Geological disaster induced landslide experimental monitoring device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of geological disaster model test, in particular to a kind of geological disaster induced landslide experimental monitoring device. Including: experimental box, two filter screens are arranged on the bottom of experimental box;Drier, set in the lower end of the top of experimental box;Simulated rainfall mechanism, including water reservoir and water delivery pipe, water delivery pipe includes vertical pipe and cross pipe, a plurality of spherical nozzles are arranged on cross pipe;Pile slope assembly, including horizontal slide rail, bulldozer wheel, inclined slide rail, lifting mechanism, transmission mechanism, center shaft, slewing mechanism, laser ranging sensor and bulldozer mechanism;Rainwater recovery tank, set in the bottom of experimental box;General controller, fixedly set in the lateral wall of experimental box, the device can automatically reset soil slope state, facilitate multiple experiments, improve experimental efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster model testing, specifically to an experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides. Background Technology

[0002] A landslide is a natural phenomenon in which soil or rock masses on a slope slide downhill, either as a whole or in parts, under the influence of gravity, due to factors such as river erosion, groundwater activity, rainwater soaking, earthquakes, and artificial slope cutting. The moving rock (soil) mass is called a displaced body or sliding body, while the underlying rock (soil) mass that has not moved is called a sliding bed.

[0003] The basic conditions for landslides are the presence of sliding space in front of the slope and cutting surfaces on both sides. For example, in southwestern China, especially the hilly and mountainous regions, the most basic topographical features are numerous mountains, steep slopes, loose soil structure, easy water accumulation, and gullies and rivers running through the mountains, cutting against them and thus forming numerous slopes and cutting surfaces with sufficient sliding space. These basic conditions for landslides are widespread, and landslide disasters are quite frequent. Rainfall has a significant impact on landslides. The effect of rainfall on landslides is mainly manifested in the large amount of rainwater infiltration, leading to saturation of the soil and rock layers on the slope, and even water accumulation in the impermeable layer at the bottom of the slope. This increases the weight of the landslide mass, reduces the shear strength of the soil and rock layers, and leads to landslides. Many landslides exhibit the characteristic of "large landslides in heavy rain, small landslides in light rain, and no landslides in the absence of rain."

[0004] Existing landslide experimental devices require manual backfilling and cleaning after each experiment, which is cumbersome and cannot automatically restore the initial experimental conditions. Experimental results often need to be verified through repeated experiments. The inability of traditional equipment to automatically reset the initial experimental state leads to low experimental efficiency. Furthermore, the equipment is not good at simulating the landslide behavior of slopes with different gradients after being infiltrated by rainwater. When experiments need to be conducted on different slopes, the experimental efficiency of traditional equipment is even lower. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides to address the existing technical problems.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, the technical solution adopted in this invention is: an experimental monitoring device for landslides induced by geological disasters, comprising:

[0007] The experimental chamber is set in a horizontal position, and two filters are symmetrically spaced at the bottom of the experimental chamber.

[0008] A dryer is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the experimental chamber and is used to dry the soil to achieve the required humidity for the experiment.

[0009] The simulated rainfall mechanism includes a water reservoir horizontally mounted on the top plate of the experimental chamber and a water supply pipe located beside the water reservoir. The water supply pipe includes a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe. The horizontal pipe is fixed to the bottom of the top plate of the experimental chamber by a hoisting device. One end of the vertical pipe is connected to one side of the water reservoir and the other end is connected to the horizontal pipe. Several spherical nozzles are evenly spaced along the axis of the horizontal pipe.

[0010] The landslide assembly includes two horizontal slide rails symmetrically spaced at the bottom of the test chamber, a bulldozer wheel horizontally positioned between the two horizontal slide rails, two inclined slide rails symmetrically spaced at both ends of the bulldozer wheel, a lifting mechanism positioned above one end of the two horizontal slide rails, a transmission mechanism positioned on the two inclined slide rails, a central shaft coaxially fixedly connected to the bulldozer wheel, two slewing mechanisms symmetrically coaxially positioned at both ends of the central shaft, a laser rangefinder sensor positioned on the lifting mechanism, and a bulldozing mechanism positioned above the other end of the two horizontal slide rails. A first slider is slidably mounted on each horizontal slide rail. One end of each inclined slide rail is hinged to the first slider, and the other end is connected to the lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is used to drive one end of the inclined slide rail to rise and fall. The two ends of the central shaft are respectively connected to one inclined slide rail via transmission. The transmission mechanism is connected to the central shaft and pulls the central shaft to roll obliquely upwards along the length of the inclined slide rail. The slewing mechanism is used to drive the central shaft to roll obliquely downwards along the length of the inclined slide rail. The bulldozing mechanism is used to push the dried soil after the landslide.

