Radio frequency (RF) sensing and motion detection using a single chain

Abstract

In one aspect, a wireless device receives one or more sensing sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing groups. The wireless device determines one or more motion detection metrics. Each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets. The wireless device determines one or more measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric. The wireless device detects motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion magnitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

Description

[0001] Public background

[0002] Public domain

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to radio frequency (RF) sensing and, in some aspects, to motion detection using RF sensing.

[0004] Related technical description

[0005] RF sensing uses Wi-Fi signals (e.g., signals that follow the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard) to perform motion detection and tracking related functions (e.g., physical security, monitoring personnel to detect falls, monitoring sleeping people, etc.). Some applications for RF sensing, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), may use low-cost solutions where IoT devices have a single radio frequency (RF) chain. Phase-based motion detection uses multiple antennas. For this reason, single RF chain devices use amplitude-based motion detection. However, amplitude-based motion detection may be relatively inaccurate compared to phase-based motion detection because phase is more sensitive to motion than amplitude.

[0006] Overview

[0007] A simplified overview of one or more aspects disclosed herein is given below. As such, the following overview should neither be considered an exhaustive overview of all contemplated aspects, nor should the following overview be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the sole purpose of the following overview is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form prior to the detailed description given below.

[0008] In one aspect, a method includes receiving one or more sensing sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing groups. The method includes determining one or more motion detection metrics. Each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing groups for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets. The method includes determining one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric. The method includes detecting motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0009] In one aspect, a wireless device comprises: a memory; a communication interface; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the communication interface. The at least one processor is configured to receive one or more sensing sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing groups. The at least one processor is configured to determine one or more motion detection metrics. Each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets. The at least one processor is configured to determine one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric. The at least one processor is configured to detect motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0010] In one aspect, an apparatus includes means for receiving one or more sensing sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing groups. The apparatus includes means for determining one or more motion detection metrics. Each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets. The apparatus includes means for determining one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric. The apparatus includes means for detecting motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0011] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment, cause the user equipment to receive one or more sensing sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing groups. The instructions are further executable to determine one or more motion detection metrics. Each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets. The instructions are further executable to determine one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric. The instructions are further executable to detect motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0012] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings are provided to aid in describing various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided only to illustrate the various aspects and not to limit them. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure may be obtained by referring to the following detailed description when combined with the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the leftmost digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears. The same reference numbers in different drawings indicate similar or identical items.

[0015] Figure 1 An example motion sensing system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 2A Channel frequency response (CFR) phases of multiple tones are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 2B Amplitudes associated with multiple tones are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 3A Phase correlation between multiple groups when motion is not present in an area according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 3B The lack of phase correlation between multiple groups when motion is present in an area in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0020] Figure 4 An example is illustrated of a number of mean square errors (MSEs) exceeding a threshold when motion is present in an area according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 Example methods of detecting motion according to aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0022] Figure 6 A process including determining an amount of motion according to aspects of the present disclosure is explained.

[0023] Figure 7 An example process including determining a difference between a metric and a baseline in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0024] Figure 8 Example processes including performing actions associated with detecting motion in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0025] Fig. 9

[0013] A communication system implementing the processes described herein is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.10 and Fig.11 is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a wireless communication node and configured to support communications as described herein.

[0027] Detailed Description

[0028] Systems and techniques for accurate motion detection using a single radio frequency (RF) chain of a device are disclosed. An RF chain refers to a radio and associated components, such as, for example, a mixer, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). RF sensing (e.g., motion detection) typically uses phase-based detection with multiple RF chains because such systems can provide high accuracy. However, using devices with multiple chains is relatively expensive and may not be suitable for low-cost applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT) where RF sensing is performed by devices located at the edge of a network ("edge devices"). For example, in applications such as home or enterprise security systems, gaming, etc., edge devices can be used to detect motion in substantially real time.

[0029] Amplitude-based motion detection is not as accurate as phase-based motion detection because phase is more sensitive to motion than amplitude. Single-chain, phase-based motion sensing is subject to interference caused by sampling frequency offset (SFO), carrier frequency offset (CFO), timing synchronization error (TSE), or any combination thereof. Multi-chain devices can identify and remove interference (e.g., caused by SFO, CFO, and TSE) by determining the phase difference between the chains. CFO is caused by the difference between the local oscillators of the transmitter and receiver, which causes a phase rotation of the incoming in-phase and quadrature (I / Q) samples (e.g., in the time domain). SFO is a sampling effect that causes a phase rotation of the constellation points after a fast Fourier transform (FFT) (e.g., in the frequency domain).

[0030] The systems and techniques described herein can provide accurate motion sensing (e.g., motion detection) using a relatively low-cost, single-chain-based solution. For example, the systems and techniques can be deployed for the Internet of Things, edge devices, and the like. For single-chain devices, the phase difference between the tones is used to identify and remove interference caused by SFO, CFO, and TSE. For example, the tones can be consecutive tones, every Nth tone (N>0), tones with an amplitude greater than a threshold, tones selected based on another selection criterion, or any combination thereof. A single RF chain can receive multiple versions of the same signal, a first reflection of the signal, a second reflection of the signal, and the like. The systems and techniques determine the difference between the tones (e.g., subcarriers). If the difference is relatively small (e.g., less than a threshold), the systems and techniques can determine that motion is not present. If the difference is relatively large (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), the systems and techniques can determine that motion is present.

[0031] The system and technique can determine a baseline (BL) when motion is not present in the monitored area. The baseline can determine phase characteristics when there is no motion in the area for a specific period of time (e.g., between 2 seconds and 1 minute). The amount of time used to determine the BL may depend on the size of the area, the desired accuracy, how long the motion can stop in the area, and other factors. The BL can be determined periodically (e.g., at 3:00 a.m. every day) in response to a user request, based on another factor (e.g., after the motion is detected for more than a threshold amount of time), etc. After determining the BL, the BL can be saved. In the motion detection mode, the phase metric between the tones can be determined in substantially real time (e.g., less than 500 milliseconds (ms)) and compared to the BL in real time to determine the presence or absence of motion in the area where the motion is being monitored. Before determining the BL, the single RF chain device can perform a countdown (visually, audibly, or both) to enable the user to remove objects (e.g., users, pets, children, etc.) that can move from the area being monitored. The BL can include phase characteristics of the RF signal when motion is not present in the monitored area and can be saved in a storage location accessible to the monitoring device.

[0032] When an area is being monitored for motion, the phase difference between the tones can be determined and summed for comparison with the BL. Although the following example illustrates the use of phase differences between adjacent tones to detect motion, it should be understood that non-adjacent tones can also be used to detect motion. At 20 megahertz (MHz), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard specifies 52 tones. In this example, a device performing RF sensing can determine 51 phase differences between 52 adjacent tones. When motion is not present in the monitored area, the signal correlation between adjacent tones is relatively small, resulting in a relatively small phase difference between adjacent tones. When motion is present in the monitored area, the signal correlation between adjacent tones is small, resulting in a relatively large phase difference between adjacent tones. The amount of motion present in the monitored area can be determined by calculating the mean square error (MSE) of the phase difference between adjacent tones. MSE measures the average square difference (e.g., deviation) between the phases of adjacent tones.

[0033] One or more thresholds may be used to classify the amount of motion identified in the monitored area. For example, an MSE value less than a first threshold may be classified as no motion. An MSE value greater than the first threshold but less than a second threshold may be classified as slight motion or may be further processed (e.g., using a machine learning algorithm executed on a server) to determine whether the motion is classified as no motion, slight motion, or significant motion. An MSE value greater than or equal to the second threshold may be classified as significant motion. It should be understood that the various aspects disclosed may include more intermediate thresholds between the slight motion (first) threshold and the significant motion (second) threshold, so the terms "first" and "second" do not mean that there may be only two thresholds in each aspect. Of course, in some cases, a single threshold (e.g., a second threshold) may be used to determine whether motion is absent (e.g., MSE < threshold) or present (MSE ≥ threshold).

[0034] In this way, a single RF chain device (e.g., IOT device, edge device, etc.) can determine the MSE of the phase difference between tones (e.g., carriers) to determine the presence or absence of motion in an area. Applications may include physical security, monitoring children, monitoring adults, monitoring pets, gaming, etc. By using phase differences, motion detection accuracy can be significantly improved compared to using amplitude differences, thereby providing a low-cost and accurate motion sensing solution for single RF chain devices.

[0035] Various aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings for various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, well-known elements in the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid obscuring the relevant details of the present disclosure.

[0036] The words "example" and / or "exemplary" are used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "example" and / or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Likewise, the term "aspects of the disclosure" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the intended design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0038] In addition, many aspects are described in the form of a sequence of actions performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by a dedicated circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of the two. In addition, the sequence of actions described herein may be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transient computer-readable storage medium, which stores a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, will cause or instruct the associated processor of the device to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in several different forms, all of which have been conceived to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each aspect described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0039] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "base station" are not intended to be dedicated to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a tracking device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) head-mounted device, etc.), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. The UE can be mobile or can be stationary (e.g., at certain times) and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" can be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT", "client device", "wireless device", "subscriber equipment", "subscriber terminal", "subscriber station", "user terminal" or UT, "mobile device", "mobile terminal", "mobile station", or variations thereof. In general, a UE can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (eg, based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, etc.), and so on.

[0040] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs to communicate with a UE, depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access by a UE, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide pure edge node signaling functions, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link by which a UE may send an RF signal to a base station is referred to as an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link by which a base station may send an RF signal to a UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0041] The term "base station" may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or may refer to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of a base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be a serving base station that receives measurement reports from a UE and a neighbor base station whose reference RF signal (or simply "reference signal") the UE is measuring. Since the TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmissions from or receptions at a base station should be understood as references to the specific TRP of that base station.

[0042] In some implementations supporting UE positioning, the base station may not support wireless access for the UE (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections with respect to the UE), but may instead transmit reference signals to be measured by the UE to the UE, and / or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning tower (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a position measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0043] "RF signal" includes electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, the receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, RF signals may also be referred to as "wireless signals", "radio waves", "waveforms", etc., or simply as "signals", where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to wireless signals or RF signals.

