A method for planting winter rapeseed in southern double-season rice areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a winter rapeseed planting method in a double-season rice-growing area in the south, which relates to the technical field of crop planting. The method comprises the steps of sowing winter rapeseed and managing the winter rapeseed in the field, harvesting the rapeseed and returning the chopped straw to the field. The method can effectively solve the problems of tight cropping time, high labor intensity and low production efficiency in the double-season rice-growing area in the south, and improve the yield and quality of oilseeds in winter. At the same time, the method effectively utilizes the nutrients of the straw and fertilizes the soil by returning the straw to the field. The method also further discharges toxic substances generated by straw decomposition through multiple dry-wet alternating treatments, which can effectively prevent dead seedlings after transplanting early rice in the later stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a winter rapeseed planting method in a southern double-season rice region. Background Art

[0002] The current rice-to-oil model is not widely developed, and there are several major difficulties. First, the rice-to-oil planting season is tight. The growing period of double-season rice is approximately 230 days, respectively. Excluding the 50-day seedling bed period for early and late rice, plus the time reserved for farmland operations, the production period for rapeseed is less than 180 days. However, the field growth period of early-maturing winter rapeseed varieties in my country is mostly over 180 days. Especially in double-season rice-winter rapeseed production areas, the late rice harvest often occurs at the end of October. The solution is to select early-maturing rapeseed varieties that are tolerant to late sowing. Second, rapeseed cultivation has low economic benefits and high labor costs. At the same time, the field growth cycle of rapeseed in double-season rice areas is short, the plant biomass is small, the crop productivity is reduced, and the yield level is low. The highest yield per mu is only 100-120 kilograms. Solution: Use a combined direct seeding machine that can complete tillage, fertilization, sowing, and covering soil in one go to save planting costs. At the same time, increase the planting density, apply more nitrogen fertilizer and spray foliar fertilizer during the seedling stage to promote the biomass of rapeseed plants during the stalk stage, laying a foundation for increasing rapeseed yields in the later stage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method that can effectively improve the yield and quality of winter oil crops and reduce the dead seedlings of early rice. Through the steps of precise mechanical sowing of winter rapeseed, field management, harvesting of rapeseed and returning the shredded straw to the field, it can effectively solve the problems of tight time for winter rapeseed crop rotation, high labor intensity and low production efficiency in the double-season rice areas in the south, improve the yield and quality of winter oil crops, and at the same time, the multiple dry-wet alternating treatments that further discharge the toxic substances produced by straw decomposition can effectively prevent the dead seedlings after transplanting of early rice in the later stage and promote the increase of early rice yield.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for planting winter rapeseed in the southern double-season rice region, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0006] Step S11: selecting rapeseed seeds of a late-sowing-tolerant and early-maturing variety, applying base fertilizer, and sowing after the late rice is harvested using a combined direct seeding machine that can complete plowing, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil in one go;

[0007] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, apply urea at a rate of 14 to 16 kg / mu.

[0008] Step S13: spraying 30-50 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 10-15 parts of urea, 5-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-8 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 800-1000 parts of water;

[0009] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and crushing the straw and returning it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and crushing the rapeseed straw and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0010] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintaining a shallow water layer in the field, with the water layer controlled at 3-4 cm; spreading 140-160 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 8-12 kg / mu of urea, and rotary tilling at a depth of 25-30 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; maintaining a shallow water layer after rotary tillage, and soaking the field with shallow water for 2-4 days;

