(Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of surface strengthening materials. The (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy of the present invention is composed of the following chemical elements: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-35wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.5-1wt%, and the remainder is Ni and inevitable impurities; the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy includes a (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase, and the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution is uniformly distributed in the nickel-based alloy. The present invention avoids the stratification phenomenon, and the (Ti, W) C ceramic reinforcement phase is uniformly distributed in the nickel-based alloy coating. The preparation process of the present invention is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of surface strengthening materials. Background Art

[0002] Fatigue, friction, wear, and corrosion are the main failure modes of key industrial components. If they are directly scrapped, it will not only increase manufacturing costs, but also cause a huge waste of resources. Remanufacturing, as an advanced form of green circular economy, can restore failed key components to new life by using various surface repair technologies such as plasma, laser, and electron beam. Plasma cladding has the characteristics of wide material selectivity and unrestricted shape of the cladding area. By forming a coating metallurgically bonded to the substrate on the surface of the failed component, the surface size of the component is restored and it is given the expected wear resistance, longevity and other engineering requirements. Plasma cladding has become an important means of efficient repair and remanufacturing of key components of high-end equipment.

[0003] In the prior art, the alloy powder commonly used in plasma cladding is a self-fluxing alloy powder formed by adding elements such as Si and B with strong deoxidation and self-fluxing effects to base alloys such as Ni, Fe, and Co. However, a single self-fluxing alloy powder is difficult to meet the wear resistance requirements in high-temperature harsh service environments, and ceramic reinforcement phases are often added. TiC and WC are the main external ceramic reinforcement phases; TiC has high hardness, low price, and stable structure at high temperatures, but its density is low, and it is easy to float in the coating formed by plasma cladding, resulting in uneven distribution of TiC in different areas of the coating. WC has better wettability with the base alloy than TiC, but its density is high. When the WC addition ratio is high, it is easy to deposit at the bottom of the coating formed by plasma cladding. As an additional ceramic reinforcement phase, TiC or WC forms an unavoidable layer phenomenon in the mixed powder due to the large difference in density from base alloys such as Ni, Fe, and Co.

[0004] Wang Yongdong, Gong Shulin, Tang Mingri, et al. Experimental study on plasma cladding graphene Ni-based CW-Ti composite coating [J]. Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, 2021, 31(1): 6. DOI: 10.3969 / j.issn.2095-7262.2021.01.006. A Ni-based composite coating is disclosed. Graphene, W powder, C powder, Ti powder, and Ni60A alloy powder are used as raw materials, and the Ni-based composite coating is prepared on its surface by plasma arc cladding technology. The microhardness and wear resistance of the coating are studied by XRD, SEM and other analytical testing methods. The results show that the cladding layer has no pores and cracks and is metallurgically bonded; graphene plays a role in fine grain strengthening in the organization, and hardened particle phase is generated, which significantly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the coating; the worn surface morphology shows obvious plowing characteristics, and its wear mechanism is abrasive wear. The addition of graphene has a more significant effect on improving the wear resistance of the composite coating. It uses graphene to refine the grains, but the content of hardened particles formed by the in-situ reaction is small, and the reaction products are difficult to control, which is not conducive to a stable preparation process.

[0005] CN109852830A discloses an ultrafine carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein ultrafine carbon particles are embedded in metal powder by ball milling of degummed carbon fiber combined with ultrasonic treatment process, and metal carbides are generated in situ by carbon particles, and then mixed with other particles-pressed-pre-sintered-sintered to obtain uniformly distributed ultrafine carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material. The ultrafine carbide particles generated in situ account for 5-60% of the volume fraction of the composite material. The ultrafine carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material designed and prepared by the present invention has the properties of high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistance of metal, high hardness, wear resistance, oxidation resistance, etc. of carbide, simple preparation process, low cost, and better combination of carbide and matrix metal. However, its process is complicated, and the material forming principle is completely different from the present invention, which is sintering and slow solidification, which is different from the rapid solidification of the material of the present invention.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention adopts plasma cladding rapid prototyping technology to prepare a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy wear-resistant coating on an alloy steel substrate, and carbides are evenly distributed in the coating. Summary of the invention

