A locally homogenized metal layered composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a locally homogenized metal layered composite material and a preparation method, which belongs to the field of metal layered composite materials. The area to be welded of the metal layered composite raw material is machined, the non-welding material layer is removed and the remaining side is machined into a slope, the welding substrate layer is retained and a machined surface is constructed thereon, and the area to be composited is composed of the slope and the machined surface; a coating preparation method is used to coat the area to be composited with a layer of metal material that is homogeneous with the metal material of the welding substrate layer, so that a uniform material area in which the area to be welded is entirely made of the metal material of the welding substrate layer is obtained, thereby preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite blank; the composite blank is post-processed to obtain a locally homogenized metal layered composite material. The present invention is particularly suitable for preparing locally homogenized metal layered composite materials with a relatively thin thickness, and can be directly used for industrial low-cost, high-efficiency, high-quality welding-formed metal layered composite products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of metal layered composite materials, and in particular relates to a locally homogenized metal layered composite material and a preparation method thereof, and is particularly suitable for preparing locally homogenized metal layered composite materials with a relatively thin thickness. Background Art

[0002] Metal layered composite materials are composed of two or more heterogeneous component metal materials, and have the excellent properties of each component metal material. They are widely used in aerospace, transportation, petrochemical, electronic communications, daily life, national defense and military industries, etc. In the subsequent deep processing or application process, the metal layered composite materials are usually welded. However, since the metal layered composite materials are composed of different heterogeneous component metal materials, in the high temperature environment of welding and the remelting process, the heterogeneous component metal materials are very likely to react with each other, and brittle intermetallic compounds are generated at the composite interface or weld joint area, thereby reducing or destroying the quality of the weld joint, and even causing the interface bonding quality of the metal layered composite material in the weld heat affected zone to decline, resulting in the metal layered composite material being unable to be used stably for a long time, posing a safety hazard. In particular, it is more difficult to weld and form thinner metal layered composite materials.

[0003] Currently, the welding of metal layered composites mainly adopts welding methods such as butt welding, lap welding and transition welding. The welding heat distribution is adjusted by designing different shapes of weld joint grooves such as V-shaped, Y-shaped, X-shaped, U-shaped and trapezoidal. When butt welding is used, it is difficult to achieve high-quality welding of the metal layered composite interface with a single solder. Moreover, reactions will inevitably occur at the interface between the two metal layers. In severe cases, the entire weld joint will be damaged and cracking and failure will occur. In particular, for thinner metal layered composites, butt welding is almost impossible to perform. When lap welding is used, the surface of the welded material is uneven and the thickness is uneven. At the same time, a cavity will be formed between the cover plate and the metal layered composite, which becomes a weak area of ​​the entire metal layered composite. During service, it is easy to cause uneven stress and performance instability. Moreover, for thinner metal layered composites, since both the cover and the base are thin, the high temperature generated during welding will be quickly transferred to the composite interface of the metal layered composite, causing the composite interface to react easily and weakening the bonding strength of the composite interface. When transition welding is used, a transition layer of metal needs to be added between the welds of the two component metal materials to hinder the reaction between the component metal materials. The process is complicated and the cost is high. At the same time, the high temperature generated during welding will still cause the interfaces of the component metal materials to react, reducing the interface bonding strength. Moreover, this method is only applicable to thicker metal layered composite materials and cannot be used for thinner metal layered composite materials.

[0004] Existing welding technologies such as fusion welding, solid-phase welding, or brazing have been widely used in the welding and forming of single metal materials, achieving high-quality welding of metal materials, achieving excellent results, and obtaining high-performance welded joints. Transforming the welding of metal layered composite materials into welding of a single metal material, and performing localized homogenization of the metal material in the area to be welded of the metal layered composite material, thereby converting the welding between multiple layers of metal materials into welding between single metal materials, is an important measure to solve the current welding problems of metal layered composite materials. However, how to achieve high-quality localized homogenization of the metal material in the area to be welded of the metal layered composite material is currently a difficult problem in the welding of metal layered composite materials.

