A guiding mechanism for neurosurgery

Abstract

The present invention discloses a guide mechanism for neurosurgery, which relates to the technical field of neurosurgery, and comprises a main body, on which an adapter, a clamping mechanism and a driving mechanism are arranged, wherein the adapter is used to guide surgical instruments; the clamping mechanism is connected to the main body along the axial direction of the adapter and is used to clamp the adapter; the driving mechanism has a first stroke and a second stroke, in which the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to clamp the adapter, and in which the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to slide along the main body. The present invention provides a guide mechanism for neurosurgery, which can drive the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the adapter and approach the skull along the axial direction of the adapter through the first stroke and the second stroke of the driving mechanism, and after the guide screw is fixed, the driving mechanism is reversely operated so that the end of the guide screw can be removed from the adapter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of neurosurgery, and in particular to a guiding mechanism for neurosurgery. Background Art

[0002] Neurosurgery guidance refers to the guidance and standardization of surgical operations by doctors based on the patient's condition and imaging examination results during neurosurgery. The guidance mechanism can guide the probe or other instruments to minimize the occurrence of surgical complications.

[0003] For example, the authorized patent with the authorization announcement number CN217793323U and the authorization announcement date of November 15, 2022, and the name of "A Neurosurgical Assistance System", includes a host unit, and the host unit includes a robotic arm and a guide, and the guide is connected to the second end of the robotic arm, and the guide is provided with a probe and a fiber optic probe. The neurosurgical assistance system provided by this patent designs the neurosurgical navigation system and the Raman optical molecular diagnosis system as a host. The probe in the neurosurgical navigation system and the fiber optic probe in the Raman optical molecular diagnosis system are designed as a whole. After the probe is positioned, the fiber optic probe is used for irradiation at the same time to obtain the Raman spectrum of the brain tumor at that location, and give a diagnosis result. The doctor performs brain glioma surgery based on the diagnosis result and the picture showing the location of the tumor.

[0004] In the prior art, when installing an electrode in the skull, a drill bit uses a guide mechanism to accurately drill a hole in the skull, then fixes a guide screw at the drilling position, and finally installs the electrode in the guide screw. After the guide screw is fixed, its tail end may be in the guide mechanism. When the robotic arm is reset to the origin position, there may be positional interference between the guide screw and the guide mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a guiding mechanism for neurosurgery to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A guide mechanism for neurosurgery, comprising a main body, on which is provided:

[0008] an adapter for guiding surgical instruments;

[0009] A clamping mechanism, which is slidably connected to the main body along the axial direction of the adapter and is used to clamp the adapter;

[0010] The driving mechanism has a first stroke and a second stroke. In the first stroke, the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to clamp the adapter. In the second stroke, the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to slide along the main body.

[0011] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery, the clamping mechanism includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, and the first clamping plate is slidably connected to the main body along the axial direction of the adapter.

[0012] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery, the driving mechanism includes a driving shaft fixed on the second clamping plate, the driving shaft passes through the first clamping plate, and a first spring is sleeved on the driving shaft.

[0013] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery, the driving mechanism also includes a first rack fixed on the first clamping plate, a second rack fixed on the main body, a slider slidably connected to the main body, a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the slider, a first gear fixed on the rotating shaft, and the first rack and the second rack are both meshed with the first gear.

[0014] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery has a movable column passing through the rotating shaft along its axial direction, a U-shaped plate is fixed on the movable column, the U-shaped plate is slidably connected to the main body, and the inner wall of the U-shaped plate and the outer wall of the driving shaft are constructed with teeth that are engaged with each other.

[0015] In the above-mentioned guide mechanism for neurosurgery, when the clamping mechanism is at the top end of its sliding stroke, the U-shaped plate and the drive shaft are disengaged.

[0016] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery has a swivel connected to the main body in rotation, a third rack connected in sliding relation inside the main body, a second gear meshing with the third rack fixed on the rotating shaft, a connecting rod fixed to the inner wall of the swivel, a through groove formed on the third rack, a connecting column formed at the end of the connecting rod, and the connecting column is located in the through groove.

[0017] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery also includes a clamping assembly, which is used to force the second clamping plate to move closer to the first clamping plate when the clamping mechanism is at the bottom of its sliding stroke.