[0044] Figure 1An example motion sensing system 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In the system 100, a device 102 may include a transmit (Tx) module 104 and a receive (Rx) module 106. The transmit module 104 and the receive module 106 may use at least one radio frequency (RF) chain 108. The RF chain 108 may include, for example, a low noise amplifier (LNA), one or more bandpass filters (BPF), an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), or any combination thereof. The device 102 may include one or more processors 153 capable of executing instructions and data stored in a memory 155. The transmit module 104 may use a Tx antenna 110 to transmit one or more Tx packets 116. The receive module 106 may use an Rx antenna 114 to receive one or more Rx packets 118. In aspects where the device 102 includes a single RF chain 108, the device 102 may be referred to as a "single-chain device". However, it should be understood that in some aspects, the device 102 may include multiple RF chains. When the device 102 includes multiple chains, one chain is used for RF sensing while the other RF chains are used to provide data communication services. For example, a first RF chain may be used for RF sensing and motion detection on a first channel, while a second RF chain may be used to provide data communication services on a second channel at the same time. In addition, technologies such as single-band synchronization (SBS), dual-band synchronization (DBS), multi-link operation (MLO), etc. support the use of two chains to operate on two different channels simultaneously. In some aspects, a first device may transmit packets while a second device receives packets and performs motion sensing. In some aspects, single-base sensing may be used, where a dual-chain device uses a first chain to transmit packets and a second chain to receive packets and perform RF sensing.

[0045] Rx packets 118 may include N groups of packets (N>0), such as sensing sets 117-1 to 117-N. Each sensing set 117 may include M packets (M>0). For example, each of the sensing sets 117 may include packets 119-1 to 119-M.

[0046] The device 102 may monitor the area 152 to determine whether motion is present in the area 152. For example, an object 120 located at a first position 122 at a first time 124 may experience motion 154 such that the object 120 is located at a second position 126 at a second time 128, wherein the first position 122 is different from the second position 126, and wherein the second time 128 is after the first time 124. The device 102 may monitor the area 152 by transmitting Tx packets 116 and receiving Rx packets 118.

[0047] During a time period between the first time 124 and the second time 128, the device 102 may transmit Tx packets 116 and receive Rx packets 118. The receiving module 106 may convert the Rx packets 118 into a received signal 130. In some aspects, the device 102 may use a phase-based comparison 132 to determine the difference in the phase of the frequency tone (e.g., carrier) of the received signal 130 from the baseline metric 136 to determine the difference 138. In other aspects, the device 102 may use a phase-based comparison 132 to compare the difference in the phase of the Tx packets 116 at the first time 124 with the phase of the Tx packets 116 at the second time 128 to determine the difference 138 (e.g., the phase difference between the first set of packets and the second set of packets sent after the first set of packets). If the difference 138 meets a first threshold in the thresholds 140, the motion 154 may be classified as light motion. If the difference 138 meets a second threshold in the thresholds 140, the motion 154 may be classified as significant motion. If difference 138 fails to satisfy any of thresholds 140, device 102 may determine that no motion is present in region 152. If a single one of thresholds 140 is used, then if phase difference 138 between received signal 130 and baseline metric 136 fails to satisfy threshold 140, device 102 may determine that no motion is present in region 152. If phase difference 138 between received signal 130 and baseline metric 136 satisfies threshold 140, device 102 may determine that motion 154 is present in region 152.

[0048] When motion is not present in the area 152 being monitored for motion, the device 102 may determine a baseline metric 136. The baseline metric 136 may include phase characteristics associated with the Rx packets 118 received when there is no motion in the area 152 for a specific time period (e.g., between 2 seconds and 1 minute). The amount of time used to determine the baseline metric 136 may depend on the size of the area 152, the required accuracy, how long the motion can stop in the area 152, and other factors. The baseline metric 136 may be determined periodically (e.g., every day at 3:00 a.m.) in response to a user request, after motion is detected within at least a threshold time interval, or any combination thereof. For example, if the device 102 determines that the motion 154 occurs for at least a threshold amount of time (e.g., the difference between the second time 128 and the first time 124 is greater than or equal to a threshold), the device 102 may automatically determine the baseline metric 136 when the motion 154 is not present in the area 152.

[0049] After the device 102 determines the baseline metric 136, the device 102 can save the baseline metric 136 for use in detecting motion 154 in the area 152. In the motion detection mode, a phase metric between tones of the Rx packets 118 can be determined substantially in real time (e.g., less than 500 milliseconds (ms)) and compared to the baseline metric 136 in real time to determine the presence or absence of motion 154 in the area 152 being monitored.

[0050] Prior to determining the baseline metric, the device 102 may perform a countdown (visually, audibly, or both) to enable the user to remove objects capable of motion (e.g., users, pets, children, etc.) from the monitored area 152. The baseline metric 136 may include phase characteristics of an RF signal (e.g., a Wi-Fi signal) when motion 154 is not present in the monitored area 152, such as a phase difference between multiple tones, and may be saved in a memory location accessible to the device 102. To determine the baseline metric 136, a number of packets (P) 159 may be transmitted, each of which is sent at a time interval (T) separated by 158 milliseconds. Both P 159 and T 158 are programmable. For example, P 159 and T 158 may be set to a default value during manufacturing and may be modified by the user. The Tx packets 116 may be transmitted at a programmable time interval (such as between about 1 millisecond (ms) and about 100 ms). For example, for a T=10 ms interval, a first Tx packet 116 may be sent, a second Tx packet 116 may be sent 10 ms later, a third Tx packet 116 may be sent 10 ms later, and so on until all packets have been sent (e.g., transmitted). The number of packets P 159 to be transmitted may vary depending on the desired accuracy, the size of the area 152, the amount of time that a moving object may be excluded from the area 152, etc. For example, P=1200 and T=50 ms take 1 minute to determine the baseline metric 136. As another example, P=100 and T=100 ms take 10 seconds to determine the baseline metric 136. As a further example, P=200 and T=10 ms take 2 seconds to determine the baseline metric 136. Thus, P may vary between approximately 100 and approximately 1500 packets.

[0051] The device 102 may be connected to the server 142 via one or more networks 144. If the difference 138 between the received signal 130 and the baseline metric 136 satisfies the first of the thresholds 140 but fails to satisfy the second of the thresholds 140, in some cases, the device 102 may send data 146 to the server 142 for further analysis. For example, the data 146 may include the received signal 130, the baseline metric 136, the difference 138, the threshold 140, additional data, or any combination thereof. The server 142 may use an analysis module 148 to analyze the data 146. For example, the analysis module 148 may use machine learning (such as a classifier (for example, a support vector machine (SVM) or another classifier)) to classify the data 146 as predicting no motion, a small amount of motion, or significant motion. The server 142 may send the results 150 of the analysis module 148 to the device 102. For example, if phase-based comparison 132 indicates that difference 138 satisfies a first one of thresholds 140 but fails to satisfy a second one of thresholds 140, device 102 may send data 146 to server 142 for further analysis. Server 142 may use analysis module 148 to determine based on data 146 whether the data indicates the presence of motion 154 or the absence of motion 154, and send result 150 to device 102, and may optionally send instructions 178 to perform additional actions 176 determined by server 142.

[0052] If the device 102 detects motion 154 in the area 152 being monitored, the device 102 may perform one or more actions 180, such as sending a message to a device (e.g., a user device, a device of an alarm monitoring company, or the like) indicating that motion 154 has been detected, activating an audible alarm, or performing another action. For example, a pet owner may get a notification on the device indicating that the pet has generated motion 154 in the area 152. As another example, a medical professional may receive a notification that a patient has generated motion 154 in the area 152. As yet another example, a parent may receive a notification that a child has generated motion 154 in the area 152.

[0053] To reduce false positives, in some cases, phase-based comparison 132 may determine a phase difference between an individual packet and baseline metric 136. Phase-based comparison 132 may determine that motion 154 is present after determining that a certain percentage (e.g., 80%, 90%, 95%, etc.) of the packets differ from baseline metric 136 by more than a predetermined one of thresholds 140.

[0054] Thus, a wireless device (such as device 102) detects motion 154 (e.g., movement) in area 152. For example, wireless device 102 receives one or more sensing sets 117-1 to 117-N. Each sensing set 117 has one or more sensing groups 119-1 to 119-M. Device 102 determines one or more motion detection metrics 156. Each of the motion detection metrics 156 is based on a phase difference between the tones of a group 118 (e.g., a sensing group) for each of the one or more sensing sets 117. Device 102 determines one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 based on a comparison of each motion detection metric 156 for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets 117 with a baseline metric 136. Detecting motion 154 can be based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 exceeding a first motion threshold of threshold 140. One or more sensing sets 117 include a first sensing set 117-1. The first sensing set 117-1 includes one or more first sensing groups 119. Determining one or more motion detection metrics may include determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference 138 between tones of one or more first sensing packets 119. Determining one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 may include determining a first measured motion magnitude (of magnitude 161) based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric (of motion detection metric 156) with the baseline metric 136. Device 102 may detect motion 154 based on the first measured motion magnitude (of magnitude 161) exceeding a first motion threshold (of threshold 140).

[0055] The baseline metric 136 is based on a phase difference between the tones of one or more previously received packets (of Rx packets 118) received by the first receiver link of the RF chain 108. In some cases, one or more previously received packets are received immediately before one or more sensing packets. For example, a packet in the sensing set 117-1 may be received immediately before a packet in the sensing set 117-N (e.g., N=2). In some cases, one or more previously received packets may be packets received when no motion exists (e.g., motion 154 does not exist). In some cases, the device 102 may receive a confirmation via the user interface 162 of the device 102 to establish that no motion exists. In some cases, the device 102 may periodically trigger the acquisition of one or more previously received packets. For example, one or more previously received packets may be received based on a predetermined time of day (e.g., 2:00 a.m.). The device 102 may update the baseline metric 136 with the phase difference between the tones from the one or more sensing packets when motion 154 is not detected.

[0056] The device 102 may establish a temporary baseline metric 137 based on a phase difference between the tones from one or more sensing packets 119 when motion 154 is detected. The device 102 may receive one or more subsequent sensing packets 119 on the first receiver chain 108, determine a subsequent motion detection metric 156 based on the phase difference between the tones of the one or more subsequent sensing packets 119, determine a subsequent motion amplitude (of amplitude 161) based on a comparison of the subsequent motion detection metric 156 and the temporary baseline metric 137, and detect a change in the environment based on the subsequent motion amplitude (of amplitude 161) not exceeding the first motion threshold (of threshold 140). The device 102 may update the baseline metric 136 to the temporary baseline metric 137 when a change in the environment is detected.

[0057] In some cases, device 102 may send data 146 and a timestamp 164 associated with data 146 to server 142 for further analysis. For example, data 146 may include at least one of: channel state information (CSI), channel frequency response (CFR), channel impulse response (CIR), signal strength indicator, automatic gain control (AGC) setting, or any combination thereof. Device 102 may receive results 150 from server 142, and results 150 may include additional information about measured motion 154. For example, the additional information in results 150 may include at least one of: confirmation that motion 154 was detected, identification of a source of motion 154, or classification of motion 154 (e.g., no motion, mild motion, or significant motion).

[0058] The device 102 may transmit the packet 116 (e.g., a sensing packet) before receiving the packet 118. For example, the device 102 may transmit the packet 116 (e.g., a sensing packet) using a first transmit chain of the RF chain 108. In some cases, the device 102 may have a single RF chain. As another example, the device 102 may transmit the packet 116 (e.g., a sensing packet) using a second RF chain of the RF chain 108.

