Distributed transmission of short training field

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for distributed transmission of short training fields in power spectral density limited frequency bands. In one aspect, a device receives a distributed resource unit (dRU) assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU); determines a spatial stream global cyclic shift delay (CSD) index for a short training field (STF) of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and transmits the dRU portion of the PPDU across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment using a tone plan and sequence corresponding to a regular resource unit (rRU) transmission mode based on the spatial stream global CSD index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates in general to wireless communications. For example, aspects of this disclosure relate to the distributed transmission of short training fields for communication over a wireless channel.

[0002] background

[0003] A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) can be formed by one or more wireless access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by multiple client devices (also known as wireless stations (STAs)). The basic building block of a WLAN conforming to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards is the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the AP. Each BSS is identified by a BSS Identifier (BSSID) advertised by the AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STA within the AP's wireless range to establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN.

[0004] Some wireless communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi or WLAN systems) can support the allocation of multiple resource units (RUs) over the channel bandwidth. These RUs can be used by devices (e.g., one or more APs, or one or more STAs) for the transmission of data and pilot signals. However, the configuration of some RUs (e.g., the location of the allocated data and pilot frequencies for each RU) may not efficiently utilize the available transmit power of the device (e.g., the device may reduce power when communicating via one or more RUs), and improved techniques are desired.

[0005] Overview

[0006] The systems, methods, and apparatus disclosed herein each have several innovative aspects, and no single aspect is solely responsible for the desired properties disclosed herein.

[0007] An innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication. The method includes: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a distributed resource element (dRU) portion of a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU); determining a spatial stream global cyclic shift delay (CSD) index for a short training field (STF) of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and transmitting the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU based on the spatial stream global CSD index, using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to a regular resource element (rRU) transmission mode across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment.

[0008] Another inventive aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit system) communicatively coupled to the at least one modem, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one memory stores processor-readable code configured, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, to: receive a dRU assignment for the transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determine a spatial flow global CSD index for the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and, based on the spatial flow global CSD index, transmit the STF of the dRU portion using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to an rRU transmission mode across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment.

[0009] In some aspects, the PPDU includes a long training field (LTF) and a data field. In such aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include setting the transmission power for the STF based on the transmission power associated with the LTF and data field of the PPDU.

[0010] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include setting the transmission power for the STF to be the same as the transmission power for the LTF dRU or the data power for distributed transmission over the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0011] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: obtaining a dRU assignment index allocated to a wireless communication device based on dRU assignment; and determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the dRU assignment index and the spatial stream global CSD index. In such an aspect, EHT-STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0012] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on a spatial stream global CSD index and an association identifier (AID) associated with the wireless communication device. In such an aspect, EHT-STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0013] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on a spatial stream global CSD index and a first frequency modulation index assigned by the dRU. In such an aspect, the EHT-STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0014] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on a spatial stream global CSD index and a start frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to a dRU assignment. In such an aspect, the EHT-STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0015] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: determining the CSD start index for the wireless communication device as a random number between 1 and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the global CSD index of the spatial stream. In such an aspect, EHT-STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0016] In some respects, using frequency modulation planning and sequence across the dRU extended bandwidth to transmit the STF using the corresponding rRU mode includes transmitting the STF every 8 frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0017] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication. The method includes: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; and determining a frequency modulation shift amount of the STF for the dRU portion of the PPDU.

[0018] Another inventive aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit system) communicatively coupled to the at least one modem, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one memory stores processor-readable code configured, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, to: receive a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determine a frequency modulation shift amount for the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and transmit the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to an rRU pattern corresponding to the shifted frequency modulation shift amount.

[0019] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: obtaining a dRU assignment index assigned to a wireless communication device based on a dRU assignment in a user information field, wherein the dRU assignment identifier includes the number of frequency modulations and the bandwidth configuration of the dRU assignment; and determining a frequency modulation shift amount based on the dRU assignment index.

[0020] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: obtaining an AID assigned to a wireless communication device; and determining a frequency modulation shift amount based on the AID.

[0021] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: obtaining a first frequency modulation index assigned to the dRU; and determining a frequency modulation shift amount based on the first frequency modulation index.

[0022] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: obtaining an initial frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to a dRU assignment; and determining a frequency modulation shift amount based on the initial frequency modulation offset.

[0023] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication. The method includes: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determining an STF sequence for the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU to be assigned to a wireless communication device; and, based on the STF sequence, transmitting the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment using a frequency modulation plan corresponding to an rRU transmission mode.

[0024] Another inventive aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit system) communicatively coupled to the at least one modem, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one memory stores processor-readable code configured, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, to: receive a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determine an STF sequence for the dRU portion of the PPDU to be assigned to the wireless communication device; and, based on the STF sequence, transmit the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment using a frequency modulation scheme corresponding to an rRU transmission mode.

[0025] In some respects, determining the STF sequence assigned to the wireless communication device includes: applying an orthogonal sequence to the dRU portion of the PPDU based on the dRU assignment.

[0026] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication. The method includes: receiving a dRU assignment for the transmission of a PPDU; and an STF for transmitting the PPDU using frequency modulation planning of an LTF and a sequence across the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0027] Another inventive aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit system) communicatively coupled to the at least one modem, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one memory stores processor-readable code configured, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, to: receive a dRU assignment for the transmission of a PPDU; and an STF using LTF frequency modulation planning and sequence across the dRU extended bandwidth to transmit the PPDU.

[0028] In some respects, transmitting STFs across the dRU extended bandwidth to PPDUs involves transmitting STFs directly on multiple frequency moduli within the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0029] In some aspects, one or more of the above-described methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media further include: rounding a plurality of frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth to a multiple; and transmitting an STF on the rounded plurality of frequency modulations of the dRU.

[0030] This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to define the scope of the claimed subject matter. This subject matter should be understood with reference to the appropriate portions of the entire specification, any or all drawings, and each claim.

[0031] The foregoing, as well as other features and embodiments, will become more apparent from the following description, claims and accompanying drawings. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0033] Details of one or more aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. However, the drawings illustrate only some typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not intended to limit its scope. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims:

[0034] Figure 1A block diagram of an example wireless communication network is shown, based on some examples;

[0035] Figure 2A Examples of Protocol Data Units (PDUs) for communication between an access point (AP) and one or more stations (STAs) are shown, based on some examples.

[0036] Figure 2B The following are examples. Figure 2A Example fields in a PDU;

[0037] Figure 3A Example Physical (PHY) layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data units (PPDUs) for communication between an AP and one or more STAs are shown, based on some examples.

[0038] Figure 3B Another example PPDU is shown, based on some examples, that can be used for communication between an AP and one or more STAs;

[0039] Figure 4 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device is shown, based on some examples;

[0040] Figure 5A A block diagram of a sample AP based on some examples is shown;

[0041] Figure 5B A block diagram of a sample STA based on some examples is shown;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network transmitting over extended bandwidth is shown, based on some examples;

[0043] Figure 7 Example channel bandwidth configurations that can be used for distributed resource unit (dRU) configurations are shown, based on some examples;

[0044] Figure 8 Example frequency modulation mapping configurations that can be used for dRU configurations are shown, based on some examples;

[0045] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating an example process for transmitting Extremely High Throughput (EHT) - Short Training Field (EHT-STF) using a regular resource unit (rRU) mode across dRU extended bandwidth is shown;

[0046] Figure 10 Timing diagrams for transmitting an EHT-STF with cyclic shift delay (CSD) are illustrated according to some examples;

[0047] Figure 11A flowchart illustrating an example process for transmitting EHT-STF using rRU mode across dRU extended bandwidth is shown, based on some examples.

[0048] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example process for transmitting EHT-STF using rRU mode across dRU extended frequencies is shown, based on some examples.

[0049] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating an example process for transmitting PPDUs using EHT-STF with frequency modulation planning and sequence-cross-dRU extended bandwidth, based on some examples;

[0050] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating an example EHT-STF procedure for transmitting PPDUs using frequency modulation planning and sequence across dRU extended bandwidth, based on several examples, is shown; and

[0051] Figure 15 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device configured to transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth is shown, based on some examples.

[0052] Similar reference numerals and names in different figures indicate similar elements.

[0053] Detailed description

[0054] The following description is directed to certain implementations in order to describe aspects of the innovation of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. The described implementations can be implemented according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, the IEEE 802.15 standard, and as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The described implementation can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the following standards, or those published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)). The described implementation can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Single User (SU) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), and Multi User (MU) MIMO. The described implementation can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs), or Internet of Things (IoT) networks.

[0055] Some wireless communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi or WLAN systems) can support the allocation of multiple resource elements (RUs) over a channel bandwidth. For example, an access point (AP) can assign each of multiple RUs to one or more corresponding stations (STAs). For instance, an AP can transmit downlink (DL) OFDMA communication including multiple RUs, where each RU is addressed to a corresponding STA. Similarly, an AP can transmit scheduling information to multiple STAs indicating RU allocation. RU allocation can indicate which RU each STA will use to transmit uplink (UL) OFDMA communication to the AP. Each of these RUs includes a fixed number of frequency moduloes or subcarriers. Some frequency moduloes (and in some cases, most) are used to carry data symbols, while some frequency moduloes (“pilot moduloes”) are used to carry pilot symbols. Pilot signals can be transmitted along with the data to improve data reception and reliability.

[0056] The configuration of some RUs (e.g., the allocation of data and the location of pilot frequency modulation within each RU) may not efficiently utilize the available transmit power of the transmitting equipment. For example, when communicating via one or more RUs, such as when communicating based on power spectral density (PSD) limits on the communication bandwidth including the one or more RUs, the equipment may reduce power. In some aspects, channel bandwidth may have transmit power constraints (such as regulatory or capability constraints) for communication in the form of PSD (e.g., in a PSD-limited domain). For example, for a low-power indoor (LPI) scenario in the 6 GHz spectrum, uplink communication may be limited to a PSD limit of 1 dBm per MHz, and downlink communication may be limited to a PSD limit of 5 dBm per MHz. Therefore, communication on some RUs may require reduced transmit power to remain within the specified PSD limits. Additionally or alternatively, channel bandwidth may be limited by the available frequency range.

[0057] Compared to conventional RUs (rRUs), distributed RUs (dRUs) propose achieving higher total transmission power and higher transmission power per frequency modulation over a wider bandwidth. In dRU transmission mode, different logical RUs are mapped to physical RUs on a distributed or extended bandwidth. Different physical RUs can be assigned to appropriate communication devices to prevent frequency modulation conflicts. dRU transmission mode operation may include interleaving frequency modulations on the extended bandwidth to allow multiple devices to transmit at higher transmission power while maintaining the spectral efficiency gain provided by ULOFDMA multiplexing. Transmitting Extremely High Throughput (EHT) - Short Training Field (EHT-STF) to control Automatic Gain Control (AGC) settings, DC estimation, and DC offset, thereby receiving EHT Long Training Field (EHT-LTF) and EHT modulated data. In some rRU transmission modes (e.g., in a UL TB Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) employing rRU mode), EHT-STF is transmitted every 8 frequency modulations. This can limit the EHT-STF transmission power in dRU transmission modes and affect AGC settings, DC estimation, and DC offset used for receiving EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data. As used herein, the term PPDU may refer to a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit or a Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) PDU.

[0058] The various aspects described herein relate to non-legacy STF transmission in dRU transmission mode. In the following description, the term "non-legacy" refers to versions and revisions of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards beginning with 802.11be, while "legacy" refers to versions and revisions of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards prior to 802.11be. Some specific examples involve transmitting EHT-STF across the extended dRU bandwidth, rather than transmitting within a continuous group of frequency modulations within the radio channel. In some specific examples, EHT-STF is transmitted across the extended dRU bandwidth with a transmission power determined based on the EHT-LTF and / or EHT modulation data following the EHT-STF in the data unit (e.g., PPDU). In some examples, a global cyclic shift delay (CSD) is employed to transmit non-legacy STF to prevent interference with other wireless communication devices. In some examples, the frequency modulations of non-legacy STFs transmitted by different corresponding STAs are interleaved throughout the extended bandwidth to avoid interference with each other. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, corresponding orthogonal sequences are applied to non-legacy STF frequency modulations transmitted by multiple STAs to avoid conflicts with each other. In some examples, dRU assignment can be used to determine the global CSD index, frequency modulation shift offset, or orthogonal sequence.

[0059] Some aspects further involve non-legacy STF transmissions using frequency modulation planning and sequences associated with non-legacy LTFs. In some examples, dRU assignments can be used to identify the frequency modulation within an extended bandwidth for transmissions to non-legacy LTFs, and the non-legacy STF can be transmitted on the same non-legacy LTF frequency modulation over the extended bandwidth. In some such examples, the non-legacy STF frequency modulation can be rounded from the dRU frequency modulation (using various factors) to maintain desired or appropriate periodicity.