[0011] The rainwater harvesting bin is fixed horizontally at the bottom of the experimental chamber.

[0012] The main controller is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the experimental chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the slope assembly also includes a small slide rail fixedly disposed on the side of each of the inclined slide rails, a second slider slidably disposed on the small slide rail, a rotating shaft bracket fixedly disposed on the second slider, limiting blocks symmetrically disposed at both ends of the small slide rails, and two rolling gears symmetrically coaxially fixedly disposed at both ends of the central shaft. Each of the inclined slide rails is provided with a straight rack along its length direction, and each of the rolling gears meshes with the straight rack. The two ends of the central shaft are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, each inclined slide rail is also fixedly equipped with a protective shell. A long waist hole is opened on one side wall of the protective shell. A sliding member is slidably arranged in the long waist hole. A folded elastic band is movably arranged in the long waist hole. Both ends of the sliding member are connected to the folded elastic band. The central shaft passes through the sliding member and is rotatably connected to the sliding member through a bearing.

[0015] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a dual-head motor horizontally positioned on the top of the experimental chamber and located on one side of the water reservoir, and take-up reels symmetrically positioned at both ends of the dual-head motor. Each take-up reel includes a winding wheel located at one end of the output shaft of the dual-head motor, a rope loop fixedly mounted on the slewing mechanism, a support rope frame fixedly mounted at the end of the protective shell, and a pull rope whose end is fixedly connected to the rope loop, passes through the support rope frame, and is finally connected to the winding wheel. The power input end of the winding wheel is coaxially connected to the output end of the dual-head motor.

[0016] Furthermore, each of the rotary mechanisms includes a mounting shell fixedly mounted on the sliding member and a spring plate movably mounted inside the mounting shell. The central shaft passes through the mounting shell and is rotatably connected to the mounting shell via a bearing. One end of the spring plate is fixed to the central shaft, and the other end abuts against the interior of the mounting shell.

[0017] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes two vertical slide rails that are symmetrically and fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the experimental box away from the bulldozing mechanism, two third sliders that are symmetrically and slidably disposed on the two vertical slide rails, a connecting horizontal plate fixedly disposed on the two third sliders, and connecting seats fixedly disposed at both ends of the connecting horizontal plate. The laser rangefinder is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting horizontal plate, and the end of each inclined slide rail near the connecting horizontal plate is hinged to a corresponding connecting seat.

[0018] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism also includes a power motor mounted on the top of the experimental chamber, a movable component fixedly mounted on the side of the connecting horizontal plate away from the laser rangefinder sensor, a fixed shaft seat fixedly mounted on the bottom of the experimental chamber, and a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft seat. The top end of the rotating shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power motor. The movable component has a threaded through hole, and the rotating shaft passes through the threaded through hole and is threadedly connected to the movable component.

[0019] Furthermore, the bulldozing mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged sliding support frames on two horizontal slide rails, a bulldozing plate fixedly arranged between the two sliding support frames and fixedly connected to the two sliding support frames, a transition seat symmetrically arranged on one side of the bulldozing plate, and two cylinders connected to the corresponding two transition seats. The bottom end of each cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the experimental chamber, and the output end of the cylinder is connected to the bulldozing plate through the transition seat.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0021] Firstly, this device can automatically restore the initial state of the landslide test slope, facilitating repeated verification of the experiment and improving experimental efficiency.

[0022] Secondly, this device can conduct repeated experiments on slopes with different gradients without requiring manual adjustment of the slope. The device can be adjusted under the main controller, which facilitates repeated experiments on slopes with different gradients.

[0023] Thirdly, this device uses a dryer and a slope-building component to dry the soil. On the one hand, it removes excess moisture from the previous experiment, and on the other hand, it controls the initial moisture content of the soil, thereby simulating the slopes in different regions. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ,

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ,

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the DD direction.