[0005] Therefore, developing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material and a preparation method thereof is of great significance for achieving high-quality welding forming of metal layered composite materials and accelerating the promotion and application of metal layered composite materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems that the reaction between the component metal materials during the welding process of metal layered composite materials is easy to occur and seriously damages the quality of the weld joint, resulting in the inability of the metal layered composite materials to be used stably for a long time and the existence of safety hazards, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a locally homogenized metal layered composite material and a preparation method. By combining the coating preparation technology and the post-processing process, a locally homogenized area composed of a single component metal material is prepared in the area to be welded of the metal layered composite material to obtain a locally homogenized metal layered composite material. In the subsequent welding process of the metal layered composite material, only the locally homogenized area is welded, which will not affect the composite interface and the component metal materials of the metal layered composite material. It is particularly suitable for preparing locally homogenized metal layered composite materials with a relatively thin thickness and can be directly used for industrial low-cost, high-efficiency, high-quality welding to form metal layered composite products.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material is provided, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Divide the area to be welded of the metal layered composite material into a welding substrate layer and a non-welding material layer;

[0009] Step 2: removing the non-welding material layer and processing the remaining side thereof into a slope; retaining the welding substrate layer, constructing a machined surface on the welding substrate layer, and the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited;

[0010] Step 3: performing surface treatment on the area to be composited using a surface treatment method;

[0011] Step 4: Using a coating preparation method to coat the surface-treated area to be composited with a metal coating of the same material as the metal material of the welding substrate layer, thereby obtaining a uniform material area of ​​the metal material of the welding substrate layer in the area to be composited, thereby preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite blank;

[0012] Step 5: Post-processing the locally homogenized metal layered composite blank to obtain a locally homogenized metal layered composite material.

[0013] Furthermore, the state of the metal layered composite raw material is at least one of a plastic processing composite state, a casting composite state, a cast-rolling composite state, a welding composite state, a powder metallurgy composite state, an additive manufacturing composite state, a plating composite state, a spraying composite state or a heat treatment composite state.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle formed by the slope and the machined surface is 90° to 179°, preferably 120° to 170°. A small amount of processing on the slope can significantly expand the bonding area of ​​the slope, thereby improving the overall bonding quality of the slope and the coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the surface treatment method is at least one of mechanical grinding, polishing, sandblasting or pickling.

[0016] Furthermore, the region to be composited is formed in one step by a machining method, or step 3 is eliminated.

[0017] Furthermore, a layer of the metal material coating is simultaneously applied within the area to be composited and the closely connected welding heat-affected area.

[0018] Here, the “welding heat affected zone” refers to the area where the base material undergoes changes in metallurgical structure and mechanical properties due to being affected by heat but not melted during the welding process.

[0019] Furthermore, the coating preparation method is at least one of spraying, plastic processing, heat treatment, welding, additive manufacturing or plating, and the spraying is at least one of thermal spraying, cold spraying or plasma spraying.

[0020] Furthermore, the post-processing method is at least one of heat treatment, plastic processing, remelting, welding or machining.

[0021] Furthermore, according to the actual preparation situation of the metal layered composite raw material, a locally homogenized metal layered composite material is prepared synchronously and continuously online.

[0022] Furthermore, the locally homogenized metal layered composite material is welded and formed by at least one welding technique selected from fusion welding, solid phase welding or brazing.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a locally homogenized metal layered composite material is provided. The locally homogenized metal layered composite material is prepared by the method according to any one of the above aspects.

[0024] Furthermore, the thickness of the locally homogenized metal layered composite material is ≤10 mm, and the thickness of the welding substrate layer is ≥0.1 mm.