[0060] Specific implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some implementations, the described techniques can be used to transmit non-architectural STFs extended over the dRU bandwidth at a transmission power determined based on non-architectural LTF and non-architectural modulation data. In some aspects, the transmission power of the non-architectural STF can be increased to allow the receiving equipment to correctly determine the AGC settings, DC estimation, and DC offset for receiving non-architectural LTF and non-architectural modulation data. Some of these aspects can employ different techniques, such as implementing CSD to prevent non-architectural STF transmissions (e.g., EHT-STF transmissions) from interfering with non-architectural STF transmissions (e.g., EHT-STF transmissions) from different corresponding STAs. Additionally or alternatively, in some other examples, the non-architectural (e.g., EHT)STF frequency modulations of non-architectural (e.g., EHT)STFs transmitted by different corresponding STAs are interleaved throughout the extended bandwidth to avoid interference with each other. Additionally or alternatively, corresponding orthogonal sequences (such as Hadamard codes) are applied to the non-architectural STF frequency modulations transmitted by multiple STAs to avoid interference with each other. Therefore, the transmission power of the non-architectural (e.g., EHT) STF can be maintained to correctly determine the AGC settings, DC estimates, and DC offsets for receiving non-architectural (e.g., EHT) LTF and non-architectural (e.g., EHT) modulated data. In other aspects, the frequency modulation planning and sequence of the non-architectural (e.g., EHT) LTF can be used to transmit non-architectural (e.g., EHT) STF frequency modulations. In this way, the transmission power of the non-architectural STF can be matched with the transmission power of the non-architectural LTF to correctly determine the AGC settings, DC estimates, and DC offsets for receiving non-architectural LTF and non-architectural modulated data.

[0061] The various aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Other aspects are described in relation to channel bandwidth configuration, system bandwidth configuration, frequency modulation mapping configuration, and timing diagrams. The various aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated and described by way of apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to distributed RU configurations.

[0062] Figure 1A block diagram of an example wireless communication network 100 is shown. Depending on some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a WLAN (such as a Wi-Fi network) (and will be referred to hereinafter as WLAN 100). For example, WLAN 100 may be a network implementing at least one of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard families (such as standards defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be). WLAN 100 may include numerous wireless communication devices, such as AP 102 and multiple STA 104. Although only one AP 102 is shown, WLAN 100 may also include multiple APs 102.

[0063] Each STA 104 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile handheld device, wireless handheld device, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit, etc. STA 104 can represent a variety of devices, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), other handheld devices, netbooks, laptops, tablets, laptops, display devices (e.g., TVs, computer monitors, navigation systems, etc.), music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices (“remote controllers”), printers, kitchen or other household appliances, key fobs (e.g., for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), etc.

[0064] A single AP 102 and its associated set of STAs 104 may be referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS), which is managed by the corresponding AP 102. Figure 1An example coverage area 106 of AP 102 is shown, which may represent the Basic Service Area (BSA) of WLAN 100. The BSA can identify users via a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and other devices via a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which may be the Media Access Control (MAC) address of AP 102. AP 102 periodically broadcasts a beacon frame (“beacon”) including the BSSID, enabling any STA 104 within the wireless range of AP 102 to “associate” or reassociate with AP 102 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 108 with AP 102 (hereinafter also referred to as a “Wi-Fi link”). For example, the beacon may include an identifier of the primary channel used by the corresponding AP 102 and a timing synchronization function for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with AP 102. AP 102 can provide access to external networks to each STA 104 in the WLAN via the corresponding communication link 108.

[0065] In order to establish a communication link 108 with AP 102, each STA 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations (“scanning”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform a passive scan, STA 104 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 102 at periodic time intervals (referred to as Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT) (measured in units of time (TU), where one TU can be equal to 1024 microseconds (μs)). To perform an active scan, STA 104 generates probe requests and transmits these probe requests sequentially on each channel to be scanned, and listens for probe responses from AP 102. Each STA 104 can be configured to identify or select an AP 102 to associate with based on scan information obtained through passive or active scanning, and perform authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 108 with the selected AP 102. At the end of the association operation, AP 102 assigns an Association Identifier (AID) to STA 104, which AP 102 uses to track STA 104.

[0066] As wireless networks become increasingly prevalent, STA 104 can have the opportunity to choose from one of many BSSs within its range or from multiple APs 102 that together form an Extended Service Set (ESS) (comprising multiple connected BSSs). The extended network station associated with WLAN 100 can be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system that allows multiple APs 102 to be connected in such an ESS. Thus, STA 104 can be covered by more than one AP 102 and can be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. After being associated with an AP 102, STA 104 can also be configured to periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with. For example, a STA 104 that is moving relative to its associated AP 102 can perform a "roaming" scan to find another AP 102 with more suitable network characteristics, such as a larger Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or reduced traffic load.

[0067] In some scenarios, STA 104 can form a network without AP 102 or other equipment besides STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Ad hoc networks may also be referred to as mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some scenarios, ad hoc networks can be implemented within a larger wireless network (such as WLAN 100). In such cases, while STA 104 may be able to communicate with each other via communication link 108 through AP 102, STA 104 may also communicate directly with each other via direct wireless link 110. Two STA 104s can communicate via direct communication link 110 regardless of whether the two STA 104s are associated with and served by the same AP 102. In such ad hoc systems, one or more STA 104s may assume the role played by AP 102 in the BSS. Such STA 104s may be referred to as group owners (GOs) and can coordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless links 110 include Wi-Fi Direct connections, connections established using Wi-Fi Tunneling Direct Link Establishment (TDLS) links, and other P2P group connections.

[0068] AP 102 and STA 104 function and communicate (via the corresponding communication link 108) in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family (such as standards defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be). These standards define the WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the physical (PHY) layer and MAC layer. AP 102 and STA 104 transmit and receive wireless communications (hereinafter also referred to as "Wi-Fi communication") to and from each other in the form of PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) (or Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) PDUs). AP 102 and STA 104 in WLAN 100 can transmit PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which can be a portion of a spectrum that includes bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technologies, such as the 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, 60 GHz band, 3.6 GHz band, and 900 MHz band. Some implementations of AP 102 and STA 104 described herein can also communicate in other bands, such as the 6 GHz band, capable of supporting both licensed and unlicensed communication. AP 102 and STA 104 can also be configured to communicate on other bands, such as shared licensed bands, where multiple operators may have licenses to operate in one or more of the same or overlapping bands.

[0069] Each frequency band can include multiple sub-bands or frequency channels. For example, PPDUs conforming to revisions of the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, and 802.11be standards can be transmitted in 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz bands, where each band is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. Thus, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, PPDUs can be transmitted on physical channels with bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz by bonding multiple 20 MHz channels together.

[0070] Each PPDU is a composite structure comprising a PHY preamble and a payload in the form of a PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble can be used by the receiving equipment to decode subsequent data in the PSDU. In instances where the PPDU is transmitted over a bonded channel, the preamble field may be copied and transmitted in each of multiple component channels. The PHY preamble may include both a legacy portion (or "legacy preamble") and a non-legacy portion (or "non-legacy preamble"). The legacy preamble can be used for packet detection, automatic gain control, and channel estimation, among other applications. The legacy preamble is also generally used to maintain compatibility with legacy equipment. The format, decoding, and information provided in the non-legacy portion of the preamble are based on the specific IEEE 802.11 protocol to be used for transmitting the payload.

[0071] Figure 2A An example Protocol Data Unit (PDU) 200 is shown that can be used for wireless communication between AP 102 and one or more STAs 104. For example, PDU 200 can be configured as a PPDU. As shown, PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble 202 and a PHY payload 204. For example, the preamble 202 may include a legacy portion, which itself includes a legacy short training field (L-STF) 206 consisting of two BPSK symbols, a legacy long training field (L-LTF) 208 consisting of two binary phase shift keying (BPSK) symbols, and a legacy signal field (L-SIG) 210 consisting of two BPSK symbols. The legacy portion of the preamble 202 can be configured according to the IEEE 802.11a wireless communication protocol standard. The preamble 202 may also include a non-legacy portion, which includes one or more non-legacy fields 212, for example, that conform to IEEE wireless communication protocols (such as IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be or later wireless communication protocols).

[0072] L-STF 206 generally enables the receiver equipment to perform coarse timing and frequency tracking, as well as AGC. L-LTF 208 generally enables the receiver equipment to perform fine timing and frequency tracking, and also to perform initial estimation of the radio channel. L-SIG 210 generally enables the receiver equipment to determine the duration of the PDU and use the determined duration to avoid transmission over the PDU. For example, L-STF 206, L-LTF 208, and L-SIG 210 can be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme. Payload 204 can be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme, a quadrature BPSK (Q-BPSK) modulation scheme, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme, or another appropriate modulation scheme. Payload 204 may include a PSDU containing a data field (DATA) 214, which may in turn carry higher-level data in the form of, for example, a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) or an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU).

[0073] Figure 2B It shows Figure 2A Example L-SIG 210 in PDU 200. L-SIG 210 includes a data rate field 222, reserved bits (R) 224, a length field 226, parity bits (P) 228, and a tail field 230. The data rate field 222 indicates the data rate (note that the data rate indicated in the data rate field 212 may not be the actual data rate of the data carried in the payload 204). The length field 226 indicates the packet length, for example, in symbols or bytes. The parity bits 228 can be used to detect bit errors. The tail field 230 includes tail bits that can be used by the receiving device to terminate the operation of a decoder (e.g., a Viterbi decoder). The receiving device can use the data rate and length indicated in the data rate field 222 and the length field 226 to determine the packet duration, for example, in microseconds (μs) or other time units.

[0074] Figure 3A An example PPDU 300 is shown that can be used for wireless communication between an AP and one or more STAs. The PPDU 300 can be used for SU, OFDMA, or MU-MIMO transmissions. The PPDU 300 can be formatted as a High Efficiency (HE) WLAN PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ax revision of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard. The PPDU 300 includes a PHY preamble comprising a legacy portion 302 and a non-legacy portion 304. The PPDU 300 may further include a PHY payload 306 (e.g., in the form of a PSDU including a data field 324) after the preamble.

[0075] The legacy portion 302 of the preamble includes L-STF 308, L-LTF 310, and L-SIG 312. The non-legacy portion 304 includes a repetition of L-SIG (RL-SIG) 314, a first HE signal field (HE-SIG-A) 316, a short HE training field (HE-STF) 320, and one or more long HE training fields (or symbols) (HE-LTF) 322. For OFDMA or MU-MIMO communication, the second portion 304 further includes a second HE signal field (HE-SIG-B) 318 encoded separately from HE-SIG-A 316. HE-STF 320 can be used for timing and frequency tracking as well as AGC, and HE-LTF 322 can be used for more refined channel estimation. Similar to L-STF308, L-LTF 310, and L-SIG 312, in instances involving the use of bonded channels, the information in RL-SIG 314 and HE-SIG-A 316 can be copied and transmitted in each component 20MHz channel. In contrast, the content in HE-SIG-B 318 can be unique for each 20MHz channel and for the target-specific STA 104.

[0076] RL-SIG 314 indicates to HE-compatible STA 104 that PPDU 300 is an HE PPDU. AP 102 can use HE-SIG-A316 to identify multiple STAs 104 and notify them that the AP has scheduled UL or DL ​​resources for them. For example, HE-SIG-A316 may include a resource allocation subfield indicating resource allocation for the identified STA 104. HE-SIG-A 316 can be decoded by each HE-compatible STA 104 served by AP 102. For MU transmissions, HE-SIG-A 316 further includes information that can be used by each identified STA 104 to decode the associated HE-SIG-B 318. For example, HE-SIG-A 316 may indicate the frame format (including the location and length of HE-SIG-B 318), available channel bandwidth, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and other examples. HE-SIG-A 316 may also include HE WLAN signaling information that can be used by STAs 104 other than the identified STA 104.

[0077] HE-SIG-B 318 may carry STA-specific scheduling information, such as, for example, STA-specific (or "user-specific") MCS values ​​and STA-specific RU allocation information. In the context of DL MU-OFDMA, this information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field 324. Each HE-SIG-B 318 includes a common field and at least one STA-specific field. The common field may indicate RU allocation (including RU assignment in the frequency domain) for multiple STAs 104, indicating which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmissions and which RUs correspond to MU-OFDMA transmissions, as well as the number of users in the allocation and other examples. The common field may be encoded with common bits, CRC bits, and tail bits. The user-specific field is assigned to a specific STA 104 and may be used to schedule a specific RU and indicate that scheduling to other WLAN devices. Each user-specific field may include multiple user block fields. Each user block field may include two user fields, which contain information about the corresponding RU payload in the two corresponding STA decoding data fields 324.

[0078] Figure 3B Another example PPDU 350 for wireless communication between an AP and one or more STAs is shown. The PPDU 350 can be used for SU, OFDMA, or MU-MIMO transmissions. The PPDU 350 can be formatted as an EHT WLAN PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11be revision of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard, or it can be formatted as any future (post-EHT) version of the PPDU that conforms to a new wireless communication protocol (conforming to future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standards or other wireless communication standards). The PPDU 350 includes a PHY preamble, which includes a legacy portion 352 and a non-legacy portion 354. The PPDU 350 may further include a PHY payload 356 (e.g., in the form of a PSDU including a data field 374) after the preamble.

[0079] The legacy portion 352 of the preamble includes L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362. The non-legacy portion 354 of the preamble includes RL-SIG 364 and signal fields associated with various wireless communication protocol versions following RL-SIG 364. For example, the non-legacy portion 354 may include a general signal field 366 (referred to herein as "U-SIG 366") and an EHT signal field 368 (referred to herein as "EHT-SIG 368"). One or both of U-SIG 366 and EHT-SIG 368 may be configured for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carry information related to that version. The non-legacy portion 354 further includes an additional short training field 370 (referred to herein as "EHT-STF 370," but may also be constructed to carry version-related information for other wireless communication protocol versions besides EHT) and one or more additional long training fields 372 (referred to herein as "EHT-LTF 372," but may be constructed to carry version-related information for other wireless communication protocol versions besides EHT). EHT-STF 370 can be used for timing and frequency tracking and AGC, and EHT-LTF 372 can be used for more refined channel estimation. Similar to L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362, in instances involving the use of bonded channels, the information in U-SIG 366 and EHT-SIG 368 can be replicated and transmitted in each component 20MHz channel. In some implementations, EHT-SIG 368 may additionally or alternatively carry information different from that carried in the primary 20MHz channel in one or more non-primary 20MHz channels.

