A method for preparing glassware by open flame heating
By combining the methods of ingredient mixing, furnace melting, forming annealing and tempering, along with immersion in high-temperature cesium and potassium salt solutions and air cooling forming, the problem of complex and high-cost traditional processes has been solved, enabling efficient and low-cost production of glassware that can be heated by open flame, and improving heat resistance and stability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ANHUI KANGTAI GLASS IND TECH
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-28
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods for manufacturing glassware that can be heated by open flame are complex and costly, making it difficult to meet production demands.
The process involves mixing ingredients, melting in a furnace, forming and annealing, and tempering, combined with immersion in high-temperature cesium and potassium salt solutions and air cooling forming using a grid, controlling temperature and speed to prepare glassware that can be heated by an open flame.
It simplifies the process, reduces costs, improves production efficiency, and enhances the heat resistance and stability of glassware.
Smart Images
Figure CN117819802B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of glassware manufacturing technology, and in particular to a method for preparing glassware that can be heated by an open flame. Background Technology
[0002] Fire-resistant glass is a type of fire-resistant material whose high-temperature resistance allows it to block fire and smoke during a fire. Its fire-resistant effect is evaluated by its fire resistance performance. However, the traditional manufacturing process for glassware that can be heated by open flame is very complex, with high technical content and cost, and is gradually becoming unable to meet the production needs of glassware that can be heated by open flame. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a method for preparing glassware that can be heated by an open flame.
[0004] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: a method for preparing glassware that can be heated by an open flame, comprising the following steps:
[0005] S1. Batching: Mix and stir the ingredients evenly, then put the mixed ingredients into the melting furnace for calcination and melting to fuse them together to form raw glass liquid;
[0006] S2. Melting: The prepared raw glass liquid is heated at high temperature in a melting furnace to form a uniform, bubble-free glass liquid.
[0007] S3. Shaping: The molten bubble-free glass is transformed into a glass vessel with a fixed shape, and the shaped glass vessel is subjected to slow annealing.
[0008] S4. Tempering treatment: The annealed glassware is soaked in a high-temperature salt solution of cesium and potassium, heated to its critical softening point, and then sent to the air grid for air cooling and forming.
[0009] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S1, the well-stirred mixture is placed in a melting furnace for calcination and melting for 9-11 hours, and the temperature in the melting furnace is set at 900-1700℃ so that the various substances melt and fuse together to form raw material glass liquid.
[0010] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S2, the melting furnace includes a crucible furnace and a pool furnace.
[0011] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S3, the bubble-free glass liquid is cooled to 350-700℃, so that the bubble-free glass liquid changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state, and is transformed into a glass vessel with a fixed shape by artificial or mechanical forming.
[0012] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S3, the formed glassware is placed in an oven at 500-750°C for slow annealing.
[0013] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S4, the glassware soaked in potassium cesium solution is sent to a tempering furnace for heating treatment. The heating temperature is set between 780-860℃, and the heating time is 30-550s per millimeter of thickness, so that the glassware is heated to the critical state of softening point.
[0014] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S4, the glassware heated to the critical state of softening point is fed into the air grid for air cooling and forming at a speed of 300-500 mm per second. The height of the air grid is adjusted according to the thickness of the glass, and the adjustment height of the air grid is between 30-70 mm.
[0015] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step S4, the edge of the glassware is subjected to arc-shaped tracking air cooling within the air grid.
[0016] As a further improvement to the above solution, in step S1, the ingredients are mixed and stirred by a mixing device to form a mixed ingredient. The mixing device includes a first cylinder, on which a rotating shaft is rotatably inserted. The bottom of the rotating shaft extends into the first cylinder and is coaxially arranged with a disc. A first stirring paddle in the shape of an auger is concentrically arranged at the bottom of the disc, and multiple inclined second stirring paddles are arranged around the outer periphery of the disc. A feed hopper is provided at the top of the first cylinder, and a discharge valve is provided at the bottom.
[0017] As a further improvement to the above solution, a motor is installed on the top of the first cylinder, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0019] The method for preparing open-flame heatable glassware of the present invention is simple, convenient to operate, low in cost, economical and environmentally friendly. The open-flame heatable glassware of various shapes that can be prepared according to the method of the present invention has good heat resistance, stability and tempering degree, which improves the production efficiency of the glassware and shortens the production time of the glassware. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the preparation method of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mixing device involved in step S1 of the preparation method of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the mixing device in another state;
[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;
[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;
[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the grooves after axial shearing, spreading, and unfolding on the outer wall of the rotating shaft.
[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A top view of the middle baffle plate.