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural cross-section of the simulated rainfall mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the slope-stabilizing component of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a side view of the protective shell and the inclined slide rail of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cut-off three-dimensional structure of the soil-filling component of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 This is the invention Figure 10 Enlarged view of the structure at point C.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hinge joint between the inclined slide rail and the horizontal slide rail of the present invention. Figure 1 ,

[0036] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hinge joint between the inclined slide rail and the horizontal slide rail of the present invention. Figure 2 ,

[0037] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hinge joint between the inclined slide rail and the horizontal slide rail of the present invention. Figure 3 ,

[0038] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hinge joint between the inclined slide rail and the horizontal slide rail of the present invention. Figure 4 ,

[0039] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bulldozing mechanism of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 Enlarged view of the structure at point F.

[0041] The following components are labeled in the diagram: 1. Experimental chamber; 2. Filter screen; 3. Main controller; 4. Simulated rainfall mechanism; 5. Water reservoir; 6. Water supply pipe; 7. Vertical pipe; 8. Horizontal pipe; 9. Spherical nozzle; 10. Slope assembly; 11. Bulldozer wheel; 12. Central shaft; 13. Horizontal slide rail; 14. First slider; 15. Inclined slide rail; 16. Second slider; 17. Rotary shaft support; 18. Small slide rail; 19. Limiting block; 20. Straight rack; 21. Rolling gear; 22. Folding elastic band; 23. Protective shell; 24. Sliding component; 25. Long slotted hole; 26. Transmission mechanism; 27. Dual-head motor 28. Reel; 29. ​​Pull rope; 30. Rope loop; 31. Support rope frame; 32. Winding reel; 33. Rotation mechanism; 34. Spring; 35. Mounting housing; 36. Lifting mechanism; 37. Vertical slide rail; 38. Power motor; 39. Rotating shaft; 40. Fixed shaft seat; 41. Third slider; 42. Connecting horizontal plate; 43. Moving part; 44. Threaded through hole; 45. Connecting seat; 46. Laser rangefinder; 47. Bulldozing mechanism; 48. Sliding support frame; 49. Bulldozer blade; 50. Adapter seat; 51. Cylinder; 52. Dryer; 53. Rainwater harvesting tank. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] refer to Figures 1 to 17 An experimental monitoring device for landslides induced by geological disasters, comprising:

[0044] The experimental chamber 1 is set in a horizontal position, and two filters 2 are symmetrically spaced at the bottom of the experimental chamber 1.

[0045] Dryer 52 is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the top of experimental chamber 1. Dryer 52 is used to dry the soil to achieve the required humidity for the experiment.

[0046] The simulated rainfall mechanism 4 includes a water reservoir 5 horizontally mounted on the top plate of the experimental chamber 1 and a water supply pipe 6 located beside the water reservoir 5. The water supply pipe 6 includes a vertical pipe 7 and a horizontal pipe 8. The horizontal pipe 8 is fixed to the bottom of the top plate of the experimental chamber 1 by a hoisting device. One end of the vertical pipe 7 is connected to one side of the water reservoir 5 and the other end is connected to the horizontal pipe 8. Several spherical nozzles 9 are evenly spaced along the axis of the horizontal pipe 8.

[0047] The slope-stabilizing assembly 10 includes two horizontal slide rails 13 symmetrically spaced at the bottom of the test chamber 1, a bulldozer wheel 11 horizontally positioned between the two horizontal slide rails 13, two inclined slide rails 15 symmetrically spaced at both ends of the bulldozer wheel 11, a lifting mechanism 36 positioned above one end of the two horizontal slide rails 13, a transmission mechanism 26 mounted on the two inclined slide rails 15, a central shaft 12 coaxially fixedly connected to the bulldozer wheel 11, two slewing mechanisms 33 symmetrically coaxially positioned at both ends of the central shaft 12, a laser rangefinder 46 mounted on the lifting mechanism 36, and a transmission mechanism 26 mounted on the other end of the two horizontal slide rails 13. The bulldozing mechanism 47 at the top of the end has a first slider 14 slidably mounted on each of the horizontal slide rails 13. One end of each inclined slide rail 15 is hinged to the first slider 14 and the other end is connected to the lifting mechanism 36. The lifting mechanism 36 is used to drive one end of the inclined slide rail 15 to rise and fall. The two ends of the central shaft 12 are respectively connected to one inclined slide rail 15. The transmission mechanism 26 is connected to the central shaft 12 and pulls the central shaft 12 to roll obliquely upward along the length of the inclined slide rail 15. The rotary mechanism 33 is used to drive the central shaft 12 to roll obliquely downward along the length of the inclined slide rail 15. The bulldozing mechanism 47 is used to push the dried soil after the landslide.