[0025] The main advantages of the present invention are:

[0026] (1) The preparation method of the present invention combines a coating preparation method with a post-processing method, and directly performs a local homogenized coating preparation process on a metal layered composite raw material that has not been post-processed. Then, the area to be composited and the heterogeneous component metal materials of the metal layered composite raw material are subjected to homogenization post-processing at one time. While reducing the post-processing steps, it can effectively achieve the coordinated post-processing of the coating and the metal layered composite raw material. On this basis, high-quality and high-performance locally homogenized metal layered composite materials are obtained, which is particularly suitable for preparing locally homogenized metal layered composite materials with a relatively thin thickness.

[0027] (2) The preparation method of the present invention constructs a composite interface structure of a machined surface and a sloped tortuous multi-interface in the area to be composited, retains the welding substrate layer and constructs a slope on the side of the non-welding material layer in the area to be composited. The construction of the slope slows down the excessive flatness trend between the slope and the machined surface, and between the slope and the surface of the non-welding material layer, so that the multi-heterogeneous component composite tortuous multi-interface in the area to be composited forms a whole, which is beneficial to the coordinated composite of the coating with the machined surface and the slope during the coating preparation process, and realizes high-quality composite of a coating with two or more heterogeneous component metal materials at the same time.

[0028] (3) The locally homogenized metal layered composite material prepared by the present invention increases the selectivity of welding technology by homogenizing the welding area. A single solder can be used for one-pass welding. During the welding process, direct reaction between heterogeneous component metal materials can be avoided, thereby achieving high-efficiency and high-quality welding of the metal layered composite material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the preparation process of locally homogenized metal layered composite materials.

[0030] Figure 2 This is the cross-sectional morphology of the locally homogenized pure titanium / Q235 steel layered composite billet.

[0031] Figure 3 This is the cross-sectional morphology of the locally homogenized pure titanium / Q235 steel layered composite material.

[0032] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional morphology of locally homogenized pure titanium / T2 copper / pure titanium layered composite material.

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional morphology of locally homogenized pure titanium / pure aluminum / Q235 steel layered composite material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make non-essential improvements and adjustments based on the contents of the present invention.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0036] The present invention provides a method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material. The preparation process is as follows: Figure 1 The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Divide the area to be welded of the metal layered composite material into a welding substrate layer and a non-welding material layer according to actual application requirements.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the state of the metal layered composite raw material is at least one of a plastic processing composite state, a casting composite state, a cast-rolling composite state, a welding composite state, a powder metallurgy composite state, an additive manufacturing composite state, a plating composite state, a spraying composite state or a heat treatment composite state.

[0039] Step 2: Machining the area to be welded, removing the non-welding material layer and machining the remaining side into a slope, retaining the welding substrate layer, and constructing a machined surface on the welding substrate layer. The angle formed by the slope and the machined surface is 90° to 179°, and the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited.

[0040] Step 3: performing surface treatment on the area to be composited by using at least one surface treatment method selected from mechanical grinding, polishing, sandblasting or pickling.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the region to be composited is formed in one step by a machining method, or step 3 is omitted.

[0042] Step 4: Use at least one coating preparation method selected from spraying, plastic processing, heat treatment, welding, additive manufacturing or plating to coat the surface-treated area to be composited with a layer of metal material coating that is homogeneous with the metal material of the welding substrate layer, so as to obtain a uniform material area in which the entire area to be composited is made of the metal material of the welding substrate layer, thereby preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite blank.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the spraying is at least one of thermal spraying, cold spraying or plasma spraying.

[0044] Step 5: performing at least one post-treatment of heat treatment, plastic working, remelting, welding or machining on the locally homogenized metal layered composite blank to obtain a locally homogenized metal layered composite material.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, based on the actual preparation of the metal layered composite material, a locally homogenized metal layered composite material is prepared synchronously and continuously online.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the locally homogenized metal layered composite material is welded and formed by using at least one welding technique selected from fusion welding, solid phase welding or brazing.

