Directional sound-emitting substrate, display panel, manufacturing method and display device

Abstract

This application discloses a directional sound-emitting substrate, a display panel, a fabrication method, and a display device, relating to the field of display technology and capable of improving production yield. The directional sound-emitting substrate includes: a substrate; a mesh frame disposed on one side of the substrate, the mesh frame including multiple cell units for forming cavity units; a first electrode disposed between the substrate and the mesh frame; a diaphragm disposed on the side of the mesh frame away from the substrate, the side of the diaphragm closer to the substrate serving as a portion of the inner wall of the cavity unit; and a second electrode disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a directional sound-emitting substrate, a display panel, a manufacturing method, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with social development and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, various display devices have entered countless households. Displays are closely related to our lives, and mainstream consumer electronics products, represented by mobile phones, tablets, and laptops, are increasingly integrated into people's work, study, and daily life. While continuously facilitating people's lives and work, the widespread use of display devices has also brought new demands. At present, sound interference in public office areas is increasing, and people's demand for sound eavesdropping prevention is also rising.

[0003] In the field of sound eavesdropping prevention, directional sound generation devices are currently the primary method, enabling directional audio transmission. Based on the parametric array principle, using ultrasound as the carrier signal, and leveraging the unique nonlinear effects of ultrasound, highly directional audible sound is generated, achieving spatial distribution control and source location control of audible sound waves propagating through the air. After propagating a certain distance, the audio signal is demodulated, forming a highly directional audible sound signal, thus achieving the effect of directional audio signal propagation. However, existing directional sound generation structures suffer from low yield rates during production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a directional sound-emitting substrate, a display panel, a manufacturing method, and a display device, which can improve production yield.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a directional sound-emitting substrate, comprising:

[0006] Base;

[0007] A grid frame is disposed on one side of the substrate. The grid frame includes multiple cells, which are used to form cavity units.

[0008] The first electrode is disposed between the substrate and the mesh frame;

[0009] A diaphragm is disposed on the side of the mesh frame away from the substrate, and the side of the diaphragm close to the substrate serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit;

[0010] The second electrode is disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of adjacent cavity units on the substrate all fall within the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the substrate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second electrode includes a first electrode block and a first electrode lead, wherein the orthographic projection of the first electrode block on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of cavity units on the substrate, and the orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode blocks on the substrate do not overlap;

[0013] At least one row of the first electrode blocks arranged along a first direction is electrically connected via the first electrode leads; and / or,

[0014] At least one row of the first electrode blocks arranged along the second direction is electrically connected via the first electrode leads;

[0015] The first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0016] In some embodiments, in the second direction, the size of the first electrode block is larger than the size of the first electrode lead; and / or,

[0017] In the first direction, the size of the first electrode block is larger than the size of the first electrode lead.

[0018] In some embodiments, the second electrode includes a second electrode block and a second electrode lead, wherein the orthographic projection of the second electrode block on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the corresponding cavity unit on the substrate, and the orthographic projections of adjacent second electrode blocks on the substrate do not overlap.

[0019] At least one row of the second electrode blocks arranged along the first direction is electrically connected via the second electrode leads; and / or,

[0020] At least one row of the second electrode blocks arranged along the second direction is electrically connected via the second electrode leads;

[0021] The first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the second direction, the size of the second electrode block is larger than the size of the second electrode lead; and / or,

[0023] In the first direction, the size of the second electrode block is larger than the size of the second electrode lead.

[0024] In some embodiments, the center point of the second electrode block projected onto the substrate coincides with the center point of the cavity unit projected onto the substrate.

[0025] In some embodiments, the cavity units corresponding to the second electrode block have the same projected area on the substrate; and / or,

[0026] The second electrode block has the same orthographic projection area on the substrate.

[0027] In some embodiments, the directional sound-emitting substrate further includes:

[0028] An edge sealing frame is connected to the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate, and the edge sealing frame is disposed between adjacent first electrode blocks;

[0029] The first protective layer is disposed on the side of the sealing frame and the second electrode away from the substrate.

[0030] In some embodiments, the directional sound-emitting substrate further includes:

[0031] An insulating layer is disposed between the first electrode and the mesh frame, and the side of the insulating layer away from the substrate serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit;

[0032] The insulating layer and the diaphragm located at both ends of the cell form a closed cavity unit with the cell.

[0033] In some embodiments, the mesh frame has a dimension in the thickness direction of the substrate that is greater than the distance between the diaphragm and the insulating layer on the side of the substrate closer to the diaphragm.

[0034] In some embodiments, the diaphragm includes multiple cutouts, and the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is embedded in one of the cutouts;

[0035] The end face of the mesh frame away from the substrate is coplanar with the surface of the diaphragm away from the substrate; and / or,

[0036] The end of the mesh frame furthest from the substrate is connected to the second electrode.

[0037] In some embodiments, the cavity unit is used to contain an inert gas; and / or,

[0038] The mesh frame is an integral structure; and / or,

[0039] In the thickness direction of the substrate, the size of the cavity unit ranges from 2 to 5 micrometers.

[0040] A second aspect of this application provides a display panel, including:

[0041] Display substrate;

[0042] The directional sound-emitting substrate as described in the first aspect is disposed on one side of the display substrate.

[0043] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate, characterized in that it is used to prepare the directional sound-emitting substrate as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0044] A first electrode is disposed on one side of the substrate;

[0045] A mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode are respectively disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate. The mesh frame is located on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, the diaphragm is located on the side of the mesh frame away from the substrate, and the second electrode is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate. The mesh frame includes multiple cell cells, which are used to form a cavity unit. The side of the diaphragm close to the substrate is used as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit.

