Use of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole in mixed explosives

Abstract

The application provides application of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole as a liquid carrier in mixed explosives and melt-cast explosives, and belongs to the technical field of explosive preparation.The melt-cast explosive provided by the application comprises the following components in percentage by mass: liquid carrier: 48%; solid filler: 50%; plasticizer: 2%; wherein the liquid carrier is 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole.The 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole used in the application has good thermal stability, high density, low toxicity, is green and environment-friendly, has small volatility, low sensitivity, good formability, good mechanical properties, no shrinkage and cracks after pouring, and the prepared melt-cast explosive has the characteristics of high energy, low sensitivity, high density and the like.The cost of the raw material involved is very low, and there is a basis for large-scale production, and the production cost is obviously lower than that of traditional TNT.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of explosive preparation, and particularly relates to application of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole as a liquid carrier in mixed explosives, melt-cast explosives and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] TNT has been used as a liquid carrier of melt-cast explosives for more than 100 years, and is still in use. However, in recent years, many new carrier explosives have been synthesized, such as DNTF, TNAZ, MTNP and the like, which have much better energy performance than TNT, and bring new hope to explosive researchers. However, with the deepening of research, various problems have been found, such as too high sensitivity, too high melting point, too complex preparation process, too high cost and the like, which seriously hinder the practical application of the carrier explosives. In addition, some old carrier explosives are re-used in the new century, such as DNAN, which has a lower sensitivity than TNT, and has the potential to replace TNT in insensitive ammunition. However, the theoretical density of DNAN is only 1.340 g / cm 3 , and the actual density may be lower, which seriously restricts the application of DNAN. In addition, the melting point of DNAN is as high as 102℃, and it is difficult to liquefy DNAN by using the existing TNT melting equipment. Moreover, the energy performance of DNAN is much lower than that of TNT. Therefore, the work of finding a liquid carrier to replace TNT is still actively carried out.

[0003] BFTNAN is an excellent energetic compound, which has a melting point of 90.4℃, good thermal stability, a thermal decomposition peak temperature of 233.9℃, a density of 2.073 g / cm 3 , a detonation velocity slightly higher than that of TNT, a sensitivity lower than that of TNT, and good compatibility with high-energy explosives RDX, HMX and CL-20. Moreover, BFTNAN has some other important advantages, such as a saturated vapor pressure of 1 / 30 of that of liquid TNT after melting, a toxicity far lower than that of TNT in the production process, green environmental protection, and a production cost significantly lower than that of TNT. Therefore, BFTNAN has the potential to replace TNT. Currently, there is no literature and patent using BFTNAN in melt-cast explosives. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems in the background art, on the one hand, the application provides application of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole as a liquid carrier in mixed explosives, which has good thermal stability, high density, lower toxicity than TNT, is green and environmentally friendly, and has a significantly lower production cost than traditional TNT.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical solutions.

[0006] Application of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole as a liquid carrier in mixed explosives.

[0007] Preferably, the mixed explosive is high-density cast explosive.

[0008] Preferably, the density of the high-density cast explosive is 1.862-2.046 g / cm 3 .

[0009] On the other hand, the application also provides a cast explosive, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

[0010] Liquid carrier: 48%;

[0011] Solid filler: 50%;

[0012] Plasticizer: 2%;

[0013] The liquid carrier is 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole.

[0014] Preferably, the solid filler is one or more of RDX, HMX and CL-20.

[0015] Preferably, the particle size of the RDX, HMX and CL-20 is 80-200 μm.

[0016] Preferably, the plasticizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

[0017] Bee wax accounts for 70 wt% of the plasticizer;

[0018] Nitrocellulose accounts for 10 wt% of the plasticizer;

[0019] Diglycerol tetranitrate accounts for 15 wt% of the plasticizer;

[0020] Lecithin accounts for 5 wt% of the plasticizer.

[0021] On the other hand, the application also provides a preparation method of the cast explosive, comprising the following steps:

[0022] 1) After the melting kettle is preheated, the weighed 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole is added, and stirred until it is completely melted into a liquid state;

[0023] 2) The weighed solid filler is added to uniformly disperse in the liquid 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole, forming a uniform, flowable paste explosive;

[0024] 3) After the mold is preheated, the paste explosive is poured into the mold, and naturally cools and solidifies at room temperature, thereby obtaining the melt-cast explosive.

[0025] Preferably, in step 1), the preheating temperature of the melting kettle is 94-97℃.