[0059] The comparison of each motion detection metric 156 for each sensing set 117 in the one or more sensing sets 117 with the baseline metric 136 may include determining a mean square error of a phase difference between the motion detection metric 156 and the baseline metric 136. The comparison of each motion detection metric 156 for each sensing set 117 in the one or more sensing sets 117 with the baseline metric 136 may include determining a correlation of a phase difference 138 between the motion detection metric 156 and the baseline metric 136.

[0060] Device 102 may classify motion 154 as significant motion based on one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 exceeding a second motion threshold (of threshold 140). Device 102 may classify motion 154 as mild motion based on one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 not exceeding a second motion threshold (of threshold 140). For example, the second motion threshold may be greater than the first motion threshold. The first motion threshold (of threshold 140) is based on at least one of: a percentage of a maximum expected value for one or more measured motion magnitudes 161, a multiple of an average value for one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 when no motion is detected, or a predetermined amplitude value.

[0061] In some cases, the device 102 may receive a plurality of sensing sets 117 of one or more sensing packets 119 on a first receiver chain of the RF chain 108, determine a plurality of motion detection metrics 156 based on phase differences between tones of the one or more sensing packets 119 for each of the sensing sets 117, determine a plurality of measured motion magnitudes 161 based on a comparison of the motion detection metric 156 for each of the sensing sets 117 with the baseline metric 136, and detect motion 154 based on at least a portion of the plurality of measured motion magnitudes 161 exceeding a motion threshold of the threshold 140. For example, the portion may be at least one of: at least j of k consecutive measured motion magnitudes in the plurality of measured motion magnitudes exceeding the motion threshold, or greater than a predetermined percentage of the plurality of measured motion magnitudes exceeding the motion threshold.

[0062] Thus, the device can send and receive packets in accordance with the 802.11 standard. The device can perform a phase-based comparison of (i) the MSE of the phase difference of the frequency tone in the received signal and (ii) the MSE of the phase difference of the frequency tone of the baseline. The baseline is determined based on the signal received during a time period when motion is not present in the area being monitored by the device. If the phase-based difference between the received signal and the baseline signal meets a threshold, the device can determine that motion is present in the area. If the difference between the phase of the received signal and the phase of the baseline signal fails to meet a threshold, the device can determine that motion is not present in the area (e.g., no motion exists).

[0063] Technical advantages of system 100 include enabling a single RF chain of a device (e.g., IoT device, edge device, etc.) to determine the presence or absence of motion in an area. Applications of this technical advantage include physical security, monitoring children, monitoring adults, monitoring pets, gaming, etc. By using phase differences, motion detection accuracy can be significantly improved compared to using amplitude differences, thereby providing a low-cost and accurate motion sensing solution for a single RF chain device.

[0064] Figure 2AThe channel frequency response (CFR) phase of multiple frequency tones according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In Figure 2, the frequency tone index 202 for N frequency tones (N>0) is on the x-axis and the CFR phase 204 is on the y-axis. Figure 2 illustrates determining the phase difference (Δ) between adjacent frequency tones. For example, Δij = group i in the moving window, determine | phase (frequency tone_j) - phase (frequency tone_j+1), for example, determine the absolute value of the phase difference between two frequency tones j and frequency tone j+1. Thus, for group i, the phase array of the phase difference between adjacent frequency tones is determined:

[0065] phase_arr[i]=[Δi1,Δi2,Δi3,Δi4,...ΔiN-3,ΔiN-2,ΔiN-1]

[0066] although Figure 2A Determining differences between adjacent tones is explained, in some cases, differences between pairs of non-adjacent tones may be determined. Tone pairs may be selected using various techniques, such as every Mth tone (M>0), tones with amplitudes greater than a threshold, tones selected based on another selection criterion, or any combination thereof.

[0067] Figure 2B 206. In some cases, the amplitudes associated with multiple tones are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Each of the tones 1 through N may have an associated amplitude 206. Figure 1 The tones of the one or more sensing groups 119 may include at least two non-adjacent tones (e.g., tones 1 and 3). In some cases, tones 1 through N are selected from tones having an amplitude greater than the amplitude threshold 208. For example, the amplitude threshold 208 may be based on at least one of the following: a percentage of the maximum amplitude of the tones of the one or more sensing groups (e.g., in Figure 2B , tone N-1 has the largest amplitude), a multiple of the minimum amplitude of the tone of one or more sensing packets (e.g., Figure 2B , tone 1 has the smallest amplitude), an average 210 of the amplitudes of the tones of one or more sensing groups, or a predetermined amplitude value 212.

[0068] Figure 3A Phase correlation between multiple groups when motion is not present in an area according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 3A, frequency tone 302 (e.g., carrier) is on the x-axis and phase difference 304 is on the y-axis. For example, at 20 MHz, the IEEE 802.11 standard specifies 52 frequency tones. Of course, other frequencies may use a different number of frequency tones. By comparing two of the frequency tones (such as adjacent frequency tones), various types of interference (such as sampling frequency offset (SFO), carrier frequency offset (CFO), and timing synchronization error (TSE)) can be identified and eliminated because the interference is common to each of the frequency tones 302. Figure 3A and Figure 3B Illustrated is a tone 302 with interference (CFO, SFO, TSE) removed.

[0069] Figure 3A The different lines in FIG. 3 correspond to different groups 301 - 1 , 301 - 2 , 301 - 3 , 301 - 4 (collectively referred to as group 301 ). When there is no motion 306 , there is a strong phase correlation across groups 301 , resulting in a low (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold) phase difference between groups 301 , such as Figure 3A Explained.

[0070] Figure 3B The lack of phase correlation between multiple groups when motion is present in an area in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. When motion 308 is present, there is less phase correlation across groups 301 (e.g., compared to when no motion is present), resulting in high (e.g., greater than a threshold) phase differences between groups 301, such as Figure 3B The mean square error (MSE) of the phase difference 304 may be determined to enable motion to be easily detected.

[0071] Figure 4 An example is illustrated in which a value of a mean square error (MSE) of a phase difference exceeds a threshold value when motion exists in a region according to aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 4 The MSE of the phase difference between different groups is explained as being related to the presence and amount of motion. Figure 4 , the sample number 402 is on the x-axis and the MSE is on the y-axis. The MSE 404 of the phase difference does not exceed a first MSE threshold 406 when no motion 306 is present (or may rarely exceed that threshold). When motion 308 is present, the MSE 404 of the phase difference begins to increase above the first threshold 406 (indicating at least slight motion). When the MSE 404 of the phase difference increases above a second threshold 408, then the MSE 404 indicates that a significant amount of motion is present. For purposes of interpretation, Figure 4, the first threshold 406 is about 0.5 and the second threshold 408 is about 0.1. In some aspects, the thresholds 406, 408 can have different values ​​selected based on the size of the area being monitored, the desired motion detection accuracy, the characteristics of the area being monitored (e.g., sparsely populated or densely populated), the average amount of motion occurring in the area, or any combination thereof. Thus, Figure 4 The MSE 404, which illustrates the phase difference between grouped tones (e.g., adjacent tones), can be used to detect the presence of motion and the amount of motion present. The MSE 404 can be used to make the phase difference easier to identify. Of course, in addition to the MSE 404, other techniques can also be used to determine the deviation. For example, an accumulated error greater than a threshold, an average error greater than a threshold, a median error greater than a threshold, or similar techniques can be used to determine whether the phase difference indicates the presence of motion.

[0072] Additionally, it should be understood that detecting the presence of motion 308 can be performed based on individual samples / packets. However, in other aspects, samples or packets can be combined into one or more sensing sets or sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing packets. One or more motion detection metrics are each based on a phase difference between frequency tones of one or more sensing packets for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets. One or more measured motion amplitudes (e.g., MSE404 amplitudes) are based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric. Motion 308 is detected based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold. For example, as Figure 4As illustrated in , samples 0 to 399 may represent a first motion determination sensing set (MSE 404 magnitude) for associated sensing packets received by the wireless device. Samples 400 to 799 may represent a second motion determination sensing set (MSE 404 magnitude) for associated sensing packets received by the wireless device. Because no measured motion magnitude (MSE 404) exceeds the first motion threshold 406, a no motion 306 determination is made for the first group. However, it should be understood that even if a small percentage exceeds the first threshold 406, no motion 306 may still be indicated because the portion of the measured motion magnitude is not sufficient to trigger a motion detection determination. However, because a portion of the measured motion magnitude (MSE 404) exceeds the first motion threshold 406, a motion 308 determination is made for the second group. It should be understood that even if a small percentage does not exceed the first threshold 406, as illustrated, motion 308 is still indicated because the portion of the measured motion magnitude is sufficient to trigger a motion detection determination. It should be understood that various aspects allow for the portion to be determined in any number of ways. For example, a portion may be determined as at least j of k consecutive measured motion amplitudes among a plurality of measured motion amplitudes exceeding a motion threshold (e.g., a first threshold 406), where j is an integer and k is an integer greater than j. Accordingly, if there is a concentration of measured motion amplitudes within a group, motion 308 may be detected even if a majority of the measured motion amplitudes do not indicate motion. In other aspects, a portion may be determined as the measured motion amplitudes exceeding a motion threshold (e.g., a first threshold 406) being greater than a predetermined percentage. In still other aspects, a portion may be weighted based on the sum or other weighting of the measured motion amplitudes. This will allow indications of significant motion (e.g., exceeding a second threshold 408) to have a greater influence on the determination of motion 308. Additionally, these considerations may be used to classify motion 308 as mild motion or significant motion. For example, if Figure 4 , a substantial portion of the measured motion magnitude (MSE 404) exceeds a second threshold 408. Accordingly, motion 308 can be further classified as significant motion. It should be understood that the various aspects disclosed are not limited to these examples, which are provided merely to help illustrate and explain some of the various aspects disclosed. For example, as discussed herein, the groupings can be different, and the groupings of the groups can be dynamic based on the measured conditions. For example, the groupings can be dynamically determined based on the measured motion magnitude exceeding a first threshold, and then a predetermined number of samples are included in the group to determine whether the group will indicate motion, slight motion, or significant motion based on the portion exceeding each threshold, as discussed herein.

[0073] exist Figure 5 , 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, each box represents one or more operations that can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In the context of software, these boxes represent computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform the operations. In general, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, modules, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific functions or implement specific abstract data types. The order in which the boxes are described is not intended to be understood as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or performed in parallel to implement the processes. For discussion purposes, reference is made to the above-described Figure 1 , 2, 3 and 4 are used to describe the methods / processes 500, 600, 700 and 800, although other models, frameworks, systems and environments may be used to implement the methods / processes 500, 600, 700 and 800.

[0074] Figure 5 An example method 500 for detecting motion according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The method 500 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) such as Figure 1 The wireless device 102) is used to detect motion.