[0046] In some embodiments, before setting the mesh frame, diaphragm, and second electrode on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, the method further includes:

[0047] An insulating layer is provided on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate;

[0048] A sacrificial layer is provided on the side of the insulating layer away from the substrate;

[0049] The step of setting a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate includes:

[0050] The diaphragm is disposed on the side of the sacrificial layer away from the substrate;

[0051] A second electrode layer is disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate;

[0052] The second electrode layer is etched to obtain multiple second electrode blocks;

[0053] The diaphragm is etched to obtain multiple cutouts, wherein the orthographic projection of the cutouts on the substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode block on the substrate;

[0054] Using the diaphragm as a template, the sacrificial layer is removed through the cutout;

[0055] A mesh frame is provided through the cutout, wherein one end of the mesh frame near the substrate is connected to the insulating layer, and the other end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is embedded in the cutout;

[0056] An edge sealing frame is provided on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate, wherein the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is connected to the edge sealing frame;

[0057] or,

[0058] The step of setting a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate includes:

[0059] The diaphragm is disposed on the side of the sacrificial layer away from the substrate;

[0060] The diaphragm is etched to obtain multiple hollowed-out sections;

[0061] Using the diaphragm as a template, the sacrificial layer is removed through the cutout;

[0062] A mesh frame is provided through the cutout, wherein one end of the mesh frame near the substrate is connected to the insulating layer, and the other end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is embedded in the cutout;

[0063] A second electrode is disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate, wherein the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is connected to the second electrode.

[0064] A fourth aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a display panel, used to manufacture the display panel as described in the second aspect, the method comprising:

[0065] A substrate, a first electrode, a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode are respectively disposed on one side of the display substrate;

[0066] or,

[0067] Preparation of directional sound-emitting substrate;

[0068] The directional sound-emitting substrate is attached to one side of the display panel.

[0069] A fifth aspect of this application provides a display device, comprising:

[0070] As described in the first aspect, a directional sound-emitting substrate; or...

[0071] The display panel as described in the second aspect.

[0072] The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment supports the diaphragm by setting up cell units formed by a grid frame. The grid frame can replace the support pillar. Compared with the support pillar, the grid frame structure is more stable, has a more solid support effect, and is easier to control in terms of manufacturing precision, resulting in multiple cavity units of more uniform size. The cavity units provide vibration space for the diaphragm, and the size of the cavity units can affect parameters such as the frequency of diaphragm vibration. The cavity units formed by the grid frame have better uniformity of vibration unit space than those formed by support pillars, and the control of the ultrasonic frequency generated by vibration is more precise. Therefore, replacing the support pillar structure with the grid frame can avoid the reliability problems of support pillars, such as difficulty in controlling precision, easy slippage, collapse, or detachment. Furthermore, by setting up cell units with grid frames, cavity units 211 are obtained, which can improve the manufacturing process precision of the directional sound-emitting substrate, reduce the manufacturing difficulty, and improve production yield and reliability. The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment is more suitable for mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic partial structural diagram of a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a mesh frame provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 3 A schematic partial structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 4 A schematic partial structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 5 A partial top view of a directional sound-emitting substrate on the side where the second electrode is located, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 6 A schematic partial structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 7 A schematic partial top view of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application, on the side where the second electrode is located;

[0080] Figure 8 A schematic top view of a second electrode corresponding to a unit cavity provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the vibration state of a diaphragm provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of a display panel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 11 A schematic structural diagram of a display substrate provided for an embodiment of the application;

[0084] Figure 12 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 13 A schematic flowchart illustrating another method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 14 A schematic flowchart illustrating another method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment;

[0087] Figure 15 A schematic exploded view of a directional sound-emitting module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 16 A schematic structural diagram of a directional sound-emitting module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 17 A schematic structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0090] Figure 18 A schematic structural diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 19 A schematic structural diagram of another display device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0092] Figure 20 This is a schematic structural diagram of another display device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0093] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0094] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. The term "two or more" includes two or more cases.

[0095] Currently, with social development and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, various display devices have entered countless households. Displays are closely related to our lives, and mainstream consumer electronics products, represented by mobile phones, tablets, and laptops, are increasingly integrated into people's work, study, and daily life. While continuously facilitating people's lives and work, the widespread use of display devices has also brought new demands. At present, sound interference in public office areas is increasing, and people's demand for sound eavesdropping prevention is also rising.

[0096] In the field of sound eavesdropping prevention, directional sound generation devices are currently the primary method, enabling directional audio transmission. Based on the parametric array principle, using ultrasound as the carrier signal, and leveraging the unique nonlinear effects of ultrasound, highly directional audible sound is generated, achieving spatial distribution control and source location control of audible sound waves propagating through the air. After propagating a certain distance, the audio signal is demodulated, forming a highly directional audible sound signal, thus achieving the effect of directional audio signal propagation. However, existing directional sound generation structures suffer from low yield rates during production.

[0097] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a directional sound-emitting substrate, a display panel, a manufacturing method, and a display device, which can improve production yield.

[0098] A first aspect of this application provides a directional sound-emitting substrate. Figure 1 This is a schematic partial structural diagram of a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the directional sound-emitting substrate may include: a substrate 100, a mesh frame 200, a first electrode 300, a diaphragm 400, and a second electrode 500. Exemplarily, the substrate 100 may include an acrylic substrate, a glass substrate, a flexible polyimide substrate, or a substrate made of other materials. The substrate 100 may also be a transparent material, and the glass substrate may be a high-strength glass material. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the scope. The mesh frame 200 is disposed on one side of the substrate 100. Exemplarily, Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a mesh frame provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the grid frame 200 includes multiple cells 210; combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 Cell 210 can be used to form cavity unit 211. It should be noted that... Figure 2 The cell 210 shown is rectangular. In some examples, cell 210 may also be rhomboid, circular or other polygonal. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations.

