A method for window-type mushroom cultivation of shiitake mushrooms

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms, including steps such as mixing substrate, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, mycelium cultivation, color change, window opening, bud induction and fruiting, and water replenishment. This invention, through semi-removal bag fruiting, achieves some advantages of both bag-free and bag-free fruiting modes. By retaining the non-window portion, the water retention capacity of the substrate is enhanced; by opening the fruiting window, the time-consuming and labor-intensive process of cutting individual mushroom buds is avoided, and the cleanliness of the mushrooms is ensured. Compared with traditional fruiting techniques, this invention has significant advantages in substrate water retention, mushroom uniformity, and the rate of high-quality mushrooms, making it suitable for shiitake mushroom cultivation in both northern and southern regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to shiitake mushroom fruiting, and particularly to a window-type shiitake mushroom fruiting method. Background Technology

[0002] mushroom[ Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, also known as shiitake mushroom, is a type of edible fungus belonging to the phylum Basidiomycetes, class Agaricales, order Tricholomatales, family Tricholomataceae, and genus Lentinus. It is a superior edible fungus with a long history of cultivation in China and was first domesticated and cultivated there. Shiitake mushrooms are rich in protein and amino acids, as well as various types of fiber, minerals, and trace elements, possessing high nutritional and medicinal value, and are known as the "King of Mushrooms."

[0003] Shiitake mushroom cultivation began around 1000-1100 AD, invented by Wu Sangong of Longquan County, Zhejiang Province. Its key techniques included "cutting flowers to plant mushrooms" and "knocking on wood to startle the mushrooms." This semi-artificial cultivation method remained in use until the 1960s. In 1965, the Central South Institute of Fungi of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions successfully tested the "log-based pure mycelial inoculation method," thus ending the era of traditional mushroom cultivation and ushering in the era of pure spawn cultivation. In the 1970s and 80s, my country began using substrate-based cultivation of shiitake mushrooms. This substrate-based cultivation was further divided into block cultivation and bag-free cultivation. With the development of the shiitake mushroom industry, bag-free cultivation, with its short production cycle, high yield, and ease of operation, gradually became the main cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms. In the 21st century, the cultivation techniques for shiitake mushrooms in my country have basically all been bag-removal cultivation or improved versions of bag-removal cultivation (collectively referred to as bag cultivation). Based on the fruiting method, they can be divided into bag-removal fruiting, cut-out fruiting, bag-removal water-retaining film fruiting, and bag-removal soil-covered fruiting.

[0004] All of the above methods have been applied to actual production to some extent and each has its own advantages, but they also have obvious shortcomings. The existing method of mushroom cultivation using large bags in small sheds mainly suffers from the problems of labor-intensive and time-consuming cutting, as well as the high technical difficulty. The labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of cutting is that each young bud needs to be cut manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The high technical difficulty lies in the difficulty of grasping the timing of cutting; cutting too early can cause the young buds to shrink, while cutting too late can lead to deformed mushrooms, requiring considerable experience in mushroom cultivation. Secondly, the cutting operation must be meticulous to avoid scratching the young buds, and the size of the cut must be moderate; cutting too large can also cause the young buds to shrink, while cutting too small can also lead to deformed mushrooms. The existing method of mushroom cultivation using complete bag removal suffers from problems such as poor water retention in the substrate, resulting in small mushrooms with thin caps, wet caps, and dark mushroom surface color, leading to poor marketability. The existing method of mushroom cultivation using bag removal and soil covering suffers from problems such as high labor intensity and technical difficulty in soil covering, and poor mushroom cleanliness. The existing method of mushroom cultivation using water-retaining film suffers from problems such as troublesome and time-consuming substrate preparation, high difficulty, and mushrooms easily carrying the water-retaining film, affecting quality.