[0011] Step S4, early rice transplanting: transplanting early rice from April 15 to 20.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S11, the sowing method is: select a 2BFQ-6 rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine to complete the processes of soil crushing, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and covering at one time, and use a wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW, an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrowing width of 300mm, and a maximum furrowing depth of 200mm; 6 rows are sown per bed, the row spacing is 280mm, and the sowing depth is 0-20mm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S11, the variety of rapeseed seeds is selected from any one or more of Sunshine 131, Fengyou 730, Xiangyou 420, Huayouza 652, Jingyou 69, Zhongyou 759, and Huayouza 994.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S11, 48-52 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 280-320 g of boron fertilizer (12%) are applied per mu of rice field as base fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S11, the late rice harvesting time is controlled between October 25 and November 10, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled between November 5 and 20.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S11, the sowing density of rapeseed seeds is 380-420 g / mu.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S13, 40-50 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer is sprayed during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12-15 parts of urea, 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7-8 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 900-1000 parts of water.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S13, 5 to 7 days after spraying the sedge fertilizer, continue to spray 15 to 18 kg / mu of foliar fertilizer that helps to increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer includes, by weight, 100 parts of biogas slurry, 20 to 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 to 6 parts of polyaspartic acid, 6 to 8 parts of fulvic acid, and 800 to 1000 parts of water.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the rape straw is crushed to 15 to 20 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, 10 to 15 days before transplanting the early rice, 10 to 15 kg / mu of biochemical potassium fulvic acid and 30 to 50 kg / mu of wood ash are first added to the field, and the field is shallowly flooded for 4 to 6 days and then drained.

[0021] The present invention provides a winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region, which has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Based on the three-cropping system of rapeseed-rice-rice, all rapeseed straw is returned to the fields, which effectively solves the problem of difficulty in returning straw to the fields in the three-cropping system, and effectively utilizes straw nutrients to fertilize the soil. Compared with farmers' conventional methods, after three consecutive years of using this technology, the average soil organic carbon increased by 1.43g / kg.

[0023] 2. Applying multiple cycles of alternating dry-wet treatments to paddy fields before transplanting early rice helps remove toxic substances produced by straw decomposition, effectively preventing dead seedlings after transplanting. Three consecutive years of using this technology have reduced dead seedling rates by an average of 35%.

[0024] 3. Simplified planting methods. Mechanized precision direct seeding of rapeseed not only reduces energy consumption to a certain extent, but also effectively solves the problem of the three-cropping system, where the tight crop rotation severely affects the crop's growth period, achieving simple, high-yield, and efficient cultivation. Compared with farmers' conventional methods, after three consecutive years of using this technology, an average of 150 yuan per mu in planting labor costs have been saved.

[0025] The invention discloses a winter rapeseed planting method in a double-season rice region in the south. After spraying stalk fertilizer, rapeseed quality-improving foliar fertilizer which helps to increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil is continuously sprayed, thereby greatly improving the quality of the produced rapeseed oil and increasing the phytosterol content of the rapeseed oil by 12%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following examples may help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but shall not limit the present invention in any way.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0030] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm when harvesting; the late rice harvesting time is controlled on October 25, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 5. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 48 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 280 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 380g / mu. The sowing method is: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the soil shredding, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and mulching processes in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used, with an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 5mm.

[0031] The rapeseed seed variety is Sunshine 131;

[0032] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, 14 kg / mu of urea is applied to the field;

[0033] Step S13: spraying 30 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 10 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 800 parts of water;

[0034] Five days after spraying the sedge fertilizer, continue spraying 15 kg / mu of rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer, calculated by weight, includes: biogas slurry: 100 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20 parts, polyaspartic acid: 4 parts, fulvic acid: 6 parts, and water: 800 parts;

[0035] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 15 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0036] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintaining a shallow water layer in the field, and controlling the water layer to 3 cm; spreading 140 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 8 kg / mu of urea in the field, and rotary tilling to a depth of 25 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; after the rotary tillage is completed, continue to maintain a shallow water layer, soak the field with shallow water for 2 days, and control the water layer to 4 cm;

[0037] Step S4, early rice transplanting: 10 days before transplanting the early rice, first put 10 kg / mu of biochemical potassium fulvic acid and 30 kg / mu of wood ash into the field, and soak the field with shallow water for 8 days, controlling the water layer at 4 cm, and then draining; transplant the early rice on April 15.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0041] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm at the time of harvesting; the late rice harvest time is controlled on November 5, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 20. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 52 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 320 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil once. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 420g / mu. The sowing method is as follows: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the processes of soil rotary cutting, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and covering in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used as the supporting machine. The working width is 2000mm, the maximum furrow width is 300mm, and the maximum furrow depth is 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 20mm.