[0099] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first electrode 300 is disposed between the substrate 100 and the mesh frame 200; the diaphragm 400 is disposed on the side of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100, and the side of the diaphragm 400 closer to the substrate 100 serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit 211; the second electrode 500 is disposed on the side of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100. When the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500 are energized, an electric field can be formed between them. The electrostatic force in the electric field causes the diaphragm 400 to vibrate in the thickness direction H of the substrate 100. The deformation and oscillation of the diaphragm 400 in the thickness direction H can generate sound waves, which can be ultrasonic waves. Through the unique nonlinear effect of ultrasonic waves, after propagating a certain distance, highly directional audible sounds are demodulated, thereby realizing a highly directional audible sound signal and achieving the effect of directional propagation of audio signals. The cavity unit 211 provides deformation space for the vibration of the diaphragm 400, and the mesh frame 200 provides support for the diaphragm. The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment has strong sound directionality, independent audio space, high privacy, and resistance to noise pollution. Integrating the directional sound-emitting substrate with the display substrate can achieve effects such as audio-visual integration, sound and picture synchronization, multiple sounds on one screen, or sound following the viewer's movements, providing a surround immersive listening experience and spatial stereo sound effects. Integrating the directional sound-emitting substrate onto the display device makes the display device thinner and has a higher screen-to-body ratio, bringing an ultimate visual experience. It can be widely used in scenarios where privacy and noise are critical, such as laptops, automotive displays, monitors, and commercial displays.

[0100] It should be noted that directional sound-emitting substrates can usually use support pillars to support the vibration of the diaphragm. However, the manufacturing process of support pillars is difficult, and the support pillars are prone to slipping, collapsing or falling off. As a result, the manufacturing yield of directional sound-emitting substrates is low, and the frame is large, which makes it difficult to meet market demand.

[0101] The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this embodiment supports the diaphragm 400 by setting up cell units 210 formed by a grid frame 200. The grid frame 200 can replace the support pillars. Compared with the support pillars, the grid frame 200 has a more stable structure, a more solid support effect, and easier control over manufacturing precision, resulting in multiple cavity units 211 of more uniform size. The cavity units 211 provide vibration space for the diaphragm 400, and the size of the cavity units 211 can affect parameters such as the frequency of sound generation from the diaphragm 400. The cavity units 211 formed by the grid frame 200 have better uniformity of vibration unit space than those formed by support pillars, allowing for more precise control of the ultrasonic frequency generated by vibration. Therefore, replacing the support column structure with a mesh frame 200 can avoid the reliability problems of support columns, such as difficulty in controlling accuracy, easy slippage, collapse or detachment. Furthermore, by setting the mesh frame 200 to form cell 210, a cavity unit 211 is obtained, which can improve the manufacturing process accuracy of the directional sound-emitting substrate, reduce the manufacturing difficulty, and improve the production yield and reliability. The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment is more suitable for mass production.

[0102] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of adjacent cavity units 211 on the substrate 100 all fall within the orthographic projection of the second electrode 500 on the substrate 100. The second electrode 500 may cover the area where the cavity units 211 are located.

[0103] In some embodiments, the directional sound-emitting substrate further includes an insulating layer disposed between the first electrode 300 and the mesh frame 200. The side of the insulating layer away from the substrate 100 serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit 211. The insulating layer can be used to provide an insulating medium between the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500. The insulating layer can be an inorganic insulating material, such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide. The insulating layer can also be an organic insulating material, which can provide thicker dielectric support. The insulating layer and the diaphragm 400 located at both ends of the cell 210 form a closed cavity unit 211 with the cell 210.

[0104] In some examples, Figure 3 This is a schematic partial structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 3As shown, the insulating layer 600 of the directional sound-emitting substrate is disposed between the first electrode 300 and the mesh frame 200. The side of the insulating layer 600 away from the substrate 100 serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit 211. The sidewall of the mesh frame 200 in the thickness direction H, the surface of the insulating layer near the diaphragm 400, and the surface of the diaphragm near the insulating layer can form the inner wall of the cavity unit 211. The mesh frame 200 can serve as the sidewall of the cavity unit 211, and the diaphragm 400 and the insulating layer 600 can serve as the upper and lower covers of the cavity unit 211. The cavity unit 211 can be a sealed space, and the cavity unit 211 can be a vacuum setting, which is more conducive to the vibration of the diaphragm 400. For example, the cavity unit 211 can be filled with an inert gas or air, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit it. The inert gas can better protect the inner wall of the cavity unit 211. It should be noted that the deformation and vibration of the diaphragm 400 can easily cause pressure changes in the cavity unit 211. The effect of the diaphragm 400 vibration on the cavity air pressure can be adjusted by controlling the gas concentration or vacuum level in the cavity unit 211.

[0105] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the second electrode 500 is a whole-layer electrode, which covers all cavity units 211. The fabrication process of the whole-layer second electrode 500 is simple, the fabrication cost is low, and the signal transmission is stable.

[0106] In some examples, the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500 may be made of light-transmitting conductive materials, such as ITO (indium tin oxide), or may be made of copper, silver, aluminum or a stacked structure of several conductive materials with good conductivity, such as ITO / Ag / ITO. These are just examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0107] In some examples, the mesh frame 200 may be made of silicon nitride or other sealant materials. The diaphragm 400 may include PET (polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester resin), POL (polarizer), CPI (transparent polyimide), silicon nitride, or other thin film materials.

[0108] In some embodiments, the second electrode 500 may include a first electrode block and a first electrode lead, wherein the orthographic projection of the first electrode block on the substrate 100 covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of cavity units 211 on the substrate 100, and the orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode blocks on the substrate 100 do not overlap.

[0109] In some examples, at least one row of first electrode blocks arranged along a first direction is electrically connected by first electrode leads; at least one row of first electrode blocks arranged along a second direction is electrically connected by first electrode leads; the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0110] In some examples, only at least one row of first electrode blocks arranged along the second direction is electrically connected via first electrode leads. Alternatively, only at least one row of first electrode blocks arranged along the first direction is electrically connected via first electrode leads.

