Liquid air energy storage system and control method and control device thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a liquid air energy storage system and its control method and control device, which relate to the field of liquid air energy storage technology. The liquid air energy storage system includes: a cold tank group consisting of N cold tanks connected in parallel; during the charging process, M cold tanks have cold energy and participate in cold release, and the other Z cold tanks recover gaseous cold energy from the liquid air separator; during the discharge process, the M-Z cold tanks participating in cold release store cold energy, and the Z cold tanks recovering gaseous cold energy are accumulated to restore the M cold tanks to have cold energy, and the cycle is repeated; wherein, N≥3, N>M>Z>0. In the embodiment of the present invention, a cold tank group consisting of multiple cold tanks is set, and the number of cold tanks participating in charging and discharging in the cold tank group is strictly controlled, and the gaseous cold energy from the liquid air separator is fully recovered during the charging process, thereby effectively reducing the cold energy loss during the charging and discharging process, reducing the cold energy quality degradation rate, and improving the charging and discharging efficiency and economic benefits of the liquid air energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of liquid air energy storage, and in particular to a liquid air energy storage system and a control method and a control device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is a new energy storage technology that uses cheap valley electricity to absorb air from the environment, compress and cool it until it becomes liquid for storage. During peak electricity consumption, the liquid air is released from the tank to increase its pressure and temperature, and then enters the expander to generate power, thus realizing valley electricity peak utilization. It can play an important role in peak regulation of the power grid.

[0003] The cold storage tank is an extremely important cold energy exchange equipment in the liquid air energy storage system. During the charging process, it cools the compressed air by releasing its own cold energy, and during the discharging process, it recovers the cold energy released from the liquid air, and repeats this cycle. However, the current cold energy exchange of the cold storage tank has low energy conversion efficiency, the quality of the stored cold energy decreases rapidly, and the frequency of repeated cold energy replenishment is high, which affects the charging and discharging efficiency and economic benefits of the liquid air energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid air energy storage system to solve the problems in the prior art of rapid degradation of the cold energy quality of the cold storage tank and high frequency of replenishing cold energy.

[0005] In some illustrative embodiments, the liquid air energy storage system includes: a liquid air tank, a cold tank group, a hot tank, a compressor, an expander, a cryogenic expander, and a liquid air separator; wherein the compressor, the hot tank, the cold tank group, the cryogenic expander, the liquid air separator, and the liquid air tank constitute a charging airflow path and flow direction, and the liquid air tank, the cold tank group, the hot tank, and the expander constitute a discharging airflow path and flow direction;

[0006] In which, the cold tank group is composed of N cold tanks in parallel; during the charging process, M cold tanks have cold energy and participate in releasing cold, and the other Z cold tanks recover the gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator; during the discharging process, the MZ cold tanks participating in releasing cold store cold, and the Z cold tanks recovering the gas phase cold energy are accumulated to restore the M cold tanks to have cold energy, and the cycle is repeated; in which, N≥3, N>M>Z>0.

[0007] In some optional embodiments, during the charging process, M cold tanks with cold energy participate in releasing cold energy simultaneously or sequentially in the charging airflow path, and Z cold tanks simultaneously or sequentially recover gaseous cold energy from the liquid air separator; during the discharging process, the MZ cold tanks participating in releasing cold energy store cold energy simultaneously or sequentially in the discharging airflow path.

[0008] In some optional embodiments, the cold tank is provided with a pipeline running through the tank body, a solid medium is accumulated in the tank body space between the inner wall of the cold tank and the outer wall of the pipeline, and high-pressure air at room temperature or deep cold enters the pipeline space inside the pipeline and exchanges cold energy with the solid medium through the pipe wall of the pipeline; wherein the pipeline is used for external communication.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, the solid medium is selected from one or more of natural rocks, artificial stones, metal particles, and metal compound particles.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, the tank space is a vacuum environment.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the liquid air cold storage system further includes: one or more valve bodies for controlling the conversion and conduction state of each cold tank in the cold tank group during the charging process and / or discharging process.

[0012] In some optional embodiments, the liquid air cold storage system further includes: a cryogenic pump provided on the discharge air flow path, for pressurizing the liquid air from the liquid air tank and sending it into the cold tank.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a liquid air energy storage system, which is applied to the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage system.