[0018] In the above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery, the clamping assembly includes an arc-shaped plate fixed to the inner wall of the rotating ring and a connecting block fixed to the movable column, and a wedge-shaped portion is constructed on the arc-shaped plate.

[0019] The above-mentioned guiding mechanism for neurosurgery also includes a locking mechanism, which locks the rotating ring when the locking mechanism is in operation.

[0020] In the above technical scheme, the present invention provides a guide mechanism for neurosurgery, which can drive the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the adapter and move it close to the skull along the axial direction of the adapter through the driving mechanism through the first stroke and the second stroke, so that the adapter can guide instruments such as drill bits close to the skull, which is convenient for fixing the guide screw on the skull. After the guide screw is fixed, the driving mechanism is reversed, so that the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to move away from the skull along the axial direction of the adapter and release the fixation of the adapter, so that the end of the guide screw can be moved out of the adapter, thereby avoiding the position interference between the guide mechanism and the fastening screw when the robot arm is reset to the origin position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a clamping mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a driving mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 5 A top view of the movable column and the flat surface structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the active cavity provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 6 The enlarged structural diagram at B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a rotating ring forcing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 8 The enlarged structural diagram at C in the middle;

[0031] Fig.10Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the drive shaft and U-shaped plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Description of reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Main body; 2. Adapter; 3. First clamping plate; 4. Second clamping plate; 5. Drive shaft; 6. First spring; 7. First rack; 8. Second rack; 9. Slider; 10. Rotating shaft; 11. First gear; 12. Movable column; 13. U-shaped plate; 14. Tooth pattern; 15. Plane part; 16. Swivel; 17. Third rack; 18. Second gear; 19. Connecting rod; 20. Connecting column; 21. Arc plate; 22. Wedge-shaped part; 23. Connecting block; 24. Second spring; 25. Connecting line; 26. Button; 27. Movable block; 28. Locking block; 29. ​​Fixed plate; 30. Third spring; 31. Fourth spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Reference Figure 1-10 An embodiment of the present invention provides a guiding mechanism for neurosurgery, including a main body 1, on which an adapter 2, a clamping mechanism and a driving mechanism are arranged, the adapter 2 is used to guide surgical instruments; the clamping mechanism is connected to the main body 1 along the axial direction of the adapter 2 and is used to clamp the adapter 2; the driving mechanism has a first stroke and a second stroke, in the first stroke, the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to clamp the adapter 2, and in the second stroke, the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to slide along the main body 1.

[0036] Specifically, the overall structure of the adapter 2 is cylindrical, and a hole is constructed inside the adapter 2 for guiding surgical instruments (the direction in which the adapter 2 guides the surgical instrument is the axial direction of the adapter 2), such as probes and drill bits. The diameters of the holes in different adapters 2 are different, so that they can fit the outer walls of different surgical instruments, thereby limiting the angle of the surgical instruments; before performing a neurosurgery operation, the doctor will perform an imaging examination based on the patient's condition, and then accurately locate the position of the main body 1 through a navigation and positioning system such as a robotic arm. At this time, the medical staff can operate surgical instruments such as a drill through the adapter 2 on the main body 1 to perform operations such as drilling and fixing guide screws at designated positions and angles on the patient's skull. The above are all existing technologies and will not be repeated here. The innovation of the embodiment of the present invention lies in that a driving mechanism is set to operate the clamping mechanism, so that the clamping mechanism can clamp the adapter 2 and slide along the axial direction of the adapter 2. After the robot arm locates the position of the main body 1, the clamping mechanism can clamp and fix the adapter 2 through the first stroke of the driving mechanism, and then the clamping mechanism is driven to approach the skull along the axial direction of the adapter 2 through the second stroke of the driving mechanism (the first stroke of the driving mechanism can be a power source that drives the clamping mechanism to operate, and the second stroke can be a linear driving structure arranged along the axial direction of the adapter 2, such as an electric push rod or other structure), so as to position the adapter 2 close to the skull (at this time, the position of the adapter 2 on the main body 1 is the guiding position), so as to facilitate the adapter 2 to guide the surgical instrument; after the guide is fixed on the skull by the adapter 2 After the screw is inserted, the robot arm needs to be reset to the origin position (the origin position is a basic position set by the robot arm based on the navigation and positioning system). At this time, adapter 2 is closer to the skull, and the end of the guide screw may still be in the hole of adapter 2. Direct resetting of the robot arm may cause interference between the position of adapter 2 and the guide screw. For this reason, when the robot arm is reset, the second stroke of the driving mechanism is first reversed to make the clamping mechanism move away from the skull along the axis of adapter 2, thereby moving adapter 2 to a position away from the skull (at this time, the position of adapter 2 on the main body 1 is the clamping position), thereby ensuring that the guide screw is removed from adapter 2 and will not affect the subsequent resetting of the robot arm. Subsequently, the first stroke of the driving mechanism can be run to replace adapter 2 according to the situation, or the second stroke of the driving mechanism can be continued to be run to position adapter 2.