[0080] EHT-SIG 368 may include one or more jointly encoded symbols and may be encoded in a block different from the block in which U-SIG 366 is encoded. EHT-SIG 368 may be used by the AP to identify multiple STAs 104 and to notify those STAs that the AP has scheduled UL or DL ​​resources for them. EHT-SIG 368 may be decoded by each compatible STA 104 served by AP 102. EHT-SIG 368 may generally be used by the receiving device to decode the bits in data field 374. For example, EHT-SIG 368 may include RU allocation information, spatial flow configuration information, and per-user signaling information (such as MCS) and other examples. EHT-SIG 368 may further include Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) (e.g., 4 bits) and a tail (e.g., 6 bits) that may be used for binary convolutional codes (BCC). In some implementations, EHT-SIG 368 may include one or more code blocks, each containing a CRC and a tail. In some aspects, each code block may be encoded individually.

[0081] EHT-SIG 368 can carry STA-specific scheduling information, such as, for example, user-specific MCS values ​​and user-specific RU allocation information. EHT-SIG 368 can generally be used by the receiving device to decode the bits in data field 374. In the context of DL MU-OFDMA, this information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field 374. Each EHT-SIG 368 may include a common field and at least one user-specific field. The common field may indicate the RU distribution across multiple STAs 104, indicate RU assignment in the frequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmissions and which RUs correspond to MU-OFDMA transmissions, and the number of users in the allocation, among other examples. The common field may be encoded with common bits, CRC bits, and tail bits. The user-specific field is assigned to a specific STA 104 and can be used to schedule specific RUs and indicate this scheduling to other WLAN devices. Each user-specific field may include multiple user block fields. Each user block field may include, for example, two user fields containing information for the two corresponding STAs to decode their respective RU payloads.

[0082] The presence of RL-SIG 364 and U-SIG 366 ensures compatibility with EHT or later versions. STA 104 indicates that PPDU 350 is an EHT PPDU or a PPDU of any later (post-EHT) version conforming to a new wireless communication protocol (conforming to the future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard). For example, U-SIG 366 can be used by the receiving device to interpret bits in one or more of EHT-SIG 368 or data field 374.

[0083] Access to a shared wireless medium is typically managed by a Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). With DCF, there is generally no localized master device allocating time and frequency resources for the shared wireless medium. Instead, a wireless communication device (such as AP102 or STA 104) waits for a specific time before being permitted to transmit data and then contends for access to the wireless medium. In some aspects, wireless communication devices can be configured to implement DCF using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CA) (CSMA / CA) technology and timing intervals. Before transmitting data, the wireless communication device can perform Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) and determine the appropriate wireless channel as idle. CCA includes physical (PHY-level) carrier sensing and virtual (MAC-level) carrier sensing. Physical carrier sensing is performed by measuring the received signal strength of a valid frame, which is then compared to a threshold to determine if the channel is busy. For example, if the received signal strength of the detected preamble is above a threshold, the medium is considered busy. Physical carrier sensing also includes energy detection. Energy detection involves measuring the total energy received by the wireless communication device regardless of whether the received signal represents a valid frame. If the total detected energy exceeds a threshold, the medium is considered busy. Virtual carrier sensing is accomplished using a network allocation vector (NAV), which is an indicator of when the medium may next become idle. The NAV is reset each time a valid frame not addressed to the wireless communication device is received. The NAV effectively serves as the elapsed time before the wireless communication device becomes contentious for access, even if no symbols are detected or even if the detected energy is below the relevant threshold.

[0084] As described above, DCF is implemented using time intervals. These time intervals include slot time (or “slot interval”) and inter-frame spacing (IFS). Slot time is the basic unit of timing and can be determined based on one or more of transmit-receive turnaround time, channel listening time, propagation delay, and MAC processing time. Measurements for channel listening are performed for each slot. The entire transmission can begin at the slot boundary. Different variations of IFS exist, including Short IFS (SIFS), Distributed IFS (DIFS), Extended IFS (EIFS), and Arbitrated IFS (AIFS). For example, DIFS can be defined as the sum of SIFS and twice the slot time. The values ​​of slot time and IFS can be provided by appropriate standard specifications, such as a standard in the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family (such as standards defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be).

[0085] When the NAV reaches 0, the wireless communication device performs physical carrier sensing. If the channel remains idle within a suitable IFS (e.g., DIFS), the wireless communication device initiates a backoff timer, which represents the duration for which the device detects the medium is idle before being allowed to transmit. Each time the medium is detected to be idle during the corresponding time slot interval, the backoff timer is decremented by one time slot. If the channel remains idle until the backoff timer expires, the wireless communication device becomes the owner (or "owner") of the transmission opportunity (TXOP) and can begin transmitting. TXOP is the duration for which the wireless communication device can transmit frames on the channel after winning contention for the wireless medium. On the other hand, if one or more carrier sensing mechanisms indicate that the channel is busy, the MAC controller within the wireless communication device will deny transmission.

[0086] Each time a wireless communication device generates a new PPDU for transmission in a new TXOP, it randomly selects a new backoff timer duration. The available distribution of numbers that can be randomly selected for the backoff timer is called the contention window (CW). When the backoff timer expires, if the wireless communication device transmits a PPDU but the medium is still busy, a collision may occur. If there is too much energy on the wireless channel, resulting in a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), communication may be disrupted or unsuccessfully received. In such instances, the wireless communication device may fail to receive confirmation of the transmitted PDU within the timeout interval. The MAC can then exponentially increase the CW (e.g., double it) and randomly select a new backoff timer duration from the CW before each attempt to retransmit the PPDU. Before each retransmission attempt, the wireless communication device can wait for the duration of the DIFS and, if the medium remains idle, proceed to initiate a new backoff timer. There are different CW and TXOP durations for each of the following four access categories (AC): Voice (AC_VO), Video (AC_VI), Background (AC_BK), and Best Effort (AC_BE). These different durations and access categories allow for prioritization of specific types of traffic within the network.

[0087] Some APs and STAs can be configured to implement spatial reuse techniques. For example, APs and STAs configured to communicate using IEEE 802.11ax or 802.11be can be configured with BSS colors. APs associated with different BSSs can be associated with different BSS colors. If an AP or STA detects a radio packet from another wireless communication device during access contention, the AP or STA can apply different contention parameters based on whether the radio packet was transmitted or received by another wireless communication device within its BSS, or whether it was transmitted from a wireless communication device in an overlapping BSS (OBSS) (as determined by the BSS color indication in the preamble of the radio packet). For example, if the BSS color associated with a radio packet is the same as the BSS color of the AP or STA, the AP or STA can use a first Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) detection threshold when performing CCA on the wireless channel. However, if the BSS color associated with a radio packet differs from the BSS color of the AP or STA, the AP or STA can use a second RSSI detection threshold, which is greater than the first RSSI detection threshold, instead of the first when performing CCA on the radio channel. In this way, the requirement to win contention is relaxed when interference transmissions are associated with the OBSS.

[0088] Figure 4 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 400 is shown. In some aspects, the wireless communication device 400 may be for use with STAs (such as those mentioned above). Figure 1 Examples of devices in one of the multiple STAs 104 described above. In some aspects, wireless communication device 400 may be used for APs (such as those described above). Figure 1 Example of a device in AP 102 described. Wireless communication device 400 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device may be configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of PPDUs and MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs) conforming to IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standards (such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be).

[0089] The wireless communication device 400 may be or may include a chip, system-on-a-chip (SoC), chipset, package, or device comprising one or more modems 402 (e.g., a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 compliant) modem). In some aspects, the one or more modems 402 (collectively, "Modem 402") additionally include a WWAN modem (e.g., a 3GPP 4G LTE or 5G compliant modem). In some aspects, the wireless communication device 400 also includes one or more processors, processing blocks, or processor 404 (collectively, "Processor 404") coupled to the modem 402. In some aspects, the wireless communication device 400 additionally includes one or more radio components 406 (collectively, "Radio Component 406") coupled to the modem 402. In some aspects, the wireless communication device 400 also includes one or more memory blocks or elements (collectively, "Memory 408") coupled to the processor 404 or the modem 402.

[0090] Modem 402 may include intelligent hardware blocks or devices (such as, for example, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and other examples). Modem 402 is typically configured to implement the PHY layer, and in some implementations also implements a portion of the MAC layer (e.g., the hardware portion of the MAC layer). For example, modem 402 is configured to modulate packets and output modulated packets to radio component 406 for transmission over a wireless medium. Similarly, modem 402 is configured to receive modulated packets received by radio component 406 and demodulate these packets to provide demodulated packets. In addition to modulators and demodulators, modem 402 may also include digital signal processing (DSP) circuitry, AGC circuitry, decoders, decoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. For example, when in transmission mode, data obtained from processor 404 may be provided to encoders, which encode the data to provide decoded bits. Subsequently, the encoded bits may be mapped to several (N) SS (N) spatial flows for spatial reuse or several (N) STS ( ) space-time streams for space-time block coding (STBC). Decoded bits in each stream can then be mapped (using the selected MCS) to points in the modulation constellation to provide modulated symbols. Modulated symbols in the corresponding space or space-time streams can be multiplexed, transformed via inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) blocks, and then provided to DSP circuitry (e.g., for Tx windowing and filtering). The digital signal can then be provided to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The resulting analog signal can then be provided to an upconverter and finally to radio component 406. In implementations involving beamforming, the modulated symbols in the corresponding space streams are pre-coded via a guiding matrix before being provided to the IFFT blocks.

[0091] When in receive mode, the DSP circuitry is configured to acquire a signal comprising modulated symbols received from radio component 406, for example, by detecting the presence of the signal and estimating initial timing and frequency offsets. The DSP circuitry is further configured to digitally condition the signal, for example, using channel (narrowband) filtering and analog impairment conditioning (such as correcting I / Q imbalance), and by applying digital gain to ultimately obtain a narrowband signal. The output of the DSP circuitry can then be fed to an AGC, which is configured to use information extracted from the digital signal (e.g., in one or more received training fields) to determine an appropriate gain. The output of the DSP circuitry is also coupled to a demultiplexer that demultiplexes the modulated symbols upon receiving multiple spatial or space-time streams. The demultiplexed symbols can be provided to a demodulator configured to extract symbols from the signal and, for example, calculate the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for each bit position of each subcarrier in each spatial stream. The demodulator is coupled to a decoder configured to process the LLR to provide decoded bits. The decoded bits can then be descrambled and provided to the MAC layer (processor 404) for processing, evaluation, or decoding.

[0092] Radio component 406 generally includes at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter (or “transmitter chain”) and at least one RF receiver (or “receiver chain”), which can be combined into one or more transceivers. For example, each of the RF transmitter and receiver may include various analog circuits, including at least one power amplifier (PA) and at least one low-noise amplifier (LNA), respectively. The RF transmitter and receiver may then be coupled to one or more antennas. For example, in some aspects, wireless communication device 400 may include or be coupled to multiple transmit antennas (each with a corresponding transmit chain) and multiple receive antennas (each with a corresponding receive chain). Symbols output from modem 402 are provided to radio component 406, which then transmits these symbols via the coupled antennas. Similarly, symbols received via the antennas are acquired by radio component 406, which then provides these symbols to modem 402.

[0093] Processor 404 may include intelligent hardware blocks or devices designed to perform the functions described herein, such as, for example, processing cores, processing blocks, central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), ASICs, programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. Processor 404 processes information received via radio component 406 and modem 402, and processes information to be output via modem 402 and radio component 406 for transmission over a wireless medium. For example, processor 404 may implement a control plane and at least a portion of a MAC layer configured to perform various operations related to the generation, transmission, reception, and processing of MPDUs, frames, or packets. In some aspects, the MAC layer is configured to: generate MPDUs for delivery to a PHY layer for decoding, and receive decoded information bits from the PHY layer for processing as MPDUs. The MAC layer may be further configured to allocate time and frequency resources, for example, for OFDMA, or other operations or techniques. In some respects, processor 404 can typically control modem 402 to enable the modem to perform the various operations described above.

[0094] Memory 408 may include tangible storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof. Memory 408 may also store non-transient processor or computer-executable software (SW) code containing instructions that, when executed by processor 404, cause the processor to perform various operations described herein for wireless communication, including the generation, transmission, reception, and interpretation of MPDUs, frames, or packets. For example, the various functions of the components disclosed herein, or the various blocks or steps of the methods, operations, processes, or algorithms disclosed herein, may be implemented as one or more modules of one or more computer programs.