[0014] In some illustrative embodiments, the control method of the liquid air energy storage system includes:

[0015] During charging, the M cold tanks with cold energy in the cold tank group are controlled to be connected to the charging airflow path for cold release, and the Z cold tanks without cold energy in the cold tank group are controlled to be connected to the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator for cold storage;

[0016] During discharge, the MZ cold tanks in the cold tank group that participate in releasing cold during charging are controlled to be connected to the discharge airflow path for cold storage, so that the M cold tanks are restored to have cold energy after the discharge is completed.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a liquid air energy storage system, which is applied to the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage system.

[0018] In some illustrative embodiments, the control device of the liquid air energy storage system includes:

[0019] A charging control module is used to control the M cold tanks in the cold tank group that have cold energy to be connected to the charging airflow path for cold release, and to control the Z cold tanks in the cold tank group that do not have cold energy to be connected to the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator for cold storage during charging;

[0020] The discharge control module is used to control the MZ cold tanks in the cold tank group that release cold during charging to be connected to the discharge airflow path for cold storage during discharge, so that the M cold tanks can be restored to have cold energy after the discharge is completed.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] In the embodiment of the present invention, a cold tank group consisting of multiple cold tanks is provided, and the number of cold tanks involved in charging and discharging in the cold tank group is strictly controlled. In conjunction with the full recovery of gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator during the charging process, the cold energy loss during the charging and discharging process is effectively reduced, the rate of cold energy quality degradation is reduced, and the charging and discharging efficiency and economic benefits of the liquid air energy storage system are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is an example of the structure of the liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cold tank group state before charging of the liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the charging airflow path and flow direction of the liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cold tank group state after the liquid air energy storage system is charged (before discharging begins) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the discharge airflow path and flow direction of the liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cold tank group state after the liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention has finished discharging (before charging begins);

[0030] Figure 7 This is an example of a process for controlling a liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a structural example of a control device for a liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] Liquid air tank LAD, cold tank group CDG, cold tank CD, hot tank HD, compressor C, expander E, cryogenic expander CE and liquid air separator LAS, cryogenic pump CP. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to explain the relevant content and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only portions relevant to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, the exemplary embodiments / examples shown are to be understood as providing exemplary features of various details of some ways in which the technical concept of the present invention can be implemented in practice. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the features of the various embodiments / examples may be further combined, separated, interchanged, and / or rearranged without departing from the technical concept of the present invention.

[0037] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a liquid air energy storage system, specifically, as Figure 1-6 As shown, Figure 1 This is an example of the structure of the liquid air energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2-6 3 is a schematic diagram of the states of the liquid air energy storage system in the charging start stage, charging process stage, and charging end stage in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, the dotted line path represents an open circuit, and the solid line path represents a connected circuit.

[0038] The liquid air energy storage system includes: a liquid air tank LAD, a cold tank group CDG, a hot tank HD, a compressor C, an expander E, a cryogenic expander CE, and a liquid air separator LAS; wherein the compressor C, the hot tank HD, the cold tank group CDG, the cryogenic expander CE, the liquid air separator LAS, and the liquid air tank LAD constitute a charging airflow path and flow direction, and the liquid air tank LAD, the cold tank group CDG, the hot tank HD, and the expander E constitute a discharging airflow path and flow direction;

[0039] See also Figure 3 During the charging process, the charging airflow path is open and the discharging airflow path is closed. The charging airflow flows from compressor C to hot tank HD to cold tank group CDG to cryogenic expander CE to liquid air separator LAS to liquid air tank LAD. Compressor C generates high-temperature and high-pressure air, which flows through hot tank HD for heat energy exchange, transferring the compression heat energy in the high-temperature and high-pressure air to hot tank HD. The normal-temperature and high-pressure air after heat exchange and cooling then flows through cold tank group CDG for cold energy exchange. The cold energy stored in cold tank group CDG further cools the normal-temperature and high-pressure air at this time and converts it into deep-cold high-pressure air. The deep-cold high-pressure air then undergoes adiabatic expansion in cryogenic expander CE to obtain a liquid air gas-liquid mixture. Finally, the liquid air is introduced into the liquid air tank LAD for storage through the liquid air separator LAS.