[0075] At 502, the wireless device receives one or more sensing sets. Each sensing set has one or more sensing groups. Figure 1 , device 102 receives Rx packet 118 including sensing set 7, wherein each sensing set in sensing set 117 includes sensing packet 119. In an aspect, 502 may be performed by one or more components of device 102, such as, for example, processor 153, memory 155, and RF chain(s) 108, any or all of which may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0076] At 504, the wireless device determines one or more motion detection metrics. Each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing packets for each sensing set in one or more sensing sets. Figure 1 504, the device 102 determines one or more motion detection metrics 156. Each of the motion detection metrics 156 is based on a phase difference between tones of one or more sensing groups 119 for each of the one or more sensing sets 117. In an aspect, 504 may be performed by one or more components of the device 102, such as, for example, the processor 153, the memory 155, and the RF chain(s) 108, any or all of which may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0077] At 506, the wireless device determines one or more measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric. Figure 1 5, device 102 determines one or more measured motion magnitudes 161 based on a comparison of each motion detection metric 156 for each sensing set in one or more sensing sets 117 with the baseline metric 136. In one aspect, 506 may be performed by one or more components of device 102, such as, for example, processor 153, memory 155, and receiving module 106, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0078] At 508, the wireless device detects motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion magnitudes exceeding a first motion threshold. Figure 1 , device 102 detects motion 154 in area 152 based on measured motion amount 157 exceeding one of thresholds 140. In an aspect, 508 may be performed by one or more components of device 102, such as, for example, processor 153, memory 155, and RF chain(s) 108, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0079] At least one technical advantage of method 500 includes enabling a single RF chain of a device (e.g., an IOT device, an edge device, etc.) to determine the presence or absence of motion in an area. Various applications may use this and other aspects of the present disclosure, including physical security, monitoring children, monitoring adults, monitoring pets, gaming, and the like. By using phase differences, motion detection accuracy can be significantly improved compared to using amplitude differences, thereby providing a low-cost and accurate motion sensing solution for single RF chain devices. In addition, further technical advantages can be achieved by using both phase differences and amplitude differences to further refine the detection of the presence or absence of motion in the monitored area. In addition, using a single chain for motion detection enables the use of low-cost devices (such as IOT devices).

[0080] Figure 6 A process 600 including determining one of the motion detection metrics 156 according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process 600 may be performed by Figure 1 The phase-based comparison 132 is performed.

[0081] At 602, for packet i, the phase difference Δ between adjacent tones j and j+1 ij It is determined that:

[0082] Δ ij = Phase (Tone(j) - Tone(j+1))

[0083] Each specific frequency has an associated number of tones. For example, at 20Mhz there are 52 (e.g., N=52) tones. In one aspect, 602 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all components may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0084] Thus, at 20Mhz, 51 phase differences are determined, from which a phase array is created at 604:

[0085] phase_array[i]=[Δ i ,Δ j+1 ,…Δ N-1 ]

[0086] In one aspect, 604 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered as means for performing the operation. At 606, a second phase array ("g") is determined. The second phase array may be determined for a baseline (e.g., Figure 1 Baseline metrics 136):

[0087]

[0088] At 606, for i=1 to M BL The sum (Σ) of each phase_array[i] is determined, where M BL is used to determine the baseline metric 136 and then divide the sum by M BL To determine the number of groups of the array g having N-1 elements. In one aspect, 606 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, where any or all components may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0089] At 608, the motion detection array f(t) is determined by determining the number of pixels from i=1 to i=M. MD The sum of the phase_array[ti] is determined, where M MD is the number of packets used for motion detection. Then divide the sum by M MD To determine the array f(t) with N-1 elements:

[0090]

[0091] In one aspect, 608 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered as means for performing the operation. MD= 1, process 600 may use a single packet to determine f(t), and compare the current f(t) to the previous packet f(t-1) using mean square error (MSE) at 610 to calculate the amount of motion:

[0092]

[0093] In one aspect, 610 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all components may be considered as means for performing the operation. At 612, a determination is made whether the amount of motion is greater than a threshold amount. In one aspect, 612 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all components may be considered as means for performing the operation. If a determination is made at 612 that the amount of motion is less than or equal to the threshold, then process 600 determines at 616 that no motion exists. In one aspect, 616 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all components may be considered as means for performing the operation. If a determination is made at 612 that the amount of motion is greater than the threshold, then process 600 determines at 614 that motion exists. In an aspect, 614 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered a means for performing the operation.

[0094] Thus, a baseline is established when no motion exists in the area. The baseline is an array of average phase differences between adjacent frequency tones when motion does not exist in the area. The size of the baseline array is based on the number of groups used to establish the baseline. When the area is being monitored to detect motion, a motion detection array including the average phase difference between adjacent frequency tones is determined. The size of the motion detection array is based on the number of groups used to detect motion. The MSE of the difference between the motion detection array and the baseline array or an array associated with a previous set of groups is determined. If the MSE is relatively small (e.g., fails to meet a threshold), the device monitoring the area can determine that no motion exists in the area. If the MSE is relatively large (e.g., meets a threshold), the device monitoring the area can determine that motion exists in the area.

[0095] The Wi-Fi standard specifies 20MHz, 40MHz, 80Mhz, 160Mhz, and 320MHz bandwidths. Although wider bandwidths provide higher accuracy, wider bandwidths also consume more power. For this reason, 20Mhz is used in this article. However, it should be understood that a wider bandwidth than 20Mhz can be used. Typically, the transmit power is proportional to the bandwidth to maintain the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For example, 40MHz Tx power usage is twice that of 20MHz (3dB higher), and 80MHz power usage is four times that of 20MHz (e.g., 6dB higher).

[0096] The number of tones is a function of both the bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320 MHz) and the preamble type (802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be). For example, 802.11a 20 MHz has 52 tones, 802.11n / ac 20 MHz has 56 tones, and 802.11ax has 60 tones for 1x long training field (LTF), 122 tones for 2xLTF, and 242 tones for 4LTF. 802.11a 40 / 80 / 160 MHz is a linear scale of 20 MHz tones. 802.11n / ac 40 MHz has 114 tones and 802.11ac 80 MHz has 242 tones.

[0097] To determine the baseline (e.g. Figure 1 The baseline metric 136) of the group M BL The number of packets and the time intervals during which packets are sent and received can be varied based on the desired accuracy, the amount of time, and other factors that may be used to determine the baseline. For example, 1200 packets, each sent at intervals of 50 milliseconds (ms), achieve a baseline determination within 1 minute. As another example, 100 packets sent at intervals of 100 ms are used to achieve a baseline determination within 10 seconds. As yet another example, 200 packets sent at intervals of 10 ms are used to achieve a baseline determination within 2 seconds.

[0098] Technical advantages of process 600 include enabling a single RF chain of a device (e.g., an IoT device, an edge device, etc.) to determine the presence or absence of motion in an area. By using phase differences, motion detection accuracy can be significantly improved compared to using amplitude differences, thereby providing a low-cost and accurate motion sensing solution for single RF chain devices.

[0099] Figure 7 An example process 700 including determining a baseline according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, the process 700 may be performed by Figure 1 The device 102 executes to determine the baseline metric 136.

[0100] At 702, the process can perform a countdown before determining a baseline metric. Figure 1 , device 102 may provide an auditory countdown (e.g., "10, 9, 8 ... 1. Starting to determine the baseline now"), a visual countdown, or both, before determining the baseline metric 136. The countdown may enable a user to remove objects capable of movement from area 152. In this way, area 152 may be clear of objects that may be moved during the time period when the baseline metric 136 is being determined. In one aspect, 702 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered to be a means for performing the operation.

[0101] At 704, the process may determine a baseline metric during a time period in which motion is not present in the monitored area. In one aspect, 704 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all components may be considered as a means for performing the operation. At 706, the process may store the baseline metric. For example, Figure 1 , after the countdown, the device 102 may transmit Tx packets 116 and receive Rx packets 118 during a specific time period. The device may use the Rx packets 118 to determine the received signal 130 and determine the baseline metric 136 based on the received signal 130. The device 102 may store the baseline metric 136 in a location accessible to the device 102 (e.g., in a memory or on a storage device). In one aspect, 706 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0102] At 708, a determination may be made as to whether a certain amount of time has passed or a request has been received to determine a baseline metric. If the process determines at 708 "yes" that a certain amount of time has passed or a request has been received, the process may proceed to 702. If the process determines at 708 "no" that a certain amount of time has passed or a request has been received, the process may remain at 708. For example, at Figure 1, the device 102 may determine the baseline metric 136 periodically (e.g., at a specific time interval, such as a specific time each day (e.g., 3:00 a.m.)). A user may program the device 102 using a user interface (UI) or hardware (e.g., a toggle switch, etc.) when (e.g., which day and time) and how often (e.g., every N days, where N>0) the device 102 determines the baseline metric 136. Additionally, the device 102 may enable a user to manually initiate the process of determining the baseline metric 136. If the device 102 determines that the user has initiated the process or that a specific time interval has passed, the device 102 may perform the process 700. In one aspect, 708 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered to be a means for performing the operation.

[0103] Thus, the device can perform a countdown to enable a user to remove objects capable of movement from the area before determining a baseline metric. The baseline metric can measure the phase difference between adjacent frequency tones, the amplitude difference between adjacent frequency tones, or both in the area during a time period when motion is not present in the area. At a later point in time, the device can be set to detect motion in the area. To detect motion, the device can monitor the area by sending and receiving a specific number of packets at a specific time interval. The device can use the packets to determine the MSE of the phase difference between adjacent frequency tones, the correlation of the amplitude difference between adjacent frequency tones, or both. If the device determines that the MSE, the correlation, or both meet a threshold, the device can determine that motion is present in the area and perform one or more actions, such as sending an alert message to a user or a monitoring service, issuing an audible alarm, a visual alarm, a combination of the two, or another type of action. If the device determines that motion is not present in the area, the device can continue to monitor the area for the presence of motion. Technical advantages of process 700 include enabling a device (e.g., Figure 1 The device 102 of the present invention can automatically calibrate the baseline measurement and enable the user to initiate the calibration process. By providing a countdown before determining the baseline measurement, the baseline measurement is determined at a time when motion is not present in the monitored area.

[0104] Figure 8 An example process 800 including performing actions associated with detecting motion according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, the process 800 may be performed by Figure 1The process 800 detects motion and more subtle changes in an area, such as modifications to an environment. For example, the process 800 can determine that a person moved an item to a different location in an environment, added an item to an environment, removed an item from an environment, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, detecting a change in the environment can cause the process 800 to perform an action, such as, for example, sending an alert to notify a person of the change in the environment or using the modified environment to determine a new baseline.

