High-strength high-elongation aluminum alloy material and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

This invention provides a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material and its preparation method. The method includes the following steps: mechanically alloying nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and half of the aluminum alloy substrate powder using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder A; ball milling micron-sized silicon carbide fibers and the other half of the aluminum alloy substrate powder using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; mixing mixed powder A and mixed powder B, followed by degassing, sealing, and hot extrusion solidification to obtain the final product. This invention uses a composite of nano-sized particles and micron-sized fibers to reinforce the aluminum alloy. The nanoparticles are relatively small and, when subjected to external loads and undergoing plastic deformation, can be dispersed within the micron-sized fibers, resulting in more uniform plastic deformation and less stress concentration. Furthermore, the finer the nanoparticles, the larger the total grain boundary area, and the more tortuous the grain boundaries, the less conducive it is to crack propagation, thus resulting in higher alloy strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, specifically to a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum is the second largest metal material in terms of production volume after steel. Due to its excellent properties, wide range of applications, large demand, and low recycling costs, it is known as the "universal metal." Statistics show that 113 out of 124 industries in my country use aluminum products, with an industrial correlation rate as high as 91%. Therefore, the aluminum industry is one of the important pillar raw material industries for the sustained development of the national economy. In recent decades, aluminum alloys have developed in two main directions: one is the development of new high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy materials; the other is the development of a series of civilian aluminum alloy materials that can meet various application conditions. In the development of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloys, the pursuit of material strength and the resulting problems of improving its resistance to stress corrosion, fracture toughness, and fatigue strength have always been research topics. Adding nanoscale particles to aluminum alloys can improve their strength, but often at the expense of plasticity. Therefore, how to maintain high plasticity while maintaining strength is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical Problem to be Solved: To address the aforementioned technical problems, the objective of this invention is to provide a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material and its preparation method. This method employs a composite of nano-sized particles and micron-sized fibers to reinforce the aluminum alloy. Simply reinforcing aluminum alloys with nanoparticles often comes at the cost of sacrificing plasticity. In this invention, the nanoparticles are relatively small and, when subjected to external loads and undergoing plastic deformation, can be dispersed within the micron-sized fibers, resulting in more uniform plastic deformation and less stress concentration. Furthermore, the finer the nanoparticles, the larger the total grain boundary area, and the more tortuous the grain boundaries, the less conducive they are to crack propagation, thus resulting in higher alloy strength.

[0004] Technical solution: A high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material, comprising nano-sized ceramic particles, micron-sized silicon carbide fibers, and an aluminum alloy substrate;

[0005] The aluminum alloy substrate comprises the following components:

[0006] The Si content is 0.6 wt.%.

[0007] Mg content is 0.5-1.5 wt.%.

[0008] Zn content is 0.4 wt.%.

[0009] Ce was 0.3 wt.%.

[0010] The margin is Al.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the nano-sized ceramic particles, the micron-sized silicon carbide fibers, and the aluminum alloy substrate is (3-7):(2-5):100.

[0012] Furthermore, the particle size of the nano-sized ceramic particles is 20-200 nm.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the nanoscale ceramic particles is as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Dissolve nitrate and ammonium carbonate separately in water to prepare nitrate solution with a concentration of 2 mol / L and ammonium carbonate solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L;

[0015] Step 2: Add polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether to the nitrate solution, and then add ammonium carbonate solution dropwise while stirring vigorously until the pH becomes slightly acidic. At this point, the reaction solution will form a slightly cloudy sol. Stop adding ammonium carbonate solution and continue stirring for 1 hour. After aging for 48 hours, extract...

[0016] The gel obtained after filtration and aging;

[0017] Step 3: Dry at 60℃ for 12 hours to obtain dry gel powder;

[0018] Step 4: Add n-butanol, and after ultrasonic oscillation, stir vigorously for 45 minutes and reflux for 1 hour. After complete dehydration, remove n-butanol by distillation. After filtration, the loose powder obtained is heat-treated at 800℃ to obtain nano-sized ceramic particles.