[0048] Rainwater harvesting bin 53 is fixedly installed horizontally at the bottom of experimental chamber 1;

[0049] The main controller 3 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the experimental chamber 1.

[0050] When the device is running, the staff first operates the lifting mechanism 36 through the main controller 3. The lifting mechanism 36 drives the two inclined slide rails 15 to rise or fall a certain distance. With the help of the laser rangefinder 46, the angle between the inclined slide rails 15 and the bottom of the experimental box 1 is adjusted. When the angle reaches the required experimental angle, the transmission mechanism 26 is operated to make the bulldozer wheel 11 move to the upper end of the inclined slide rail 15. This prevents the bulldozer wheel 11 from affecting the subsequent landslide experiment by being below the inclined slide rail 15. At this time, the transmission mechanism 26 is operated through the main controller 3. With the cooperation of the rotary mechanism 33, the central shaft 12 and the bulldozer wheel 11 are driven to roll back and forth along the length of the inclined slide rail 15 until the soil is piled up into the initial state required for the experiment. Then, under the control of the main controller 3, the simulated rainfall mechanism 4 is operated. The water storage tank 5 sprays water through the water supply pipe 6 from the spherical nozzle 9 to simulate rainfall. Time data is observed and recorded through the side wall of the experimental chamber 1 (the side wall of the experimental chamber 1 is made of tempered glass). Rainwater flows down the slope, passes through the filter screen 2, and flows into the rainwater recycling tank 53 to avoid water waste. The water in the rainwater recycling tank 53 can be reused. When the rainfall reaches a certain amount, the soil pile begins to landslide. At this time, the simulated rainfall mechanism 4 is paused, and the staff observes and records the experimental data through the side wall of the experimental chamber 1. Then, the dryer 52 is started to dry the soil to the required humidity for the experiment. At this time, the bulldozing mechanism 47 is started to push the dried soil after the landslide back to the approximate position before the landslide. Then, the transmission mechanism 26 is started again, and in conjunction with the rotary mechanism 33, the bulldozing wheel 11 is driven to roll back and forth along the inclined slide rail 15 to reset the soil pile to the state before the landslide. Then, the simulated rainfall mechanism 4 is started again for the next experiment, and the experimental data is recorded again. Thus, by repeatedly resetting the slope using this device, the experiment can be conducted multiple times, resulting in more accurate data recording and eliminating the need for manual adjustments to the slope, thereby improving experimental efficiency.

[0051] To ensure that the bulldozer wheel 11 can move along the inclined slide rail 15 during operation, the device is specifically designed with the following features:

[0052] The slope assembly 10 also includes a small slide rail 18 fixedly disposed on the side of each of the inclined slide rails 15, a second slider 16 slidably disposed on the small slide rail 18, a rotating shaft bracket 17 fixedly disposed on the second slider 16, limiting blocks 19 symmetrically disposed at both ends of the small slide rail 18, and two rolling gears 21 symmetrically coaxially fixedly disposed at both ends of the central shaft 12. Each of the inclined slide rails 15 is provided with a rack 20 along its length direction, and each of the rolling gears 21 meshes with the rack 20. The two ends of the central shaft 12 are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft bracket 17.

[0053] When the device is running, the transmission mechanism 26 pulls the central shaft 12 to move. At this time, the rotating shaft support 17 slides along the length direction of the small slide rail 18 together with the second slider 16 under the limit. During this process, the rolling gear 21 meshes with the spur rack 20 and rotates. Thus, the bulldozer wheel 11 moves along the length direction of the inclined slide rail 15 and also rotates.

[0054] To ensure the device operates smoothly and prevent soil from affecting the meshing between the rolling gear 21 and the rack 20, the following features are specifically provided:

[0055] Each inclined slide rail 15 is also fixedly provided with a protective shell 23. A long waist hole 25 is opened on one side wall of the protective shell 23. A sliding member 24 is slidably arranged in the long waist hole 25. A folding elastic band 22 is movably arranged in the long waist hole 25. Both ends of the sliding member 24 are connected to the folding elastic band 22. The central shaft 12 passes through the sliding member 24 and is rotatably connected to the sliding member 24 through a bearing.