[0105] At 802, the wireless device receives one or more packets. At 804, the device determines the MSE of the phase difference between the metric and the baseline. Figure 1 , the device 102 may receive the Rx packet 118 and use the phase-based comparison 132 to determine the MSE of the phase difference 138 between the received signal 130 and the baseline metric 136. In one aspect, 802 and 804 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0106] At 806, the device determines whether the MSE of the phase difference between the metric and the baseline is greater than a first threshold. If the device determines at 808 that the MSE is less than or equal to the first threshold, the device proceeds to 802. For example, at Figure 1 , if device 102 determines that the MSE of the phase difference is less than the first of thresholds 140, device 102 may determine that no motion exists in region 152 and continue to monitor region 152 (e.g., continue to receive Rx packets 118). In an aspect, 806 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all of the components may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0107] If the device determines at 806 that the MSE of the phase difference is greater than the first threshold, the device proceeds to 810. In one aspect, 806 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation. At 810, the device determines whether the MSE of the phase difference is greater than a second threshold. If the device determines at 810 that the MSE of the phase difference is less than or equal to the second threshold, the device performs an action associated with detecting a change in the environment at 810 and proceeds back to 802. In one aspect, 810 may be performed by the Tx module 104, the Rx module 106, the memory 155, and the processor 153, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation. If the device determines at 808 that the MSE of the phase difference is greater than the second threshold, the device performs an action associated with detecting motion at 812 and proceeds back to 802. For example, at Figure 1, if the environment of area 152 changes (e.g., a new piece of furniture is moved into or removed from area 152), the MSE of the phase difference between the most recently received packet and the baseline may be greater than the first threshold but less than or equal to the second threshold. In such a case, device 102 may perform actions such as automatically scheduling a new baseline calculation, alerting the user that the environment has changed (e.g., so that the user can start a new baseline calculation or change the environment back to the original state), etc. If device 102 determines using phase-based comparison 132 that the MSE of phase difference 138 is greater than the second of thresholds 140, device 102 may determine that motion 154 exists in area 152 and perform one or more actions to indicate that motion has been detected. These actions may include sending an alert message to a user, sending an alert to a monitoring service, sounding an audible alarm, performing another action to indicate that motion has been detected, or any combination thereof. In one aspect, 812 may be performed by Tx module 104, Rx module 106, memory 155, and processor 153, wherein any or all components may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0108] Of course, in some cases, a single threshold (rather than two thresholds) may be used, such as a second threshold. For example, if the difference between the MSE of the phase difference between the first packets and the baseline is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the device may determine that motion is detected and perform one or more actions. If the difference between the metric and the baseline is less than the second threshold, the device may determine that no motion is present in the area and continue to monitor the area.

[0109] Thus, the device can send and receive packets to monitor motion in an area. The received packets can be used to determine whether the MSE of the phase difference between adjacent frequency tones (e.g., carriers) meets a first threshold. If the MSE fails to meet the first threshold, the device can determine that no motion exists in the area and continue to monitor the area. If the MSE meets the first threshold and meets the second threshold, the device can determine that motion exists and perform one or more actions. If the MSE meets the first threshold but fails to meet the second threshold, in some cases, the device can perform further analysis to determine whether motion exists in the area. For example, in some cases, the device can send data including received signals, differences, baselines, and other data to a server for analysis. The server can perform analysis and send results indicating whether motion is detected in the area. If the result indicates that motion is detected, the device can perform one or more actions, and if the result indicates that no motion is detected, the device can continue to monitor the area. In other cases, the device can perform further analysis by performing an amplitude-based comparison, in which the device determines the correlation between the amplitudes of adjacent frequency tones to supplement the results of the phase-based comparison to determine whether motion exists in the area.

[0110] Technical advantages of process 800 include enabling a single RF chain of a device (e.g., an IOT device, an edge device, etc.) to determine the presence or absence of motion in an area and determine whether the environment has changed (e.g., furniture has been added, removed, or both). Technical advantages include distinguishing between motion in an area and environmental changes. When motion is detected, actions such as sending a notification or sounding an alarm can be performed. When an environmental change is detected, the device can automatically schedule a time to determine a new baseline measurement based on the changed environment. In this way, the device automatically rebuilds the baseline after the environment changes.

[0111] Fig. 9 The implementation according to one aspect of the present disclosure is explained Figure 5-10 The device 102 may include one or more processors 902, memory 904, communication interface 906, display device 908, other input / output (I / O) devices 910 (e.g., keyboard, trackball, etc.), and one or more mass storage devices 912 (e.g., disk drive, solid state disk drive, etc.) configured to communicate with each other, such as via one or more system buses 914 or other suitable connections. Although the system bus 914 is illustrated as a single bus for ease of understanding, it should be understood that the system bus 914 may include multiple buses, such as a memory device bus, a storage device bus (e.g., Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)), a data bus (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB)), a video signal bus, a power bus, etc.

[0112] The processor 902 is one or more hardware devices, which may include a single processing unit or several processing units, all of which may include a single or multiple computing units or multiple cores. The processor 902 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) integrated into a central processing unit (CPU), or the GPU may be a processor device separated from the CPU. The processor 902 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, state machines, logic circuits, and / or any device that manipulates signals based on operating instructions. In addition to other capabilities, the processor 902 may be configured to obtain and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 904, a mass storage device 912, or other computer-readable media.

[0113] The memory 904 and the mass storage device 912 are examples of computer storage media (e.g., memory storage devices) for storing instructions that can be executed by the processor 902 to perform the various functions described herein. For example, the memory 904 may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory devices. In addition, the mass storage device 912 may include a hard drive, a solid-state drive, removable media (including external and removable drives), a memory card, a flash memory, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a storage array, a network attached storage, a storage area network, etc. Both the memory 904 and the mass storage device 912 may be collectively referred to herein as memory or computer storage media, and may be any type of non-transient medium capable of storing computer-readable, processor-executable program instructions as computer program code that may be executed by the processor 902 as a specific machine configured to perform the operations and functions described in the implementation of this document.

[0114] The device 900 may include one or more communication interfaces 906 for exchanging data. The communication interface 906 may facilitate communication within a variety of network and protocol types, including wired and wireless networks, the Internet, etc. The communication interface 906 may also provide communication with external storage (such as storage arrays, network attached storage, storage area networks, cloud storage, etc.).

[0115] Display device 908 can be used to display content (e.g., information and images) to the user. Other I / O devices 910 can be devices that receive various inputs from the user and provide various outputs to the user, and can include keyboards, touch pads, mice, printers, audio input / output devices, etc.

[0116] Computer storage media, such as memory 904 and mass storage device 912, may be used to store software and data. For example, computer storage media may be used to store received signal 130, phase-based comparison 132, baseline metric 136, difference 138, thresholds 140, including, for example, first threshold 406, second threshold 408, and correlation threshold 916, additional applications 918, and additional data 920.

[0117] Reference Fig.10 and Fig.11 , describes a method that can be incorporated into a UE (e.g., Figure 1 Device 102), a server (e.g., Figure 1142) or several example components (represented by corresponding boxes) in either the server 142 or both. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system on a chip (SoC), etc.) in different implementations. The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other devices in the communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. In addition, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0118] The UE and the server may include wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 1010 and 1150, respectively, configured to communicate via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc. The WWAN transceivers 1010 and 1150 may be connected to one or more antennas 1016 and 1156, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc.) on a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a certain set of time / frequency resources in a specific spectrum) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.). The WWAN transceivers 1010 and 1150 may be configured in various ways according to the designated RAT to transmit and encode signals 1018 and 1158 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and vice versa to receive and decode signals 1018 and 1158 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.), respectively. Specifically, transceivers 1010 and 1150 include one or more transmitters 1014 and 1154, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 1018 and 1158, respectively, and include one or more receivers 1012 and 1152, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 1018 and 1158, respectively.

[0119] In at least some cases, the UE and the base station also include wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers 1020 and 1160, respectively. The WLAN transceivers 1020 and 1160 can be connected to one or more antennas 1026 and 1166, respectively, for communication via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, The WLAN transceivers 1020 and 1160 may be configured in various ways according to the specified RAT to transmit and encode signals 1028 and 1168 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and vice versa, to receive and decode signals 1028 and 1168 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, the transceivers 1020 and 1160 include one or more transmitters 1024 and 1164, respectively, to transmit and encode signals 1028 and 1168, respectively, and include one or more receivers 1022 and 1162, respectively, to receive and decode signals 1028 and 1168, respectively.

[0120] A transceiver circuit system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may include an integrated device (e.g., a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit implemented as a single communication device) in some implementations, may include a separate transmitter device and a separate receiver device in some implementations, or may be implemented in other ways in other implementations. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 1016, 1026, 1156, 1166) such as an antenna array, which permits the respective device to perform transmit "beamforming" as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 1016, 1026, 1156, 1166) such as an antenna array, which permits the respective device to perform receive beamforming as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 1016, 1026, 1156, 1166) so that the respective device can only receive or transmit at a given time, but not both at the same time. The wireless communication device of the UE and / or base station (eg, one or both of the transceivers 1010 and 1020 and / or one or both of the transceivers 1150 and 1160) may also include a network listening module (NLM) for performing various measurements, etc.

[0121] In at least some cases, the UE and the base station may include satellite positioning system (SPS) receivers 1030 and 1170. The SPS receivers 1030 and 1170 may be connected to one or more antennas 1036 and 1176, respectively, for receiving SPS signals 1038 and 1178, respectively, such as global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian regional navigation satellite system (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. The SPS receivers 1030 and 1170 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 1038 and 1178, respectively. The SPS receivers 1030 and 1170 request information and operations from other systems as appropriate, and perform the necessary calculations to determine the location of the UE and the base station using measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0122] The base station and the network entity may each include at least one network interface 1180 for communicating with other network entities. For example, the network interface 1180 (e.g., one or more network access ports) may be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired backhaul connection or a wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, the network interface 1180 may be implemented as a transceiver configured to support wired signal communication or wireless signal communication. The communication may involve, for example, sending and receiving: messages, parameters, and / or other types of information.

[0123] UEs, base stations, and network entities may include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. The UE may include a processor circuit system that implements a processing system 1052 for providing, for example, functionality related to RF sensing, and for providing other processing functionality. The base station may include a processing system 1084 for providing, for example, functionality related to RF sensing as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. The network entity may include a processing system for providing, for example, functionality related to RF sensing as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. In one aspect, the processing system 1052, 1084 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices or processing circuit systems.

[0124] The UE, base station, and network entity may include memory circuitry that implements a memory component 1040, 1186 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). In some cases, the UE, base station, and network entity may include an RF sensing (e.g., Wi-Fi sensing) component 1042, 1188, respectively. Components 1042, 1188, respectively, may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to processing systems 1052, 1184, respectively, which, when executed, cause the UE, base station, and network entity to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, components 1042, 1188 may be external to processing systems 1052, 1184 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, components 1042, 1188, respectively, may be memory modules stored in memory components 1040, 1186 (e.g., in Fig.10 , 11 ), which, when executed by the processing system 1052, 1184 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE, base station, and network entity to perform the functionality described herein.