[0037] The present invention provides a guide mechanism for neurosurgery. The driving mechanism can drive the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the adapter 2 through the first stroke and the second stroke and move the adapter 2 close to the skull along the axial direction, so that the adapter 2 can guide instruments such as a drill bit at a position close to the skull, which is convenient for fixing the guide screw on the skull. After the guide screw is fixed, the driving mechanism is reversed to drive the clamping mechanism to move the adapter 2 away from the skull along the axial direction and release the fixation of the adapter 2, so that the end of the guide screw can be moved out of the adapter 2, thereby avoiding the position interference between the guide mechanism and the fastening screw when the robot arm is reset to the origin position.

[0038] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, further, the clamping mechanism includes a first clamping plate 3 and a second clamping plate 4, and the first clamping plate 3 is slidably connected to the main body 1 along the axial direction of the adapter 2. Specifically, a movable groove (not shown) is constructed on the main body 1, and the movable groove is arranged along the axial direction of the adapter 2. The first clamping plate 3 is slidably connected in the movable groove. The first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 are connected by a driving mechanism, such as an electric push rod and other structures. The driving mechanism can drive the two to be relatively close or far away, and the second clamping plate 4 can move synchronously with the first clamping plate 3 (such as when the first clamping plate 3 moves along the movable groove, the second clamping plate 4 can be moved synchronously with the first clamping plate 3 along the movable groove through the electric push rod and other structures. At the same time, the electric push rod and other mechanisms can also drive the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 to be relatively close or far away); the inner walls of the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 are constructed in a shape that fits with the outer wall of the adapter 2, For example, it is cylindrical, and rubber pads are embedded in the inner walls of the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 (that is, after the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 clamp and fix the adapter 2, the two can be further moved closer to each other to squeeze the rubber pads and increase the clamping force). After the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 clamp the adapter 2, the axial direction of the adapter 2 is the direction in which the first clamping plate 3 slides along the main body 1 (that is, the length direction of the movable groove), so that the clamping mechanism can move along the axial direction of the adapter 2 after clamping the adapter 2, so that after the adapter 2 guides and fixes the guide screw, the adapter 2 is driven away from the guide screw along its axial direction through the clamping mechanism, so as to avoid position interference between the adapter 2 and the guide screw as much as possible.

[0039] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a driving shaft 5 fixed on the second clamping plate 4, the driving shaft 5 passes through the first clamping plate 3, and the driving shaft 5 is sleeved with a first spring 6. Specifically, the area on the first clamping plate 3 that is connected to the second clamping plate 4 is constructed with a through hole adapted to the driving shaft 5, the driving shaft 5 is slidably connected in the through hole, and the two ends of the first spring 6 are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the through hole and the second clamping plate 4, and the second clamping plate 4 can be forced to approach the first clamping plate 3 through the first spring 6; in this way, when it is necessary to clamp the adapter 2, the user first pulls the second clamping plate 4 outward to enlarge the space between the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4, and then puts the adapter 2 between the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4, and finally releases the second clamping plate 4 to preliminarily clamp and fix the adapter 2, so that the adapter 2 is stably in the clamping position, thereby completing the first stroke of the driving mechanism.