[0047] The present invention also provides a locally homogenized metal layered composite material, which is prepared by the method according to any one of the above aspects.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] Preparation of locally homogenized pure titanium / Q235 steel layered composite materials, the specific steps are as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Divide the area to be welded of the pure titanium / Q235 steel layered pre-composite blank into a welding substrate titanium layer and a non-welding material steel layer;

[0051] Step 2: Machining the area to be welded, removing the non-welding material steel layer and machining the remaining side surface into a slope, retaining the welding substrate titanium layer, and constructing a machined surface on the welding substrate titanium layer, wherein the angle formed by the slope and the machined surface is 150 degrees, and the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited;

[0052] Step 3: sequentially performing surface treatment on the area to be composited by mechanical grinding and sandblasting surface treatment methods;

[0053] Step 4: A layer of pure titanium coating of the same material as the titanium layer of the welding substrate is simultaneously coated on the surface-treated area to be composited and its closely connected welding heat-affected area by a cold spray coating preparation method, so as to obtain a uniform material area of ​​the metal material of the titanium layer of the welding substrate in the entire area to be welded, thereby preparing a locally homogenized pure titanium / Q235 steel layered pre-composite blank, the cross-sectional morphology of which is shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, there are no defects such as holes inside the pure titanium cladding. The pure titanium cladding is tightly bonded to the pure titanium layer of the welding substrate, the slope, and the welding heat-affected zone. The high-quality interface bonding is conducive to subsequent post-processing.

[0054] Step 5: The locally homogenized pure titanium / Q235 steel layered pre-composite blank is subjected to rolling plastic deformation post-treatment, so as to achieve the purpose of simultaneously performing rolling plastic deformation strengthening post-treatment on the pure titanium coating, the pure titanium / Q235 steel layered pre-composite blank, the composite interface between the pure titanium coating and the titanium layer of the welding substrate, the composite interface between the pure titanium coating and the slope, the composite interface between the pure titanium coating and the welding heat affected zone, and the composite interface between pure titanium and Q235 steel, thereby obtaining a high-quality and high-performance locally homogenized pure titanium / Q235 steel layered composite material, the cross-sectional morphology of which is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, there are no defects such as holes inside the pure titanium cladding. The pure titanium cladding and the titanium layer of the welding substrate, the pure titanium cladding and the slope, the pure titanium cladding and the Q235 steel layer, and the pure titanium layer and the Q235 steel layer are tightly compounded, with high interface bonding strength and excellent overall mechanical properties.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] Preparation of locally homogenized pure titanium / T2 copper / pure titanium layered composite materials, the specific steps are as follows:

[0057] Step 1: Divide the area to be welded of the pure titanium / T2 copper / pure titanium layered composite material into a welding substrate copper layer and a non-welding material titanium layer;

[0058] Step 2: Machining the area to be welded, removing the non-welding material titanium layer and machining the remaining side surface into a slope, retaining the welding substrate copper layer, and constructing a machined surface on the welding substrate copper layer, wherein the angle formed by the slope and the machined surface is 160 degrees, and the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited;

[0059] Step 3: Surface treatment of the area to be composited is performed by a pickling surface treatment method;

[0060] Step 4: Using a thermal spray coating preparation method to cover the surface-treated area to be composited with a layer of T2 copper coating of the same material as the copper layer of the welding substrate, so as to obtain a uniform material area of ​​the metal material of the copper layer of the welding substrate in which the entire area to be welded is made, thereby preparing a locally homogenized pure titanium / T2 copper / pure titanium layered composite blank;

[0061] Step 5: The locally homogenized pure titanium / T2 copper / pure titanium layered composite blank is subjected to laser remelting post-processing to obtain a locally homogenized pure titanium / T2 copper / pure titanium layered composite material, the cross-sectional schematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, there are no defects such as holes inside the T2 copper cladding. The T2 copper cladding is tightly bonded with pure titanium and T2 copper, with good interface bonding quality and excellent mechanical properties.