[0026] Preferably, in step 3), the preheating temperature of the mold is 65-70℃.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The application of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole as a liquid carrier in mixed explosives and the melt-cast explosive provided by the present application have the following advantages: the 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole has good thermal stability, high density, low toxicity, green environmental protection, low volatility, low sensitivity, good formability, good mechanical properties, no shrinkage and cracks after pouring, and the prepared melt-cast explosive has the characteristics of high energy, low sensitivity, and high density. The cost of the raw materials involved is very low, and there is a basis for large-scale production, and the production cost is significantly lower than that of traditional TNT. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a molecular structure diagram of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN);

[0030] Figure 2 It is a DSC spectrum of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN);

[0031] Figure 3 It is an XRD spectrum of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Preheat the melting pot to 97°C and the oven to 65°C in a humidity less than 20 H2O / kg dry air. Then, weigh 48 grams of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) into the melting pot preheated to 97°C and stir with a wooden stick until the 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) is completely melted into a liquid state. Then, weigh 1.4 grams of beeswax, 0.2 grams of nitrocellulose, 0.3 grams of DGTN, and 0.1 grams of lecithin into the melted 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN). Then, add 50 grams of RDX into the melting pot. Stir the RDX with a wooden stick to uniformly disperse the RDX in the liquid carrier to form a uniform, flowable paste. After the mold is coated with a release agent, place the mold in the oven preheated to 65°C and take it out. Pour the paste into the mold and let it cool and solidify at room temperature to form the melt-cast explosive product of Example 1.

[0035] Table 1 Formulation of melt-cast explosive in Example 1

[0036]

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] Preheat the melting pot to 97°C and the oven to 65°C in a humidity less than 20 H2O / kg dry air. Then, weigh 48 grams of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) into the melting pot preheated to 97°C and stir with a wooden stick until the 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) is completely melted into a liquid state. Then, weigh 1.4 grams of beeswax, 0.2 grams of nitrocellulose, 0.3 grams of DGTN, and 0.1 grams of lecithin into the melted 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN). Then, add 50 grams of RDX into the melting pot. Stir the RDX with a wooden stick to uniformly disperse the RDX in the liquid carrier to form a uniform, flowable paste. After the mold is coated with a release agent, place the mold in the oven preheated to 65°C and take it out. Pour the paste into the mold and let it cool and solidify at room temperature to form the melt-cast explosive product of Example 1.

[0039] Table 2 Formulation of melt-cast explosive in Comparative Example 1 (common B explosive formulation)

[0040]

[0041] The properties of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 7. It can be seen that the oxygen balance of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 1 is -29.1%, which is significantly higher than that of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Comparative Example 1, which is beneficial to generate more heat in the detonation process. The density of Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1. The detonation velocity, detonation heat and detonation pressure of Example 1 are all slightly higher than those of Comparative Example 1. The impact sensitivity of Example 1 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, and the friction sensitivity of Example 1 is also slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. The data in Table 7 shows that the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 1 has higher performance than ordinary B explosive.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] In the humidity less than 20 H2O / kg dry air, the temperature of the melting kettle is first preheated to 97°C, and the oven is preheated to 65°C. Then, 48 grams of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) is weighed and added to the melting kettle preheated to 97°C, and stirred with a wooden stick until the 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) is completely melted into a liquid state. Then, 1.4 grams of beeswax, 0.2 grams of nitrocellulose, 0.3 grams of DGTN and 0.1 grams of lecithin are added to the melted 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN). Then, 50 grams of HMX is added to the melting kettle. The HMX is uniformly dispersed in the liquid carrier to form a uniform, flowable paste-like substance with a wooden stick. After the mold is coated with release agent and preheated to 65°C in the oven, the paste-like explosive is poured into the mold and naturally cooled and solidified at room temperature to form the melt-cast explosive product of Example 2.

[0044] Table 3 Formulation of melt-cast explosive in Example 2

[0045]

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] In the humidity less than 20 H2O / kg dry air, the temperature of the melting kettle is first preheated to 97°C, and the oven is preheated to 65°C. Then, 48 grams of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) is weighed and added to the melting kettle preheated to 97°C, and stirred with a wooden stick until the 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN) is completely melted into a liquid state. Then, 1.4 grams of beeswax, 0.2 grams of nitrocellulose, 0.3 grams of DGTN and 0.1 grams of lecithin are added to the melted 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (BFTNAN). Then, 50 grams of HMX is added to the melting kettle. The HMX is uniformly dispersed in the liquid carrier to form a uniform, flowable paste-like substance with a wooden stick. After the mold is coated with release agent and preheated to 65°C in the oven, the paste-like explosive is poured into the mold and naturally cooled and solidified at room temperature to form the melt-cast explosive product of Example 2.