[0095] Figure 5A A block diagram of an example AP 502 is shown. For example, AP 502 could be a reference... Figure 1 The described example implementation of AP 102. AP 502 includes a wireless communication device (WCD) 510 (but AP 502 itself may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, as used herein). For example, wireless communication device 510 may be a reference Figure 4An example implementation of the described wireless communication device 400 is described. AP 502 also includes a plurality of antennas 520 coupled to the wireless communication device 510 for transmitting and receiving wireless communications. In some aspects, AP 502 additionally includes an application processor 530 coupled to the wireless communication device 510, and a memory 540 coupled to the application processor 530. AP 502 also includes at least one external network interface 550 that enables AP 502 to communicate with a core network or backhaul network to obtain access to external networks, including the Internet. For example, external network interface 550 may include one or both of a wired (e.g., Ethernet) network interface and a wireless network interface (such as a WWAN interface). Some of the above components may communicate directly or indirectly with other components via at least one bus. AP 502 also includes a housing that encloses at least a portion of the wireless communication device 510, application processor 530, memory 540, and antennas 520 and external network interface 550.

[0096] Figure 5B A block diagram of example STA 504 is shown. For example, STA 504 can be a reference. Figure 1 The example implementation of STA 104 described herein. STA 504 includes wireless communication device 515 (but STA 504 itself may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, as used herein). For example, wireless communication device 515 may be a reference... Figure 4 An example implementation of the described wireless communication device 400. STA 504 also includes one or more antennas 525 coupled to the wireless communication device 515 for transmitting and receiving wireless communications. STA 504 additionally includes an application processor 535 coupled to the wireless communication device 515, and a memory 545 coupled to the application processor 535. In some aspects, STA 504 further includes a user interface (UI) 555 (such as a touchscreen or keyboard) and a display 565, which can be integrated with the UI 555 to form a touchscreen display. In some aspects, STA 504 may also include one or more sensors 575 (such as, for example, one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors). Some of the above components can communicate directly or indirectly with other components via at least one bus. STA 504 also includes a housing that surrounds at least a portion of the wireless communication device 515, the application processor 535, the memory 545, and the antennas 525, UI 555, and display 565.

[0097] As described above, a frequency band (such as a 6.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band) can have channels defined within that band. These values ​​describe the frequency range near a given frequency value that belongs to a frequency band identified by a specific frequency number. Each frequency band can have a uniform sub-channel bandwidth (such as 20 MHz), which is used to cover the total bandwidth associated with a given frequency band. As mentioned above, some WLAN devices are able to transmit at higher bandwidths by concurrently using multiple sub-channels (referred to as "channel bonding"), allowing these devices to use sub-channels efficiently with shared signaling overhead. By increasing the number of sub-channels bonded to a channel, a channel with greater bandwidth (referred to as a wideband channel) can be created. Such wideband channels can improve efficiency by limiting signaling usage and increasing the signaling efficiency of the band. As channel bandwidth increases, the complexity of channel access and contention for the channel with other devices also increases. Larger channel bandwidths lead to transmission power limitations and the complexity of fairly sharing band resources among different devices, in addition to fundamental issues in implementing wideband channel architectures.

[0098] Legacy systems include support for smaller bandwidth channels in various Open Channel Assessment (CCA) modes. Full CCA in this mode includes energy detection and preamble detection CCA checks on a given combination of channel bandwidths to determine whether the channel is busy or idle, and random backoff if the CCA result indicates idleness. These legacy CCA modes may include non-punctured transmission modes with poor spectral efficiency and less flexibility in choosing operating bandwidth. Legacy CCA modes may also include per-20MHz punctured transmission modes. Per-20MHz punctured transmission modes allow for improved spectral efficiency but use hardware resources and have the additional overhead of more complex preamble forms in transmission. A third mode includes a Triggered-Based (TB)PPDU mode. The third mode may include per-20MHz bit mapping and Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS) CCA checks. The third mode may include enhanced distributed channel access on each 20MHz sub-channel and uses only the energy detection threshold without the preamble detection CCA threshold, although the third mode is not qualified as a standalone full CCA check for normal channel contention and access.

[0099] The aspects described in this paper address the aforementioned issues generally related to CCA mode and operation, enabling wireless communication using wide-bandwidth channels with a bandwidth equal to or greater than 240 MHz.

[0100] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network 600 transmitting over extended bandwidth (also referred to herein as distributed bandwidth) is shown. Wireless communication network 600 may be an example of wireless communication network 100 and may include AP 102-a and STA 104-a, which may be references. Figure 1Examples of the corresponding devices described. AP 102-a provides network coverage for coverage area 106. AP 102-a and STA 104-a can communicate on communication link 605 (e.g., transmitting data or pilot signals on uplink or downlink). AP 102-a and STA 104-a can utilize one or more dRUs 610 to improve frequency diversity gain and gain power advantage in communication.

[0101] Wireless communication network 600 (e.g., a Wi-Fi system or WLAN) can use logical RUs as building blocks of dRU 610. Wireless communication network 600 can include different numbers (N) of frequency modulations distributed across allocated bandwidths (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz). In some examples, logical RU26 includes a set of 26 frequency modulations distributed across the bandwidth, logical RU52 includes a set of 52 frequency modulations distributed across the bandwidth, and logical RU106 includes a set of 106 frequency modulations distributed across the bandwidth. Transmitting equipment (e.g., AP 102-a or STA 104-a) can extend the frequency modulations of the logical RUs over a specific bandwidth to gain a power advantage in transmission (e.g., increasing transmit power while maintaining PSD limits). In this way, although the logical RU may correspond to a narrowband, it can be extended over a wider frequency domain. For example, AP 102-a can distribute the frequency modulations of dRU 610 across channel bandwidth 615. In some examples, the aggregation bandwidth of frequency modulation (e.g., in terms of the number of frequency modulations) may be less than the number of frequency modulations associated with the channel bandwidth 615.

[0102] In rRU transmission mode, logical RUs are grouped in continuous frequency modulation because the maximum transmission power can be based on a fixed power over the entire bandwidth (e.g., 24 dBm or 0.25 watts). In some respects, the rRU frequency modulation used for data frequency modulation and pilot frequency modulation is identified in the continuous range marked in Table 1 below.

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Table 1

[0106] In some respects, sequential RU assignment will limit the transmission power in a dRU, and logical RUs are spread across the entire distributed bandwidth to maximize transmission power. This paper further discusses example frequency sets used in dRU transmissions, such as those discussed below. Figure 7 .

[0107] Figure 7An example channel bandwidth configuration 700 is shown that can be used for dRU configurations including logical RUs of smaller sizes (e.g., RU26) and logical RUs of larger sizes (e.g., RU106). Channel bandwidth configuration 700 can define possible frequency modulation allocations for channel bandwidth 705, which can be as described herein (e.g., refer to...). Figure 6 Example of channel bandwidth 615. Channel bandwidth configuration 700 can support the transmission of data frequency modulation 715 and pilot frequency modulation 720 distributed over channel bandwidth 705 for multiple DRUs.

[0108] Channel bandwidth 705 may include a set of assignable frequency moduli (e.g., frequency moduli carrying information such as data or pilot signals) and a set of unassigned or additional frequency moduli (e.g., frequency moduli not carrying data or pilot signals). Unassigned frequency moduli may act as buffers or be used for interference cancellation. Figure 7 In the example shown, the data frequency tune and pilot frequency tune 720 may be examples of assignable frequency tunes, while the edge frequency tune 725, DC frequency tune 730, and empty frequency tune 735 may be examples of unassigned frequency tunes. In some aspects, the edge frequency tune 725 may be referred to as a leading unassigned edge frequency tune, and the edge frequency tune 725 may be referred to as a following or trailing unassigned edge frequency tune. In some cases, some unassigned frequency tunes in a logic RU of a smaller size may be data frequency tunes 715 in a logic RU of a larger size. For example, RU242 does not include any empty frequency tune 735.

[0109] (Examples) DC frequency modulation 730 may span a certain amount of frequency modulation at the center of channel bandwidth 705. In the example shown, channel bandwidth 705 includes two half-bandwidths 710 (e.g., half-bandwidth 710-a and half-bandwidth 710-b), which in some implementations may be referred to as negative half-bandwidth 710-a and positive half-bandwidth 710-b. Each half-bandwidth 710 may include a subset of data frequency modulation 715 and a subset of pilot frequency modulation 720 bounded by unassigned frequency modulation (e.g., edge frequency modulation 725 or a portion of DC frequency modulation 730). Data frequency modulation 715 and pilot frequency modulation 720 may include frequency modulations assigned to multiple dRUs. In some aspects, some or all (e.g., most) of the frequency modulations in data frequency modulation 715 may be examples of frequency modulation groups extended in intervals over half-bandwidths 710-a and 710-b. These frequency modulations are distributed in intervals to minimize peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).

[0110] In some aspects, Table 2 illustrates a dRU 610 that distributes EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data over a channel bandwidth of 615 using frequency modulation sets 620-a and 620-b. In some other aspects, Table 3 illustrates another dRU 610 that distributes EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data over a channel bandwidth of 615 using different frequency modulation sets 620-a and 620-b. Other dRU 610s, channel bandwidths 615, and distribution designs are also possible and can be supported by a wireless communication network 600. In some aspects, the distribution designs and configurations of dRU 610s with higher bandwidths and greater numbers of frequency modulations (e.g., 52, 102, 242, 484, and 996 frequency modulations) are described herein with reference to Tables 4 and 5. Other distribution designs and configurations of dRU 610s with different numbers of frequency modulations are also within the scope of this disclosure.

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Table 2

[0114]

[0115] Table 3

[0116] The frequency modulation modes of frequency modulation sets 620-a and 620-b are provided by EHTS. A:B:C The notation represents and identifies the frequency modulation on each of the B subcarrier indices from subcarrier A to C. In some implementations, the frequency modulation patterns may not be continuous and may be extended over different half-bandwidths 710-a and 710-b to accommodate DC frequency modulation and guard intervals. In this way, the EHTS notation can include a list of frequency modulation sets. For example, dRU1 [-118:9:-10,8:9:116] List two sequences: frequency bands -118 to -10 in 9-tone intervals, and frequency bands 8 to 116 in 9-tone intervals. For example, dRU1 [-118:9:-10,8:9:116] Including frequency modulations -118, -109, -100, -91, -82, -73, -64, -55, -46, -37, -28, -19, -10, 8, 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, and 116.

[0117] In some implementations, a larger logical RU (e.g., RU52, RU106) may identify the allocation of a smaller logical RU. For example, in Tables 2 and 3, dRU1 of RU52 combines dRU1 and dRU2 of RU26. In some implementations, a larger logical RU may also include additional frequency moduli not assigned to a smaller logical RU. For example, dRU1 in RU106 combines dRU1-4 of RU26 and also combines frequency moduli-3 and 3. In some aspects, because empty subcarriers are used to eliminate interference between different transmitting devices, a smaller RU may not be able to allocate each frequency moduli. Because a larger logical RU reduces the number of transmitting devices, some empty subcarriers may not be needed.

[0118] Channel bandwidth 615 may include a set of assignable frequency moduli (e.g., frequency moduli carrying information such as data or pilot signals) and a set of unassigned or additional frequency moduli (e.g., frequency moduli not carrying data or pilot signals). Unassigned frequency moduli may act as buffers or be used for interference cancellation. The 20MHz band may include 242 frequency moduli, and therefore may include 234 assignable frequency moduli from which data frequency moduli for dRU 610 can be selected. Each frequency moduli set 620 may include 26 frequency moduli, such that two frequency moduli sets 620-a and 620-b may include 26 data frequency moduli for one dRU 610 (e.g., logical RU26).

[0119] In some implementations, the transmitting equipment may allocate a larger channel bandwidth 615 (e.g., 40MHz or 80MHz) to the dRU 610 to obtain frequency diversity gain and transmit power advantages. For example, the maximum transmit power in the PSD-limited band is 12dBm for 20MHz, 15dBm for 40MHz, and 18dBm for 80MHz. In some aspects, the maximum transmit power may be lower due to unassigned frequency modulation (e.g., empty frequency modulation). Higher bandwidth can also accommodate larger logical RUs, such as RU242, RU484 frequency modulation, and RU996. Table 4 below illustrates example frequency modulation patterns for frequency modulation sets 620-a and 620-b for distributing EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data over a 40MHz bandwidth, and Table 5 illustrates example frequency modulation patterns for frequency modulation sets 620-a and 620-b for distributing EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data over an 80MHz bandwidth. Other distributed designs and configurations of the dRU 610 with different frequencies are also within the scope of this disclosure.

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Table 4

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Table 5

[0126] Additionally or alternatively, the dRU 610 may be based on other factors. For example, the type or format of the data to be transmitted in the dRU 610 may determine the frequency modulation allocation or data frequency modulation mapping used for the dRU 610. Uncompressed long training fields (LTFs) (such as 4x LTFs) may be used to transmit data in each pilot frequency modulation and each data frequency modulation in the data frequency modulation set. Compressed LTFs (e.g., LTFs with a frequency modulation group factor Ng greater than 1, such as 1x or 2x LTFs) may transmit a value on a set of frequency modulations. For example, a 2x LTF may transmit a value on a set of two frequency modulations (such as by using one of the two frequency modulations in that set). In these cases, the transmitting device may support 2x LTFs by transmitting one data frequency modulation from each set of data frequency modulations. In other cases, the device may not use compressed LTFs and may transmit uncompressed 4x LTFs.