[0056] When the device is running, as the rolling gear 21 meshes with the rack 20 and rolls along the rack 20, the central shaft 12 moves along the length of the inclined slide rail 15. During this process, the central shaft 12 drives the slider 24 to slide along the long waist hole 25, thereby causing the folding elastic band 22 to contract and expand (the folding elastic band 22 can seal the excess gap between the long waist hole 25 and the slider 24, and can contract and expand along with the slider 24 as it slides).

[0057] To ensure that the transmission mechanism 26 can pull the central shaft 12 along the length of the inclined slide rail 15 during operation, it is specifically designed with the following features:

[0058] The transmission mechanism 26 includes a dual-head motor 27 horizontally mounted on the top of the experimental chamber 1 and located on one side of the water reservoir 5, and take-up coils 28 symmetrically mounted at both ends of the dual-head motor 27. Each take-up coil 28 includes a winding wheel mounted on one end of the output shaft of the dual-head motor 27, a rope loop 30 fixedly mounted on the slewing mechanism 33, a support rope frame 31 fixedly mounted on the end of the protective shell 23, and a pull rope 29 with one end fixedly connected to the rope loop 30 and passing through the support rope frame 31 and finally connected to the winding wheel 32. The power input end of the winding wheel 32 is coaxially connected to the output end of the dual-head motor 27.

[0059] When the device is running, when the bulldozer wheel 11 needs to move upward along the inclined slide rail 15, the dual-head motor 27 is started by the main controller 3, which drives the two winding wheels 32 to rotate together, winding up the pull rope 29 and pulling the central shaft 12 upward along the length of the inclined slide rail 15, so that the bulldozer wheel 11 moves upward together. When the bulldozer wheel 11 moves to the top of the inclined slide rail 15, the dual-head motor 27 reverses, and the rotary mechanism 33 is started, which drives the central shaft 12 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the rolling gear 21 rolls downward along the rack 20, and carries the bulldozer wheel 11 downward together. When the bulldozer wheel 11 moves to the other end of the inclined slide rail 15, the rotary mechanism 33 stops moving, and the dual-head motor 27 is started again, driving the bulldozer wheel 11 to move along the inclined slide rail 15. Thus, with the dual-head motor 27 and the rotary mechanism 33 driving the bulldozer wheel 11 to move in sequence, the slope inclination angle is adjusted.

[0060] To ensure that the rotating mechanism 33 can drive the bulldozer wheel 11 to move downward along the inclined slide rail 15 during operation, it is specifically designed with the following features:

[0061] Each of the rotary mechanisms 33 includes a mounting shell 35 fixedly mounted on the sliding member 24 and a spring plate 34 movably mounted inside the mounting shell 35. The central shaft 12 passes through the mounting shell 35 and is rotatably connected to the mounting shell 35 through a bearing. One end of the spring plate 34 is fixed to the central shaft 12 and the other end abuts against the inside of the mounting shell 35.

[0062] When the device is running, as the central shaft 12 moves and rotates along the rack 20 under the meshing of the rolling gear 21 and the rack 20, the spring 34 is compressed by force. When the take-up coil 28 winds up the pull rope 29 and pulls the central shaft 12 to the top of the inclined slide rail 15, the double-headed motor 27 reverses, and the take-up coil 28 reverses accordingly, causing the pull rope 29 to loosen. The spring 34 releases torque and drives the central shaft 12 to reverse, thereby causing the rolling gear 21 to move downward along the rack 20 to the bottom of the inclined slide rail 15.

[0063] To ensure the device operates smoothly, the lifting mechanism 36 can move one end of the two inclined slide rails 15 up and down to adjust the tilt angle of the inclined slide rails 15. Specifically, it has the following features:

[0064] The lifting mechanism 36 includes two vertical slide rails 37 that are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the experimental box 1 away from the bulldozing mechanism 47, two third sliders 41 that are symmetrically and slidably arranged on the two vertical slide rails 37, a connecting horizontal plate 42 fixedly arranged on the two third sliders 41, and a connecting seat 45 fixedly arranged at both ends of the connecting horizontal plate 42. The laser range sensor 46 is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting horizontal plate 42, and the end of each inclined slide rail 15 near the connecting horizontal plate 42 is hinged to a corresponding connecting seat 45.