[0111] For example, Figure 4 A schematic partial structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a partial top view of a directional sound-emitting substrate on the side where the second electrode is located, provided as an embodiment of this application. (In conjunction with...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 The second electrode 500 includes a first electrode block 510 and a first electrode lead 520. The first electrode block 510 can cover four cells 210. The first electrode blocks 510 arranged along the first direction X are electrically connected through the first electrode lead 520. The first electrode blocks 510 arranged along the second direction Y are not connected to each other. The first electrode blocks 510 arranged along the second direction Y can also be staggered. Figure 5 This is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the specific implementation of this application.

[0112] For example, the first electrode block 510 and the first electrode lead 520 can be disposed in the same layer. The same layer can be a patterned first electrode block 510 and first electrode lead obtained by etching the same conductive layer.

[0113] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, each row of first electrode blocks 510 is electrically connected via a first electrode lead 520. In some examples, multiple rows of first electrode blocks 510 and multiple columns of first electrode blocks 510 may also be electrically connected via a first electrode lead 520. Figure 5 This is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the specific implementation of this application.

[0114] It should be noted that the number of cells 210 covered by the first electrode block 510 can be designed according to the specific sound frequency band, and this application embodiment does not impose a specific limitation. Typically, the second electrode 500 is disposed on the side of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100. The second electrode 500 can vibrate together with the diaphragm 400. The smaller area of ​​the first electrode block 510 allows for a larger amplitude range, resulting in a wider range of ultrasonic frequencies and a larger ultrasonic volume. Furthermore, the smaller area of ​​the first electrode block 510 compared to the entire layer of the second electrode 500 makes the vibration of the diaphragm 400 under the energization of the first electrode block 510 easier to control, thus requiring less driving power.

[0115] In some implementations, reference Figure 5In the second direction Y, the size of the first electrode block 510 is larger than the size of the first electrode lead 520. That is, in the second direction Y, the width of the first electrode block 510 is larger than the width of the first electrode lead 520. The first electrode lead 520 only serves the function of signal transmission and does not need to be too wide to avoid electrical signal interference.

[0116] In some examples, if there are first electrode leads 520 arranged along a first direction X and extending along a second direction Y, then in the first direction X, the size of the first electrode block 510 is larger than the size of the first electrode leads 520.

[0117] In some embodiments, the second electrode 500 includes a second electrode block and a second electrode lead. The orthographic projection of the second electrode block on the substrate 100 falls within the orthographic projection of the corresponding cavity unit 211 on the substrate 100, and the orthographic projections of adjacent second electrode blocks on the substrate 100 do not overlap. The second electrode 500 may include a plurality of second electrode blocks, and each second electrode block may correspond to one cavity unit 211.

[0118] In some examples, the second electrode 500 may only include the first electrode block 510; the second electrode 500 may only include the second electrode block; or the second electrode 500 may include both the first electrode block and the second electrode block. If the number of cavity units 211 corresponding to the second electrode block and the first electrode block is different, then the areas of the first electrode block and the second electrode block are different. Electrode blocks of the second electrode 500 with different areas can correspond to different sound frequency ranges and sound energy.

[0119] In some examples, at least one row of second electrode blocks arranged along the first direction X is electrically connected via second electrode leads.

[0120] In some examples, at least one row of second electrode blocks arranged along the second direction Y is electrically connected via second electrode leads.

[0121] For example, Figure 6 A schematic partial structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A schematic partial top view of another directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application, on the side where the second electrode is located. (In conjunction with...) Figure 6 and Figure 7 The second electrode 500 includes multiple second electrode blocks 530 and second electrode leads 540. The second electrode blocks 530 correspond one-to-one with the cavity unit 211, and the top view area of ​​the second electrode blocks 530 is smaller than the top view area of ​​the cavity unit 211.

[0122] The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment, by providing a second electrode block 530 corresponding to each cavity unit 211, enables independent control of the cavity unit 211. The same electrical signal can be applied to the second electrode block connected by the second electrode leads, driving the diaphragm 400 of the corresponding cavity unit 211 to vibrate, resulting in higher control precision for the diaphragm 400 vibration. Furthermore, the size of the second electrode block 530 affects the amplitude of the diaphragm vibration and the magnitude of the electrostatic force generated under the action of the electrical signal. Therefore, the size of the electrode block on the second electrode 500 can be designed according to the required balance point between the diaphragm vibration amplitude and the magnitude of the electrostatic force.

[0123] By patterning the electrode blocks of the second electrode 500 (which can be a first electrode block 510 and a second electrode block 530), and placing the second electrode 500 on top of the diaphragm 400, the diaphragm 400 and the second electrode 500 vibrate together during sound generation. The patterned second electrode 500 is smaller in size and mass, making it easier to control the amplitude of the diaphragm 400 and resulting in lower power consumption. Since amplitude essentially determines the volume of the sound, the patterning of the second electrode 500 is beneficial for directional sound generation.

[0124] In some implementations, reference Figure 6 The directional sound-emitting substrate may include an edge-sealing frame 700 and a first protective layer 800. The edge-sealing frame 700 is connected to the end of the grid frame 200 away from the substrate 100, and the edge-sealing frame 700 is disposed between adjacent second electrode blocks 530. In some examples, the edge-sealing frame 700 may be disposed between adjacent first electrode blocks 510. The first protective layer 800 is disposed on the side of the edge-sealing frame 700 and the second electrode 500 away from the substrate 100. The first protective layer 800 can protect the second electrode 400, and the edge-sealing frame 700 can seal the top of the grid frame 200 and protect the end face of the grid frame 200. Exemplarily, the orthographic projection of the second electrode block 530 on the substrate 100 and the orthographic projection of the edge-sealing frame 700 on the substrate 100 may not overlap.