[0040] Furthermore, the driving mechanism further comprises a first rack 7 fixed on the first clamping plate 3, a second rack 8 fixed on the main body 1, a slider 9 slidably connected to the main body 1, a rotating shaft 10 rotatably connected to the slider 9, a first gear 11 fixed to the rotating shaft 10, the first rack 7 and the second rack 8 both mesh with the first gear 11 and are disposed on both sides of the first gear 11. Specifically, a slide groove is constructed on the main body 1, the slider 9 is slidably connected in the slide groove, the slide groove, the first rack 7 and the second rack 8 are all arranged along the axial direction of the adapter 2, and the rotating shaft 10 is controlled to rotate when it is necessary to drive the clamping mechanism to move along the axial direction of the adapter 2 (a power source such as a motor can be arranged on the slider 9 to drive the rotating shaft 10 to rotate), and when the rotating shaft 10 rotates, it will drive the first gear 11 to rotate between the first rack 7 and the second rack 8, and since the second rack 8 is fixed on the main body 1, its position is stationary relative to the main body 1, so that when the first gear 11 rotates, it will drive its The first gear 11 and the first rack 7 move along the axial direction of the adapter 2, thereby driving the clamping mechanism to move along the axial direction of the adapter 2; the first gear 11 rotates relative to the first rack 7 and the second rack 8 while moving, so that the sliding stroke of the slider 9 driven by the first gear 11 is equal to half of the sliding stroke of the first clamping plate 3 driven by the first rack 7, that is, the length of the slide groove is equal to half of the length of the movable groove. With this arrangement, when the control shaft 10 rotates, the clamping mechanism can be driven to slide along the axial direction of the adapter 2, thereby completing the second stroke of the driving mechanism.

[0041] When the first spring 6 drives the second clamping plate 4 to clamp and fix the adapter 2, during the second stroke of the driving mechanism, since it is only maintained by the first spring 6, if the second clamping plate 4 is moved by an unexpected external force, the adapter 2 will fall from between the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4. Furthermore, a movable column 12 is provided in the rotating shaft 10 along its axial direction, and a U-shaped plate 13 is fixed on the movable column 12. At the same time, the U-shaped plate 13 is slidably connected to the main body 1, and the inner wall of the U-shaped plate 13 and the outer wall of the driving shaft 5 are configured with tooth patterns 14 that are mutually engaged. When the clamping mechanism is at the top of its sliding stroke, the U-shaped plate 13 and the driving shaft 5 are disengaged. Specifically, a plane portion 15 is configured on the main body 1 along the axial direction of the adapter 2, and a notch is configured on the movable column 12. The plane portion 15 abuts against the notch and the two can slide relative to each other. A central hole is configured in the rotating shaft 10 for the movable column 12 to rotate and slide, so that when the rotating shaft 10 moves along the axial direction of the adapter 2, it will drive the U-shaped plate 13 to move synchronously, and the U-shaped plate 13 and the movable column 12 will not rotate in the rotating shaft 10 due to the restriction of the plane portion 15 (the rotating shaft 10 will rotate while moving along the axial direction of the adapter 2, and the movable column 12 is restricted by the plane portion 15, so that the movable column 12 can keep the angle unchanged while moving with the rotating shaft 10 The U-shaped plate 13 is in a state of being moved and the drive shaft 5 ... Fig.10 As shown, the inner wall of the U-shaped plate 13 and the outer wall of the drive shaft 5 are equidistantly configured with a plurality of teeth 14, so that the teeth 14 between the two can be engaged with each other, and when the clamping mechanism is at the top of its sliding stroke, the U-shaped plate 13 and the drive shaft 5 are separated, so that the two are disengaged), so that the second clamping plate 4 can slide in the through hole through the drive shaft 5, so as to clamp the adapter 2 or replace the adapter 2. After completing the clamping and fixing of the adapter 2, the rotating shaft 10 is rotated to drive the clamping mechanism to move along the main body 1. At this time, the drive shaft 5 moves downward relative to the U-shaped plate 13, so that the teeth 14 of the drive shaft 5 and the teeth 14 of the U-shaped plate 13 are engaged with each other (as shown in FIG. Fig.10The figure shows an exploded view of the drive shaft 5 and the U-shaped plate 13. During the operation of the two, the tooth patterns 14 on the drive shaft 5 and the U-shaped plate 13 always remain corresponding to ensure that when the clamping mechanism drives the adapter 2 to move away from the clamping position, the drive shaft 5 and the U-shaped plate 13 can be clamped together. When the distance between the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 is different, the clamping position of the drive shaft 5 and the U-shaped plate 13 is also different), thereby limiting the relative position of the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4, and trying to avoid the second clamping plate 4 from moving during use and causing the adapter 2 to fall off.