[0019] Furthermore, the nitrate is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and barium nitrate, with a molar ratio of 2:1.

[0020] Furthermore, the length of the micron-sized silicon carbide fiber is 1-30 μm.

[0021] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0022] S1: Nanoscale ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and half aluminum alloy substrate powder are mechanically alloyed under the protection of high-purity argon gas using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio is 8:1, the rotation speed is 350 r / min, and the ball milling time is 24 h.

[0023] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fibers and the other half of the aluminum alloy substrate powder were ball-milled under the protection of high-purity argon gas using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300 r / min, and the ball milling time was 12 h;

[0024] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0025] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the nano-sized ceramic particles to the rare earth element Zr is 4:1.

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This invention employs a composite of nano-sized particles and micron-sized fibers to reinforce aluminum alloys. Simply reinforcing aluminum alloys with nanoparticles often comes at the cost of sacrificing plasticity. In this invention, the nanoparticles are relatively small and, when subjected to external loads and undergoing plastic deformation, can be dispersed within the micron-sized fibers, resulting in more uniform plastic deformation and less stress concentration. Furthermore, the finer the nanoparticles, the larger the total grain boundary area, and the more tortuous the grain boundaries, the less conducive they are to crack propagation, thus resulting in higher alloy strength.

[0028] 2. The present invention uses rare earth element Zr, which can refine grains and form uniform and fine Al3Zr particles with Al, which are evenly dispersed on the matrix, thus greatly improving the strength and tensile strength of aluminum alloy. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This invention proposes a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material and its preparation method. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the following will provide a more detailed description of the invention with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The preparation method of nanoscale ceramic particles is as follows:

[0032] Step 1: Dissolve nitrate and ammonium carbonate separately in water to prepare a nitrate solution with a concentration of 2 mol / L and an ammonium carbonate solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L; the nitrate is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and barium nitrate, with a molar ratio of 2:1;

[0033] Step 2: Add polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether to the nitrate solution. The volume ratio of nitrate solution to polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether is 25:2. Add ammonium carbonate solution dropwise under vigorous stirring until the pH becomes slightly acidic. At this point, the reaction solution is a slightly turbid sol. Stop adding ammonium carbonate solution and continue stirring for 1 hour. After aging for 48 hours, filter the gel obtained after aging.

[0034] Step 3: Dry at 60℃ for 12 hours to obtain dry gel powder;

[0035] Step 4: Add n-butanol, and after ultrasonic oscillation, stir vigorously for 45 minutes and reflux for 1 hour. After complete dehydration, remove n-butanol by distillation. After filtration, the loose powder obtained is heat-treated at 800℃ to obtain nano-sized ceramic particles with a particle size of 20-200nm.

[0036] The aluminum alloy substrate used in the following embodiments has the following composition: Si is 0.6 wt.%; Mg is 1.0 wt.%; Zn is 0.4 wt.%; Ce is 0.3 wt.%; and the balance is Al.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 3:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0040] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50.

[0041] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0044] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0045] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50.

[0046] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0049] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 5:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0050] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50.

[0051] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0054] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 6:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0055] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50.

[0056] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0057] Example 6

[0058] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 7:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0060] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50.

[0061] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0062] Example 7

[0063] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0064] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 6:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0065] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 2:50.

[0066] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0067] Example 8

[0068] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0069] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 6:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0070] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm are ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio is 6:1, the rotation speed is 300r / min, and the ball milling time is 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate is 3:50.

[0071] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0072] Example 9

[0073] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0074] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 6:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0075] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 5:50.

[0076] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0077] Comparative Example 1

[0078] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 is that it uses a single nanoscale ceramic particle for reinforcement, specifically:

[0079] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0080] S1: The nano-sized ceramic particles, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under high-purity argon protection to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to aluminum alloy substrate was 6:50; and the mass ratio of nano-sized ceramic particles to rare earth element Zr was 4:1.