[0125] The UE may include one or more sensors 1044 coupled to the processing system 1052 to provide motion and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the WWAN transceiver 1010, the WLAN transceiver 1020, and / or the SPS receiver 1030. As an example, the sensor(s) 1044 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric altimeter), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. In addition, the sensor 1044 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 1044 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and an orientation sensor to provide the ability to calculate positioning in a 2D and / or 3D coordinate system.

[0126] In addition, the UE may include a user interface 1046 for providing indications to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keypad, touch screen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, the base station and the network entity may also include a user interface.

[0127] Referring to the processing system 1184 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity may be provided to the processing system 1184. The processing system 1184 may implement functionality for the RRC layer, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 1184 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB)) broadcast, RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, cipher decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0128] The transmitter 1154 and the receiver 1152 may implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 1154 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine coding and modulation schemes and for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE. Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 1156. Transmitter 1154 may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0129] At the UE, the receiver 1012 receives the signal through its corresponding antenna 1016. The receiver 1012 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the processing system 1052. The transmitter 1014 and the receiver 1012 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The receiver 1012 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE. If there are multiple spatial streams destined for the UE, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the receiver 1012. The receiver 1012 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation point most likely transmitted by the base station. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station on the physical channel. These data and control signals are then provided to the processing system 1052 which implements the layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0130] In the uplink, the processing system 1052 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, encryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. The processing system 1052 is also responsible for error detection.

[0131] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by the base station, the processing system 1052 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0132] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station may be used by the transmitter 1014 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the transmitter 1014 may be provided to different antennas 1016. The transmitter 1014 may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0133] The uplink transmission is processed at the base station in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE. The receiver 1152 receives the signal through its respective antenna 1156. The receiver 1152 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the processing system 1184.

[0134] In the uplink, the processing system 1184 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, code decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE. The IP packets from the processing system 1184 can be provided to the core network. The processing system 1184 is also responsible for error detection.

[0135] For convenience, the UE, base station and / or network entity Fig.10 , 11 1 and 2. The illustrated example of a block diagram of a computer readable medium is shown to include various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it will be appreciated that the illustrated blocks may have different functionality in different designs.

[0136] The various components of the UE, base station, and network entity may communicate with each other over data buses 1054, 1182, respectively. Fig.10 , Fig.11 The components of can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Fig.10 , 11 The components may be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 1010 to 1046 may be implemented by a processor and memory component of a UE (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor component). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 1150 to 1188 may be implemented by a processor and memory component of a base station (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor component). For simplicity, various operations, actions and / or functions are described herein as being performed by "by a UE", "by a base station", "by a positioning entity", etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, actions, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE, base station, positioning entity, etc., such as processing systems 1052, 1184, transceivers 1010, 1020, 1150 and 1160, memory components 1040, 1186, components 1042, 1188, etc.

[0137] It may be noted that although specific frequencies, integrated circuits (ICs), hardware, and other features are described in various aspects of this document, alternative aspects may be different. That is, alternative aspects may utilize additional or alternative frequencies (e.g., in addition to the 60 GHz and / or 28 GHz bands), antenna elements (e.g., arrays of antenna elements of different sizes / shapes), scanning cycles (including static and dynamic scanning cycles), electronic devices (e.g., WLAN APs, cellular base stations, smart speakers, IoT devices, mobile phones, tablets, personal computers (PCs), etc.), and / or other features. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate such variations.

[0138] It should be understood that any reference to an element, such as "first", "second", etc., is generally not limited to the number or order of these elements in this article. Specifically, these references can be used as a convenient method to distinguish two or more elements or element instances in this article. Therefore, the reference to the first element and the second element does not mean that only two elements can be adopted here or the first element must be located before the second element in some way. Moreover, unless otherwise stated, a group of elements may include one or more elements. In addition, the term "at least one of A, B, or C" or "one or more of A, B, or C" or "at least one of the group including A, B, and C" used in the specification or claim means "A or B or C or any combination of these elements". For example, this term can include A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or A and B and C, or 2A, or 2B, or 2C, etc.

[0139] In view of the above description and explanation, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. The technician can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0140] In the above detailed description, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in each example. This disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the example clauses have more features than the features explicitly mentioned in each clause. On the contrary, various aspects of the present disclosure may include less than all the features of the disclosed individual example clauses. Therefore, the attached clauses should be considered to be incorporated into this description, wherein each clause itself may be a separate example. Although each subordinate clause can be cited in each clause in a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the (all) aspects of the subordinate clause are not limited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses may also include a combination of the (all) aspects of the subordinate clause with the subject matter of any other subordinate clause or independent clause or any feature with other subordinate and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein explicitly include these combinations, unless explicitly expressed or can be easily inferred that it is not intended to be a specific combination (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as an insulator and a conductor at the same time). In addition, it is also intended that the various aspects of the clause can be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly subordinate to the independent clause. Each implementation example is described in the following numbered clauses:

[0141] Clause 1. A method for detecting motion, comprising: receiving one or more sensing sets by a wireless device, wherein each sensing set has one or more sensing groups; determining one or more motion detection metrics, wherein each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets; determining one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; and detecting motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0142] Clause 2. A method as in clause 1, wherein: the one or more sensing sets are a first sensing set including one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more motion detection metrics includes determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more measured motion amplitudes includes determining a first measured motion amplitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric, and detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion amplitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0143] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1-2, wherein the tones of the one or more sensing packets comprise non-adjacent tones.

[0144] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the tone is selected from tones having an amplitude greater than an amplitude threshold.

[0145] Clause 5. A method as in Clause 4, wherein the amplitude threshold is based on a percentage of the maximum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, a multiple of the minimum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, an average of the amplitudes of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, or a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0146] Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the baseline metric is based on a phase difference between tones from one or more previously received packets received by the first receiver link of the wireless device.

[0147] Clause 7. The method of Clause 6, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sense packets.

[0148] Clause 8. The method of any of Clauses 6 to 7, wherein the one or more previously received packets are packets received when no motion was present.

[0149] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, further comprising: receiving a confirmation via a user interface of the wireless device to determine that no motion is present.

[0150] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 8 to 9, further comprising: determining that no motion is detected based on at least a second portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0151] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 6 to 10, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received periodically; received during predetermined times of day, or a combination thereof.

[0152] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 1 to 11, further comprising: updating the baseline metric with a phase difference between tones from the one or more sensing packets when the motion is not detected.

[0153] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 1 to 12, further comprising: establishing a temporary baseline metric based on a phase difference between tones from the one or more sensing packets when the motion is detected.

[0154] Clause 14. The method of clause 13 further comprises: receiving one or more subsequent sensing packets on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; determining a subsequent motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more subsequent sensing packets; determining a subsequent motion amplitude based on a comparison of the subsequent motion detection metric with the temporary baseline metric; and detecting changes in the environment based on the subsequent motion amplitude not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0155] Clause 15. The method of Clause 14, further comprising: updating the baseline metric to the interim baseline metric when the change in the environment is detected.

[0156] Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 1 to 15, further comprising: sending data and a timestamp associated with the data to a server via the at least one transceiver.

[0157] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein the data comprises channel state information (CSI), channel frequency response (CFR), channel impulse response (CIR), signal strength indicator, automatic gain control (AGC) setting, or any combination thereof.

[0158] Clause 18. The method of any of Clauses 16-17, further comprising: receiving, via the at least one transceiver, from the server additional information regarding the motion being detected.

[0159] Clause 19. The method of clause 18, wherein the additional information includes confirmation that the motion was detected; identification of the source of the motion, classification of the motion, or various combinations thereof.

[0160] Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 1 to 19, further comprising: transmitting, by the wireless device via the at least one transceiver, the one or more sensing packets.

[0161] Clause 21. The method of Clause 20, further comprising: transmitting the one or more sensing packets using a first transmit chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0162] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein the wireless device has a single radio frequency (RF) chain.

[0163] Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 20 to 22, further comprising: transmitting the one or more sensing packets using a second radio frequency (RF) chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0164] Clause 24. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 23, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises determining a mean square error of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0165] Clause 25. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 24, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: determining a correlation of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0166] Clause 26. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 25, further comprising: classifying the movement as significant movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes exceeding a second movement threshold; or classifying the movement as light movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes not exceeding the second movement threshold.

[0167] Clause 27. The method of Clause 26, wherein the second motion threshold is greater than the first motion threshold.

[0168] Clause 28. A method as in any of clauses 1 to 27, wherein the first motion threshold is based on a percentage of a maximum expected value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes, a multiple of an average value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes when no motion is detected, a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0169] Clause 29. A method as described in any one of clauses 1 to 28, further comprising: receiving multiple sensing sets of one or more sensing groups on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; determining multiple motion detection metrics based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each sensing set in the sensing sets; determining multiple measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of the motion detection metric for each sensing set in the sensing set with a baseline metric; and detecting motion based on at least a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceeding a motion threshold.

[0170] Clause 30. A method as in Clause 29, wherein a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes are: at least j of k consecutive measured motion amplitudes among the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceed the motion threshold, where j is an integer and k is an integer greater than j, greater than a predetermined percentage of the multiple measured motion amplitudes that exceed the motion threshold; or various combinations thereof.

[0171] Item 31. A wireless device comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive one or more sensing sets via the at least one transceiver, wherein each sensing set has one or more sensing groups; determine one or more motion detection metrics, wherein each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets; determine one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; and detect motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0172] Clause 32. A wireless device as in clause 31, wherein: the one or more sensing sets are a first sensing set including one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more motion detection metrics includes determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more measured motion amplitudes includes determining a first measured motion amplitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric, and detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion amplitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0173] Clause 33. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 32, wherein the tones of the one or more sensing packets comprise non-adjacent tones.

[0174] Clause 34. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 33, wherein the tone is selected from tones having an amplitude greater than an amplitude threshold.

[0175] Clause 35. A wireless device as in clause 34, wherein the amplitude threshold is based on a percentage of the maximum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, a multiple of the minimum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, an average of the amplitudes of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, or a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0176] Clause 36. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 35, wherein the baseline metric is based on a phase difference between tones from one or more previously received packets received by a first receiver link of the wireless device.

[0177] Clause 37. The wireless device of Clause 36, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets.

[0178] Clause 38. The wireless device of any of clauses 36 to 37, wherein the one or more previously received packets are packets received when no motion was present.

[0179] Clause 39. The wireless device of clause 38, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, a confirmation via a user interface of the wireless device to establish that no motion is present.

[0180] Clause 40. The wireless device of any of clauses 38 to 39, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine that no motion is detected based on at least a second portion of the one or more measured motion magnitudes not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0181] Clause 41. The wireless device of any of clauses 36 to 40, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received periodically; received during predetermined times of day, or a combination thereof.