[0125] In some examples, the dimension of the mesh frame 200 in the thickness direction H of the substrate 100 is greater than the distance between the diaphragm 400 and the insulating layer 600 on the side of the diaphragm 400 closest to the substrate 100. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the dimension of the mesh frame 200 in the thickness direction H of the substrate 100 is the first dimension h1, and the distance between the side of the diaphragm 400 closest to the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 600 is the second dimension h2. The first dimension h1 is greater than the second dimension h2. That is, it can be understood that the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is embedded in the diaphragm 400.

[0126] In some implementations, reference Figure 6The diaphragm 400 includes multiple cutouts 401, and the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is embedded in the cutouts 401; this can enhance the tightness of the connection between the diaphragm 400 and the mesh frame 200.

[0127] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the end face of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is coplanar with the surface of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100, which can enhance flatness.

[0128] In some examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is connected to the second electrode 500, that is, the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is connected to the first electrode block 510.

[0129] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the end of the grid frame 200 away from the base 100 is connected to the edge sealing frame 700.

[0130] In some examples, the mesh frame 200 can be a one-piece structure, which can enhance the sealing of the cavity unit 211. The one-piece structure can simplify the manufacturing process.

[0131] In some examples, the size of the cavity unit 211 in the thickness direction H of the substrate 100 ranges from 2 to 14 micrometers, for example, 2 to 5 micrometers. That is, the height of the cavity unit 211 in the thickness direction H can be 2 to 5 micrometers, and the value of the second dimension h2 can also range from 2 to 5 micrometers. The size of the cavity unit 211 perpendicular to the thickness direction H can be 1 to 2 micrometers, that is, the width of the cavity unit can be 1 to 2 micrometers, for example, 1.5 micrometers. The thickness of the diaphragm 400 can range from 20 to 200 micrometers, for example, 50 micrometers, 80 micrometers, or 100 micrometers. The thickness of both the first and second electrodes can be smaller than the thickness of the cavity unit, for example, 140 nm.

[0132] In some embodiments, the center point of the orthographic projection of the second electrode block 530 onto the substrate 100 coincides with the center point of the orthographic projection of the cavity unit 211 onto the substrate 100. That is, the orthographic projection of the center point of the second electrode block 530 and the center point of the corresponding cavity unit 211 coincides, so that the center position of the second electrode block 530 corresponding to the cavity unit 211 can control the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 400 to reach the maximum range, and the vibration of the diaphragm corresponding to each cavity unit 211 is more uniform, resulting in less noise in the ultrasonic waves.

[0133] It should be noted that, as Figure 7As shown, one end of all the second electrode leads 540 are connected together, which can be used to transmit the same electrical signal. In some embodiments, the second electrode leads 540 can transmit different electrical signals respectively, and the different second electrode leads 540 can transmit signals independently of each other. This allows different electrical signals to be applied to the second electrode blocks 530 in different areas, enabling the control of multiple sound generation parameters.

[0134] In some examples, Figure 8 This is a schematic top view of a second electrode corresponding to a unit cavity, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, in the second direction Y, the size of the second electrode block 530 is larger than the size of the second electrode lead 540. That is, the first width L1 is larger than the second width L2.

[0135] In some examples, where a second electrode lead extends along a second direction Y, the size of the second electrode block is larger than the size of the second electrode lead in the first direction X.

[0136] For example, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the vibration state of a diaphragm, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 As shown, when electrical signals are applied to the second electrode lead 540, the second electrode block 530, and the first electrode 300, the electrostatic force generated under the action of the upper and lower electrical signals will cause the diaphragm 400 to vibrate in the thickness direction H. The diaphragm 400 can vibrate to the first position 410 and the second position 420. The size of the cavity unit 211 in the thickness direction H can be larger than the maximum amplitude of one side of the diaphragm 400 to provide sufficient space for the vibration of the diaphragm 400. The smaller the second electrode block 530 is, the smaller its influence on the amplitude of the diaphragm 400. The smaller the second electrode block 530 is, the more limited the generated electrostatic force will be. The electrostatic force will also affect the amplitude of the diaphragm 400. Therefore, the size of the second electrode block 530 can be set according to the amplitude requirements of the diaphragm.

[0137] In some embodiments, the cavity units 211 corresponding to the second electrode block 530 have the same projected area on the substrate 100. It should be noted that the same area is within the range of manufacturing process error. Each cavity unit 211 has the same size, which can be the same in length, width and height, then all cavity units 211 on the directional sound-emitting substrate are repeating unit structures.

[0138] In some examples, each second electrode block 530 has the same projected area on the substrate 100, and the second electrode blocks 530 can also be of the same size, which can achieve uniformity in the generation of ultrasonic signals and reduce noise interference caused by inconsistent sizes. Each first electrode block 510 can also be of the same size.

[0139] It should be noted that the directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment, by setting a grid frame 200 instead of a support column structure, makes it easier to achieve uniformity of the cell 210 formed by the grid frame 200. The process difficulty of obtaining a cavity unit 211 of uniform size is less than that of preparing a vibration unit of uniform size surrounded by support columns.

[0140] The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this embodiment offers advantages such as adjustable sound cavity and adjustable ultrasonic frequency through the graphical arrangement of the grid frame 200 and the electrode blocks of the second electrode 500. It eliminates the need for support pillars, thus addressing issues like support pillar collapse and vacuum sealing. Furthermore, it retains the traditional speaker unit, employing software control or physical buttons for directional sound emission, eavesdropping prevention, and sound sharing, thus meeting the needs of customers in various application scenarios.

[0141] A second aspect of this application provides a display panel. Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, the display panel includes a display substrate 1000 and a directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 as provided in the first aspect, the directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 being disposed on one side of the display substrate 1000.