[0042] The rapeseed variety is Fengyou 730;

[0043] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, 16 kg / mu of urea is applied to the field;

[0044] Step S13: spraying 50 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 15 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 1000 parts of water;

[0045] Seven days after spraying the sedge fertilizer, continue spraying 18 kg / mu of rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 100 parts of biogas slurry, 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts of polyaspartic acid, 8 parts of fulvic acid, and 1000 parts of water;

[0046] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 20 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0047] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintaining a shallow water layer in the field, and controlling the water layer to 4 cm; spreading 160 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 12 kg / mu of urea in the field, and rotary tilling to a depth of 30 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; after the rotary tillage is completed, continue to maintain a shallow water layer, soak the field with shallow water for 4 days, and control the water layer to 5 cm;

[0048] Step S4, early rice transplanting: 10 days before transplanting the early rice, first put 15kg / mu of biochemical potassium fulvic acid and 50kg / mu of wood ash into the field, soak the field with shallow water for 6 days, control the water layer at 5cm, and then drain; transplant the early rice on April 20.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0052] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm when harvesting; the late rice harvesting time is controlled on October 28, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 10. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 300 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 400g / mu. The sowing method is: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the soil shredding, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and mulching processes in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used, with an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 10mm.

[0053] The rapeseed variety is Huayouza 652;

[0054] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, 15 kg / mu of urea is applied to the field;

[0055] Step S13: spraying 40 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 900 parts of water;

[0056] Six days after spraying the sedge fertilizer, continue spraying 17 kg / mu of rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer, calculated by weight, includes: biogas slurry: 100 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 22 parts, polyaspartic acid: 5 parts, fulvic acid: 7 parts, and water: 900 parts;

[0057] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 18 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0058] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintain a shallow water layer in the field, and control the water layer at 3.5 cm; apply 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of urea in the field, and till the field to a depth of 27 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; continue to maintain a shallow water layer after the rotary tillage is completed, and soak the field with shallow water for 3 days, and control the water layer at 4.5 cm;

[0059] Step S4, early rice transplanting: 8 days before transplanting the early rice, first put 13kg / mu of biochemical potassium fulvic acid and 40kg / mu of wood ash into the field, and soak the field with shallow water for 5 days, controlling the water layer at 4.5cm, and then drain; transplant the early rice on April 18.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0063] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm when harvesting; the late rice harvesting time is controlled on October 28, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 10. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 300 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 400g / mu. The sowing method is: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the soil shredding, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and mulching processes in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used, with an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 10mm.

[0064] The rapeseed variety is Huayouza 652;

[0065] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, 15 kg / mu of urea is applied to the field;

[0066] Step S13: spraying 40 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 900 parts of water;

[0067] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 18 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0068] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintain a shallow water layer in the field, and control the water layer at 3.5 cm; apply 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of urea in the field, and till the field to a depth of 27 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; continue to maintain a shallow water layer after the rotary tillage is completed, and soak the field with shallow water for 3 days, and control the water layer at 4.5 cm;

[0069] Step S4, early rice transplanting: 10 days before transplanting the early rice, first put 13kg / mu of biochemical potassium fulvic acid and 40kg / mu of wood ash into the field, soak the field with shallow water for 5 days, control the water layer at 4.5cm, and then drain; transplant the early rice on April 18.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0072] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0073] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm when harvesting; the late rice harvesting time is controlled on October 28, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 10. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 300 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 400g / mu. The sowing method is: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the soil shredding, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and mulching processes in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used, with an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 10mm.