[0182] Clause 42. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 41, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: update the baseline metric with a phase difference between tones from the one or more sensing packets when the motion is not detected.

[0183] Clause 43. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 42, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: establish a temporary baseline metric based on a phase difference between tones from the one or more sensing packets when the motion is detected.

[0184] Clause 44. A wireless device as in clause 43, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more subsequent sensing packets on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; determine a subsequent motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more subsequent sensing packets; determine a subsequent motion amplitude based on a comparison of the subsequent motion detection metric with the temporary baseline metric; and detect changes in the environment based on the subsequent motion amplitude not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0185] Clause 45. The wireless device of Clause 44, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: update the baseline metric to the temporary baseline metric when the change in the environment is detected.

[0186] Clause 46. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 45, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send data and a timestamp associated with the data to a server via the at least one transceiver.

[0187] Clause 47. The wireless device of clause 46, wherein the data comprises channel state information (CSI), channel frequency response (CFR), channel impulse response (CIR), signal strength indicator, automatic gain control (AGC) setting, or any combination thereof.

[0188] Clause 48. The wireless device of any of Clauses 46 to 47, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive additional information from the server via the at least one transceiver regarding the motion being detected.

[0189] Clause 49. The wireless device of clause 48, wherein the additional information comprises confirmation that the motion was detected; identification of the source of the motion, classification of the motion, or various combinations thereof.

[0190] Clause 50. The wireless device of any of clauses 31 to 49, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit the one or more sensing packets by the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0191] Clause 51. The wireless device of clause 50, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit the one or more sensing packets using a first transmit chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0192] Clause 52. The wireless device of clause 51, wherein the wireless device has a single radio frequency (RF) chain.

[0193] Clause 53. The wireless device of any of clauses 50 to 52, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit the one or more sensing packets using a second radio frequency (RF) chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0194] Clause 54. A wireless device as in any of clauses 31 to 53, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: determining a mean square error of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0195] Clause 55. A wireless device as in any of clauses 31 to 54, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: determining a correlation of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0196] Clause 56. A wireless device as described in any of clauses 31 to 55, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: classify the movement as significant movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes exceeding a second movement threshold; or classify the movement as light movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes not exceeding the second movement threshold.

[0197] Clause 57. The wireless device of clause 56, wherein the second motion threshold is greater than the first motion threshold.

[0198] Clause 58. A wireless device as described in any of clauses 31 to 57, wherein the first motion threshold is based on a percentage of a maximum expected value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes, a multiple of an average value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes when no motion is detected, a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0199] Clause 59. A wireless device as described in any of clauses 31 to 58, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive multiple sensing sets of one or more sensing groups on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; determine multiple motion detection metrics based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each sensing set in the sensing sets; determine multiple measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of the motion detection metric for each sensing set in the sensing set with a baseline metric; and detect motion based on at least a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceeding a motion threshold.

[0200] Clause 60. A wireless device as in Clause 59, wherein a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes are: at least j of k consecutive measured motion amplitudes of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceed the motion threshold, where j is an integer and k is an integer greater than j, greater than a predetermined percentage of the multiple measured motion amplitudes that exceed the motion threshold; or various combinations thereof.

[0201] Clause 61. A wireless device comprising: a device for receiving one or more sensing sets, each sensing set having one or more sensing groups; a device for determining one or more motion detection metrics, each motion detection metric being based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets; a device for determining one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; and a device for detecting motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0202] Clause 62. A wireless device as in clause 61, wherein: the one or more sensing sets are a first sensing set including one or more first sensing groups, the device for determining the one or more motion detection metrics includes determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more first sensing groups, the device for determining the one or more measured motion amplitudes includes determining a first measured motion amplitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric, and the device for detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion amplitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0203] Clause 63. The wireless device of any of clauses 61 to 62, wherein the tones of the one or more sensing packets comprise non-adjacent tones.

[0204] Clause 64. The wireless device of any of clauses 61 to 63, wherein the tone is selected from tones having an amplitude greater than an amplitude threshold.

[0205] Clause 65. A wireless device as in clause 64, wherein the amplitude threshold is based on a percentage of the maximum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, a multiple of the minimum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, an average of the amplitudes of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, or a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0206] Clause 66. The wireless device of any of clauses 61 to 65, wherein the baseline metric is based on a phase difference between tones from one or more previously received packets received by a first receiver link of the wireless device.

[0207] Clause 67. The wireless device of Clause 66, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets.

[0208] Clause 68. The wireless device of any of clauses 66 to 67, wherein the one or more previously received packets are packets received when no motion was present.

[0209] Clause 69. The wireless device of Clause 68, further comprising: means for receiving a confirmation via a user interface of the wireless device to establish that no motion is present.

[0210] Clause 70. The wireless device of any of clauses 68 to 69, further comprising: means for determining that no motion is detected based on at least a second portion of the one or more measured motion magnitudes not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0211] Clause 71. The wireless device of any of clauses 66 to 70, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received periodically; received during predetermined times of day, or a combination thereof.

[0212] Clause 72. The wireless device of any of clauses 61 to 71, further comprising: means for updating the baseline metric with a phase difference between tones from the one or more sensing packets when the motion is not detected.

[0213] Clause 73. The wireless device of any of clauses 61 to 72, further comprising: means for establishing a temporary baseline metric based on a phase difference between tones from the one or more sensing packets when the motion is detected.

[0214] Clause 74. A wireless device as in clause 73, further comprising: a device for receiving one or more subsequent sensing packets on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; a device for determining a subsequent motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more subsequent sensing packets; a device for determining a subsequent motion amplitude based on a comparison of the subsequent motion detection metric with the temporary baseline metric; and a device for detecting changes in the environment based on the subsequent motion amplitude not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0215] Clause 75. The wireless device of clause 74, further comprising: means for updating the baseline metric to the temporary baseline metric when the change in the environment is detected.

[0216] Clause 76. The wireless device of any of clauses 61 to 75, further comprising: means for sending data and a timestamp associated with the data to a server via the at least one transceiver.

[0217] Clause 77. A wireless device as in clause 76, wherein the data comprises channel state information (CSI), channel frequency response (CFR), channel impulse response (CIR), signal strength indicator, automatic gain control (AGC) setting, or any combination thereof.

[0218] Clause 78. The wireless device of any of clauses 76 to 77, further comprising: means for receiving, via the at least one transceiver, from the server additional information regarding the motion being detected.

[0219] Clause 79. The wireless device of clause 78, wherein the additional information comprises confirmation that the motion was detected; identification of the source of the motion, classification of the motion, or various combinations thereof.

[0220] Clause 80. The wireless device of any one of clauses 61 to 79, further comprising: means for transmitting, by the wireless device via the at least one transceiver, the one or more sensing packets.

[0221] Clause 81. The wireless device of clause 80, further comprising: means for transmitting the one or more sensing packets using a first transmit chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0222] Clause 82. The wireless device of clause 81, wherein the wireless device has a single radio frequency (RF) chain.

[0223] Clause 83. The wireless device of any of clauses 80 to 82, further comprising: means for transmitting the one or more sensing packets using a second radio frequency (RF) chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0224] Clause 84. A wireless device as in any of clauses 61 to 83, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: means for determining a mean square error of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0225] Clause 85. A wireless device as in any of clauses 61 to 84, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: means for determining a correlation of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0226] Clause 86. A wireless device as described in any one of clauses 61 to 85, further comprising: a device for classifying the movement as significant movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes exceeding a second movement threshold; or a device for classifying the movement as light movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes not exceeding the second movement threshold.

[0227] Clause 87. The wireless device of clause 86, wherein the second motion threshold is greater than the first motion threshold.

[0228] Clause 88. A wireless device as described in any of clauses 61 to 87, wherein the first motion threshold is based on a percentage of a maximum expected value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes, a multiple of an average value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes when no motion is detected, a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0229] Clause 89. A wireless device as described in any of clauses 61 to 88, further comprising: a device for receiving multiple sensing sets of one or more sensing groups on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; a device for determining multiple motion detection metrics based on a phase difference between the frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each sensing set in the sensing sets; a device for determining multiple measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of the motion detection metric for each sensing set in the sensing set with a baseline metric; and a device for detecting motion based on at least a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceeding a motion threshold.

[0230] Clause 90. A wireless device as in Clause 89, wherein a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes are: at least j of k consecutive measured motion amplitudes of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceed the motion threshold, where j is an integer and k is an integer greater than j, greater than a predetermined percentage of the multiple measured motion amplitudes that exceed the motion threshold; or various combinations thereof.

[0231] Item 91. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a wireless device, cause the wireless device to: receive one or more sensing sets, each sensing set having one or more sensing groups; determine one or more motion detection metrics, each motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each of the one or more sensing sets; determine one or more measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; and detect motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold.

[0232] Clause 92. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in clause 91, wherein: the one or more sensing sets are a first sensing set comprising one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more motion detection metrics comprises determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more measured motion amplitudes comprises determining a first measured motion amplitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric, and detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion amplitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0233] Clause 93. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91-92, wherein the tones of the one or more sensing packets comprise non-adjacent tones.

[0234] Clause 94. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 93, wherein the tone is selected from tones having an amplitude greater than an amplitude threshold.

[0235] Clause 95. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in clause 94, wherein the amplitude threshold is based on a percentage of a maximum amplitude of the tone of the one or more sensing groups, a multiple of a minimum amplitude of the tone of the one or more sensing groups, an average of the amplitudes of the tone of the one or more sensing groups, or a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0236] Clause 96. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 95, wherein the baseline metric is based on a phase difference between tones from one or more previously received packets received by the first receiver link of the wireless device.

[0237] Clause 97. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 96, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets.

[0238] Clause 98. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of Clauses 96-97, wherein the one or more previously received packets are packets received when no motion was present.

[0239] Clause 99. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 98, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to: receive a confirmation via a user interface of the wireless device to establish that no motion is present.

[0240] Clause 100. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 98 to 99, further comprising computer executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: determine that no motion is detected based on at least a second portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0241] Clause 101. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 96 to 100, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received periodically; received during predetermined times of day, or a combination thereof.

[0242] Clause 102. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 101, further comprising computer executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: when the motion is not detected, update the baseline metric with a phase difference between the frequency tones from the one or more sensing groups.

[0243] Clause 103. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 102, further comprising computer executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: when the motion is detected, establish a temporary baseline metric based on a phase difference between the frequency tones from the one or more sensing groups.

[0244] Clause 104. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 103 further comprises computer executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: receive one or more subsequent sensing packets on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; determine a subsequent motion detection metric based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more subsequent sensing packets; determine a subsequent motion amplitude based on a comparison of the subsequent motion detection metric with the temporary baseline metric; and detect a change in the environment based on the subsequent motion amplitude not exceeding the first motion threshold.

[0245] Clause 105. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 104, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: when the change in the environment is detected, update the baseline metric to the temporary baseline metric.