[0127] Figure 8 An example frequency modulation mapping configuration 800 that can be used for dRU configuration is shown. Frequency modulation mapping configuration 800 illustrates an example of data frequency modulation 810 extended across half-bandwidth 825-a and half-bandwidth 825-b. Channel bandwidth 805 may include unassigned frequency modulations (e.g., including unassigned edge frequency modulations 820-a and 820-c and unassigned DC frequency modulation 820-b) and assignable frequency modulations (e.g., assignable frequency modulations 825-a and 825-b). Assignable frequency modulations may include a subset of data frequency modulations 810 uniformly spaced across half-bandwidth 825-a and half-bandwidth 825-b. For example, Figure 8 Example 2 shows dRU1 of logic RU26 in Table 2, whose frequency modulation mode is dRU1. [-118:9:-10,8:9:116] This corresponds to frequency bands -118 to -10, which are intervals of nine frequencies, and frequency bands 8 to 116, which are intervals of nine frequencies. For example, dRU1 may include frequency bands -118, -109, -100, -91, -82, -73, -64, -55, -46, -37, -28, -19, -10, 8, 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, and 116.

[0128] While this document describes mapping configuration 800 for logical RU26, other sizes of logical RUs are also supported, as mentioned above. In some implementations, a larger RU size may be based on a smaller logical RU (such as RU26). For example, to support a DRU with 52 frequency modulations, each logical RU52 may include two logical RU26s (e.g., logical RU26s may be defined according to the frequency modulation mapping configurations discussed with reference to Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5).

[0129] In some respects, EHT-STF is used to determine AGC settings, DC estimation, and DC correction. For example, EHT-STF depends on the periodicity and quantity of the analysis bandwidth to determine and set AGC settings, DC estimation, and DC correction. In some examples, after setting AGC settings, DC estimation, and DC correction, EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data can be received.

[0130] In some aspects, in UL TB PPDUs with rRU mode, EHT-STFs are transmitted every eight frequency modulations to provide accurate measurements of the entire bandwidth. The EHT-STFs can be used for channel estimation, which in turn can be used to demodulate symbols in the EHT modulated data based on the channel estimation. In rRU mode, the EHT-STFs are repeated eight times in the time domain with a symbol period of 12.8 μs, with each EHT-STF having a period of 1.6 μs. rRU mode features continuous frequency modulation, and maximum power transmission is very limited in PSD-constrained applications. However, in dRU transmissions, there are different frequency modulation intervals and maximum power transmission requirements that can affect the transmission of EHT-STFs.

[0131] In some respects, transmitting EHT-STF across the dRU extended frequency allows the use of existing EHT-STF frequency modulations as defined in regular transmissions within dRU transmission mode. In other respects, EHT-STF can be configured to transmit across the dRU extended BW using existing STF frequency modulations used for regular transmissions.

[0132] In some respects, the maximum transmit power of an EHT-STF is determined based on the number of signals in the PSD-limited band and the bandwidth consumed by the signals. For example, for UL, the maximum transmit PSD in the 6GHz LPI band can be -1dBm / MHz, and the maximum power transmittance can be determined by Equation 1:

[0133]

[0134] In some respects, the EHT-STF used for TB PPDU is controlled by EHTS in the 20MHz spectrum. –120:8:120 It indicates that, and includes 30 frequency modulations, the EHT-STF for the TB PPDU is powered by EHTS in the 40MHz spectrum.–248:8:248 It indicates that it includes 62 frequency modulations, and the EHT-STF used for the TB PPDU is controlled by EHTS in the 80MHz spectrum. –504:8:504 This indicates that it includes 126 frequency modulations. In each EHT-STF, the center frequency modulation EHTS0 is a DC carrier and is not assigned. In this way, the maximum power transfer of the EHT-STF in the 20MHz dRU is 10.76dBm, the maximum power transfer of the EHT-STF in the 40MHz dRU is 13.91dBm, and the maximum power transfer of the EHT-STF in the 80MHz dRU is 16.99dBm.

[0135] Due to differences in the number and distribution patterns of frequency modulations, the maximum transmission power of EHT-STF will differ from that of EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data. Table 5 below illustrates the maximum transmission power of different logical RU configurations at different bandwidths, and Table 6 below illustrates the difference between the maximum transmission power of EHT-STF and the maximum transmission power of EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data.

[0136] Logical RU 20MHz (dBm) 40MHz (dBm) 80MHz (dBm) RU26 10.21dBm 13.22dBm 13.22dBm RU52 11.46dBm 13.22dBm 16.23dBm RU106 11.74dBm 14.55dBm 16.31dBm RU242 n / a 14.46dBm 16.89dBm RU484 n / a n / a 17.47dBm RU996 n / a n / a n / a

[0137] Table 6

[0138] Table 7 below illustrates the difference between the maximum transmission power of EHT-STF and the maximum transmission power of EHT-LTF and EHT modulated data.

[0139] Logical RU 20MHz (dBm) 40MHz (dBm) 80MHz (dBm) RU26 -0.55dBm -0.69dBm -3.77dBm RU52 0.7dBm -0.69dBm -0.76dBm RU106 0.98dBm 0.64dBm -0.68dBm RU242 n / a 0.55dBm -0.1dBm RU484 n / a n / a 0.48dBm RU996 n / a n / a n / a

[0140] Table 7

[0141] In some respects, a maximum power difference of 1 dB may not result in significant performance degradation based on incorrect AGC settings, and the device may benefit from transmitting over greater distances with greater transmission power. Some of these respects can utilize the EHT-STF mode from the rRU mode and extend the EHT-STF across every 8 frequency modulations in the dRU.

[0142] In some other respects, the transmission power of EHT-STF can be set to the transmission power of EHT-LTF because regulatory measurements can average dRU transmissions over a longer period than EHT-STF. In some cases, when regulators capture dRU data to ensure regulatory compliance, they capture spectrum analysis of over 4000 packets and perform averaging functions so that the EHT-STF transmission power does not affect the overall PSD. In this scenario, a higher EHT-STF transmission power will not affect the total transmission power and will comply with regulatory requirements. In some respects, the EHT-STF power per frequency modulus will be equal to the total LTF power divided by the number of EHT-STF frequency modulus in the extended bandwidth.

[0143] In some cases, transmitting EHT-STF based on rRU mode can lead to unintentional beamforming. In some examples, different wireless communication devices will extend over the same bandwidth and use the same EHT-STF frequency modulation scheme, potentially causing EHT-STF signals to overlap within the same bandwidth and resulting in conflicting transmission frequencies of the STF symbols. In this scenario, EHT-STF transmissions from different wireless communication devices may have the same channel response, such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with the same or different symbols, and conflicts may occur to affect EHT-STF power measurements. In some examples, if two wireless communication devices have the same channel response and different symbols, the conflict will cause the transmitted EHT-STF signals to cancel each other out.

[0144] In some respects, unintentional beamforming can be prevented or minimized by introducing a CSD to prevent collisions. In this way, each transmitting device can have a global CSD (e.g., a spatial stream CSD, i.e., a CSD for each stream), which is unique and applies to the transmission of EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and EHT modulated data in dRU transmission mode. For example, a spatial stream CSD can be applied to all EHT modulation fields, including EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and modulated data. This paper discusses (such as references) Figure 9 EHT-STF transmission with CSD.

[0145] In some respects, unintentional beamforming can be prevented or minimized by interleaving EHT-STF frequency modulation. In this case, each transmitter device can have a unique offset to apply EHT-STF in rRU mode. This paper discusses (such as references) Figure 11 It features EHT-STF transmission with frequency modulation interleaving.

[0146] In some respects, unintentional beamforming can be prevented or minimized by applying orthogonal sequences to EHT-STF in rRU mode. In this case, a unique orthogonal sequence can be applied to each transmitting device to minimize interference. This paper discusses (such as references) Figure 12 It features EHT-STF transmission with frequency modulation interleaving.

[0147] In some respects, due to the different number of STF frequency moduli used for padding, the EHT-STF can be modified to transmit on the EHT-LTF dRU frequency moduli. In some cases, the EHT-STF frequency modulation can be modified to transmit both the STF frequency moduli and the data dRU transmission frequency moduli on the EHT-LTF. In this way, there will be no difference in maximum power transmission between the EHT-STF and EHT-LTF. In some respects, the dRU frequency moduli cannot maintain STF periodicity every 8 frequency moduli because the bandwidth is divided into the first half bandwidth 710-a and the second half bandwidth 710-b due to the DC frequency moduli and the guard interval frequency moduli. Periodicity may not significantly affect performance because packet detection has already been completed and periodicity may not be necessary. The periodicity of the EHT-STF is also not important for power measurements used to set the AGC gain. In some examples, the receiver equipment can implement a notch filter to handle DC estimation and correction.

[0148] In this respect, EHT-STF is transmitted on the dRU frequency modulation with a 4x symbol duration while minimizing PAPR. In such an example, a 4x EHT-LTF sequence is used as the new STF sequence. The STF sequence is 12.8 μs long, and a 3.2 μs cyclic prefix (CP) can be added to fix the STF symbol duration to 16 μs, which is the duration of the EHT-LTF.

[0149] In some aspects, the transmitting equipment may transmit in a hybrid mode with both rRU and dRU portions. In this case, symbol boundary alignment issues between the two portions can cause transmission problems. For example, in a PPDU or aggregated PPDU (APPDU), misalignment may exist at the STF symbol boundary between the rRU's STF and the dRU's STF. In such an example, the STF for the rRU has a period of 8 μs, and the STF for the dRU has a period of 16 μs. In this case, the EHT-STF frequency modulation can be transmitted by rounding the dRU frequency modulation index to a multiple of 2 or 4 and transmitting the STF on the rounded frequency modulation. In some aspects, the STF obtains a period of 8 μs or 4 μs, and one or two periods are spent to force the dRU's STF to last 8 μs.

[0150] In some of these cases, the STF frequency modulation index can be identified in Equation 2 for 1x EHT-LTF sequences and Equation 3 for 2x EHT-LTF sequences.

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] In some respects, the dRU frequency modulus can be rounded to the nearest STF frequency modulus, and the STF can be transmitted on a closed STF frequency modulus. In some respects, the STF frequency modulus index can be identified in Equation 4 below. For example, a 4x EHT-LTF sequence is used for the STF frequency modulus identified in Equation 4.

[0154]

[0155] In this respect, STF frequency modulation is transmitted periodically, but rounding may conflict with frequency modulation transmitted from nearby equipment, leading to unintentional beamforming. To prevent conflicts, a global CSD can be applied to STF frequency modulation to prevent them. This article (such as references) Figure 9 This describes a global CSD. In this respect, the number of STF modulations used for the dRU in a given bandwidth is less than or equal to the existing defined STF modulations used for the rRU. In this way, the dRU modulation mapping extension using this rounding form is not as wide as the existing STF modulation extension, which may result in a larger power difference in the PSD-limited band. References to this document, etc. Figure 13 The use of EHT-LTF for frequency modulation planning and sequence-based bandwidth extension across dRUs to transmit PPDUs is discussed.

[0156] In some respects, EHT-STF can be periodically transmitted by identifying a frequency modulus with uniform intervals defined in the existing rRU mode across the dRU extended bandwidth. In such respects, the existing EHT-STF frequency modulus defined in the rRU mode is identified as EHTS in the 20MHz spectrum. –120:8:120This includes 30 frequency tunes and 9 different dRU configurations, each of which can be assigned 3 or 4 STF frequency tunes without conflict. EHT-STF frequency tunes can be assigned across the dRU extended bandwidth using the EHT-STF frequency tunes defined in the rRU mode to ensure uniform and fair spacing. In some respects, the frequency tunes used for EHT-STF can be identified as a subset of the rRU EHT-STF frequency tunes, which includes [-120 -112 -104 -96 -88 -80 -72 -64 -56 -48 -40 -32 -24 -16 -8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120]. Table 8 identifies the subsets of EHT-STF frequency tunes used for each logical RU26 dRU group and their corresponding frequency tunes.

[0157]

[0158] Table 8

[0159] In some respects, logical RUs of larger sizes can be combined by combining logical RUs of smaller sizes. Table 9 below illustrates an example assignment of EHT-STF frequency modulation for transmission in rRU mode over a 20MHz bandwidth.

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] Table 9

[0163] In some other aspects, existing STF frequencies for regular (e.g., rRU) transmissions on the dRU extended bandwidth are uniformly assigned to different dRUs, and the STF frequencies allocated for each dRU are approximately uniformly distributed across the dRU extended bandwidth. The number of STF frequencies assigned to a dRU is approximately equal to the number of STF frequencies assigned to the corresponding rRU, and each different dRU is assigned a distinct, non-overlapping dRU frequency. In some aspects, the allocation of existing STF frequencies for each dRU may be based on a subset of dRU data frequencies that overlap with existing STF frequencies in that dRU. In some other aspects, the allocation of STF frequencies for each dRU may be based on rounding the dRU data frequencies to match the STF frequencies and transmitting an STF on the rounded data frequencies as the STF frequency for that dRU. In some other aspects, the allocation of STF frequencies for each dRU may be based on shifting the selected dRU frequencies to the nearest STF frequency. For example, an STF frequency tune can be selected from the rRU frequency tune, and the selected STF frequency tune and the rRU frequency tune will be mapped together into the dRU frequency tune. In such an example, the dRU frequency tune corresponding to the selected STF frequency tune will be further shifted to the nearest defined STF frequency tune for STF transmission within that dRU. As described above, for rRU transmission, EHT-STF is transmitted on the STF frequency tune within its assigned rRU frequency tune.

[0164] In some respects, for larger bandwidth dRUs, each 20MHz is divided into separate groups, and STF frequency modulation is assigned based on the RU242 allocation relative to that bandwidth shown in Table 9. This paper discusses (such as references) Figure 14 dRU EHT-STF transmission on the STF frequency band defined in rRU mode.