[0074] The rapeseed variety is Huayouza 652;

[0075] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, apply urea at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0076] Step S13: spraying 40 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 900 parts of water;

[0077] Six days after spraying the sedge fertilizer, continue spraying 17 kg / mu of rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer, calculated by weight, includes: biogas slurry: 100 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 22 parts, polyaspartic acid: 5 parts, fulvic acid: 7 parts, and water: 900 parts;

[0078] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 18 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0079] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintain a shallow water layer in the field, and control the water layer at 3.5 cm; apply 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of urea in the field, and till the field to a depth of 27 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; continue to maintain a shallow water layer after the rotary tillage is completed, and soak the field with shallow water for 3 days, and control the water layer at 4.5 cm;

[0080] Step S4, early rice transplanting: transplanting early rice on April 18.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0083] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0084] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm when harvesting; the late rice harvesting time is controlled on October 28, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 10. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 300 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 400g / mu. The sowing method is: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the soil shredding, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and mulching processes in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used, with an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 10mm.

[0085] The rapeseed variety is Huayouza 652;

[0086] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, apply urea at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0087] Step S13: spraying 40 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 900 parts of water;

[0088] Six days after spraying the sedge fertilizer, continue spraying 17 kg / mu of rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer, calculated by weight, includes: biogas slurry: 100 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 22 parts, polyaspartic acid: 5 parts, fulvic acid: 7 parts, and water: 900 parts;

[0089] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 18 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0090] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintaining a shallow water layer in the field, with the water layer controlled at 3.5 cm; spreading 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of urea in the field, and tilling the field to a depth of 27 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil;

[0091] Step S4, early rice transplanting: transplanting early rice on April 18.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] A method for planting winter rapeseed in a southern double-crop rice region comprises the following steps:

[0094] Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed:

[0095] Step S11: The field should be properly sun-dried before the late rice is harvested, and the stubble should not be higher than 35 cm when harvesting; the late rice harvesting time is controlled on October 28, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled on November 10. After the late rice is harvested, it is sown while the soil is moist to prevent low soil moisture from affecting seedling emergence or survival. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate the field with running water after sowing to create moisture; select rapeseed seeds of late-sowing and early-maturing varieties, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 300 g of boron fertilizer (12%) as base fertilizer per mu of rice field, and after the late rice is harvested, use a set of tillage, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil. The seeding was carried out using a combined direct seeding machine. Since winter rapeseed is planted late in double-season rice areas and has a short early vegetative growth period, the seeding density of rapeseed is 400g / mu. The sowing method is: a 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine is used to complete the soil shredding, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and mulching processes in one go. A wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW is used, with an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm. Six rows are sown per furrow, with a row spacing of 280mm and a sowing depth of 10mm.

[0096] The rapeseed variety is Huayouza 652;

[0097] Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 3 leaves, apply urea at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0098] Step S13: spraying 40 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 900 parts of water;

[0099] Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and shredding the straw to return it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and shredding the rapeseed straw to 18 cm and spreading it flat on the field surface;

[0100] Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: spreading 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of urea in the field, and rotary tilling to a depth of 27 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil;

[0101] Step S4, early rice transplanting: transplanting early rice on April 18.

[0102] The statistical results of the increase rate of phytosterol in rapeseed oil and the decrease rate of early rice seedling deadening in the above Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in the following table.

[0103]

[0104] In the above Examples 1-5, after using this technology for three consecutive years, the soil organic carbon increased by 1.43g / kg, an increase of 5.45%; the rapeseed yield increased by 12kg / mu, an increase of 11.42%; in Comparative Examples 1-2, the increase in soil organic carbon was far lower than that of the method of this application; the increase in rapeseed yield was also far lower than that of this application.