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide a new (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned first object of the present invention, the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy is composed of the following chemical elements: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-35wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.5-1wt%, and the balance is Ni and inevitable impurities; the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy includes a (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase, and the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution is uniformly distributed in the nickel-based alloy.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the atomic molar ratio of Ti:W in the (Ti, W)C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase is 6-8:4-2.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the chemical element composition is: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-33wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.6-1wt%, and the remainder is Ni and inevitable impurities.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the method for preparing the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy includes forming a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating on a base material by plasma cladding.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the matrix material is steel; preferably at least one of low carbon steel or medium carbon steel.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating is 3 to 5 mm.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the preparation method of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps:

[0015] a. Mixing: According to the weight percentage of each chemical element in the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, weigh NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the particle size of the mixed powder is 53 to 150 μm;

[0016] b. Plasma cladding: Plasma cladding the mixed powder on the surface of the base material to form a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the plasma cladding in step b is performed in an inert protective gas; the inert protective gas is preferably at least one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and radon.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the plasma cladding condition parameters in step b are: current 120-170A; line speed 1-6mm / s; powder feeding amount 20-60g / min; inert protective gas flow rate 5-15L / min; overlap amount 40-60%; spot size 3-6mm.

[0019] The second object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy.

[0020] To achieve the second object of the present invention, the preparation method of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps:

[0021] a. Mixing: According to the weight percentage of each chemical element in the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, weigh NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the particle size of the mixed powder is 53 to 150 μm;

[0022] b. Plasma cladding: Plasma cladding the mixed powder on the surface of the base material to form a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating;

[0023] The plasma cladding in step b is preferably carried out in an inert protective gas; the inert protective gas is preferably at least one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and radon;

[0024] The plasma cladding conditions in step b are preferably: current 120-170A; line speed 1-6mm / s; powder feeding amount 20-60g / min; inert protective gas flow 5-15L / min; overlap 40-60%; spot size 3-6mm.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention achieves similar density between the (Ti, W) C reinforcement phase and the nickel-based alloy by adjusting the Ti / W atomic ratio, and the mixed powder formed by the (Ti, W) C ceramic reinforcement phase and the nickel-based alloy powder avoids the stratification phenomenon, and the (Ti, W) C ceramic reinforcement phase is evenly distributed in the nickel-based alloy coating.

[0027] 2. The preparation process of the present invention is simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution added in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a microstructure morphology diagram of the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution added in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Microstructure morphology of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To achieve the above-mentioned first object of the present invention, the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy is composed of the following chemical elements: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-35wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.5-1wt%, and the balance is Ni and inevitable impurities; the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy includes a (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase, and the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution is uniformly distributed in the nickel-based alloy.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the atomic molar ratio of Ti:W in the (Ti, W)C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase is 6-8:4-2.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the chemical element composition is: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-33wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.6-1wt%, and the remainder is Ni and inevitable impurities.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the method for preparing the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy includes forming a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating on a base material by plasma cladding.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the matrix material is steel; preferably at least one of low carbon steel or medium carbon steel.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating is 3 to 5 mm.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the preparation method of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps:

[0038] a. Mixing: According to the weight percentage of each chemical element in the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, weigh NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the particle size of the mixed powder is 53 to 150 μm;

[0039] b. Plasma cladding: Plasma cladding the mixed powder on the surface of the base material to form a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating.

[0040] The uniform mixing can be achieved by directly mixing NiBSi alloy powder and (Ti, W)C single-phase solid solution powder to obtain a mixed powder with a particle size of 53 to 150 μm; after simple mixing of NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W)C single-phase solid solution, the particle size is larger than the particle size range of the mixed powder of the present invention, and the mixed powder can be crushed to obtain a mixed powder with a particle size of 53 to 150 μm.

[0041] Among them, NiBSi alloy powder can be made based on gas atomization method; (Ti, W)C solid solution powder can be made based on powder metallurgy method.

[0042] Before forming the metal ceramic coating on the surface of the base material, the surface of the base material can be polished and then plasma cladding is performed to obtain the metal ceramic coating.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the plasma cladding in step b is performed in an inert protective gas; the inert protective gas is preferably at least one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and radon.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the plasma cladding condition parameters in step b are: current 120-170A; line speed 1-6mm / s; powder feeding amount 20-60g / min; inert protective gas flow rate 5-15L / min; overlap amount 40-60%; spot size 3-6mm.

[0045] To achieve the second object of the present invention, the preparation method of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps:

[0046] a. Mixing: According to the weight percentage of each chemical element in the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, weigh NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the particle size of the mixed powder is 53 to 150 μm;

[0047] b. Plasma cladding: Plasma cladding the mixed powder on the surface of the base material to form a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating;

[0048] The plasma cladding in step b is preferably carried out in an inert protective gas; the inert protective gas is preferably at least one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and radon;

[0049] The plasma cladding conditions in step b are preferably: current 120-170A; line speed 1-6mm / s; powder feeding amount 20-60g / min; inert protective gas flow 5-15L / min; overlap 40-60%; spot size 3-6mm.