[0040] See also Figure 5 During the discharge process, the charging airflow path is closed and the discharging airflow path is opened. The discharging airflow direction is liquid air tank LAD → cold tank group CDG → hot tank HD → expander E. Liquid air is released from the liquid air tank LAD to achieve regasification of the liquid air. The regasified deep-cold high-pressure air flows through the cold tank group CDG for cold energy exchange, recovering the vaporization cold energy in the deep-cold high-pressure air, and converting the deep-cold high-pressure air into normal-temperature high-pressure air. At this time, the normal-temperature high-pressure air then passes through the hot tank HD for heat energy exchange, allowing the normal-temperature high-pressure air to absorb the heat energy stored in the hot tank HD to further heat up and expand, and finally perform work in the expander E to generate electricity;

[0041] In which, the cold tank group CDG is composed of N cold tanks CD in parallel, and each cold tank CD can be independently connected to the corresponding equipment in the charging airflow path and the discharging airflow path; during the charging process, M cold tanks CD have cold energy and participate in releasing cold, and the other Z cold tanks CD recover the gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator LAD (gas phase cold energy refers to the cold energy in the deep cold high-pressure air derived from the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator LAD from the liquid air gas-liquid mixture); during the discharging process, the MZ cold tanks CD participating in the cold release store cold, and the Z cold tanks recovered by the gas phase cold energy are accumulated to restore the M cold tanks CD to have cold energy, and this cycle is repeated; in which, N≥3, N>M>Z>0.

[0042] For example, Figure 2-5 As shown, the cold tank group CDG can be composed of 6 cold tanks CD (such as CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD6) connected in parallel. Before the charging process, see Figure 2 , of which 5 first cold tanks (CD1~CD5) are in deep cold state and have cold energy, and the remaining 1 second cold tank (CD6) is in normal temperature state; during the charging process, see Figure 3, the five first cold tanks (CD1~CD5) with cold energy participate in releasing cold. After fully exchanging cold energy with the normal temperature high pressure air, the cold energy of the five first cold tanks (CD1~CD5) is transferred to the high pressure air, and the first cold tanks themselves are transformed from deep cold to normal temperature. The second cold tank (CD6) which was previously at normal temperature is used to recover the gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator, so that the first cold tanks themselves are transformed from normal temperature to deep cold. After charging is completed, see Figure 4 , the five first cold tanks (CD1 ~ CD5) in the cold tank group are in room temperature state, and one second cold tank (CD6) is in deep cold state, which is maintained until the next discharge starts. During the discharge process, see Figure 5 , reduce the number of cold tanks involved in cold energy recovery, control 4 (CD1~CD4) of the 5 first cold tanks (CD1~CD5) that previously released cold energy during the charging process to recover cold energy from the regasified deep cold high pressure air, so that the battery can be transformed from a normal temperature state to a deep cold state, so that after the discharge is completed, Figure 6 The cold tank group has 4 cold tanks (CD1~CD4) that are converted into a cryogenic state by recovering the cold energy in the re-gasified cryogenic high-pressure air during this discharge process, and 1 cold tank (CD6) is converted into a cryogenic state by recovering the gas phase cold energy of the liquid air separator during the previous charging process. Then, the 5 cold tanks (CD1~CD4, CD6) return to a cryogenic state, and the 1 cold tank (CD5) is at room temperature, which is maintained until the next charging starts. At this point, the subsequent charging and discharging process can be repeated.

[0043] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are only for those skilled in the art to quickly understand the main ideas of the present application and should not limit the actual protection scope of the present application; as long as the above-mentioned quantity conditions of N≥3, N>M>Z>0 are met, the use of the liquid air energy storage system in the embodiment of the present application can be met.

[0044] In addition, the functions of "high temperature", "normal temperature" and "deep cold" in the embodiments of the present invention are mainly to distinguish the air states at different stages, and there is no limitation on their specific temperature values, as long as "high temperature" > normal temperature > deep cold is satisfied.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, firstly, the gas phase cold energy derived from the liquid air separator during the charging process is fully recovered, thereby effectively reducing the loss of cold energy; secondly, taking into account the loss in the cold energy transfer and exchange during the charging and discharging process, during the discharge process, a smaller number of cold tanks than those previously involved in the cold release are used to recover and store cold energy, thereby effectively controlling the quality of cold energy in each cold tank. Unlike the traditional single large-capacity cold tank mode, there will not be a problem of insufficient cold energy and the temperature inside the large-capacity tank body converging, which will cause the cold energy quality in the cold tank to be greatly reduced.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, a cold tank group consisting of multiple cold tanks is provided, and the number of cold tanks involved in charging and discharging in the cold tank group is strictly controlled. In conjunction with the full recovery of gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator during the charging process, the cold energy loss during the charging and discharging process is effectively reduced, the rate of cold energy quality degradation is reduced, and the charging and discharging efficiency and economic benefits of the liquid air energy storage system are improved.

[0047] In some embodiments, during the charging process, M cold tanks with cold energy participate in releasing cold energy simultaneously or sequentially in the charging airflow path, and Z cold tanks simultaneously or sequentially recover the gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator; during the discharging process, the MZ cold tanks participating in releasing cold energy can also store cold energy simultaneously or sequentially in the discharging airflow path.