[0042] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, further, a rotating ring 16 is rotatably connected to the main body 1, a third rack 17 is slidably connected to the main body 1, a second gear 18 meshing with the third rack 17 is fixed to the rotating shaft 10, a connecting rod 19 is fixed to the inner wall of the rotating ring 16, a through groove is configured on the third rack 17, a connecting column 20 is configured at the end of the connecting rod 19, and the connecting column 20 is located in the through groove. Specifically, an active cavity is configured in the main body 1, the rotating ring 16 is rotatably connected in the active cavity, and structures such as the third rack 17 and the connecting rod 19 are all arranged in the active cavity; a connecting groove is configured in the main body 1 along the axial direction of the adapter 2, the third rack 17 is slidably connected in the connecting groove, a connecting portion is configured on one side of the third rack 17 close to the connecting rod 19, the through groove is configured on the connecting portion, and when the rotating ring 16 rotates, the connecting rod 19 and the connecting column 20 will be driven to rotate synchronously around the central axis of the rotating ring 16, and the connecting column 20 will resist the inner wall of the through groove during the rotation process. , thereby driving the third rack 17 and the connecting part to slide along the connecting groove. The third rack 17 will drive the second gear 18 to rotate during the sliding process. When the second gear 18 drives the rotating shaft 10 to rotate, the first gear 11 at the other end of the rotating shaft 10 will roll between the first rack 7 and the second rack 8, so that the second gear 18 of the rotating shaft 10 slides synchronously, that is, when the rotating ring 16 rotates, it will drive the clamping mechanism to slide along the main body 1, so that the driving force can be converted into manual force, and the rotating ring 16 is arranged on the main body 1 to facilitate operation by medical staff.

[0043] It should be noted that the U-shaped plate 13 has a semicircular portion and two straight plate portions. When the swivel 16 drives the clamping mechanism and the adapter 2 to move to the guiding position, the teeth 14 on the inner wall of the semicircular portion and the inner wall of the two straight plate portions of the U-shaped plate 13 are both engaged with the teeth 14 on the outer wall of the drive shaft 5. This can improve the stability of the adapter 2 when it is in the guiding position. When the clamping mechanism drives the adapter 2 to move to the clamping position, the teeth 14 on the inner wall of the U-shaped plate 13 are not engaged with the teeth 14 on the outer wall of the drive shaft 5. In other positions, only the teeth 14 on the inner walls of the two straight plate portions are engaged with the teeth 14 on the outer wall of the drive shaft 5.

[0044] Furthermore, it also includes a clamping assembly, which is used to force the second clamping plate 4 to approach the first clamping plate 3 when the clamping mechanism is at the bottom of its sliding stroke. Specifically, the clamping assembly can be an electric push rod fixed on the slider 9, and the end of the electric push rod is fixed on the movable column 12 (the slider 9 and the movable column 12 move synchronously and are relatively stationary), so that the movable column 12 is driven by the electric push rod to slide along the rotating shaft 10 to control the movable column 12 to slide in the rotating shaft 10 to the side away from the second clamping plate 4, so that the drive shaft 5 and the second clamping plate 4 can be driven to move toward the first clamping plate 3, so that the clamping force of the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 on the adapter 2 can be increased (after the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 clamp and fix the adapter 2, the two can further approach each other to squeeze the rubber pad and increase the clamping force), thereby improving the stability of the clamping mechanism.