[0142] It should be noted that the display substrate 1000 can be a liquid crystal display substrate, an organic light-emitting display substrate, or other types of display substrates, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit it.

[0143] It should be noted that the directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 can be bonded to the display substrate 1000, and the directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 can be directly fabricated on one side of the display substrate 1000.

[0144] For example, Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of a display substrate provided for an embodiment of the application. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the display substrate may include a first polarizer 1100, a first substrate 1200, an array layer 1300, a bezel 1400, a color filter layer 1500, a second substrate 1600, and a liquid crystal layer 1700. Both the first substrate 1200 and the second substrate 1600 may be glass substrates. A driving device may be disposed on the array layer 1300, and a color filter film may be disposed on the color filter layer 1500. As shown, 11 is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the specific implementation of this application.

[0145] It should be noted that after the directional sound-emitting substrate and the display substrate are integrated together, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the directional sound-emitting substrate can be demodulated to obtain a sound wave band that can be heard by the human ear after propagating a certain distance. This audible sound wave will propagate in the direction shown on the display panel. The sound wave cannot be heard from the side view angle, thus achieving the effect of directional sound propagation and playing a role in preventing eavesdropping.

[0146] The display panel provided in this application supports the diaphragm 400 by setting a grid frame 200 to form cell 210 on the directional sound-emitting substrate. The grid frame 200 can replace the support pillar. Compared with the support pillar, the grid frame 200 has a more stable structure, a more solid support effect, and easier control of manufacturing precision, and can obtain multiple cavity units 211 of more uniform size. The cavity unit 211 can provide vibration space for the diaphragm 400, and the size of the cavity unit 211 can affect parameters such as the frequency of the vibration sound generated by the diaphragm 400. The cavity unit 211 formed by the grid frame 200 has better uniformity of vibration unit space than the support pillar, and the control of the ultrasonic frequency generated by the vibration is more precise. Therefore, replacing the support column structure with a mesh frame 200 can avoid the reliability problems of support columns, such as difficulty in controlling accuracy, easy slippage, collapse or detachment. Furthermore, by setting the mesh frame 200 to form cell 210, a cavity unit 211 is obtained, which can improve the manufacturing process accuracy of the directional sound-emitting substrate, reduce the manufacturing difficulty, and improve the production yield and reliability. The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment is more suitable for mass production.

[0147] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate, used to prepare the directional sound-emitting substrate as described in the first aspect. Figure 12 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a directional sound-emitting substrate, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 As shown, the method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate includes:

[0148] S1: A first electrode is disposed on one side of the substrate. Depending on the material of the first electrode, different fabrication processes can be selected; for example, the first electrode can be fabricated into a film using magnetron sputtering.

[0149] S2: A mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode are respectively disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate. The mesh frame is located on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, the diaphragm is located on the side of the mesh frame away from the substrate, and the second electrode is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate. The mesh frame includes multiple cell cells, which are used to form a cavity unit. The side of the diaphragm close to the substrate is used as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit.

[0150] For example, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 2The first electrode 300 is disposed between the substrate 100 and the mesh frame 200; the diaphragm 400 is disposed on the side of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100, and the side of the diaphragm 400 closer to the substrate 100 serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit 211; the second electrode 500 is disposed on the side of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100. When the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500 are energized, an electric field can be formed between them. The electrostatic force in the electric field causes the diaphragm 400 to vibrate in the thickness direction H of the substrate 100. The deformation and oscillation of the diaphragm 400 in the thickness direction H can generate sound waves, which can be ultrasonic waves. Through the unique nonlinear effect of ultrasonic waves, after propagating a certain distance, highly directional audible sounds are demodulated, thereby realizing a highly directional audible sound signal and achieving the effect of directional propagation of audio signals. The cavity unit 211 provides deformation space for the vibration of the diaphragm 400, and the mesh frame 200 provides support for the diaphragm. The directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application embodiment has strong sound directionality, independent audio space, high privacy and resistance to noise pollution. After integrating the directional sound-emitting substrate with the display substrate, it can achieve effects such as audio-visual integration, audio-visual integration, multiple sounds on one screen or sound following the movement of people, and can provide a surround immersive listening experience and spatial stereo sound effects.

[0151] In some implementations, prior to step S2, the following may also be included:

[0152] An insulating layer 600 is provided on the side of the first electrode 300 away from the substrate 100;

[0153] A sacrificial layer is provided on the side of the insulating layer 600 away from the substrate 100.

[0154] For example, the sacrificial layer can be a metallic material, such as copper. Copper has the advantage of being able to form a thicker film and is easily corroded, which facilitates the function of the sacrificial layer.

[0155] In some implementations... Figure 13 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for fabricating a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 13 As shown, step S2 may include:

[0156] S01: A diaphragm 400 is disposed on the side of the sacrificial layer 900 away from the substrate 100.

[0157] S02: A second electrode layer is disposed on the side of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100. The second electrode layer can be formed as a single layer.

[0158] The second electrode layer is etched to obtain multiple second electrode blocks 530. Each second electrode block 530 corresponds to one cavity unit.

[0159] S03: Etch the diaphragm 400 to obtain multiple cutouts 401, wherein the orthographic projection of the cutouts 401 on the substrate 100 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode block 530 on the substrate 100.

[0160] S04: Using the diaphragm 400 as a mask, the sacrificial layer is removed by cutting out the perforation 401.

[0161] For example, the etchant can be used to pass through the cutout 401 to dissolve and drain the sacrificial layer 900, thereby achieving the effect of removing the sacrificial layer.

[0162] S05: A mesh frame 200 is set through the cutout 401, wherein the end of the mesh frame 200 near the substrate 100 is connected to the insulating layer 600, and the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is embedded in the cutout 401.

[0163] The mesh frame 200 can be used as a spacer for the cavity unit 211.