[0005] Shiitake mushrooms require high oxygen levels, humidity, and substrate moisture content for fruiting. However, unpacked substrate has poor water retention. Therefore, coordinating ventilation, air humidity, and substrate moisture retention is the primary challenge in shiitake mushroom cultivation management. Strategies for addressing this challenge differ between northern and southern cultivation techniques: the north emphasizes substrate moisture retention, while the south emphasizes ventilation, but both have limitations. This invention innovates in coordinating ventilation, air humidity, and substrate moisture retention. Compared to traditional cultivation techniques, it offers significant advantages in substrate moisture retention, mushroom uniformity, and the percentage of high-quality mushrooms, making it suitable for shiitake mushroom cultivation in both northern and southern regions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problem of the contradiction between ventilation, air humidity, and water retention of the mushroom substrate in the management of shiitake mushroom fruiting, this invention provides a window-type fruiting method for shiitake mushrooms.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Mixing: Mix the substrate according to the shiitake mushroom culture medium formula and mixing method;

[0010] S2. Bagging: Use windowed mushroom bags and bag them according to the method for bagging shiitake mushrooms;

[0011] S3. Sterilization: Sterilize according to the sterilization methods and requirements for shiitake mushroom logs;

[0012] S4. Inoculation: Make 3-4 holes in the transparent window of the shiitake mushroom bag according to the inoculation method and inoculate with the spawn;

[0013] S5. Cultivate mycelium: Cultivate mycelium according to the shiitake mushroom cultivation method until the mycelium fully grows on the substrate;

[0014] S6. Color change: Color change is performed without removing the bag;

[0015] S7. Opening windows: When the mushroom logs inside the window have changed color by more than 90%, move the mushroom logs into the shaded mushroom growing shed and increase the air humidity inside the shed to more than 85% before opening the windows;

[0016] S8. Budding and Mushroom Cultivation: Treating the mushroom logs to induce budding and cultivate mushrooms;

[0017] S9. Replenish water: After 2-3 batches of mushrooms have grown, replenish water in a timely manner according to the water loss of the mushroom logs.

[0018] Furthermore, in S2, the length of the windowed mushroom bag is 55–65 cm, the width (semi-circumference) is 15–24 cm, and the thickness is 0.005–0.016 cm. It is made of polyethylene. The window must meet the following requirements: Let the length of the mushroom bag be *a* and the width be *b*, and the length of the window be *a'* and the width be *b'*, then the following conditions must be met: , .

[0019] Furthermore, in S2, the non-window portion of the windowed fungal bag is preferably black. Changing the color of the non-window portion or applying color to the non-window portion at different stages of the stick making process, increasing the number of windows, and changing the shape, size, or timing of the windows can also achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0020] Furthermore, in S6, the method for color change without removing the bag is as follows: After the mycelium of adjacent inoculation wells in the transparent window grows together, continue to cultivate for 10-15 days. When nodules appear around 60%-90% of the inoculation wells, make 3-4 rows of holes along the direction of the mycelium in the transparent window, with 4-5 holes in each row. The depth of the holes is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the diameter of the mycelium, and the diameter of the holes is 2-4 mm. After making the holes, strengthen ventilation and air exchange, control the temperature at 20-25℃, provide 400-800 lx of diffused light, and remove excess yellow water from the mycelium bag in time to promote color change of the mycelium.

[0021] Furthermore, in S7, the specific method for opening the window is as follows: use a sharp blade to cut the transparent window and the non-window part of the mushroom stick along the junction, and then peel off the window part.

[0022] Furthermore, in S8, the bud induction process specifically involves: after opening the windows of the mushroom log, providing stimulation with temperature differences, humidity differences, and light differences to induce the formation of fruiting body primordia; the mushroom cultivation process specifically involves: ensuring fresh air through ventilation within the range of 10–25℃ and air humidity of 80%–90% until harvest.

[0023] Furthermore, in S8, water spraying is stopped for several days before the next batch of mushrooms is managed and the budding and mushroom cultivation begins.

[0024] Furthermore, in S9, water is replenished by inserting a water injector (any general water injector in this field) into the center of the mushroom stick. After watering, the mushroom buds are stimulated again to start the next batch of mushroom production management.

[0025] Color change: In the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, the mycelium is mostly white when it fills the bag. After a certain period of proper management, the mycelium turns from white to brown and forms a film. This phenomenon is called color change.

[0026] Open-bag mushrooms: In the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms after removing the bags, the first batch of mushrooms that emerge after the color change is complete are called open-bag mushrooms. Due to the varying degrees of compression from the mushroom bags during the formation of the mushroom buds, open-bag mushrooms are mostly deformed.