[0048] In some embodiments, the air flow directions of the hot tank HD and each cold tank CD in the charging airflow path and the discharging airflow path are reversed to form a reused airflow path between the charging airflow path and the discharging airflow path.

[0049] For example, the hot tank HD has two airflow ports, HDa and HDb, while the cold tank CD has two airflow ports, CDa and CDb. The HDb port of the hot tank HD is connected to the CDa port of the cold tank CD. During charging, high-pressure air enters the hot tank HD's HDa port, exits through the HDb port, enters the CDa port of the cold tank CD, and then exits through the CDb port. During discharge, the airflow directions are reversed, with high-pressure air entering the CDb port of the cold tank CD, exiting through the CDa port, entering the HDb port of the hot tank HD, and then exiting through the HDa port.

[0050] In this embodiment, by designing a reused airflow path between the hot tank HD and the cold tank CD, the system structure can be effectively simplified, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved, and the equipment and assembly costs can be reduced.

[0051] In some embodiments, each cold tank in the embodiments of the present invention is provided with a pipeline extending through the tank body. A solid medium is accumulated in the tank body space between the inner wall of the cold tank and the outer wall of the pipeline. Normal temperature or cryogenic high-pressure air enters the pipeline space within the pipeline and exchanges cold energy with the solid medium through the pipeline wall. The pipeline has two ports for connecting to external equipment. The cold tank in this embodiment is connected to external equipment via the penetrating pipeline, such as a hot tank, the gas phase outlet of a liquid air separator, a cryogenic expander, a liquid air tank, etc.

[0052] Optionally, the solid medium can be one or more of natural rock, artificial stone, metal particles, and metal compound particles. Furthermore, the cold tank can be vacuum-enclosed, which, combined with the solid medium, can effectively reduce cold energy loss during storage and improve energy conversion efficiency.

[0053] The hot tanks in the embodiment of the present invention may also adopt the above-mentioned piping and heat exchange design, and there is no restriction on the number and connection structure of the hot tanks.

[0054] In some embodiments, the liquid air cold storage system may further include one or more valves for controlling the switching and conduction states of each cold tank in the cold tank group during charging and / or discharging. The valves are not limited to two-way, three-way, or other multi-way valves. The specific valve type, quantity, and installation location can be determined based on actual needs, as long as the aforementioned control of the cold tank group during charging and discharging is met in this application.

[0055] Illustratively, an embodiment of the present invention provides a valve body structure for use in a liquid air energy storage system, including: valve bodies V1 to V15; wherein, valve bodies V1 to V15 can optionally use three-way valves; wherein, valve bodies V1 to V6 can be respectively arranged between each cold tank CD and hot tank HD, and can be used to control the on-off state between each cold tank CD and hot tank HD; V7 to V12 are respectively arranged between each cold tank CD, liquid air tank LAD, cryogenic expander CE and liquid air separator LAS, and can realize the on-off state between the cold tank CD and the liquid air tank LAD (the on-off state between the cold tank CD and the cryogenic expander CE), as well as the on-off state between the cold tank CD and the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator LAS. state; the valve body V13 is arranged between the cold tank group CDG, the liquid air tank LAD and the low-temperature expander CE, and can realize the on-off state between the cold tank CD and the liquid air tank LAD (the on-off state between the cold tank CD and the low-temperature expander CE); the valve body V14 is arranged between the cold tank group CDG, the liquid air tank LAD and the liquid air separator LAS, and can realize the on-off state between the cold tank group CDG and the liquid air tank LAD, as well as the on-off state between the liquid air tank LAD and the liquid phase outlet of the liquid air separator LAS; the valve body V15 is arranged between the compressor C, the expander E and the hot tank HD, and can realize the on-off state between the hot tank HD and the compressor C, as well as the on-off state between the hot tank HD and the expander E.

[0056] The control of the on / off state during the charge and discharge process can be known through the dashed and solid line paths in the above embodiment, wherein the dashed line represents off and the solid line represents on, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be repeated here.