[0164] A sealing frame 700 is provided on the side of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100, wherein the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is connected to the sealing frame 700. The orthographic projection of the sealing frame 700 on the substrate 100 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode block 530 on the substrate 100.

[0165] In some implementations... Figure 14 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for fabricating a directional sound-emitting substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 Step S2 shown may include:

[0166] S06: A diaphragm 400 is disposed on the side of the sacrificial layer 900 away from the substrate 100.

[0167] S07: Etch the diaphragm 400 to obtain multiple cutouts 401.

[0168] S08: Using the diaphragm 400 as a mask, the sacrificial layer 900 is removed by cutting out the perforation 401.

[0169] S09: A mesh frame 200 is set through the cutout 401, wherein the end of the mesh frame 200 near the substrate 100 is connected to the insulating layer 600, and the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is embedded in the cutout 401.

[0170] S10: A second electrode 500 is disposed on the side of the diaphragm 400 away from the substrate 100, wherein the end of the mesh frame 200 away from the substrate 100 is connected to the second electrode 500. The second electrode 500 may be a single-layer electrode layer.

[0171] A fourth aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a display panel, used to manufacture the display panel as described in the second aspect. The method for manufacturing the display panel may include:

[0172] A substrate, a first electrode, a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode are respectively disposed on one side of the display substrate.

[0173] By directly setting the various film layers of the directional sound-emitting substrate on one side of the display substrate, problems such as glue overflow caused by adhesive bonding between the display substrate and the directional sound-emitting substrate can be avoided.

[0174] It should be noted that the directional sound-emitting substrate can be disposed on the display side of the display substrate or on the back side of the display side; the embodiments of this application do not impose specific limitations.

[0175] In some examples, the method for manufacturing the display panel may include:

[0176] Fabrication of directional sound-emitting substrate.

[0177] The directional sound-emitting substrate is attached to one side of the display panel.

[0178] It should be noted that the attachment method can be adhesive or detachable. For example, the display substrate and the directional sound-emitting substrate can be connected by magnetic adsorption, easy-tear adhesive, or physical clips. The power supply method can be wired or magnetically attached. The sound switching can be achieved by wired connection or wireless connection using a built-in micro Bluetooth module. These are all illustrative and the embodiments of this application do not impose specific limitations.

[0179] In some examples, Figure 15 A schematic exploded view of a directional sound-emitting module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic structural diagram of a directional sound-emitting module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the directional sound-emitting module 2300 includes the directional sound-emitting substrate 2000, the upper protective film 2100, and the lower protective film 2200 described in the first aspect.

[0180] For example, the upper protective film 2100 and the lower protective film 2200 may include magnetic adsorption elements, and the directional sound-emitting module can be magnetically connected to other components through these elements. Thus, the directional sound-emitting module can be combined with other components as an external, detachable component.

[0181] The externally attached detachable directional sound module is more portable, has no restrictions on application scenarios, and is easy for users to use according to their needs. It can freely switch between anti-eavesdropping and sharing.

[0182] For example, when a directional sound module is combined with a display substrate to form a directional sound display module, the sound quality is still inferior to that of traditional sound units due to limitations in diaphragm materials and tiny sound-emitting units. While directional sound display modules can meet normal entertainment and office needs, they cannot satisfy groups with higher sound quality requirements. Furthermore, because directional sound display modules serve an anti-eavesdropping function, integrated display modules cannot meet the needs of users who require sharing and privacy. Therefore, detachable external display modules are highly attractive to these customer groups.

[0183] It should be noted that, Figure 15 The upper protective film shown can be used with Figure 6 The first protective layer 800 shown is the same film layer.

[0184] For example, Figure 17 This is a schematic structural diagram of another directional sound-emitting module provided in an embodiment of this application. The directional sound-emitting module includes the directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 provided in the first aspect. Figure 16 The directional sound module shown has a cutout design to avoid obstructing devices such as front-facing cameras. Figure 17 The directional sound-emitting module shown does not have any holes cut out.

[0185] A fifth aspect of the embodiments of this application provides a display device. Figure 18 This is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 18 As shown, the display device includes: a directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 as provided in the first aspect. For example, as... Figure 18 The display device shown can be a laptop computer.

[0186] In some examples, Figure 19 A schematic structural diagram of another display device provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 19 As shown, the display device includes a directional sound-emitting substrate 2000 as provided in the first aspect. Figure 19 The display device shown can be a desktop monitor, a television, or a computer monitor; the embodiments in this application do not specifically limit it.

[0187] In some examples, Figure 20 This is a schematic structural diagram of another display device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 20 As shown, the display device may include the display panel 3000 as described in the second aspect.

[0188] It should be noted that the display devices provided in the embodiments of this application may include smartphones, tablets, laptops, televisions, and smart wearable display devices, etc. Smart wearable display devices may include smartwatches, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not make specific limitations.

[0189] The display device provided in this application integrates a directional sound-emitting substrate and a display substrate, resulting in a thinner display substrate, a higher screen-to-body ratio, and an ultimate visual experience. It can be widely used in scenarios where privacy and noise are critical, such as laptops, automotive displays, monitors, and commercial displays. The structure of the directional sound-emitting substrate provided in this application solves problems such as difficult adhesion, excess adhesive, and PS (polypropylene) detachment and collapse during the integration process, making it more suitable for mass production. The display device can achieve the requirements of narrow bezels and ultra-private office displays, better meeting the actual needs of consumers. It also allows for free switching between sound privacy and sharing. This makes it more competitive in the face of future market challenges.

[0190] The display device provided in this application embodiment can solve the problems of sound interference and eavesdropping in public places, achieving ultimate privacy protection. The electrode block setting of the second electrode is beneficial for reducing power consumption and sound control, and can achieve the advantage of adjustable sound frequency. Since the sound unit is integrated on the display device, the bezel of the display device can be narrower, resulting in an ultimate full-screen display and a superior visual experience. It also provides an immersive audiovisual experience with front-facing sound, and avoids the discomfort caused by wearing headphones for extended periods.