[0027] Deformed mushrooms: In edible mushroom cultivation, some mushrooms are affected by certain adverse conditions during their development, resulting in a mushroom body that is different from the normally developed mushroom body. These are called deformed mushrooms.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] (1) This invention achieves some advantages of both non-bagging and bag-removing mushroom cultivation by partially removing the bag. By retaining the non-windowed part, the water retention capacity of the mushroom log can be enhanced. By opening the mushroom window, the labor and time-consuming process of cutting individual mushroom buds can be avoided, and the mushroom body can be kept clean. Compared with cutting mushroom cultivation, only one window needs to be opened, which saves labor and can achieve a similar water retention effect of the mushroom log. Compared with fully removing the bag, the mushroom area can be effectively controlled, reducing the rate of mushrooms from the bag by 60% to 75%, while having a better water retention effect. Compared with removing the bag and covering the mushroom with soil, the heavy and complicated soil covering operation is not required to achieve the same effect of controlling the mushroom area, and the mushrooms are cleaner. Compared with water-retaining film mushroom cultivation, the bag making method is simple and easy, and small pieces of water-retaining film will not be mixed into the mushrooms.

[0030] (2) The present invention can reduce the area of ​​mycelium peeling and color change by 60% to 75% by designing the non-window part, thereby reducing the unnecessary consumption of nutrients in the mycelium. In particular, the non-window part is made black to reduce the color change area: the non-window part is black, and the mycelium inside does not receive light stimulation and will not change color, which can save nutrients in the mycelium bag.

[0031] (3) This invention controls the fruiting area of ​​the mushroom log by reserving transparent windows in the wall of the mushroom bag: the transparent windows of the mushroom bag with windows can control the fruiting area by opening the windows during the fruiting period. An appropriate fruiting area can ensure that each bud has enough nutrition for development, which can improve the rate and quality of high-quality mushrooms. Through the window design, the inoculation surface is selected as the fruiting surface, which is conducive to the rapid and uniform color change of the mushroom log: when the mycelium has covered the mushroom log, the mycelium age on the inoculation surface is relatively long, which can quickly and uniformly change color, and can complete the color change 15 to 20 days earlier, which is conducive to rapid and uniform fruiting. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1

[0033] A method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0034] (1) Mixing the substrate: Mix the substrate according to the formula and mixing method of shiitake mushroom culture medium. The weight ratio formula is: 78% broad-leaved tree sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose. Adjust the pH value with lime water. After mixing, the pH value is 7-7.5 and the moisture content is 55%-60%. Mixing method: Before mixing, pre-wet the broad-leaved tree sawdust for 24-72 hours, then add wheat bran, gypsum, and sucrose, then adjust the pH value and moisture content, and finally mix well.

[0035] (2) The bags are packaged in the same way as shiitake mushrooms, using windowed mushroom bags.

[0036] (3) Sterilize according to the sterilization method and requirements for shiitake mushroom sticks.

[0037] (4) Inoculation: Make 3-4 holes in the transparent window and inoculate the spawn according to the shiitake mushroom inoculation method.

[0038] (5) Cultivate mycelium according to the shiitake mushroom cultivation method until the mycelium fully grows on the substrate.

[0039] (6) Color change: This invention adopts color change without removing the bag. After the mycelium of adjacent inoculation wells in the transparent window grows together, continue to cultivate for 10 days. When about 70% of the inoculation wells have nodules around them, make 3 rows of holes along the direction of the mycelium in the transparent window, with 5 holes in each row. The depth of the holes is about 1 / 3 of the diameter of the mycelium and the diameter of the holes is about 3 mm. After making the holes, strengthen ventilation and air exchange, control the temperature at about 25℃, provide 400 lx of diffused light, and remove excess yellow water in the mycelium bag in time to promote color change of the mycelium.

[0040] (7) Opening the window: This invention adopts semi-removed bag mushroom cultivation. When the mushroom stick inside the window has changed color by 90%, the mushroom stick is moved into the shaded mushroom cultivation shed, and the air humidity inside the stick is increased to 85% before opening the window.