[0048] Table 4 Melt-cast explosive formulation in Comparative Example 2 (common B explosive formulation)

[0049]

[0050] The properties of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 7. It can be seen that the oxygen balance of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 2 is -28.9%, which is significantly higher than that of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Comparative Example 2, which is beneficial to generate more heat in the detonation process. The density of Example 2 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2. The detonation velocity, detonation heat and detonation pressure of Example 2 are all slightly higher than those of Comparative Example 2. The impact sensitivity of Example 2 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 2, and the friction sensitivity of Example 2 is also slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 2. The data in Table 7 show that the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 2 has higher performance than common B explosive.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] In the humidity less than 20 H2O / kg dry air, the temperature of the melting kettle is first preheated to 97°C, and the oven is preheated to 65°C. Then, 48 grams of BFTNAN are weighed and added to the melting kettle preheated to 97°C, and stirred with a wooden stick until the BFTNAN is completely melted into a liquid state. Then, 1.4 grams of beeswax, 0.2 grams of nitrocellulose, 0.3 grams of DGTN and 0.1 grams of lecithin are added to the melted BFTNAN. Then, 50 grams of CL-20 are added to the melting kettle. The CL-20 is uniformly dispersed in the liquid carrier with a wooden stick to form a uniform, flowable paste. After the mold is coated with release agent and taken out after preheating to 65°C in the oven, the paste explosive is poured into the mold and naturally cooled and solidified at room temperature to form the melt-cast explosive product of Example 2.

[0053] Table 5 Melt-cast explosive formulation in Example 3

[0054]

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] In the humidity less than 20 H2O / kg dry air, the temperature of the melting kettle is first preheated to 97°C, and the oven is preheated to 65°C. Then, 48 grams of BFTNAN are weighed and added to the melting kettle preheated to 97°C, and stirred with a wooden stick until the BFTNAN is completely melted into a liquid state. Then, 1.4 grams of beeswax, 0.2 grams of nitrocellulose, 0.3 grams of DGTN and 0.1 grams of lecithin are added to the melted BFTNAN. Then, 50 grams of CL-20 are added to the melting kettle. The CL-20 is uniformly dispersed in the liquid carrier with a wooden stick to form a uniform, flowable paste. After the mold is coated with release agent and taken out after preheating to 65°C in the oven, the paste explosive is poured into the mold and naturally cooled and solidified at room temperature to form the melt-cast explosive product of Example 2.

[0057] Table 6 Formulation of melt-cast explosive (ordinary B explosive formulation) in Comparative Example 3

[0058]

[0059] The properties of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 are shown in Table 7. It can be seen that the oxygen balance of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 3 is -24.6%, which is significantly higher than that of the melt-cast explosive prepared in Comparative Example 2, which is beneficial to generate more heat in the detonation process. The density of Example 3 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 3. The detonation velocity, detonation heat and detonation pressure of Example 3 are all slightly higher than those of Comparative Example 3. The impact sensitivity of Example 3 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 3, and the friction sensitivity of Example 3 is also slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 3. The data in Table 7 shows that the melt-cast explosive prepared in Example 3 has higher performance than ordinary B explosive.

[0060] Table 7 Properties of melt-cast explosive in all examples and comparative examples

[0061]

[0062]

Claims

1. A melt-cast explosive, characterized by, By mass percentage, the following components are included: Liquid carrier: 48%; Solid filler: 50%; Plasticizer: 2%; The liquid carrier is 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole. The melt-cast explosive is a high-density melt-cast explosive, and its density is 1.862-2.046 g / cm 3 ; By weight percentage, the plasticizer includes the following components: Bee wax accounts for 70% of the plasticizer by weight; Nitrocellulose accounts for 10% of the plasticizer by weight; Diglycerol tetranitrate accounts for 15% of the plasticizer by weight; Lecithin accounts for 5% of the plasticizer by weight.

2. A cast explosive according to claim 1, wherein The solid filler is one or more of RDX, HMX, and CL-20.

3. A cast explosive according to claim 2, wherein The particle size of the RDX, HMX, and CL-20 is 80-200 μm.

4. A method of making a cast explosive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, The method includes the following steps: 1) After preheating the melting kettle, add the weighed 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole, and stir until completely melted into a liquid state; 2) Add the weighed solid filler to uniformly disperse in the liquid 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole to form a uniform, flowable paste explosive; 3) After preheating the mold, take it out, pour the paste explosive into the mold, and naturally cool and solidify at room temperature to obtain the melt-cast explosive.

5. A method of making a cast explosive according to claim 4, characterised in that, In step 1), the preheating temperature of the melting kettle is 94-97°C.

6. A method of making a cast explosive according to claim 4, wherein, In step 3), the preheating temperature of the mold is 65-70°C.

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