[0065] When the connecting horizontal plate 42 slides along the vertical slide rail 37 via the two third sliders 41, since one end of the two inclined slide rails 15 is hinged to the corresponding two connecting seats 45 and the other end is hinged to the first slider 14, the two inclined slide rails 15 will change their tilt angle as the connecting horizontal plate 42 moves. Therefore, when it is necessary to adjust the tilt angle of the inclined slide rails 15, it is only necessary to control the position of the connecting horizontal plate 42 on the two vertical slide rails 37 to achieve the purpose.

[0066] To ensure that the connecting horizontal plate 42 can move along the vertical slide rail 37 and thus control the tilt angle of the inclined slide rail 15 during device operation, the following features are specifically provided:

[0067] The lifting mechanism 36 also includes a power motor 38 disposed on the top of the experimental chamber 1, a movable part 43 fixedly disposed on the side away from the laser rangefinder 46 in the middle of the connecting horizontal plate 42, a fixed bearing seat 40 fixedly disposed on the bottom of the experimental chamber 1, and a rotating shaft 39 rotatably disposed on the fixed bearing seat 40. The top end of the rotating shaft 39 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power motor 38. The movable part 43 is provided with a threaded through hole 44, and the rotating shaft 39 passes through the threaded through hole 44 and is threadedly connected to the movable part 43.

[0068] When the device is running, the main controller 3 controls the start of the power motor 38, which drives the rotating shaft 39 to rotate. Since the movable part 43 is connected to the rotating shaft 39 by a thread, the movable part 43 moves along the axis of the rotating shaft 39 as the rotating shaft 39 rotates, thereby driving the connecting horizontal plate 42 to move along the vertical slide rail 37 and thus controlling the tilt angle of the inclined slide rail 15.

[0069] To ensure that the bulldozing mechanism 47 can push the soil after a landslide during operation, it is specifically designed with the following features:

[0070] The bulldozing mechanism 47 includes two symmetrically arranged sliding support frames 48 on two horizontal slide rails 13, a bulldozing plate 49 fixedly arranged between the two sliding support frames 48 and fixedly connected to the two sliding support frames 48, a transition seat 50 symmetrically arranged on one side of the bulldozing plate 49, and two cylinders 51 connected to the corresponding two transition seats 50. The bottom end of each cylinder 51 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the experimental chamber 1, and the output end of the cylinder 51 is connected to the bulldozing plate 49 through the transition seat 50.

[0071] When the device is running, after the soil pile landslides, the excess water in the soil is discharged under the drying of the dryer 52. However, the hardness of the dried soil will be slightly harder than before the landslide. At this time, the cylinder 51 is started by the main controller 3 to push the bulldozer 49 to move along the horizontal slide rail 13 on the sliding support frame 48, pushing the soil to the approximate position before the landslide. During the pushing process, the soil will be crushed due to compression, destroying the overall shape of the soil, which makes it easier for the slope assembly 10 to reset the soil later.

[0072] Working principle: The operator first controls the device through the main controller 3, which first runs the power motor 38. The power motor 38 drives the rotating shaft 39 to rotate. The movable part 43 is connected to the rotating shaft 39 by a thread. The movable part 43 will move along the rotating shaft 39 as it rotates, thereby driving the connecting horizontal plate 42 to move along the vertical slide rail 37. With the help of the laser range sensor 46, the angle between the inclined slide rail 15 and the bottom of the experimental box 1 is adjusted.