[0041] (8) Budding and Mushroom Cultivation a. Budding: After opening the windows of the mushroom log, provide stimulation with temperature difference, humidity difference, and light difference to induce the formation of fruiting body primordia; b. Mushroom Cultivation: Under the conditions of 10-25℃ and air humidity of 80%-90%, ensure fresh air through ventilation until harvest. After harvesting one batch of mushrooms, stop spraying water for a few days, and then start budding and mushroom cultivation again to enter the next batch of mushroom production management.

[0042] (9) After 2-3 batches of mushrooms have grown, water should be added promptly according to the water loss of the substrate. A special water injector can be used to add water by inserting it into the center of the substrate. Then, induce bud formation and start the next batch of mushroom cultivation. Example 2

[0043] A method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Mix the materials according to the shiitake mushroom culture medium formula and mixing method in Example 1.

[0045] (2) The bags are packaged in the same way as shiitake mushrooms, using windowed mushroom bags.

[0046] (3) Sterilize according to the sterilization method and requirements for shiitake mushroom sticks.

[0047] (4) Inoculation: Make 3-4 holes in the transparent window and inoculate the spawn according to the shiitake mushroom inoculation method.

[0048] (5) Cultivate mycelium according to the shiitake mushroom cultivation method until the mycelium fully grows on the substrate.

[0049] (6) Color change: This invention adopts color change without removing the bag. After the mycelium of adjacent inoculation wells in the transparent window grows together, continue to cultivate for 15 days. When about 80% of the inoculation wells have nodules around them, make 4 rows of holes along the direction of the mycelium in the transparent window, with 4 holes in each row. The depth of the holes is about 1 / 2 of the diameter of the mycelium and the diameter of the holes is about 4 mm. After making the holes, strengthen ventilation and air exchange, control the temperature at about 25℃, provide 600 lx of diffused light, and remove excess yellow water in the mycelium bag in time to promote color change of the mycelium.

[0050] (7) Opening the window: This invention adopts semi-removed bag mushroom cultivation. When the mushroom stick inside the window has changed color by 95%, the mushroom stick is moved into the shaded mushroom cultivation shed, and the air humidity inside the stick is increased to 90% before opening the window.

[0051] (8) Budding and Mushroom Cultivation a. Budding: After opening the windows of the mushroom log, provide stimulation with temperature difference, humidity difference, and light difference to induce the formation of fruiting body primordia; b. Mushroom Cultivation: Under the conditions of 10-25℃ and air humidity of 80%-90%, ensure fresh air through ventilation until harvest. After harvesting one batch of mushrooms, stop spraying water for a few days, and then start budding and mushroom cultivation again to enter the next batch of mushroom production management.

[0052] (9) After 2-3 batches of mushrooms have grown, water should be added promptly according to the water loss of the substrate. A special water injector can be used to add water by inserting it into the center of the substrate. Then, induce bud formation and start the next batch of mushroom cultivation. Example 3

[0053] A method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Mix the materials according to the shiitake mushroom culture medium formula and mixing method in Example 1.

[0055] (2) The bags are packaged in the same way as shiitake mushrooms, using windowed mushroom bags.

[0056] (3) Sterilize according to the sterilization method and requirements for shiitake mushroom sticks.

[0057] (4) Inoculation: Make 3-4 holes in the transparent window and inoculate the spawn according to the shiitake mushroom inoculation method.

[0058] (5) Cultivate mycelium according to the shiitake mushroom cultivation method until the mycelium fully grows on the substrate.

[0059] (6) Color change: This invention adopts color change without removing the bag. After the mycelium of adjacent inoculation wells in the transparent window grows together, continue to cultivate for 12 days. When about 90% of the inoculation wells have nodules around them, make 4 rows of holes along the direction of the mycelium in the transparent window, with 4 holes in each row. The depth of the holes is about 1 / 2 of the diameter of the mycelium and the diameter of the holes is about 4 mm. After making the holes, strengthen ventilation and air exchange, control the temperature at about 20℃, provide 800 lx of diffused light, and remove excess yellow water in the mycelium bag in time to promote color change of the mycelium.