[0050] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating consists of the following chemical elements: Ti 6wt%, C 3wt%, W 10wt%, Si 2.5wt%, B 1wt%, and the balance is Ni.

[0053] A method for preparing a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating comprises the following steps:

[0054] Preparation of NiBSi alloy micron powder based on gas atomization method;

[0055] Preparation of (Ti, W) C solid solution based on powder metallurgy;

[0056] The NiBSi alloy micron powder and (Ti, W)C solid solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a metal-ceramic mixed powder raw material of 53-150 μm, which is loaded into a powder feeding barrel;

[0057] The surface of 35 steel was polished and bright, and the parameters of plasma cladding were adjusted as follows: current 130A, line speed 5mm / s, powder feeding amount 22g / min, inert shielding gas flow rate 10L / min, overlap amount 50%, spot size 5mm, and a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating with a thickness of 3mm was obtained on the surface of 35 steel.

[0058] The Rockwell hardness of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating in this embodiment is HRC48. Figure 3 It can be seen that the (Ti, W)C reinforcement phase is uniformly distributed in the coating.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating, which is a metal ceramic coating formed by plasma cladding on a substrate material, wherein the ceramic phase in the metal ceramic coating is a (Ti, W) C solid solution; in terms of weight percentage, the metal ceramic coating is composed of the following chemical elements: Ti 15wt%, C 5wt%, W 25wt%, Si 2wt%, B 0.8wt%, and the balance is Ni.

[0061] The preparation method of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0062] The Rockwell hardness of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating in this embodiment is HRC52.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating, which is a metal ceramic coating formed by plasma cladding on a substrate material, wherein the ceramic phase in the metal ceramic coating is a (Ti, W) C solid solution; in terms of weight percentage, the metal ceramic coating is composed of the following chemical elements: Ti 20wt%, C 6wt%, W 33wt%, Si 1.5wt%, B 0.6wt%, and the balance is Ni.

[0065] The preparation method of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0066] The Rockwell hardness of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating in this embodiment is HRC56.

Claims

1. (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, characterized in that: The (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy is composed of the following chemical elements: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-35wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.5-1wt%, and the balance is Ni and inevitable impurities; the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy includes a (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase, and the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution is uniformly distributed in the nickel-based alloy; the Ti: W atomic molar ratio of the (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution reinforcement phase is 6-8:4-2; The preparation method of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps: a. Mixing: According to the weight percentage of each chemical element in the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, weigh NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the particle size of the mixed powder is 53 to 150 μm; b. Plasma cladding: Plasma cladding the mixed powder on the surface of the base material to form a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating; The plasma cladding conditions in step b are: current 120-170A; line speed 1-6mm / s; powder feeding amount 20-60g / min; inert protective gas flow rate 5-15L / min; overlap amount 40-60%; spot size 3-6mm.

2. The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical element composition includes: Ti 6-20wt%, C 3-6wt%, W 10-33wt%, Si 1.5-2.5wt%, B 0.6-1wt%, and the balance is Ni and inevitable impurities.

3. The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base material is steel.

4. The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix material is at least one of low carbon steel and medium carbon steel.

5. The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating is 3 to 5 mm.

6. The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma cladding described in step b is carried out in an inert protective gas.

7. The (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inert protective gas is at least one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and radon.

8. The method for preparing a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps: a. Mixing: According to the weight percentage of each chemical element in the (Ti, W) C reinforced nickel-based alloy, weigh NiBSi alloy and (Ti, W) C single-phase solid solution, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the particle size of the mixed powder is 53 to 150 μm; b. Plasma cladding: Plasma cladding the mixed powder on the surface of the base material to form a (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy coating.

9. The method for preparing the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plasma cladding described in step b is carried out in an inert protective gas.

10. The method for preparing the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inert protective gas is at least one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and radon.

11. The method for preparing the (Ti, W)C reinforced nickel-based alloy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plasma cladding conditions in step b are: current 120-170A; line speed 1-6mm / s; powder feeding amount 20-60g / min; inert protective gas flow rate 5-15L / min; overlap amount 40-60%; spot size 3-6mm.

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