[0027] Explanation of key symbols:
[0028] 1. Cylinder; 2. Rotating shaft; 3. Disc; 4. First stirring paddle; 5. Feed hopper; 6. Discharge valve; 7. Discharge port; 8. Second stirring paddle; 9. First ring; 10. Limiting block; 11. Limiting groove; 12. Protrusion; 13. Groove; 14. Second ring; 15. Third stirring paddle; 16. Sliding block; 17. Sliding groove; 18. Fixed tooth; 19. Moving tooth; 20. First conical tooth; 21. Fixed block; 22. Cylinder; 23. Second conical tooth; 24. Screw; 25. Third ring; 26. Fourth stirring paddle; 27. Connecting rod; 28. Vertical rod; 29. Screen plate; 30. Screen mesh; 31. Baffle plate; 32. Motor. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.
[0030] Example 1
[0031] Please combine Figure 1 A method for preparing glassware that can be heated by an open flame includes the following steps:
[0032] S1. Batching: Mix and stir the ingredients evenly, then put the mixed ingredients into the melting furnace for calcination and melting to fuse them together to form raw glass liquid;
[0033] S2. Melting: The prepared raw glass liquid is heated at high temperature in a melting furnace to form a uniform, bubble-free glass liquid.
[0034] S3. Forming: The molten, bubble-free glass is transformed into a glass vessel with a fixed shape, and the formed glass vessel is then subjected to slow annealing. Because the glass undergoes intense temperature and shape changes during the forming process, these changes leave thermal stress in the glass. This thermal stress reduces the strength and thermal stability of the glass product. If it is cooled directly, it may break on its own during the cooling process or during subsequent storage, transportation, and use. In order to eliminate the breakage phenomenon, the glass product must be annealed after forming.
[0035] S4. Tempering treatment: The annealed glassware is soaked in a high-temperature salt solution of cesium and potassium, heated to its critical softening point, and then sent to the air grid for air cooling and forming.
[0036] In step S1, the well-stirred mixture is placed in a melting furnace for calcination and melting for 9-11 hours, and the temperature in the melting furnace is set at 900-1700℃ so that the various substances melt and fuse together to form raw glass liquid.
[0037] In step S2, the melting furnace includes a crucible furnace and a tank furnace. In the crucible furnace, the glass charge is placed inside a crucible and heated from the outside. 1-20 crucibles are placed inside the crucible furnace to form bubble-free molten glass. In the tank furnace, the glass charge is melted in a furnace pool, with an open flame heating the surface of the molten glass to form bubble-free molten glass.
[0038] In step S3, the bubble-free molten glass is cooled to 350-700℃, so that the bubble-free molten glass changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state, and is transformed into a glass vessel with a fixed shape by artificial or mechanical forming.
[0039] In step S3, the formed glassware is placed in an oven at 500-750°C for slow annealing.
[0040] In step S4, the glassware soaked in potassium cesium solution is sent to a tempering furnace for heating treatment. The heating temperature is set between 780-860℃, and the heating time is 30-550s per millimeter of thickness, so that the glassware is heated to the critical state of softening point.
[0041] In step S4, the glassware heated to the critical softening point is fed into the air cooling grid at a speed of 300-500 mm per second. The height of the air grid is adjusted according to the thickness of the glass, and the adjustment height of the air grid is between 30-70 mm.
[0042] In step S4, the edge of the glassware is subjected to arc-shaped tracking air cooling within the air grid.
[0043] Example 2
[0044] Please combine Figures 2 to 7In step S1, the ingredients are mixed and stirred by a mixing device to form a mixed batch. The mixing device includes a first cylinder 1, a rotating shaft 2 is rotatably inserted into the first cylinder 1, the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 extends into the first cylinder 1 and a disc 3 is coaxially arranged thereon, a first stirring paddle 4 in an auger shape is concentrically arranged at the bottom of the disc 3, and a plurality of inclined second stirring paddles 8 are arranged around the outer periphery of the disc 3; a feed hopper 5 is provided at the top of the first cylinder 1 and a discharge valve 6 is provided at the bottom. A motor 32 is installed at the top of the first cylinder 1, and the output shaft of the motor 32 is connected to the rotating shaft 2.
[0045] Thus, the output shaft of motor 32 drives the rotating shaft 2, the disc 3 and the first stirring paddle 4 to rotate, so as to stir and mix the ingredients fed into the first cylinder 1 through the feed hopper 5 to form a mixed ingredient.
[0046] Furthermore, a first ring 9 and a second ring 14 are sequentially fitted on the outer side of the rotating shaft 2 from top to bottom. The inner diameters of the first ring 9 and the second ring 14 are both larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft 2, so the rotating shaft 2 can rotate relative to the first ring 9 and the second ring 14.