[0073] Once the included angle reaches the required experimental value, pause the power motor 38 and start the dual-head motor 27 to drive the two winding wheels 32 to rotate together, winding up the pull rope 29. This pulls the sliding member 24 along the elongated hole 25, thereby pulling the central shaft 12 upward along the length of the inclined slide rail 15. Simultaneously, the rolling gear 21 meshes with the spur rack 20, causing it to rotate. This causes the bulldozer wheel 11 to rotate as it moves obliquely upward. At this time, the spring plate 34 is compressed. When the bulldozer wheel 11 reaches the apex of the inclined slide rail 15, i.e., when the rotating shaft bracket 17 abuts against the limiting block 19 located at the top of the small slide rail 18, the dual-head motor... When the motor 27 reverses, the spring 34 releases pressure, causing the central shaft 12 to rotate in the opposite direction. This causes the rolling gear 21 to roll downwards along the rack 20, carrying the bulldozer wheel 11 downwards and rotating until the bulldozer wheel 11 reaches the other end of the inclined slide rail 15, where the shaft support 17 abuts against the limit block 19 at the bottom of the small slide rail 18. The spring 34 then returns to its initial state, and the dual-head motor 27 is restarted, driving the bulldozer wheel 11 to move along the inclined slide rail 15. Thus, with the transmission mechanism 26 and the rotation mechanism 33 sequentially driving the bulldozer wheel 11, the slope inclination angle is adjusted. During this process, the folded elastic band 22 prevents soil from entering the protective shell 23, ensuring that the rolling gear 21 can always mesh with the rack 20. Once the slope inclination angle is adjusted, the main controller 3 controls the bulldozer wheel 11 to move to the upper end of the inclined slide rail 15, preventing the bulldozer wheel 11 from being below the inclined slide rail 15 and affecting subsequent landslide experiments. Then, under the control of the main controller 3, the simulated rainfall mechanism 4 is activated. The water storage tank 5 sprays water through the water pipe 6 from the spherical nozzle 9 to simulate rainfall. Time data is observed and recorded through the side wall of the experimental chamber 1 (the side wall of the experimental chamber 1 is made of tempered glass). Rainwater flows down the slope, passes through the filter screen 2, and flows into the rainwater recovery tank 53 to avoid water waste. The water in the rainwater recovery tank 53 can be reused. When the rainfall reaches a certain amount, the soil pile begins to landslide. At this time, the simulated rainfall mechanism 4 is paused, and the staff observes and records the experimental data through the side wall of the experimental chamber 1. Then, the dryer 52 is activated to dry the soil to the required humidity for the experiment. At this time, the cylinder 51 is activated to push the bulldozer 49 to move along the horizontal slide rail 13 on the sliding support frame 48, pushing the soil to the approximate position before the landslide. During the pushing process, the soil will break due to compression, destroying the overall shape of the soil, which is convenient for the subsequent repositioning of the soil by the slope assembly 10. Then, the transmission mechanism 26 is activated again, coordinating with the rotary mechanism 33 to drive the bulldozer wheel 11 to roll back and forth along the inclined slide rail 15, resetting the soil pile to its state before the landslide. The simulated rainfall mechanism 4 is then activated again for the next experiment, and the experimental data is recorded again. Thus, by repeatedly resetting the soil slope with this device, the experiment can be conducted multiple times, resulting in more accurate data recording and eliminating the need for manual adjustments to the soil slope, thereby improving experimental efficiency.

[0074] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An experimental monitoring device for landslides induced by geological disasters, characterized in that, include: The experimental chamber (1) is set in a horizontal position, and two filters (2) are symmetrically spaced at the bottom of the experimental chamber (1). The dryer (52) is set horizontally at the bottom of the top of the experimental chamber (1). The dryer (52) is used to dry the soil to achieve the required humidity for the experiment. The simulated rainfall mechanism (4) includes a water reservoir (5) set horizontally on the top plate of the experimental chamber (1) and a water supply pipe (6) set next to the water reservoir (5). The water supply pipe (6) includes a vertical pipe (7) and a horizontal pipe (8). The horizontal pipe (8) is fixed to the bottom of the top plate of the experimental chamber (1) by a hoisting component. One end of the vertical pipe (7) is connected to one side of the water reservoir (5) and the other end is connected to the horizontal pipe (8). Several spherical nozzles (9) are evenly spaced along the axis on the horizontal pipe (8). The slope assembly (10) includes two horizontal slide rails (13) symmetrically spaced at the bottom of the test chamber (1), a bulldozer wheel (11) horizontally positioned between the two horizontal slide rails (13), two inclined slide rails (15) symmetrically spaced at both ends of the bulldozer wheel (11), a lifting mechanism (36) positioned above one end of the two horizontal slide rails (13), a transmission mechanism (26) positioned on the two inclined slide rails (15), a central shaft (12) coaxially fixedly connected to the bulldozer wheel (11), two slewing mechanisms (33) symmetrically coaxially positioned at both ends of the central shaft (12), a laser rangefinder (46) positioned on the lifting mechanism (36), and a laser rangefinder (46) positioned on the other end of the two horizontal slide rails (13). The bulldozing mechanism (47) above the end has a first slider (14) slidably mounted on each of the horizontal slide rails (13). One end of each inclined slide rail (15) is hinged to the first slider (14) and the other end is connected to the lifting mechanism (36). The lifting mechanism (36) is used to drive one end of the inclined slide rail (15) to rise and fall. The two ends of the central shaft (12) are respectively connected to the inclined slide rail (15). The transmission mechanism (26) is connected to the central shaft (12) and pulls the central shaft (12) to roll obliquely upward along the length direction of the inclined slide rail (15). The rotary mechanism (33) is used to drive the central shaft (12) to roll obliquely downward along the length direction of the inclined slide rail (15). The bulldozing mechanism (47) is used to push the soil dried after the landslide. The rainwater harvesting bin (53) is fixed horizontally at the bottom of the experimental chamber (1); The main controller (3) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the experimental box (1).

2. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope assembly (10) also includes a small slide rail (18) fixedly disposed on the side of each of the inclined slide rails (15), a second slider (16) slidably disposed on the small slide rail (18), a rotating shaft bracket (17) fixedly disposed on the second slider (16), a limiting block (19) symmetrically disposed at both ends of the small slide rail (18), and two rolling gears (21) symmetrically coaxially fixed at both ends of the central shaft (12). Each of the inclined slide rails (15) is provided with a rack (20) along the length direction. Each rolling gear (21) meshes with the rack (20). Both ends of the central shaft (12) are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft bracket (17).

3. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each inclined slide rail (15) is also fixedly provided with a protective shell (23). A long waist hole (25) is opened on one side wall of the protective shell (23). A sliding member (24) is slidably arranged in the long waist hole (25). A folded elastic band (22) is movably arranged in the long waist hole (25). Both ends of the sliding member (24) are connected to the folded elastic band (22). The central shaft (12) passes through the sliding member (24) and is rotatably connected to the sliding member (24) through a bearing.

4. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (26) includes a double-headed motor (27) that is horizontally positioned on the top of the experimental chamber (1) and located on one side of the water reservoir (5) and take-up coils (28) that are symmetrically positioned at both ends of the double-headed motor (27). Each take-up coil (28) includes a winding wheel located at one end of the output shaft of the double-headed motor (27), a rope loop (30) fixedly mounted on the rotary mechanism (33), a support rope frame (31) fixedly mounted at the end of the protective shell (23), and a pull rope (29) that is fixedly connected to the rope loop (30) at one end and passes through the support rope frame (31) and is finally connected to the winding wheel (32). The power input end of the winding wheel (32) is coaxially connected to the output end of the double-headed motor (27).

5. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the rotary mechanisms (33) includes a mounting shell (35) fixedly mounted on a sliding member (24) and a spring plate (34) movably mounted inside the mounting shell (35). The central shaft (12) passes through the mounting shell (35) and is rotatably connected to the mounting shell (35) via a bearing. One end of the spring plate (34) is fixed to the central shaft (12), and the other end abuts against the inside of the mounting shell (35).

6. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (36) includes two vertical slide rails (37) fixedly and symmetrically spaced on the inner wall of the experimental box (1) away from the bulldozing mechanism (47), two third sliders (41) symmetrically slidably mounted on the two vertical slide rails (37), a connecting horizontal plate (42) fixedly mounted on the two third sliders (41), and connecting seats (45) fixedly mounted at both ends of the connecting horizontal plate (42). The laser range sensor (46) is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting horizontal plate (42), and the end of each inclined slide rail (15) near the connecting horizontal plate (42) is hinged to a corresponding connecting seat (45).

7. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (36) also includes a power motor (38) set on the top of the experimental box (1), a movable part (43) fixedly set on the side away from the laser rangefinder (46) in the middle of the connecting horizontal plate (42), a fixed shaft seat (40) fixedly set on the bottom of the experimental box (1), and a rotating shaft (39) rotatably set on the fixed shaft seat (40). The top end of the rotating shaft (39) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power motor (38). The movable part (43) is provided with a threaded through hole (44). The rotating shaft (39) passes through the threaded through hole (44) and is threadedly connected to the movable part (43).

8. The experimental monitoring device for geological disaster-induced landslides according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bulldozing mechanism (47) includes two symmetrical sliding support frames (48) arranged on two horizontal slide rails (13), a bulldozing plate (49) fixedly arranged between the two sliding support frames (48) and fixedly connected to the two sliding support frames (48), a transition seat (50) symmetrically arranged on one side of the bulldozing plate (49), and two cylinders (51) connected to the corresponding two transition seats (50). The bottom end of each cylinder (51) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the experimental box (1), and the output end of the cylinder (51) is connected to the bulldozing plate (49) through the transition seat (50).

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