[0045] As an alternative to the above-mentioned electric push rod driving the movable column 12 to slide along the rotating shaft 10, preferably, the clamping assembly includes an arc plate 21 fixed to the inner wall of the rotating ring 16 and a connecting block 23 fixed to the movable column 12, and the arc plate 21 is constructed with a wedge-shaped portion 22. Specifically, a second spring 24 is provided between the connecting block 23 and the main body 1, and the two ends of the second spring 24 are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the main body 1 and the connecting block 23, and the second spring 24 can force the connecting block 23 and the movable column 12 to move toward the side close to the second clamping plate 4. When the swivel 16 drives the clamping mechanism and the adapter 2 to move away from the clamping position, the swivel 16 synchronously drives the arc plate 21 to rotate, and the arc plate 21 will drive the wedge-shaped portion 22 to resist the connecting block 23 when rotating, so as to force the connecting block 23 to squeeze the second spring 24, thereby driving the connecting block 23, the movable column 12 and the U-shaped plate 13 to move toward the side away from the second clamping plate 4, thereby improving the stability of the clamping mechanism, until the swivel 16 drives the clamping mechanism and the adapter 2 to return to the clamping position, and the second spring 24 drives the connecting block 23 and the movable column 12 to return. During the rotation of the swivel 16, it can drive the rotating shaft 10 to slide along the axial direction of the adapter 2, that is, when the swivel 16 drives the arc plate 21 to rotate, the position of the connecting block 23 keeps changing. In this embodiment, by increasing the contact area between the arc plate 21 and the connecting block 23 and adjusting the angle of the arc plate 21, the arc plate 21 can maintain the resistance to the connecting block 23 during the rotation of the swivel 16 until the swivel 16 drives the clamping mechanism and the adapter 2 to move to the clamping position, and the wedge-shaped portion 22 moves away from the position of the connecting block 23, so that the movable column 12 is reset under the action of the second spring 24.

[0046] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, in order to prevent the rotating ring 16 from being misoperated, a locking mechanism is further included to lock the rotating ring 16 when the locking mechanism is in operation. Specifically, the locking mechanism includes an annular groove constructed in the rotating ring 16, a connecting wire 25 is passed through the annular groove (the connecting wire 25 is set to a closed ring shape), a plurality of connecting holes connected to the annular groove are constructed in the rotating ring 16, a button 26 is slidably connected in the connecting hole, one end of the button 26 protrudes from the rotating ring 16, and the other end is constructed with a guide ring, the connecting wire 25 is passed through the guide ring (similar to threading a needle), a locking groove connected to the annular groove is constructed in the rotating ring 16, a movable block 27 is slidably connected in the locking groove, the movable block 27 is fixed to the connecting wire 25, a telescopic groove is constructed in the movable block 27, a locking block 28 is slidably connected in the telescopic groove, a fixing plate 29 is fixed to the inner wall of the movable cavity, a friction pad is provided on the side where the fixing plate 29 and the locking block 28 are close to each other, a third spring 30 is fixed in the telescopic groove, the other end of the third spring 30 is fixed to the locking block 28, and the locking block 28 can be forced to approach the fixing plate 29 through the third spring 30, and a fourth spring 31 is fixed in the locking groove. The elastic force of the fourth spring 31 is greater than the elastic force of the third spring 30. The other end of the fourth spring 31 is fixed to the movable block 27. The fourth spring 31 can force the movable block 27 to approach the fixed plate 29. The fixed plate 29 is constructed in an arc shape. Within the rotation range of the rotating ring 16, the locking block 28 can continue to conflict with the fixed plate 29 under the elastic force of the fourth spring 31; the fourth spring 31 and the connecting line 25 are not arranged in the same cross section, that is, the positions of the connecting line 25 and the fourth spring 31 are staggered, and there will be no mutual interference when the two are running; when the rotating ring 16 is not running, the fourth spring 31 can force the movable block 27 and the locking block 28 to approach one side of the fixed plate 29 (at this time, the third spring 30 is compressed), so that the rotating ring 16 is locked by the mutual conflict between the locking block 28 and the fixed plate 29, and the rotating ring 16 is prevented from being misoperated as much as possible. At this time, the connecting line 25 is pulled by the movable block 27 to remain taut and drive multiple buttons 26 to protrude from the rotating ring 16 along the connecting hole (such as Figure 8As shown, the connecting wire 25 contacts the inner wall of the guide ring so that the multiple buttons 26 protrude from the rotating ring 16); when the rotating ring 16 needs to be operated, the multiple buttons 26 are pressed at the same time, and the connecting wire 25 is tightened and the movable block 27 is pulled by the squeezing of the multiple buttons 26 (the connecting wire 25 can slide in the guide ring during the pulling process), thereby driving the movable block 27 to squeeze the fourth spring 31, so as to make the movable block 27 away from the fixed plate 29. When the multiple buttons 26 are pressed to the limit at the same time, the movable block 27 also moves to its limit position along the locking groove. At this time, the movable block 27 and the fourth spring 31 are pressed. There is a certain distance between the fixed plate 29, and the third spring 30 alone cannot force the locking block 28 to contact the fixed plate 29, that is, after the multiple buttons 26 are pressed at the same time, the locking block 28 and the fixed plate 29 are out of contact, thereby releasing the lock of the swivel 16, which is convenient for medical staff to operate the swivel 16; when one of the multiple buttons 26 is not pressed, the tension of the connecting line 25 is not enough to drive the movable block 27 to move along the locking groove to its extreme position, that is, the third spring 30 can also force the locking block 28 to contact the fixed plate 29, thereby maintaining the lock of the swivel 16. Preferably, two or three buttons 26 are provided to facilitate medical staff to press multiple buttons 26 with one hand, and while facilitating the operation of medical staff, it can avoid the situation of misoperation of the swivel 16 as much as possible.