[0047] A limiting block 10 is horizontally fixed to the inner wall of the first cylinder 1. A limiting groove 11 is axially opened on the outer periphery of the first ring body 9, which slides and engages with the end of the limiting block 10. A continuous, closed-loop groove 13 with a double figure-eight structure is opened on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 2. A protrusion 12 with a sliding engagement with the groove 13 is provided on the inner periphery of the first ring body 9. When the rotating shaft 2 rotates in one direction, the groove wall of the continuous, closed-loop groove 13 with a double figure-eight structure can continuously rub and squeeze the protrusion 12, forcing the first ring body 9 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2 under the limiting action of the limiting block 10 and the limiting groove 11.
[0048] The bottom of the first ring body 9 is provided with a ring-shaped groove 17, and the top of the second ring body 14 is provided with a slider 16 that slides and engages with the groove 17. Thus, the second ring body 14 can move back and forth axially with the first ring body 9 and can rotate relative to the first ring body 9 with the rotating shaft 2.
[0049] Multiple third stirring paddles 15 are arranged circumferentially around the bottom of the second ring body 14. The top of the third stirring paddle 15 is rotatably connected to the bottom ring surface of the second ring body 14, and the bottom of the third stirring paddle 15 is rotatably connected to the end of the corresponding second stirring paddle 8 away from the disk body 3. The second stirring paddle 8 is rotatably connected to the disk body 3. So, while the second stirring paddle 8 and the third stirring paddle 15 rotate circumferentially with the rotating shaft 2, they can also drive the third stirring paddle 15 and the second stirring paddle 8 to reciprocate tilting and deflecting motion under the action of the axial reciprocating movement of the second ring body 14, so as to increase the mixing range of the ingredients and improve the mixing effect and efficiency.
[0050] Furthermore, a fixed tooth 18 is fixed on the disc body 3. The fixed tooth 18 is concentrically arranged with the rotational connection between the second stirring paddle 8 and the disc body 3. Multiple third ring bodies 25 are axially sleeved on the outer side of the second stirring paddle 8. The third ring bodies 25 are slidably locked on the second stirring paddle 8. Adjacent third ring bodies 25 are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 27 so that all third ring bodies 25 on the same second stirring paddle 8 move synchronously. A movable tooth 19 is rotatably provided on the second stirring paddle 8, which meshes with the fixed tooth 18 and can move upward along the outer circumference of the fixed tooth 18. A first conical tooth 20 is coaxially fixed on the movable tooth 19. A fixing block 21 is provided on the second stirring paddle 8. A second cylinder 22 parallel to the second stirring paddle 8 is rotatably inserted into the fixing block 21. A second conical tooth 23 that cooperates with the first conical tooth 20 is provided at one end of the second cylinder 22. A screw 24 is threaded into the other end of the second cylinder 22. One end of the screw 24 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of its adjacent third ring body 25. Multiple fourth stirring paddles 26 are arranged around the outer periphery of the third ring body 25.
[0051] In summary, when the second stirring paddle 8 oscillates back and forth relative to the disc 3, the moving tooth 19 moves back and forth along the outer periphery of the fixed tooth 18, causing the moving tooth 19 to rotate back and forth. The moving tooth 19 drives the first bevel tooth 20, the second bevel tooth 23, and the second cylinder 22 to rotate back and forth, causing the screw 24 to drive all the third ring bodies 25 and the fourth stirring paddle 26 located on the same second stirring paddle 8 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the second stirring paddle 8, so as to further increase the mixing range of the ingredients and improve the mixing effect and efficiency.
[0052] A vertical rod 28 is axially mounted on the top surface of the first ring body 9. A discharge port 7 is opened on the outer side of the first cylinder body 1. A sieve plate 29 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first cylinder body 1, and the sieve plate 29 is located below the feed hopper 5. The sieve plate 29 can screen the ingredients, making the ingredients more thoroughly mixed. The rotatable connection between the sieve plate 29 and the first cylinder body 1 is located at the discharge port 7. A screen mesh 30 is arranged on the sieve plate 29. A U-shaped pin hole is opened on the sieve plate 29, and a pin shaft that mates with the pin hole is provided at the top of the vertical rod 28.
[0053] When the first ring body 9 moves back and forth axially, it can drive the screen plate 29 to swing back and forth, thereby accelerating the screening efficiency of the screen plate 29 for the batch, and making the material that does not meet the particle size requirements quickly gather into the discharge port 7.
[0054] A baffle plate 31 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 2 above the screen plate 29. The baffle plate 31 has a semi-circular structure. When the baffle plate 31 rotates to the feed hopper 5, it can completely block the feed hopper 5 and prevent the feed hopper 5 from discharging. When the baffle plate 31 rotates away from the feed hopper 5, it can release the blocking state of the feed hopper 5. With the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft 2, the feed hopper 5 can be discharging intermittently.