[0165] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating an example process 900 for transmitting an STF (e.g., an EHT-STF) using an rRU mode across a dRU extended bandwidth is shown, according to some aspects. Although process 900 is described relative to EHT-STF, process 900 can be performed for any type of STF. In some aspects, process 900 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as those referenced above). Figure 4 The process 900 is performed by the described wireless communication device 400. In some aspects, the process 900 can be performed by an AP (such as those described above, referred to separately). Figure 1 and Figure 5A (either of the described AP 102 and 502) or STA (as described above, see references respectively) Figure 1 and Figure 5B The STA 104 or STA504 described is used to execute this.

[0166] As mentioned above, for example, refer to Figure 7 Transmitting EHT-STF based on the STF frequency modulation sequence defined in existing rRU modes can lead to unintentional beamforming. For example, different STAs may spread over the same extended bandwidth and use the same EHT-STF frequency modulation scheme, potentially causing EHT-STF overlap within the same extended bandwidth and resulting in conflicting transmission frequencies of the STF symbols. In this scenario, if two STAs have the same channel response but different symbols, the conflict will cause the signals to cancel each other out, and the receiver will not be able to accurately measure the EHT-STF power. In some cases, unintentional beamforming can be minimized by implementing delay diversity (such as CSD) to prevent conflicts.

[0167] In some aspects, in box 902, the wireless communication device receives a dRU assignment for the transmission of the dRU portion of the PPDU. For example, the dRU assignment may be received from an AP or a STA. In some examples, the dRU assignment is included in the user information field of the PPDU. In some aspects, the dRU assignment may include or be associated with frequency modulation quantity and bandwidth configuration.

[0168] In some aspects, in block 904, the wireless communication device determines the spatial flow global CSD index of the EHT-STF for the dRU portion of the PPDU. In some aspects, in block 906, the wireless communication device, based on the spatial flow global CSD index, transmits the EHT-STF of the dRU portion across the dRU extension bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment, using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the existing STF frequency modulation and STF sequence defined in the conventional transmission mode (which may be referred to herein as the rRU mode). In some cases, a phase ramp is applied to the EHT-STF in the frequency domain to create a time delay corresponding to the CSD. The STF frequency modulation is distributed across the dRU extension frequency based on the rRU mode.

[0169] In some aspects, wireless communication devices can obtain a dRU assignment index allocated to them based on dRU assignment. For example, the CSD starting index can be determined based on the dRU assignment index and the maximum number of spatial stream supports (Nss_max) associated with the CSD table corresponding to the global CSD index of spatial streams. In some examples, the maximum number of spatial stream supports is 8. In some examples, the maximum number of spatial stream supports can be 16 or other ranges. Wireless communication devices can determine the CSD starting index for transmitting EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the dRU assignment index and the global CSD index of spatial streams. Wireless communication devices can transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD starting index. Table 10 below illustrates the RU allocation subfield in the EHT variant user information field, which can be used to identify the global RU index based on the number of spatial stream supports.

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173]

[0174]

[0175] Table 10

[0176] For example, in a 20MHz bandwidth, the maximum number of spatial streams (SS) supported, Nss_max, is 8, and there are 8 corresponding unique SS indices. Different numbers of spatial streams are also within the scope of this disclosure. Using the RU allocation field, unique SS indices can be obtained from the RU allocation subfield values. For example, RU allocation subfield value 1 indicates that the transmitting device is configured with RU26 and corresponds to the unique RU index RU2. Similarly, RU allocation subfield value 38 indicates that the transmitting device is configured with RU52 and corresponds to the unique RU assignment index RU2. In some aspects, the CSD starting index is determined based on the RU assignment index (e.g., from the trigger frame) and the modulus of the maximum number of spatial streams supported, Nss_max. Each unique SS index can be mapped to a CSD indicated in Table 11 below. In this way, each wireless communication device is assigned a different CSD and transmits EHT-STF without interfering with other wireless communication devices.

[0177] SS Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CSD(ns) 0 -400 -200 -600 -350 -650 -100 -750

[0178] Table 11

[0179] In some other aspects, the wireless communication device obtains an AID assigned to it. The wireless communication device can determine the CSD start index for transmitting EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the AID and the spatial flow global CSD index. The wireless communication device can transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index. In some aspects, the CSD start index is determined based on the AID and the maximum number of spatial flows supported associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index. For example, the CSD start index can be the modulus of the AID and the maximum number of spatial flows supported, Nss_max.

[0180] In some other aspects, the wireless communication device obtains the first frequency modulation index assigned by the dRU. The wireless communication device may determine the CSD starting index for transmitting EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the spatial flow global CSD index and the first frequency modulation index. The wireless communication device may transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD starting index. In some aspects, the CSD starting index is determined based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index. For example, the CSD starting index may be the modulus of the first frequency modulation index assigned by the dRU and the maximum number of spatial flow supports Nss_max.

[0181] In some other aspects, the wireless communication device obtains an initial frequency modulation offset associated with the dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment (e.g., relative to the first (1) st ) data frequency modulation or first (1 st (The starting frequency modulation offset of the dRU allocation). The wireless communication device can determine the CSD starting index for transmitting EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the starting frequency modulation offset and the spatial stream global CSD index. The wireless communication device can transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD starting index. In some aspects, the CSD starting index is determined based on the starting frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial stream global CSD index. For example, the CSD starting index can be the modulus of the starting frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial stream supports Nss_max.

[0182] In some other aspects, the wireless communication device obtains a random number between 1 and the maximum spatial stream support number Nss_max from a random number generator. The maximum spatial stream support number Nss_max can be associated with a CSD table corresponding to the global CSD index of the spatial stream. The wireless communication device can determine the CSD start index for the wireless communication device as a random number. The wireless communication device can transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index. In this respect, the random number can be applied to dRUs with a small number of frequency modulations and no channel smoothing (e.g., RU26). In some aspects, if the receiving device does not know the CSD start index, channel smoothing may not be performed for larger dRUs in some implementations.

[0183] In some respects, the spatial flow global CSD index is assigned to one or more other wireless communication devices connected to the same AP. For example, each other wireless communication device connected to the same AP is assigned a different CSD starting index to prevent collisions.

[0184] In some respects, wireless communication devices set the transmission power for EHT-STF based on the LTF dRU transmission power. For example, the wireless communication device sets the transmission power for EHT-STF to be the same as the LTF dRU transmission power or the data power used for distributed transmission over the dRU extended bandwidth. In other respects, wireless communication devices set the transmission power for EHT-STF based on power spectral density constraints.

[0185] In some aspects, transmitting EHT-STF using frequency modulation planning and sequences across the dRU extended bandwidth corresponding to the rRU mode includes transmitting EHT-STF every 8 frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth. In this case, the dRU extended bandwidth includes an uplink power limit based on power per MHz; increasing the bandwidth yields higher uplink power and a greater transmission range. For example, in a 6 GHz LPI transmission scheme, the uplink power limit is -1 dBm / MHz.

[0186] In some respects, PPDUs transmitted by wireless communication devices include dRUs and rRUs. In this case, the rRU portion of the PPDU is transmitted based on a localized CSD index.

[0187] Figure 10 Timing diagram 1000 for transmitting an EHT-STF with cyclic shift delay (CSD) is illustrated. In some examples, wireless communication devices may transmit an EHT-STF with CSD in the same frequency bandwidth to achieve delay diversity and prevent the EHT-STF frequency modulation from colliding and interfering with other wireless communication devices. In some aspects, eight wireless communication devices may transmit in the dRU bandwidth, and each wireless communication device may have a different CSD delay selected to prevent collisions. For example, these different CSD delays may include 0 ns, -100 ns, -200 ns, -350 ns, -400 ns, -600 ns, -650 ns, and -750 ns. In some examples, the CSD delay values ​​are optimized to minimize power measurement errors in some typical operating modes.

[0188] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1100 for transmitting an STF (e.g., an EHT-STF) using rRU mode across a dRU extended bandwidth is shown, according to some aspects. Although process 1100 is described relative to EHT-STF, process 1100 can be performed for any type of STF. In some aspects, process 1100 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as those referenced above). Figure 4 The wireless communication device 400 described above may be used to perform the process. In some aspects, the process 1100 may be performed by an AP (such as those described above, referred to separately). Figure 1 and Figure 5A(either of the described AP 102 and 502) or STA (as described above, see references respectively) Figure 1 and Figure 5B The STA 104 or STA 504 described herein shall be used to perform this action.

[0189] As mentioned above, for example, refer to Figure 7 Transmitting EHT-STF in rRU mode can lead to unintentional beamforming. For example, different STAs may spread over the same bandwidth and use the same EHT-STF frequency modulation scheme, potentially causing EHT-STFs to overlap on the same bandwidth and resulting in conflicting transmission frequency modulations of the STF symbols. In this scenario, if two STAs have the same channel response but different symbols, the conflict will cause the signals to cancel each other out, and the receiver will not receive the EHT-STF. In some cases, unintentional beamforming can be reduced or minimized by applying frequency modulation shifting and interleaving the EHT-STF frequency modulations.

[0190] In some aspects, in block 1102, the wireless communication device receives a dRU assignment for the transmission of the dRU portion of the PPDU. Using the dRU, the wireless communication device can determine a unique identifier. In some aspects, the dRU assignment can be used to identify distinguishing information, such as those referenced above. Figure 9 The SS index is described. In other respects, the first frequency modulation index assigned by the AID or dRU of the wireless communication device can be used as distinguishing information.

[0191] In some aspects, in block 1104, the wireless communication device determines the frequency modulation shift amount of the EHT-STF for the dRU portion of the PPDU. For example, using an RU assignment index, the wireless communication device may determine the shift amount based on the RU assignment index and the modulus of the frequency modulation interval (or the maximum number of spatial stream supports), which may be 8, 16, or other intervals as described above. In some other examples, the wireless communication device may shift the frequency modulation amount based on an AID assigned to the wireless communication device, or based on an initial frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment. In some other examples, the frequency modulation shift amount is determined based on a random number between 1 and the interval of the frequency modulation interval or the maximum number of spatial stream supports, which may be 8, 16, or other intervals as described above.

[0192] In some respects, in block 1106, the wireless communication device uses a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the rRU pattern of the mobile arrival frequency modulation shift amount to transmit the EHT-STF of the dRU portion across the dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment. Other wireless communication devices may each have a unique frequency modulation shift amount and will each use a different frequency modulation to transmit the EHT-STF to prevent collisions.

[0193] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1200 for transmitting an STF (e.g., an EHT-STF) using rRU mode across dRU extended frequencies is shown, according to some aspects. Although process 1200 is described relative to EHT-STF, process 1200 can be performed for any type of STF. In some aspects, process 1200 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as those referenced above). Figure 4 The described wireless communication device 400) performs the procedure. In some aspects, the process 1200 can be performed by an AP (such as those described above, see references to each). Figure 1 and Figure 5A (either of the described AP 102 and 502) or STA (as described above, see references respectively) Figure 1 and Figure 5B The STA 104 or STA 504 described herein shall be used to perform this action.

[0194] As mentioned above, for example, refer to Figure 7 Transmitting EHT-STF in rRU mode can lead to unintentional beamforming that causes problems. For example, different STAs may spread over the same extended bandwidth and use the same EHT-STF frequency modulation scheme, potentially causing EHT-STFs to overlap within the same extended bandwidth and resulting in conflicting transmission frequency modulations of the STF symbols. In this scenario, if two STAs have the same channel response but different symbols, the conflict will cause the signals to cancel each other out, and the receiver will not receive the EHT-STF. In some cases, unintentional beamforming can be reduced or minimized by applying orthogonal sequences to the EHT-STF frequency modulation.

[0195] In some aspects, in block 1202, the wireless communication device receives a dRU assignment for the transmission of the dRU portion of the PPDU. Using the dRU, the wireless communication device can determine a unique identifier. In some aspects, the dRU assignment can be used to identify distinguishing information, such as those referenced above. Figure 9 The described RU assignment index. In other respects, the first frequency modulation index of the AID or dRU assignment of the wireless communication device can be used as distinguishing information.

[0196] In some aspects, within box 1204, the wireless communication device determines the STF sequence assigned to it for the EHT-STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU. In some aspects, unique information about the wireless communication device may be used to select a unique STF sequence (such as a Hadamard code) or other codes that can be applied to existing STF sequences to distinguish the wireless communication device from other wireless communication devices.

[0197] In some aspects, in box 1206, the wireless communication device transmits the EHT-STF of the dRU portion across the dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment, based on an STF sequence and using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the rRU mode. For example, the wireless communication device applies a unique STF sequence assigned to it to the EHT-STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU, and then transmits that EHT-STF. Each wireless communication device will apply a different STF sequence to the dRU to prevent EHT-STF collisions.

[0198] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1300 for transmitting a PPDU using an STF (e.g., EHT-STF) with frequency modulation planning and sequence across dRU extended bandwidth, based on some aspects of an LTF (e.g., EHT-LTF). While process 1300 is described relative to EHT-STF and EHT-LTF, process 1300 can be performed for any type of STF and / or LTF. In some aspects, process 1300 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as those referenced above). Figure 4 The described wireless communication device 400) performs the procedure. In some aspects, the process 1200 can be performed by an AP (such as those described above, see references to each). Figure 1 and Figure 5A (either of the described AP 102 and 502) or STA (as described above, see references respectively) Figure 1 and Figure 5B The STA 104 or STA 504 described herein shall be used to perform this action.