[0105] From the above statistical results, it can be seen that the winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice area of ​​the present invention is based on the three-cropping system of rapeseed-rice-rice, and all the rapeseed straw is returned to the field, which effectively solves the problem of difficulty in returning straw to the field in the three-cropping system; the precise mechanical direct seeding of rapeseed effectively solves the problem that the three-cropping system seriously affects the crop growth period due to the tight crop rotation time, and realizes light, high-yield and efficient cultivation; after spraying the rapeseed with stalk fertilizer, continuing to spray the rapeseed quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps to increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil can greatly improve the quality of the produced rapeseed oil and the rapeseed yield; before transplanting the early rice, the rice field is subjected to a dry-wet alternating treatment that helps to further discharge the toxic substances produced by the decomposition of the straw, which can effectively prevent the formation of dead seedlings after transplanting the early rice in the later stage.

[0106] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements may be made based on the present invention. Therefore, such modifications and improvements, which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, are intended to be within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for planting winter rapeseed in double-cropping rice areas in southern China, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, sowing winter rapeseed and field management of winter rapeseed: Step S11: selecting rapeseed seeds of a late-sowing-tolerant and early-maturing variety, applying base fertilizer, and sowing after the late rice is harvested using a combined direct seeding machine that can complete plowing, base fertilizer application, sowing, and covering soil in one go; Step S12: When the rapeseed seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, apply urea at a rate of 14 to 16 kg / mu. Step S13: spraying 30-50 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer, calculated by weight, includes: 30 parts of biogas slurry, 10-15 parts of urea, 5-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-8 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 800-1000 parts of water; 5-7 days after spraying the stalk fertilizer, continue spraying 15-18 kg / mu of quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer that helps increase the phytosterol content of rapeseed oil; the quality-enhancing foliar fertilizer, calculated by weight, includes: 100 parts of biogas slurry, 20-25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-6 parts of polyaspartic acid, 6-8 parts of fulvic acid, and 800-1000 parts of water; Step S2, harvesting rapeseed and crushing the straw and returning it to the field: when the rapeseed pods turn loquat yellow, harvesting begins, collecting the rapeseed, and crushing the rapeseed straw and spreading it flat on the field surface; Step S3, turning and returning the rape straw to the field: maintaining a shallow water layer in the field, with the water layer controlled at 3-4 cm; spreading 140-160 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 8-12 kg / mu of urea, and rotary tilling at a depth of 25-30 cm to ensure that more than 80% of the rape straw is turned and pressed into the soil; maintaining a shallow water layer after rotary tillage, and soaking the field with shallow water for 2-4 days; Step S4, early rice transplanting: 10 to 15 days before transplanting the early rice, first put 10 to 15 kg / mu of biochemical potassium fulvic acid and 30 to 50 kg / mu of wood ash into the field, soak the field with shallow water for 4 to 8 days, and then drain; transplant the early rice on April 15 to 20.

2. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the sowing method is: select a 2BFQ-6 rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine to complete the soil rotary crushing, stubble removal, fertilization, sowing, and covering processes at one time, and use a wheeled tractor with a power of more than 36kW, an operating width of 2000mm, a maximum furrow width of 300mm, and a maximum furrow depth of 200mm; 6 rows are sown per furrow, the row spacing is 280mm, and the sowing depth is 0-20mm.

3. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the rapeseed seed variety is selected from any one or more of Yangguang 131, Fengyou 730, Xiangyou 420, Huayouza 652, Jingyou 69, Zhongyou 759, and Huayouza 994.

4. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, 48-52 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 280-320 g of boron fertilizer (12%) are applied per mu of rice field as base fertilizer.

5. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the late rice harvesting time is controlled between October 25 and November 5, and the winter rapeseed sowing time is controlled between November 5 and 20.

6. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the sowing density of rapeseed seeds is 380-420 g / mu.

7. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S13, 40-50 kg / mu of stalk fertilizer is sprayed during the rapeseed bud and stalk stage; the stalk fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30 parts of biogas slurry, 12-15 parts of urea, 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-8 parts of soluble boron fertilizer, and 900-1000 parts of water.

8. The winter rapeseed planting method in the southern double-season rice region according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the rape straw is crushed into pieces of 15 to 20 cm.

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