[0055] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for producing a glassware which can be heated by an open flame, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Batching: Mix and stir the ingredients evenly, then put the mixed ingredients into the melting furnace for calcination and melting to fuse them together to form raw glass liquid; S2. Melting: The prepared raw glass liquid is heated at high temperature in a melting furnace to form a uniform, bubble-free glass liquid. S3. Shaping: The molten bubble-free glass is transformed into a glass vessel with a fixed shape, and the shaped glass vessel is subjected to slow annealing. S4. Tempering treatment: The annealed glassware is soaked in a high-temperature salt solution of cesium and potassium, and then heated to its critical softening point before being sent to the air grid for air cooling and forming. In step S1, the ingredients are mixed and stirred by a mixing device to form a mixed ingredient. The mixing device includes a first cylinder, on which a rotating shaft is rotatably inserted. The bottom of the rotating shaft extends into the first cylinder and is coaxially arranged with a disc. A first stirring paddle in the shape of an auger is concentrically arranged at the bottom of the disc, and multiple inclined second stirring paddles are arranged around the outer periphery of the disc. A feed hopper is provided at the top of the first cylinder, and a discharge valve is provided at the bottom. A motor is installed at the top of the first cylinder, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft; The outer side of the rotating shaft is fitted with a first ring and a second ring from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the first ring and the second ring is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft, so the rotating shaft can rotate relative to the first ring and the second ring. A limiting block is fixed horizontally on the inner wall of the first cylinder. A limiting groove is axially opened on the outer periphery of the first ring to slide and engage with the end of the limiting block. A continuous, closed-loop groove with a double figure-eight structure is opened on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft. A protrusion is provided on the inner periphery of the first ring to slide and engage with the groove. When the rotating shaft rotates in one direction, the groove wall of the continuous, closed-loop groove with a double figure-eight structure can continuously rub and squeeze the protrusion, forcing the first ring to reciprocate upward along the axial direction of the rotating shaft under the limiting action of the limiting block and the limiting groove. The bottom of the first ring body is provided with a ring-shaped sliding groove, and the top of the second ring body is provided with a slider that slides and engages with the sliding groove. Thus, the second ring body can reciprocate along the axis of the first ring body and can rotate relative to the first ring body with the rotating shaft. Multiple third stirring blades are arranged circumferentially around the bottom of the second ring body. The top of the third stirring blade is rotatably connected to the bottom ring surface of the second ring body. The bottom of the third stirring blade is rotatably connected to the end of the corresponding second stirring blade away from the disk body. The second stirring blade is rotatably connected to the disk body. So, while the second and third stirring blades rotate circumferentially following the rotating shaft, they can also drive the third and second stirring blades to reciprocate tilting and deflecting motion under the action of the axial reciprocating movement of the second ring body. Fixed teeth are fixed on the disc body, and the fixed teeth are concentrically arranged with the rotating connection between the second stirring paddle and the disc body. Multiple third ring bodies are axially sleeved on the outer side of the second stirring paddle. The third ring bodies are slidably locked on the second stirring paddle. Adjacent third ring bodies are fixedly connected by connecting rods so that all third ring bodies on the same second stirring paddle move synchronously. Moving teeth are rotatably provided on the second stirring paddle, which mesh with the fixed teeth and can move upward along the outer circumference of the fixed teeth. First conical teeth are coaxially fixed on the moving teeth. A fixed block is provided on the second stirring paddle. A second cylinder body parallel to the second stirring paddle is rotatably inserted into the fixed block. A second conical tooth that mates with the first conical tooth is provided at one end of the second cylinder body. A screw is threaded into the other end of the second cylinder body. One end of the screw is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the adjacent third ring body. Multiple fourth stirring paddles are arranged around the outer circumference of the third ring body.
2. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the well-stirred mixture is placed in a melting furnace for calcination and melting for 9-11 hours, and the temperature in the melting furnace is set at 900-1700℃ so that the various substances melt and fuse together to form raw glass liquid.
3. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the melting furnace includes a crucible furnace and a pool furnace.
4. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the bubble-free molten glass is cooled to 350-700℃, so that the bubble-free molten glass changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state, and is transformed into a glass vessel with a fixed shape by artificial or mechanical forming.
5. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the formed glassware is placed in an oven at 500-750°C for slow annealing.
6. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S4, the glassware soaked in potassium cesium solution is sent to a tempering furnace for heating treatment. The heating temperature is set between 780-860℃, and the heating time is 30-550s per millimeter of thickness, so that the glassware is heated to the critical state of softening point.
7. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S4, the glassware heated to the critical softening point is fed into the air cooling grid at a speed of 300-500 mm per second. The height of the air grid is adjusted according to the thickness of the glass, and the adjustment height of the air grid is between 30-70 mm.
8. The open-flame heated glassware manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein In step S4, the edge of the glassware is subjected to arc-shaped tracking air cooling within the air grid.