[0199] In some aspects, in block 1302, the wireless communication device receives a dRU assignment for the transmission of the dRU portion of the PPDU. Using the dRU, the wireless communication device can determine a unique identifier. In some aspects, the dRU assignment can be used to identify unique information of the wireless communication device, such as the RU assignment index, the AID of the wireless communication device, the first frequency modulation index or the initial frequency modulation offset of the dRU assignment, as referenced above. Figure 9 The description is as follows. In some respects, the dRU assignment identifies the EHT-LTF configuration, as shown in Tables 2 through 5 above.

[0200] In some aspects, within block 1304, the wireless communication device uses the frequency modulation planning and sequence of the EHT-LTF across the dRU extended bandwidth to transmit the EHT-STF of the PPDU. In some aspects, the wireless communication device may round multiple frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth to multiple multiple frequency modulations and transmit the EHT-STF on the rounded frequency modulations of the dRU.

[0201] The EHT-LTF sequence can use different periods based on this multiple. For example, when the multiple corresponds to a value of 2, a 2x EHT-LTF sequence can be used to transmit an EHT-STF. In some aspects, when the multiple corresponds to a value of 1, a 4x EHT-LTF sequence can be used to transmit an EHT-STF. In some other aspects, when the multiple corresponds to a value of 4, a 1x EHT-LTF sequence can be used to transmit an EHT-STF.

[0202] In some other respects, the STF can be transmitted directly on the dRU frequency modulation and can include 4x LTF sequences as the STF sequence. In this case, a fixed-length cyclic prefix can be added to the EHT-STF to fix the symbol duration of the EHT-STF.

[0203] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1400 for transmitting a PPDU using a frequency modulation planning and sequence across the dRU extended bandwidth according to some aspects of an rRU mode STF (e.g., EHT-STF). Although process 1400 is described relative to EHT-STF, process 1400 can be performed for any type of STF. In some aspects, process 1400 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as those referenced above). Figure 4 The described wireless communication device 400) performs the procedure. In some aspects, the process 1200 can be performed by an AP (such as those described above, see references to each). Figure 1 and Figure 5A (either of the described AP 102 and 502) or STA (as described above, see references respectively) Figure 1 and Figure 5B The STA 104 or STA 504 described herein shall be used to perform this action.

[0204] In some aspects, in block 1402, the wireless communication device receives a dRU assignment for the transmission of the dRU portion of the PPDU. Using the dRU, the wireless communication device can determine a unique identifier. In some aspects, the dRU assignment can be used to identify distinguishing information, such as those referenced above. Figure 9 The described RU assignment index. In other respects, the first frequency modulation index of the AID or dRU assignment of the wireless communication device can be used as distinguishing information.

[0205] In some aspects, within box 1404, the wireless communication device identifies the EHT-STF frequency modulus in the frequency modulation planning and sequence that corresponds to the existing STF frequency modulus defined using the conventional transmission mode, based on dRU assignment and dRU extended bandwidth. In some aspects, the wireless communication device may use the dRU assignments identified in Table 10 and identify the STF frequency modulus identified in Tables 8 and 9. For example, the RU sub-assignment field shown in Table 10 may be used to identify dRU assignments, and the STF frequency modulus for the EHT-STF assignment may be identified in Tables 8 and 9.

[0206] In some respects, in box 1406, the wireless communication device uses the existing STF frequency modulation across the dRU extended bandwidth as defined according to the conventional transmission mode to transmit the EHT-STF of the PPDU. In some respects, the frequency modulation across the dRU extended bandwidth is extended uniformly and does not interfere with other wireless communication devices.

[0207] In some other aspects, existing STF frequencies for rRU transmission are uniformly assigned to different dRUs, and the STF frequencies allocated for each dRU are approximately uniformly distributed across the dRU extended bandwidth. The number of STF frequencies assigned to a dRU is approximately equal to the number of STF frequencies assigned to the corresponding rRU, and each different dRU is assigned a distinct, non-overlapping dRU frequency. In some aspects, the allocation of existing STF frequencies for each dRU may be based on a subset of dRU data frequencies that overlap with existing STF frequencies in that dRU. In some other aspects, the allocation of STF frequencies for each dRU may be based on rounding the dRU data frequencies to match the STF frequencies and transmitting STF on the rounded data frequencies as the STF frequencies for that dRU. In some other aspects, the allocation of STF frequencies for each dRU may be based on shifting the selected dRU frequencies to the nearest STF frequencies. For example, an STF frequency tune can be selected from the rRU frequency tune, and the selected STF frequency tune and the rRU frequency tune will be mapped together into the dRU frequency tune. In such an example, the dRU frequency tune corresponding to the selected STF frequency tune will be further shifted to the nearest defined STF frequency tune for STF transmission within that dRU. As described above, for rRU transmission, EHT-STF is transmitted on the STF frequency tune within its assigned rRU frequency tune.

[0208] Figure 15A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1500 configured to transmit an STF (e.g., an EHT-STF) across the dRU extended bandwidth is shown, according to some aspects. While the operation of the wireless communication device 1500 is described relative to EHT-STF, the wireless communication device 1500 can perform similar operations for any type of STF. In some aspects, the wireless communication device 1500 is configured to perform one or more of the above-described procedures or EHT-STF configurations. These configurations may include using an rRU mode or using, for example... Figure 7 and Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 Process 1200 Figure 13 Process 1300 and Figure 14 The EHT-LFT frequency modulation planning and sequence EHT-STF configuration described in process 1400, and any other EHT-STF configuration or process described herein. Wireless communication device 1500 may be the above reference. Figure 4 The described wireless communication device 400 is an example of a chip, SoC, chipset, package, or device that includes at least one modem (e.g., a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or cellular modem such as modem 402), at least one processor (such as processor 404), at least one radio component (such as radio component 406), and at least one memory (such as memory 408). In some aspects, the wireless communication device 1500 may be for use with STA (such as those described above, respectively referred to). Figure 1 and Figure 5B The device described is one of STA 104 and 504. In some other aspects, the wireless communication device 1500 may be a STA that includes such a chip, SoC, chipset, package or device and at least one antenna (such as antenna 525).

[0209] The wireless communication device 1500 may include a dRU configuration module 1502, a dRU PHY protocol module 1504, an rRU configuration module 1506, and an rRU PHY protocol module 1508. A portion of one or more of modules 1502, 1504, 1506, and 1508 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, the dRU configuration module 1504 may be implemented at least partially by one or more modems (e.g., a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem). In some aspects, at least some of modules 1502, 1504, 1506, and 1508 are implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a portion of one or more of modules 1502, 1504, 1506, and 1508 may be implemented as non-transient instructions (or "code") executable by at least one processor to perform the function or operation of the respective module.

[0210] The dRU configuration module 1504 can be configured to configure dRU allocation based on dRU assignment, such as frequency modulation configuration. As described herein, the dRU configuration module 1502 can also configure the EHT-STF for configuration in rRU mode or using an EHT-LTF sequence. The dRU PHY protocol module 1504 can be configured to set the power of the EHT-STF based on the number of frequency modulations or based on the EHT-LTF.

[0211] rRU configuration module 1506 can be configured for rRU allocation across non-distributed transmissions of bandwidth not limited by PSD. rRU configuration module 1406 can provide dRU configuration module 1502 with information related to transmitting EHT-STF in rRU mode. rRU PHY protocol module 1508 can configure the transmission of rRU signals based on rRU mode.

[0212] As used herein, unless otherwise expressly stated, “or” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense. For example, “a or b” may include only a, only b, or a combination of a and b. As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover the following examples: only a, only b, only c, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, and a combination of a and b with c.

[0213] The various exemplary components, logic, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents. This interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of its functionality and exemplified in the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0214] Various modifications to the aspects described in this disclosure may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be granted the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0215] The various features described in different aspects of this specification may also be implemented in combination in one aspect. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single aspect may also be implemented separately or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple aspects. Thus, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination, and even initially claimed in this way, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may be for sub-combinations or variations thereof.

[0216] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the diagrams, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the shown specific order or sequential order, or to perform all shown operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or flow diagrams. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of the various system components in the aspects described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

[0217] The illustrative aspects of this disclosure include:

[0218] Aspect 1. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determining a spatial flow global CSD index for an STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and transmitting the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU based on the spatial flow global CSD index, using a frequency modulation plan corresponding to an rRU transmission mode and a sequence across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment.

[0219] Aspect 2. The method according to aspect 1, wherein the PPDU includes a long training field (LTF) and a data field, and the method further includes setting a transmission power for the STF based on a transmission power associated with the LTF and the data field of the PPDU.

[0220] Aspect 3. The method according to aspect 2 further includes setting the transmission power for the STF to be the same as the transmission power of the LTF and the data field associated with the PPDU.

[0221] Aspect 4. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3 further includes setting the transmission power for the STF based on a power spectral density limit.

[0222] Aspect 5. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein determining the spatial flow global CSD index comprises: obtaining a dRU assignment index allocated to the wireless communication device based on the dRU assignment; and determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the dRU assignment index and the spatial flow global CSD index; wherein the STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0223] Aspect 6. The method according to aspect 5, wherein the CSD start index is based on the dRU assignment index and the maximum number of spatial flow support associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index.

[0224] Aspect 7. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, further comprising: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the spatial stream global CSD index and an association identifier (AID) associated with the wireless communication device; wherein the STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0225] Aspect 8. The method according to aspect 7, wherein the CSD starting index is based on the AID and the maximum number of spatial flow support associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index.

[0226] Aspect 9. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, further comprising: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the spatial flow global CSD index and the first frequency modulation index of the dRU assignment; wherein the STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0227] Aspect 10. The method according to aspect 9, wherein the CSD starting index is based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index.

[0228] Aspect 11. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, further comprising: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the spatial flow global CSD index and a start frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment; wherein the STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0229] Aspect 12. The method according to aspect 11, wherein the CSD start index is based on the start frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index.

[0230] Aspect 13. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, further comprising: determining a CSD start index for the wireless communication device to transmit the STF as a random number between 1 and a maximum number of spatial flow support associated with a CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index; wherein transmitting the STF is based on the CSD start index and transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0231] Aspect 14. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the spatial flow global CSD index is assigned to one or more other wireless communication devices connected to the same AP, and wherein a different CSD start index is assigned to each wireless communication device connected to the same AP.

[0232] Aspect 15. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein transmitting the STF across the dRU extended bandwidth using the frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the rRU mode comprises: transmitting the STF every 8 frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0233] Aspect 16. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the dRU extended bandwidth includes an uplink power limit based on power per MHz.

[0234] Aspect 17. The method according to aspect 16, wherein the uplink power limit is -1dBm / MHz.

[0235] Aspect 18. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 17, wherein the PPDU comprises a dRU and an rRU, and the method further comprises: transmitting the rRU of the PPDU based on a localized CSD index.

[0236] Aspect 19: A wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), a processor (or multiple processors) coupled to a transceiver, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code. The processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: receive a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determine a spatial flow global CSD index for the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and, based on the spatial flow global CSD index, transmit the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to an rRU transmission mode across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment.

[0237] Aspect 20: A wireless communication device according to aspect 19, wherein the PPDU includes a long training field (LTF) and a data field, and wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to set the transmission power for the STF based on the transmission power associated with the long training field (LTF) and the data field of the PPDU.

[0238] Aspect 21: The wireless communication device according to aspect 20, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to set the transmission power for the STF to be the same as the transmission power of the LTF and the data field associated with the PPDU.

[0239] Aspect 22: A wireless communication device according to any one of aspects 19 to 21, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to set the transmission power for the STF based on a power spectral density limit.

[0240] Aspect 23: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 22, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: obtain a dRU assignment index allocated to the wireless communication device based on the dRU assignment; determine a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the dRU assignment index and the spatial flow global CSD index; and transmit an EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0241] Aspect 24: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 23, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD starting index based on the dRU assignment index and the maximum number of spatial flow support associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index.

[0242] Aspect 25: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 24, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: determine a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the spatial stream global CSD index and an association identifier (AID) associated with the wireless communication device; and transmit an EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0243] Aspect 26: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 25, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD starting index based on the AID and the maximum number of spatial flow support associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index.

[0244] Aspect 27: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 26, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: determine a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the spatial stream global CSD index and a first frequency modulation index assigned by the dRU; and transmit an EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0245] Aspect 28: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 27, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD starting index based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with a CSD table corresponding to the spatial stream global CSD index.

[0246] Aspect 29: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 28, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: determine a CSD start index for the wireless communication device based on the spatial stream global CSD index and a start frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment; and transmit EHT-STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0247] Aspect 30: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 29, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD start index based on the start frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the spatial stream global CSD index.

[0248] Aspect 31: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 30, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: determine a CSD start index for the wireless communication device as a random number between 1 and the maximum number of spatial flow support associated with a CSD table corresponding to the spatial flow global CSD index; and transmit the STF across the dRU extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

[0249] Aspect 32: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 31, wherein the spatial flow global CSD index is assigned to one or more other wireless communication devices connected to the same AP, and wherein a different CSD start index is assigned to each wireless communication device connected to the same AP.

[0250] Aspect 33: A wireless communication device according to any one of aspects 19 to 32, wherein the STF is transmitted across the dRU extended bandwidth using the frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the rRU mode, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to transmit the STF every 8 frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0251] Aspect 34: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 33, wherein the dRU extended bandwidth includes an uplink power limit based on power per MHz.