[0057] In some embodiments, the liquid air cold storage system may further include a cryopump CP located in the discharge airflow path, configured to pressurize liquid air from the liquid air tank LAD and deliver it to the cold tank group CDG. In this embodiment, the cryopump allows for rapid pressurization and vaporization of the liquid air during the discharge process, thereby improving system discharge efficiency.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a liquid air energy storage system, which can be applied to the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage system. Specifically, the control method for the liquid air energy storage system includes:

[0059] Step S11: During charging, M cold tanks in the cold tank group that have cold energy are controlled to be connected to the charging airflow path to release cold air, and Z cold tanks in the cold tank group that do not have cold energy are controlled to be connected to the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator to store cold air;

[0060] Step S12: During discharge, the MZ cold tanks in the cold tank group that release cold energy during charging are controlled to be connected to the discharge airflow path for cold storage, so that the M cold tanks are restored to have cold energy after discharge.

[0061] Among them, the control of the cold tank in the cold tank group to participate in the charging and discharging process can be controlled by the corresponding valve body to achieve the connection and closing of the pipeline. The specific valve body control is an existing technology and is not the focus of this application, so it will not be repeated here.

[0062] like Figure 8 As shown, another object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a liquid air energy storage system, which is applied to the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage system. Specifically, the control device for the liquid air energy storage system includes:

[0063] The charging control module 10 is used to control the M cold tanks in the cold tank group that have cold energy to be connected to the charging airflow path for cold release, and to control the Z cold tanks in the cold tank group that do not have cold energy to be connected to the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator for cold storage during charging;

[0064] The discharge control module 20 is used to control the MZ cold tanks in the cold tank group that release cold during charging to be connected to the discharge airflow path for cold storage during discharge, so that the M cold tanks can be restored to have cold energy after discharge.

[0065] The above initial states in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to help those skilled in the art to more quickly understand the main concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that in addition to the above initial conditions, other initial states may also be set.

Claims

1. A liquid air energy storage system, characterized in that: include: Liquid air tank, cold tank group, hot tank, compressor, expander, cryogenic expander and liquid air separator; wherein, the compressor, hot tank, cold tank group, cryogenic expander, liquid air separator and liquid air tank constitute the charging airflow path and flow direction, and the liquid air tank, cold tank group, hot tank and expander constitute the discharging airflow path and flow direction; In which, the cold tank group is composed of N cold tanks in parallel; during the charging process, M cold tanks have cold energy and participate in releasing cold, and the other Z cold tanks recover the gas phase cold energy from the liquid air separator; during the discharging process, the MZ cold tanks participating in releasing cold store cold, and the Z cold tanks recovering the gas phase cold energy are accumulated to restore the M cold tanks to have cold energy, and the cycle is repeated; in which, N≥3, N>M>Z>0.

2. The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the charging process, M cold tanks with cold energy simultaneously or sequentially release cold energy in the charging airflow path, and Z cold tanks simultaneously or sequentially recover gas-phase cold energy from the liquid air separator; During the discharge process, the MZ cold tanks involved in releasing cold store cold simultaneously or sequentially in the discharge airflow path.

3. The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold tank is provided with a pipeline running through the tank body, and a solid medium is accumulated in the tank body space between the inner wall of the cold tank and the outer wall of the pipeline. Normal temperature or deep cold high-pressure air enters the pipeline space inside the pipeline and exchanges cold energy with the solid medium through the pipe wall of the pipeline; wherein the pipeline is used for external communication.

4. The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solid medium is selected from one or more of natural rocks, artificial stones, metal particles, and metal compound particles.

5. The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tank space is in a vacuum environment.

6. The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: One or more valve bodies are used to control the switching and conduction state of each cold tank in the cold tank group during the charging process and / or the discharging process.

7. The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A cryogenic pump provided on the discharge air flow path is used to pressurize the liquid air from the liquid air tank and send it into the cold tank.

8. A control method for a liquid air energy storage system, characterized in that: The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 1 comprises: During charging, the M cold tanks with cold energy in the cold tank group are controlled to be connected to the charging airflow path for cold release, and the Z cold tanks without cold energy in the cold tank group are controlled to be connected to the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator for cold storage; During discharge, the MZ cold tanks in the cold tank group that participate in releasing cold during charging are controlled to be connected to the discharge airflow path for cold storage, so that the M cold tanks are restored to have cold energy after the discharge is completed.

9. A control device for a liquid air energy storage system, characterized in that: The liquid air energy storage system according to claim 1 comprises: A charging control module is used to control the M cold tanks in the cold tank group that have cold energy to be connected to the charging airflow path for cold release, and to control the Z cold tanks in the cold tank group that do not have cold energy to be connected to the gas phase outlet of the liquid air separator for cold storage during charging; The discharge control module is used to control the MZ cold tanks in the cold tank group that release cold during charging to be connected to the discharge airflow path for cold storage during discharge, so that the M cold tanks can be restored to have cold energy after the discharge is completed.

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