook of the access component, and wherein the operations further comprise: activating the electromechanical latch to disengage the fastening hook, thereby initiating mechanical movement of the access component to make the compartment accessible.

23. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, wherein, the operations further comprise: after the compartment is accessible, confirming that the electromechanical latch has re-engaged with the access component to re-secure the compartment; after confirming, determining a change in local inventory of the compartment; and updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store according to the change.

24. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, wherein, the operations further comprise: receiving a change in a quantity of items stored within the compartment; activating a sensor within the housing to measure a weight within the compartment; determining a theoretical weight based on the received change; and confirming the change based on a comparison of the measured weight to the theoretical weight.

25. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, wherein, the operations further comprise: measuring an environmental condition within the housing using a sensor within the housing; determining whether the measured environmental condition satisfies a threshold; and activating the perceptible output device when the measured environmental condition satisfies the threshold.

26. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, wherein, the mobile smart container system corresponds to a node in a mesh network of a plurality of smart containers, and wherein the operations further comprise: inquiring node locations of respective smart containers storing an item requested for access in the mesh network; identifying node locations of respective smart containers storing the item; and visually identifying a geographic location of respective smart containers storing the item.

27. The mobile smart container system of claim 26, wherein, visually identifying the geographic location of the respective smart containers storing the item includes providing the geographic location to a mobile device when the mobile device is wirelessly connected to the communication interface.

28. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, further comprising: a location sensor within the housing, wherein the operations further comprise: periodically generating location information with the location sensor; identifying a deviation from an expected location or route based on the periodically generated location information; and in response to the deviation, activating the perceptible output device or locking the electromechanical latch. the electromechanical latch is configured to engage a fastening hook of the access component, and wherein the operations further comprise: activating the electromechanical latch to disengage the fastening hook, thereby initiating mechanical movement of the access component to make the compartment accessible. the operations further comprise: after the compartment is accessible, confirming that the electromechanical latch has re-engaged with the access component to re-secure the compartment; after confirming, determining a change in local inventory of the compartment; and updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store according to the change. the operations further comprise: receiving a change in a quantity of items stored within the compartment; activating a sensor within the housing to measure a weight within the compartment; determining a theoretical weight based on the received change; and confirming the change based on a comparison of the measured weight to the theoretical weight. the operations further comprise: measuring an environmental condition within the housing using a sensor within the housing; determining whether the measured environmental condition satisfies a threshold; and activating the perceptible output device when the measured environmental condition satisfies the threshold. the mobile smart container system corresponds to a node in a mesh network of a plurality of smart containers, and wherein the operations further comprise: inquiring node locations of respective smart containers storing an item requested for access in the mesh network; identifying node locations of respective smart containers storing the item; and visually identifying a geographic location of respective smart containers storing the item. visually identifying the geographic location of the respective smart containers storing the item includes providing the geographic location to a mobile device when the mobile device is wirelessly connected to the communication interface.

28. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, further comprising: a location sensor within the housing, wherein the operations further comprise: periodically generating location information with the location sensor; identifying a deviation from an expected location or route based on the periodically generated location information; and in response to the deviation, activating the perceptible output device or locking the electromechanical latch.

29. The mobile smart container system of claim 21, further comprising: a smart lock reader module including the communication interface and processor; and a latch actuator within the housing configured to operate the electromechanical latch in response to a wireless signal from the smart lock reader module, wherein a portion of an exterior of the housing is shaped to receive the smart lock reader module, wherein the operations further comprise: receiving and authenticating a request to access the compartment via the smart lock reader module; and wirelessly actuating the latch actuator to operate the electromechanical latch.

30. A machine-implemented method comprising: receiving, by a communication interface, a request to access an item, the request associated with a mobile device, wherein the item is stored in a compartment of a smart container, the compartment protected by an access component and an electromechanical latch configured to engage with the access component to releasably lock the access component in a closed position; determining a location of the mobile device relative to the smart container; determining that a first compartment contains the item and is closer to the mobile device than other compartments in which the item is stored; determining that the request has been authenticated; in response to determining that the request has been authenticated and determining that the compartment contains the item and is closer to the mobile device than other compartments, generating an unlock signal to activate the electromechanical latch to unlock the access component to make the compartment accessible; and after generating the unlock signal, outputting an alert via a perceptible output device associated with the smart container to identify the smart container from adjacent smart containers.

31. The machine-implemented method of claim 30, wherein, the electromechanical latch is configured to engage a securing hook of the access component, wherein the method further comprises: activating the electromechanical latch to disengage the securing hook to initiate mechanical movement of the access component to make the compartment accessible.

32. The machine-implemented method of claim 30, wherein, the method further comprises: after the compartment is accessible, confirming that the electromechanical latch has re-engaged with the access component to re-protect the compartment; after confirming, determining a change in local inventory of the compartment; and updating the local inventory in a non-volatile data store according to the change.

33. The machine-implemented method of claim 30, wherein, the method further comprises: receiving a change in a quantity of items stored within the compartment; activating a sensor within the smart container to measure a weight within the compartment; determining a theoretical weight based on the received change; and confirming the change based on a comparison of the measured weight to the theoretical weight.

34. The machine-implemented method of claim 30, wherein, the method further comprises: measuring an environmental condition within the smart container using a sensor within the smart container; determining whether the measured environmental condition satisfies a threshold; and activating the perceptible output device when the measured environmental condition satisfies the threshold.

35. The machine-implemented method of claim 30, wherein, the compartment corresponds to a node in a mesh network of multiple smart containers, and wherein the method further comprises: inquiring node locations of respective smart containers storing an item requested for access in the mesh network; identifying the node locations of respective smart containers storing the item; and visually identifying a geographic location of the respective smart containers storing the item.

36. The machine-implemented method of claim 35, wherein, visually identifying the geographic location of the respective smart container in which the item is stored includes providing the mobile device with the geographic location when the mobile device is wirelessly connected to the communication interface.

37. The machine-implemented method of claim 30, wherein, The method further includes: periodically generating location information for the smart container with a location sensor of the smart container; identifying a deviation from an expected location or route based on the periodically generated location information; and in response to the deviation, activating the perceptible output device or locking the electromechanical latch.

38. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause a processor to perform a method comprising: receiving, by a communication interface, a request to access an item, the request being associated with a mobile device, wherein the item is stored in a compartment, the compartment being protected by an access component and an electromechanical latch, the electromechanical latch being configured to engage with the access component to releasably lock the access component in a closed position; determining a location of the mobile device relative to the compartment; determining that a first compartment contains the item and is closer to the mobile device than other compartments in which the item is stored; determining that the request has been authenticated; in response to determining that the request has been authenticated and determining that the compartment contains the item and is closer to the mobile device than other compartments, generating an unlock signal to activate the electromechanical latch to unlock the access component to make the compartment accessible; and outputting, via a perceptible output device, an alert to identify the compartment from adjacent compartments after generating the unlock signal.

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