[0252] Aspect 35: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 19 to 34, wherein the uplink power limit is -1 dBm / MHz.

[0253] Aspect 36: A wireless communication device according to any one of aspects 19 to 35, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: transmit the rRU of the PPDU based on a localized CSD index.

[0254] Aspect 37. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; and determining a frequency modulation shift amount of an STF for the dRU portion of the PPDU.

[0255] Aspect 38. The method according to aspect 37 further includes: obtaining a dRU assignment index allocated to the wireless communication device; and determining the frequency modulation shift amount based on the dRU assignment index.

[0256] Aspect 39. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 38, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the dRU assignment index and 8.

[0257] Aspect 40. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 39, further comprising: obtaining an AID assigned to the wireless communication device; and determining the frequency modulation shift amount based on the AID.

[0258] Aspect 41. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 40, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the AID and 8.

[0259] Aspect 42. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 41, further comprising: obtaining a first frequency modulation index of the dRU assignment; and determining the frequency modulation shift amount based on the first frequency modulation index.

[0260] Aspect 43. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 42, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial streams supported.

[0261] Aspect 44. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 43, further comprising: obtaining an initial frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment; and determining the frequency modulation shift amount based on the initial frequency modulation offset.

[0262] Aspect 45. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 44, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the initial frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial stream supports.

[0263] Aspect 46. The method according to any one of Aspects 37 to 45, further comprising: determining the frequency modulation shift amount as a random number between 1 and the maximum number of spatial stream supports.

[0264] Aspect 47: A wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), a processor (or multiple processors) coupled to a transceiver, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code. The processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: receive a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determine a frequency modulation shift amount for the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU; and transmit the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment using a frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to an rRU pattern corresponding to the shifted frequency modulation shift amount.

[0265] Aspect 48: The wireless communication device according to aspect 47, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: obtain a dRU assignment index assigned to the wireless communication device based on the dRU assignment in a user information field, wherein the dRU assignment identifier includes the dRU assignment including the frequency modulation quantity and the bandwidth configuration of the dRU assignment; and determine the frequency modulation shift amount based on the dRU assignment index.

[0266] Aspect 49: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 48, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the dRU assignment index and 8.

[0267] Aspect 50: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 49, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: obtain an AID assigned to the wireless communication device; and determine the frequency modulation shift amount based on the AID.

[0268] Aspect 51: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 50, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the AID and 8.

[0269] Aspect 52: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 51, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: obtain a first frequency modulation index assigned by the dRU; and determine the frequency modulation shift amount based on the first frequency modulation index.

[0270] Aspect 53: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 52, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial streams supported.

[0271] Aspect 54: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 53, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: obtain an initial frequency modulation offset associated with a dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment; and determine the frequency modulation shift amount based on the initial frequency modulation offset.

[0272] Aspect 55: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 54, wherein the frequency modulation shift amount is based on the initial frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial streams supported.

[0273] Aspect 56: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 47 to 55, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: determine the frequency modulation shift amount as a random number between 1 and the maximum number of spatial streams supported.

[0274] Aspect 57. A method of wireless communication by a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determining an STF sequence for an STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU assigned to the wireless communication device; and transmitting the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment, using a frequency modulation plan corresponding to an rRU transmission mode and a sequence based on the STF sequence.

[0275] Aspect 58. The method according to aspect 57, wherein determining the STF sequence assigned to the wireless communication device comprises: applying an orthogonal sequence to the STF of the dRU portion of the PPDU based on the dRU assignment.

[0276] Aspect 59. The method according to any one of Aspects 57 to 58, wherein the orthogonal sequence comprises Hadamard code.

[0277] Aspect 60: A wireless communication device includes at least one modem (e.g., implemented in a circuit system), a processor (or multiple processors) coupled to a transceiver, and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code. The processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: receive a dRU assignment for transmission of a dRU portion of a PPDU; determine an STF sequence for the dRU portion of the PPDU to be assigned to the wireless communication device; and, based on the STF sequence, transmit the STF of the dRU portion using a frequency modulation scheme corresponding to an rRU transmission mode and a sequence across a dRU extended bandwidth associated with the dRU assignment.

[0278] Aspect 61: The wireless communication device according to aspect 60, wherein determining the STF sequence assigned to the wireless communication device includes: applying an orthogonal sequence to the dRU portion of the PPDU based on the dRU assignment.

[0279] Aspect 62: A wireless communication device according to any one of aspects 60 to 61, wherein the orthogonal sequence includes Hadamard code.

[0280] Aspect 63. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving a dRU assignment for transmission of a PPDU; and transmitting an STF of the PPDU using a frequency modulation scheme of a long training field (LTF) and a sequence across the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0281] Aspect 64. The method according to aspect 63, wherein the STF for transmitting the PPDU across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises transmitting the STF directly on a plurality of frequency moduli of the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0282] Aspect 65. The method according to any one of Aspects 63 to 64, further comprising: transmitting the STF of the PPDU across the plurality of frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth, comprising: transmitting the STF using a 4x EHT-LTF sequence.

[0283] Aspect 66. The method according to any one of Aspects 63 to 65, wherein transmitting the STF of the PPDU across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises: rounding a plurality of frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth to a multiple; and transmitting the STF on the rounded plurality of frequency modulations of the dRU.

[0284] Aspect 67. The method according to any one of aspects 63 to 66, wherein the multiple is a multiple of 2.

[0285] Aspect 68. The method according to any one of Aspects 63 to 67, wherein transmitting the STF of the PPDU using the frequency modulation planning and sequence of the EHT-LTF across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises transmitting the STF using a 2xEHT-LTF sequence.

[0286] Aspect 69. The method according to any one of aspects 63 to 68, wherein the multiple is a multiple of 4.

[0287] Aspect 70. The method according to any one of Aspects 63 to 69, wherein transmitting the STF of the PPDU using the frequency modulation planning and sequence of the EHT-LTF across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises transmitting the STF using a 1xEHT-LTF sequence.

[0288] Aspect 71. The method according to any one of aspects 63 to 70, wherein the multiple is a multiple of 8.

[0289] Aspect 72. The method according to any one of aspects 63 to 71, wherein the STF is transmitted over a 4x symbol duration.

[0290] Aspect 73. The method according to any one of aspects 63 to 72 further includes adding a fixed-length cyclic prefix to the STF to fix the symbol duration of the STF.

[0291] Aspect 74: An apparatus comprising a memory (e.g., implemented in a circuit system) and a processor (or a plurality of processors) coupled to the memory. The processor (or the plurality of processors) is configured to: receive a dRU assignment for the transmission of a PPDU; and transmit an STF of the PPDU using frequency modulation planning and sequence across the dRU extended bandwidth using an EHT-LTF.

[0292] Aspect 75: The apparatus according to aspect 74, wherein the STF for transmitting the PPDU across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises transmitting the STF directly on a plurality of frequency moduli of the dRU extended bandwidth.

[0293] Aspect 76: The apparatus according to any one of Aspects 74 to 75, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the STF of the PPDU across the plurality of frequency modulations of the dRU extended bandwidth, comprising: transmitting the STF using a 4x EHT-LTF sequence.

[0294] Aspect 77: An apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 76, wherein the processor is configured to: round a plurality of frequency moduli of the dRU extended bandwidth to a multiple; and transmit the STF on the plurality of frequency moduli after the rounding of the dRU.

[0295] Aspect 78: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 77, wherein the multiple is a multiple of 2.

[0296] Aspect 79: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 78, wherein transmitting the STF of the PPDU using the frequency modulation planning and sequence of the EHT-LTF across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises transmitting the STF using a 2x EHT-LTF sequence.

[0297] Aspect 80: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 79, wherein the multiple is a multiple of 4.

[0298] Aspect 81: The apparatus according to any one of Aspects 74 to 80, wherein transmitting the STF of the PPDU using the frequency modulation planning and sequence of the EHT-LTF across the dRU extended bandwidth comprises transmitting the STF using a 1x EHT-LTF sequence.

[0299] Aspect 82: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 81, wherein the multiple is a multiple of 8.

[0300] Aspect 83: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 82, wherein the STF is transmitted over a 4x symbol duration.

[0301] Aspect 84: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 83, wherein the processor is configured to add a fixed-length cyclic prefix to the STF to fix the symbol duration of the STF.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication via a wireless station, the method comprising: Receive a Distributed Resource Unit (dRU) assignment from a wireless access point, the dRU assignment being used for uplink transmission of a first dRU of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the PPDU comprising a set of dRUs including the first dRU according to a dRU transmission mode, each dRU in the set comprising a corresponding set of frequency modulations distributed over the same extended bandwidth of the wireless channel through which the PPDU is to be transmitted. as well as The first dRU, together with a short training field (STF), is transmitted to the wireless access point over the extended bandwidth. The STF is transmitted on a second frequency modulation set according to a frequency modulation plan associated with an rRU associated with a regular resource unit (rRU) transmission mode. The symbol set of the STF is transmitted on the second frequency modulation set according to a symbol sequence associated with the rRU and according to a CSD associated with a first global cyclic shift delay (CSD) index of the first dRU, which is different from one or more other global CSD indices associated with one or more other dRUs in the dRU set of the PPDU.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU includes a long training field (LTF) and a data field, and the method further includes setting a transmission power for the STF based on the transmission power associated with the LTF and the data field of the PPDU.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising setting the transmission power for the STF to be the same as the transmission power of the LTF and the data field associated with the PPDU.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Obtain the dRU assignment index assigned to the radio station based on the dRU assignment; as well as The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined based on the dRU assignment index and the first global CSD index. The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the CSD starting index is based on the dRU assignment index and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined based on the first global CSD index and the association identifier (AID) associated with the wireless station; The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the CSD starting index is based on the AID and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined based on the first global CSD index and the first frequency modulation index of the dRU assignment. The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the CSD starting index is based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The CSD starting index for the radio station is determined based on the first global CSD index and the starting frequency modulation offset associated with the dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment; and The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the CSD start index is based on the start frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial flow supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined to be a random number between 1 and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index; The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first global CSD index is assigned to one or more other wireless stations connected to the same AP, and wherein a different CSD starting index is assigned to each wireless station connected to the same AP.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the STF across the extended bandwidth using the frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the rRU transmission mode comprises: The STF is transmitted every 8 frequency modulations of the extended bandwidth.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU comprises a dRU and an rRU, and the method further comprises: The rRU that issues the PPDU based on the localized CSD index.

16. A wireless station, comprising: At least one modem; At least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the at least one modem; as well as At least one memory communicatively coupled to and storing processor-readable code, the processor-readable code being configured to, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, be: Receive a Distributed Resource Unit (dRU) assignment from a wireless access point, the dRU assignment being used for uplink transmission of a first dRU of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the PPDU comprising a set of dRUs including the first dRU according to a dRU transmission mode, each dRU in the set comprising a corresponding set of frequency modulations distributed over the same extended bandwidth of the wireless channel through which the PPDU is to be transmitted. as well as The first dRU, together with a short training field (STF), is transmitted to the wireless access point over the extended bandwidth. The STF is transmitted on a second frequency modulation set according to a frequency modulation plan associated with an rRU associated with a regular resource unit (rRU) transmission mode. The symbol set of the STF is transmitted on the second frequency modulation set according to a symbol sequence associated with the rRU and according to a CSD associated with a first global cyclic shift delay (CSD) index of the first dRU, which is different from one or more other global CSD indices associated with one or more other dRUs in the dRU set of the PPDU.

17. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the PPDU includes a long training field (LTF) and a data field, and wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to set a transmission power for the STF based on the transmission power associated with the long training field (LTF) and the data field of the PPDU.

18. The wireless station of claim 17, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to set the transmission power for the STF to be the same as the transmission power of the LTF and the data field associated with the PPDU.

19. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: Obtain the dRU assignment index assigned to the radio station based on the dRU assignment; The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined based on the dRU assignment index and the first global CSD index; and The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

20. The wireless station of claim 19, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD starting index based on the dRU assignment index and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

21. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined based on the first global CSD index and the association identifier (AID) associated with the wireless station; and The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

22. The wireless station of claim 21, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD starting index based on the AID and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

23. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined based on the first global CSD index and the first frequency modulation index of the dRU assignment; and The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

24. The wireless station of claim 23, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: determine the CSD starting index based on the first frequency modulation index and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

25. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: The CSD starting index for the radio station is determined based on the first global CSD index and the starting frequency modulation offset associated with the dRU frequency modulation table corresponding to the dRU assignment; and The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

26. The wireless station of claim 25, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to determine the CSD starting index based on the starting frequency modulation offset and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index.

27. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: The CSD starting index for the wireless station is determined as a random number between 1 and the maximum number of spatial stream supports associated with the CSD table corresponding to the first global CSD index; and The STF is transmitted across the extended bandwidth based on the CSD start index.

28. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the first global CSD index is assigned to one or more other wireless stations connected to the same AP, and wherein a different CSD starting index is assigned to each wireless station connected to the same AP.

29. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein in order to transmit the STF across the extended bandwidth using the frequency modulation plan and sequence corresponding to the rRU mode, wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to transmit the STF every 8 frequency modulations of the extended bandwidth.

30. The wireless station of claim 16, wherein the PPDU comprises a dRU and an rRU, and wherein the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to: The rRU that issues the PPDU based on the localized CSD index.

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