[0246] Clause 106. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 105, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to: send data and a timestamp associated with the data to a server via the at least one transceiver.

[0247] Clause 107. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 106, wherein the data comprises channel state information (CSI), channel frequency response (CFR), channel impulse response (CIR), signal strength indicator, automatic gain control (AGC) setting, or any combination thereof.

[0248] Clause 108. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 106 to 107, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to: receive, from the server via the at least one transceiver, additional information regarding the motion being detected.

[0249] Clause 109. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 108, wherein the additional information comprises a confirmation that the motion was detected; an identification of a source of the motion, a classification of the motion, or various combinations thereof.

[0250] Clause 110. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 91 to 109, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to: transmit, by the wireless device via the at least one transceiver, the one or more sensing packets.

[0251] Clause 111. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 110, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to transmit the one or more sensing packets using a first transmit chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0252] Clause 112. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 111, wherein the wireless device has a single radio frequency (RF) chain.

[0253] Clause 113. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 110 to 112, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: transmit the one or more sensing packets using a second radio frequency (RF) chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

[0254] Clause 114. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 113, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises determining a mean square error of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0255] Clause 115. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 114, wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each sensing set in the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: determining a correlation of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric.

[0256] Clause 116. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 115, further comprising computer executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: classify the movement as significant movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes exceeding a second movement threshold; or classify the movement as light movement based on the one or more measured movement amplitudes not exceeding the second movement threshold.

[0257] Clause 117. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 116, wherein the second motion threshold is greater than the first motion threshold.

[0258] Clause 118. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 117, wherein the first motion threshold is based on a percentage of a maximum expected value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes, a multiple of an average value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes when no motion is detected, a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

[0259] Clause 119. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as in any of clauses 91 to 118, further comprising computer executable instructions that, when executed by the wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the following operations: receive multiple sensing sets of one or more sensing groups on a first receiver chain of the wireless device via the at least one transceiver; determine multiple motion detection metrics based on a phase difference between frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups for each sensing set in the sensing sets; determine multiple measured motion amplitudes based on a comparison of the motion detection metric for each sensing set in the sensing set with a baseline metric; and detect motion based on at least a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceeding a motion threshold.

[0260] Clause 120. A non-volatile computer-readable medium as in clause 119, wherein a portion of the multiple measured motion amplitudes are: at least j of k consecutive measured motion amplitudes of the multiple measured motion amplitudes exceed the motion threshold, where j is an integer and k is an integer greater than j, greater than a predetermined percentage of the multiple measured motion amplitudes that exceed the motion threshold; or various combinations thereof.

[0261] Accordingly, it will be appreciated that, for example, a device or any component of a device may be configured (or made operable or adapted to) provide functionality as taught herein. This may be achieved, for example, by manufacturing (e.g., making) the device or component so that it will provide the functionality; by programming the device or component so that it will provide the functionality; or by using some other suitable implementation technique. As one example, an integrated circuit may be fabricated to provide the necessary functionality. As another example, an integrated circuit may be fabricated to support the necessary functionality and then (e.g., via programming) configured to provide the necessary functionality. As yet another example, a processor circuit may execute code for providing the necessary functionality.

[0262] In addition, the methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read and write information from / to the storage medium. In an alternative, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor (e.g., a cache).

[0263] Although the foregoing disclosure shows various illustrative aspects, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made to the illustrated examples without departing from the scope as defined in the appended claims. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to only the specifically illustrated examples. For example, unless otherwise stated, the functions, steps, and / or actions in the method claims according to the various aspects of the present disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. In addition, although certain aspects may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is also contemplated unless it is explicitly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A wireless device comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receiving, via the at least one transceiver, one or more sensing sets, wherein each sensing set has one or more sensing packets; determining one or more motion detection metrics, wherein each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more sensing packets for each sensing set of the one or more sensing sets; determining one or more measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; as well as Motion is detected based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold, wherein the baseline metric is based on the phase difference between frequency tones from one or more previously received packets received by a first receiver link of the wireless device, and wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets.

2. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein: The one or more sensing sets are a first sensing set including one or more first sensing groups; determining the one or more motion detection metrics, determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more first sensing packets; determining the one or more measured motion magnitudes, determining a first measured motion magnitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric; and Detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion magnitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

3. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the frequency tones of the one or more sensing groups comprise non-adjacent frequency tones.

4. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the frequency tone is selected from frequency tones having an amplitude greater than an amplitude threshold.

5. A wireless device as described in claim 4, wherein the amplitude threshold is based on a percentage of the maximum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, a multiple of the minimum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, an average of the amplitudes of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

6. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more previously received packets are packets received when no motion was present.

7. The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A confirmation is received via the at least one transceiver via a user interface of the wireless device to establish that no motion is present.

8. The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Determining that no motion is detected is based on at least a second portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes not exceeding the first motion threshold.

9. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more previously received packets are received periodically; received during predetermined times of day; or a combination thereof.

10. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: When the motion is not detected, the baseline metric is updated with a phase difference between the tones from the one or more sensing packets.

11. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: When the motion is detected, a second baseline metric is established based on a phase difference between the tones from the one or more sensing packets.

12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving, via the at least one transceiver, one or more subsequent sensing packets on a first receiver chain of the wireless device; determining a subsequent motion detection metric based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more subsequent sensing packets; determining a subsequent motion magnitude based on a comparison of the subsequent motion detection metric with the second baseline metric; as well as A change in the environment is detected based on the subsequent motion magnitude not exceeding the first motion threshold.

13. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: When the change in the environment is detected, the baseline metric is updated to the second baseline metric.

14. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Data and a timestamp associated with the data are sent to a server via the at least one transceiver.

15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the data comprises channel state information (CSI), a channel frequency response (CFR), a channel impulse response (CIR), a signal strength indicator, an automatic gain control (AGC) setting, or any combination thereof.

16. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Additional information regarding the detected motion is received from the server via the at least one transceiver.

17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the additional information comprises a confirmation that the motion was detected; an identification of a source of the motion, a classification of the motion, or various combinations thereof.

18. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The one or more sensing packets are transmitted by the wireless device via the at least one transceiver.

19. The wireless device of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The one or more sensing packets are transmitted via the at least one transceiver using a first transmit chain of the wireless device.

20. The wireless device of claim 19, wherein the wireless device has a single radio frequency (RF) chain.

21. The wireless device of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The one or more sensing packets are transmitted via the at least one transceiver using a second radio frequency (RF) chain of the wireless device.

22. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: A mean square error of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric is determined.

23. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with the baseline metric comprises: A correlation of a phase difference between the motion detection metric and the baseline metric is determined.

24. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: classifying the motion as significant motion based on the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a second motion threshold; or The motion is classified as light motion based on the one or more measured motion amplitudes not exceeding the second motion threshold.

25. The wireless device of claim 24, wherein the second motion threshold is greater than the first motion threshold.

26. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first motion threshold is based on a percentage of a maximum expected value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes, a multiple of an average value for the one or more measured motion amplitudes when no motion is detected, a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

27. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a plurality of sensing sets of one or more sensing packets on a first receiver chain of the wireless device; determining a plurality of motion detection metrics based on phase differences between tones of the one or more sensing groups for each sensing set of the plurality of sensing sets; determining a plurality of measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of the motion detection metric for each of the plurality of sensing sets with the baseline metric; as well as Motion is detected based on at least a portion of the plurality of measured motion magnitudes exceeding a motion threshold.

28. The wireless device of claim 27, wherein the portion of the plurality of measured motion magnitudes is: at least j of k consecutive measured motion amplitudes of the plurality of measured motion amplitudes exceed the motion threshold, where j is an integer and k is an integer greater than j, More than a predetermined percentage of the plurality of measured motion amplitudes exceeds the motion threshold; or Its various combinations.

29. A method for detecting motion, comprising: receiving, by a wireless device, one or more sensing sets, wherein each sensing set has one or more sensing groups; determining one or more motion detection metrics, wherein each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more sensing packets for each sensing set of the one or more sensing sets; determining one or more measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; as well as Motion is detected based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold, wherein the baseline metric is based on the phase difference between frequency tones from one or more previously received packets received by a first receiver link of the wireless device, and wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein: The one or more sensing sets are first sensing sets including one or more first sensing groups, determining the one or more motion detection metrics comprises determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more first sensing packets, determining the one or more measured motion magnitudes comprises determining a first measured motion magnitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric, and Detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion magnitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the tones of the one or more sensing packets comprise non-adjacent tones.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein the tone is selected from tones having an amplitude greater than an amplitude threshold.

33. A method as claimed in claim 32, wherein the amplitude threshold is based on a percentage of the maximum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, a multiple of the minimum amplitude of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, an average of the amplitudes of the frequency tone of the one or more sensing groups, or a predetermined amplitude value, or various combinations thereof.

34. The method of claim 29, wherein the one or more previously received packets are packets received when no motion was present.

35. The method of claim 34, further comprising: A confirmation is received via a user interface of the wireless device to establish that no motion is present.

36. The method of claim 29, further comprising: Retrieval of the one or more previously received packets is periodically triggered.

37. A wireless device comprising: means for receiving one or more sensing sets, wherein each sensing set has one or more sensing groups; means for determining one or more motion detection metrics, wherein each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more sensing packets for each of the one or more sensing sets; means for determining one or more measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric; as well as Means for detecting motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold, wherein the baseline metric is based on the phase difference between frequency tones from one or more previously received packets received by a first receiver link of the wireless device, and wherein the one or more previously received packets are received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets.

38. The wireless device of claim 37, wherein: The one or more sensing sets are first sensing sets including one or more first sensing groups, The means for determining the one or more motion detection metrics comprises determining a first motion detection metric based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more first sensing packets, The means for determining the one or more measured motion magnitudes comprises determining a first measured motion magnitude based on a comparison of the first motion detection metric and the baseline metric, and The means for detecting the motion is based on the first measured motion amplitude exceeding the first motion threshold.

39. A wireless device comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receiving, via the at least one transceiver, one or more sensing sets, wherein each sensing set has one or more sensing packets; determining one or more motion detection metrics, wherein each motion detection metric is based on a phase difference between tones of the one or more sensing packets for each sensing set of the one or more sensing sets; determining one or more measured motion magnitudes based on a comparison of each motion detection metric for each of the one or more sensing sets with a baseline metric, wherein the baseline metric is based on the phase difference between tones from one or more previously received packets received by a first receiver link of the wireless device, and wherein the one or more previously received packets were received immediately prior to the one or more sensing packets; and detecting motion based on at least a portion of the one or more measured motion amplitudes exceeding a first motion threshold, wherein each of the motion detection metrics is based on a phase difference between adjacent tones of the one or more sensing packets.

40. The wireless device of claim 39, wherein the wireless device has a single radio frequency (RF) chain.

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