[0191] It should be noted that the descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0192] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0193] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this specification, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this specification.

[0194] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this specification without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, this specification is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A directional sound emitting substrate, characterized in that, include: Base; A grid frame is disposed on one side of the substrate. The grid frame includes multiple cells, which are used to form cavity units. The first electrode is disposed between the substrate and the mesh frame; A diaphragm is disposed on the side of the mesh frame away from the substrate, and the side of the diaphragm close to the substrate serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit; The second electrode is disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate.

2. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projections of the adjacent cavity units on the substrate all fall within the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the substrate.

3. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second electrode includes a first electrode block and a first electrode lead. The orthographic projection of the first electrode block on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of cavity units on the substrate, and the orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode blocks on the substrate do not overlap. At least one row of the first electrode blocks arranged along a first direction are electrically connected via the first electrode leads; And / or, At least one row of the first electrode blocks arranged along the second direction is electrically connected via the first electrode leads; The first direction intersects with the second direction.

4. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the second direction, the size of the first electrode block is larger than the size of the first electrode lead; and / or, In the first direction, the size of the first electrode block is larger than the size of the first electrode lead.

5. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The second electrode includes a second electrode block and a second electrode lead. The orthographic projection of the second electrode block on the substrate falls within the orthographic projection of the corresponding cavity unit on the substrate, and the orthographic projections of adjacent second electrode blocks on the substrate do not overlap. At least one row of the second electrode blocks arranged along the first direction is electrically connected via the second electrode leads; and / or, At least one row of the second electrode blocks arranged along the second direction is electrically connected via the second electrode leads; The first direction intersects with the second direction.

6. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the second direction, the size of the second electrode block is larger than the size of the second electrode lead; and / or, In the first direction, the size of the second electrode block is larger than the size of the second electrode lead.

7. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center point of the second electrode block projected onto the substrate coincides with the center point of the cavity unit projected onto the substrate.

8. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cavity unit corresponding to the second electrode block has the same projected area on the substrate; and / or, The second electrode block has the same orthographic projection area on the substrate.

9. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: An edge sealing frame is connected to the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate. The edge sealing frame is disposed between adjacent first electrode blocks. The second electrode includes the first electrode block. The orthographic projection of the first electrode block on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of cavity units on the substrate. The orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode blocks on the substrate do not overlap. The first protective layer is disposed on the side of the sealing frame and the second electrode away from the substrate.

10. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An insulating layer is disposed between the first electrode and the mesh frame, and the side of the insulating layer away from the substrate serves as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit; The insulating layer and the diaphragm located at both ends of the cell form a closed cavity unit with the cell.

11. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that, The dimension of the mesh frame in the thickness direction of the substrate is greater than the distance between the diaphragm and the insulating layer on the side closest to the substrate.

12. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that, The diaphragm includes multiple cutouts, and the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is embedded in the cutouts; The end face of the mesh frame away from the substrate is coplanar with the surface of the diaphragm away from the substrate. And / or, The end of the mesh frame furthest from the substrate is connected to the second electrode.

13. The directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity unit is used to contain inert gas; and / or, The mesh frame is an integral structure; and / or, In the thickness direction of the substrate, the size of the cavity unit ranges from 2 to 5 micrometers.

14. A display panel, characterized in that, include: Display substrate; The directional sound-emitting substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 13 is disposed on one side of the display substrate.

15. A method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate, characterized in that, A method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, the method comprising: A first electrode is disposed on one side of the substrate; A mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode are respectively disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate. The mesh frame is located on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, the diaphragm is located on the side of the mesh frame away from the substrate, and the second electrode is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate. The mesh frame includes multiple cell cells, which are used to form a cavity unit. The side of the diaphragm close to the substrate is used as part of the inner wall of the cavity unit.

16. The method for preparing a directional sound-emitting substrate according to claim 15, characterized in that, Before setting the mesh frame, diaphragm, and second electrode on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, the method further includes: An insulating layer is provided on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate; A sacrificial layer is provided on the side of the insulating layer away from the substrate; The step of setting a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate includes: The diaphragm is disposed on the side of the sacrificial layer away from the substrate; A second electrode layer is disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate; The second electrode layer is etched to obtain multiple second electrode blocks; The diaphragm is etched to obtain multiple cutouts, wherein the orthographic projection of the cutouts on the substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode block on the substrate; Using the diaphragm as a template, the sacrificial layer is removed through the cutout; A mesh frame is provided through the cutout, wherein one end of the mesh frame near the substrate is connected to the insulating layer, and the other end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is embedded in the cutout; An edge sealing frame is provided on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate, wherein the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is connected to the edge sealing frame; or, The step of setting a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate includes: The diaphragm is disposed on the side of the sacrificial layer away from the substrate; The diaphragm is etched to obtain multiple hollowed-out sections; Using the diaphragm as a template, the sacrificial layer is removed through the cutout; A mesh frame is provided through the cutout, wherein one end of the mesh frame near the substrate is connected to the insulating layer, and the other end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is embedded in the cutout; A second electrode is disposed on the side of the diaphragm away from the substrate, wherein the end of the mesh frame away from the substrate is connected to the second electrode.

17. A method for manufacturing a display panel, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing the display panel as described in claim 14 includes: A substrate, a first electrode, a mesh frame, a diaphragm, and a second electrode are respectively disposed on one side of the display substrate; or, Preparation of directional sound-emitting substrate; The directional sound-emitting substrate is attached to one side of the display panel.

18. A display device, characterized in that, include: The directional sound-emitting substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 13; or, The display panel as described in claim 14.

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