[0062] Example 3:

[0063] Preparation of locally homogenized pure titanium / pure aluminum / Q235 steel layered composite materials, the specific steps are as follows:

[0064] Step 1: Divide the area to be welded of the pure titanium / pure aluminum / Q235 steel layered composite material into a welding substrate titanium layer and a non-welding material steel / aluminum composite layer consisting of a steel layer and an aluminum layer;

[0065] Step 2: Machining the area to be welded, removing the non-welding material steel / aluminum composite layer and machining the remaining side surface into a slope, retaining the welding substrate titanium layer, and constructing a machined surface on the welding substrate titanium layer, wherein the angle formed by the slope and the machined surface is 120 degrees, and the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited;

[0066] Step 3: Using an additive manufacturing coating preparation method to coat the machined area to be composited with a layer of pure titanium coating of the same material as the titanium layer of the welding substrate, thereby obtaining a uniform material area of ​​the metal material of the titanium layer of the welding substrate in which the entire area to be welded is made, thereby preparing a locally homogenized pure titanium / pure aluminum / Q235 steel layered composite blank;

[0067] Step 4: Heat treatment and machining are performed on the locally homogenized pure titanium / pure aluminum / Q235 steel layered composite blank to obtain a locally homogenized pure titanium / pure aluminum / Q235 steel layered composite material, the cross-sectional schematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, there are no defects such as holes inside the pure titanium cladding. The pure titanium cladding is tightly bonded with pure titanium, pure aluminum, and Q235 steel, with good interface bonding quality and excellent mechanical properties.

[0068] In summary, the present invention provides a locally homogenized metal layered composite material and a preparation method. By machining the area to be welded of the metal layered composite raw material, removing the non-welding material layer and processing the remaining side into a slope, retaining the welding substrate layer and constructing a machined surface thereon, the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited; a coating preparation method is used to coat the area to be composited with a layer of metal material that is homogeneous with the metal material of the welding substrate layer, so as to obtain a uniform material area in which the area to be welded is entirely made of the metal material of the welding substrate layer, thereby preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite blank; the composite blank is post-processed to obtain a locally homogenized metal layered composite material. It should be noted that the present invention is particularly suitable for preparing locally homogenized metal layered composite materials with a relatively thin thickness, and can be directly used for industrial low-cost, high-efficiency, high-quality welding-formed metal layered composite products.

[0069] The above describes the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation methods. The above specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which are all protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material, characterized in that: The metal layered composite material comprises a uniform material region, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Divide the area to be welded of the metal layered composite material into a welding substrate layer and a non-welding material layer stacked up and down; Step 2: Machining the area to be welded, removing the non-welding material layer and machining the remaining side surface into a slope; retaining the welding substrate layer, constructing a machined surface on the welding substrate layer; the slope and the machined surface constitute the area to be composited; Step 3: performing surface treatment on the area to be composited using a surface treatment method; Step 4: Using a coating preparation method to coat the surface-treated area to be composited with a metal coating of the same material as the metal material of the welding substrate layer, thereby obtaining a uniform material area of ​​the metal material of the welding substrate layer in the area to be welded, thereby preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite blank; Step 5: Post-processing the locally homogenized metal layered composite blank to obtain a locally homogenized metal layered composite material.

2. The method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The angle formed by the slope and the machined surface is 90° to 179°.

3. The method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The surface treatment method is at least one of mechanical grinding, polishing, sandblasting or pickling.

4. The method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The region to be composited is formed in one step by a machining method.

5. The method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein: A layer of the metal material coating is simultaneously applied to the area to be composited and its closely connected welding heat-affected area.

6. The method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein: According to the actual preparation situation of metal layered composite raw materials, locally homogenized metal layered composite materials are prepared synchronously and continuously online.

7. The method for preparing a locally homogenized metal layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The locally homogenized metal layered composite material is welded and formed by using at least one welding technology selected from fusion welding, solid phase welding or brazing.

8. A locally homogenized metal layered composite material, characterized in that: The locally homogenized metal layered composite material is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images