[0047] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guide mechanism for neurosurgery, comprising a main body, characterized in that: The main body is provided with: an adapter for guiding surgical instruments; A clamping mechanism, which is slidably connected to the main body along the axial direction of the adapter and is used to clamp the adapter; A driving mechanism having a first stroke and a second stroke, wherein in the first stroke, the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to clamp the adapter, and in the second stroke, the driving mechanism drives the clamping mechanism to slide along the main body; The clamping mechanism comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, wherein the first clamping plate is slidably connected to the main body along the axial direction of the adapter; The driving mechanism comprises a driving shaft fixed on the second clamping plate, the driving shaft passes through the first clamping plate, and a first spring is sleeved on the driving shaft; The area where the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are connected is constructed with a through hole adapted to the drive shaft, the drive shaft is slidably connected in the through hole, the two ends of the first spring are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the through hole and the second clamping plate, and the second clamping plate can be forced to approach the first clamping plate through the first spring; when it is necessary to clamp the adapter, the user first pulls the second clamping plate outward to enlarge the space between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, and then puts the adapter between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, and finally releases the second clamping plate to preliminarily clamp and fix the adapter, so that the adapter is stably in the clamping position, thereby completing the first stroke of the driving mechanism; The driving mechanism further comprises a first rack fixed on the first clamping plate, a second rack fixed on the main body, a slider slidably connected to the main body, a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the slider, a first gear fixed on the rotating shaft, and the first rack and the second rack both mesh with the first gear; The main body is provided with a slide groove, and the slider is slidably connected in the slide groove. The slide groove, the first rack and the second rack are all arranged along the axial direction of the adapter. When it is necessary to drive the clamping mechanism to move along the axial direction of the adapter, the rotating shaft is controlled to rotate. When the rotating shaft rotates, it will drive the first gear to rotate between the first rack and the second rack. Since the second rack is fixed on the main body, its position is stationary relative to the main body, so that when the first gear rotates, it will drive itself and the first rack to move along the axial direction of the adapter, thereby driving the clamping mechanism to move along the axial direction of the adapter; when the first gear moves, it rotates relative to the first rack and the second rack, so that the stroke of the slider driven by the first gear is equal to half of the stroke of the first clamping plate driven by the first rack, that is, the length of the slide groove is equal to half of the length of the movable groove. When the rotating shaft is controlled to rotate, the clamping mechanism can be driven to slide along the axial direction of the adapter, thereby completing the second stroke of the driving mechanism.

2. A neurosurgery guide mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable column is provided in the rotating shaft along its axial direction, a U-shaped plate is fixed on the movable column, the U-shaped plate is slidably connected to the main body, and the inner wall of the U-shaped plate and the outer wall of the driving shaft are structured with tooth patterns that are engaged with each other.

3. A neurosurgery guide mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the clamping mechanism is at the top end of its sliding stroke, the U-shaped plate and the drive shaft are disengaged.

4. A neurosurgery guide mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A swivel is rotatably connected to the main body, a third rack is slidably connected inside the main body, a second gear meshing with the third rack is fixed on the rotating shaft, a connecting rod is fixed to the inner wall of the swivel, a through groove is constructed on the third rack, a connecting column is constructed at the end of the connecting rod, and the connecting column is located in the through groove.

5. A neurosurgery guide mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a clamping assembly, which is used to force the second clamping plate to approach the first clamping plate when the clamping mechanism is at the bottom of its sliding stroke.

6. A neurosurgery guide mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping assembly comprises an arc-shaped plate fixed on the inner wall of the rotating ring and a connecting block fixed on the movable column, and the arc-shaped plate is configured with a wedge-shaped portion.

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