[0081] S2: The nano-sized ceramic particles and aluminum alloy substrate powder prepared in Example 1 were ball-milled under the protection of high-purity argon gas using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300 r / min, and the ball milling time was 12 h; the mass ratio of the nano-sized ceramic particles and aluminum alloy substrate prepared in Example 1 was 4:50.

[0082] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 is that a single micron-sized silicon carbide fiber is used, specifically:

[0085] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material includes the following steps:

[0086] S1: Micron-sized silicon carbide fibers with a length of 1-30 μm, rare earth element Zr, and aluminum alloy substrate powder were mechanically alloyed under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-powder ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fibers with a length of 1-30 μm to aluminum alloy substrate was 6:50; and the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fibers with a length of 1-30 μm to rare earth element Zr was 4:1;

[0087] S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate powder with a length of 1-30μm were ball-milled under high-purity argon protection using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300r / min, and the ball milling time was 12h; the mass ratio of micron-sized silicon carbide fiber and aluminum alloy substrate was 4:50.

[0088] S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the final product.

[0089] According to the national standard GB / T16865-2013, the lightweight high-pressure resistant aluminum alloy materials of each embodiment were processed into standard tensile specimens and subjected to room temperature tensile testing on a DNS200 electronic tensile testing machine at a tensile rate of 2 mm / min. Three sets of data were measured for each sample, and the average value was taken. The mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.

[0090] Table 1

[0091] Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Example 2 539.6 462.1 22.3 Example 3 541.5 464.0 22.5 Example 4 544.2 467.8 22.8 Example 5 547.8 471.2 23.0 Example 6 548.0 471.5 22.9 Example 7 542.3 465.4 21.7 Example 8 545.6 468.7 22.4 Example 9 548.6 471.0 23.1 Comparative Example 1 502.1 437.6 16.8 Comparative Example 2 514.3 442.1 19.3

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Nanoscale ceramic particles, Zr, and half-aluminum alloy substrate powder were mechanically alloyed using a planetary ball mill under the protection of high-purity argon gas to obtain mixed powder A; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 8:1, the rotation speed was 350 r / min, and the ball milling time was 24 h. S2: Micron-sized silicon carbide fibers and the other half of the aluminum alloy substrate powder were ball-milled under the protection of high-purity argon gas using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B; wherein, the ball-to-material ratio was 6:1, the rotation speed was 300 r / min, and the ball milling time was 12 h. S3: Mix powder A and powder B in a mixer for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder. Pack the mixed powder into a stainless steel sleeve, and after degassing and sealing, perform hot extrusion to solidify and form the powder. The aluminum alloy substrate comprises the following components: Si content is 0.6 wt.%; Mg content is 0.5-1.5 wt.%; Zn content is 0.4 wt.%; Ce was 0.3 wt.%; The balance is Al; The mass ratio of the nano-sized ceramic particles, the micron-sized silicon carbide fibers and the aluminum alloy substrate is (3-7):(2-5):100; The particle size of the nano-sized ceramic particles is 20-200 nm; The length of the micron-sized silicon carbide fiber is 1-30 μm; The mass ratio of the nano-sized ceramic particles to Zr is 4:

1.

2. The method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the nanoscale ceramic particles is as follows: Step 1: Dissolve nitrate and ammonium carbonate separately in water to prepare nitrate solution with a concentration of 2 mol / L and ammonium carbonate solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L; Step 2: Add polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether to the nitrate solution, and add ammonium carbonate solution dropwise under vigorous stirring until the pH is slightly acidic. At this point, the reaction solution is a slightly turbid sol. Stop adding ammonium carbonate solution and continue stirring for 1 hour. After aging for 48 hours, filter the gel obtained after aging. Step 3: Dry at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain dry gel powder; Step 4: Add n-butanol, and after ultrasonic oscillation, stir vigorously for 45 min, reflux for 1 h. After complete dehydration, remove n-butanol by distillation, filter and heat-treat the loose powder obtained at 800℃ to obtain nano-sized ceramic particles.

3. The method for preparing a high-strength, high-elongation aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nitrates are aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and barium nitrate, with a molar ratio of 2:1.