[0060] (7) Opening the window: This invention adopts semi-removed bag mushroom cultivation. When the mushroom stick inside the window has changed color by 95%, the mushroom stick is moved into the shaded mushroom cultivation shed, and the air humidity inside the stick is increased to 90% before opening the window.

[0061] (8) Budding and Mushroom Cultivation a. Budding: After opening the windows of the mushroom log, provide stimulation with temperature difference, humidity difference, and light difference to induce the formation of fruiting body primordia; b. Mushroom Cultivation: Under the conditions of 10-25℃ and air humidity of 80%-90%, ensure fresh air through ventilation until harvest. After harvesting one batch of mushrooms, stop spraying water for a few days, and then start budding and mushroom cultivation again to enter the next batch of mushroom production management.

[0062] (9) After 2-3 batches of mushrooms have grown, water should be added promptly according to the water loss of the substrate. A special water injector can be used to add water by inserting it into the center of the substrate. Then, induce bud formation and start the next batch of mushroom cultivation.

[0063] Experimental results show that the water retention rate of the mushroom logs in Examples 1 to 3 is 60%-70% higher than that of the fully unpacked mushroom production method, the uniformity of the mushrooms reaches 80%-85%, and the rate of high-quality mushrooms reaches 80%-90%.

Claims

1. A method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mixing: Mix the substrate according to the shiitake mushroom culture medium formula and mixing method; S2. Bagging: Use windowed mushroom bags and bag them according to the method for bagging shiitake mushrooms; S3. Sterilization: Sterilize according to the sterilization methods and requirements for shiitake mushroom logs; S4. Inoculation: Make 3-4 holes in the transparent window of the shiitake mushroom bag according to the inoculation method and inoculate with the spawn; S5. Cultivate mycelium: Cultivate mycelium according to the shiitake mushroom cultivation method until the mycelium fully grows on the substrate; S6. Color change: Color change is performed without removing the bag; S7. Opening windows: When the mushroom logs inside the window have changed color by more than 90%, move the mushroom logs into the shaded mushroom growing shed and increase the air humidity inside the shed to more than 85% before opening the windows; S8. Budding and Mushroom Cultivation: Treating the mushroom logs to induce budding and cultivate mushrooms; S9. Replenish water: After 2-3 batches of mushrooms have grown, replenish water in a timely manner according to the water loss of the mushroom logs; In S2, the windowed mushroom bag has a length of 55-65cm, a width of 15-24cm, and a thickness of 0.005-0.016cm, and is made of polyethylene. The window must meet the following requirements: Let the length of the mushroom bag be a and the width be b, and the length of the window be a' and the width be b', then the following conditions must be met: , ; In S6, the specific method for preventing discoloration without removing the bag is as follows: After the mycelia of adjacent inoculation wells in the transparent window grow together, continue culturing for 10-15 days. When nodules appear around 60%-90% of the inoculation wells, make 3-4 rows of holes along the direction of the mycelium in the transparent window, with 4-5 holes in each row. The depth of the holes should be 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the diameter of the mycelium, and the diameter of the holes should be 2-4 mm. After making the holes, strengthen ventilation and control the temperature at 20-25℃. Provide 400-800 lx of diffused light and remove excess yellow water from the bags in time to promote discoloration of the mycelium.

2. The method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the non-window portion of the windowed bacterial bag is black.

3. The method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S7, the specific method for opening the window is as follows: use a sharp blade to cut the transparent window and the non-window part of the mushroom stick along the junction, and then peel off the window part.

4. The method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S8, the specific steps for inducing bud formation are: after opening the windows of the mushroom log, providing stimulation with temperature differences, humidity differences, and light differences to induce the formation of fruiting body primordia; the specific steps for cultivating mushrooms are: under the conditions of 10-25℃ and 80%-90% air humidity, ensuring fresh air through ventilation until harvest.

5. The method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S8, stop spraying water for several days before starting the next batch of mushroom cultivation and fruiting management.

6. The method for window-type fruiting of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S9, water is replenished by inserting a water injector into the center of the mushroom stick. After watering, the mushroom buds are stimulated again to start the next batch of mushroom production management.