A method, apparatus, device, and medium for prohibiting use by a jammed signal

Abstract

A method for inhibiting use by an interfering signal includes wirelessly receiving a desired signal at a receiver, wirelessly receiving an undesired signal at the receiver, the undesired signal varying in strength over time, and inhibiting a measurement of the desired signal or use of the measurement of the desired signal based on a determination that the undesired signal is an interfering signal based on a variation of the undesired signal indicating interference.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application No. 17 / 412,308, filed August 26, 2021, entitled “UNSTABLE JAMMING SIGNAL DETECTION,” which has been assigned to the assignee of this application, and the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless communication systems have undergone several generations of development, including first-generation analog radio voice service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radio voice service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data radio service with Internet capabilities, fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax), and fifth-generation (5G) service. Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and GSM TDMA variants.

[0004] The fifth-generation (5G) mobile standard demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data rate to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps) to dozens of employees on an office floor. It should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to support large-scale sensor deployments. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly improved compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency significantly reduced compared to the current standard.

[0005] Signals received by mobile devices (e.g., 5G signals, satellite vehicle signals, etc.) may be interfered with, thereby reducing the usefulness of the received signals. Signals may be intentionally interfered with, for example, by physical interference intended to disable communication and / or precisely locate mobile devices, and / or unintentionally interfered with, for example, by signal repeater interference with retransmissions at significantly higher power than those received by repeaters and other devices in the area, or by transmission interference from the mobile device receiving the signal, where such transmission causes in-band or out-of-band interference.

[0006] Overview

[0007] In one embodiment, an apparatus includes: a receiver configured to wirelessly receive one or more signals; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver and the memory and configured to: receive a desired signal via the receiver; receive an undesired signal whose intensity varies over time via the receiver; and prohibit measurement of the desired signal or its use based on determining that the undesired signal is an interference signal according to the variation of the undesired signal indicating interference.

[0008] In one embodiment, a method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal includes: wirelessly receiving a desired signal at a receiver; wirelessly receiving an undesired signal at the receiver, the intensity of which varies over time; and prohibiting the measurement of the desired signal or its use based on determining that the undesired signal is an interfering signal according to the variation of the undesired signal indicating interference.

[0009] In one embodiment, an apparatus includes: means for wirelessly receiving a desired signal; means for wirelessly receiving an undesired signal, the intensity of which varies over time; and means for prohibiting the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal based on determining that the undesired signal is an interference signal based on the variation of the undesired signal indicating interference.

[0010] In one embodiment, a non-transient processor-readable storage medium includes processor-readable instructions for causing a processor of a device to: wirelessly receive a desired signal; wirelessly receive an undesired signal, the intensity of which varies over time; and prohibit measurement of the desired signal or use of the desired signal based on a determination that the undesired signal is an interference signal based on an indication of interference from the variation of the undesired signal. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0012] Figure 1 This is a simplified diagram of an example wireless communication system.

[0013] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a block diagram of the components of an example user equipment.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the components of an example send / receive point.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the components of the example server, and various embodiments of this example server are shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an example user equipment.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a simplified diagram of the navigation environment.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the functional unit used for interference detection.

[0019] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A block diagram of an example of user equipment shown.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a method for preventing the use of interfered signals.

[0021] Detailed description

[0022] This article discusses techniques for detecting signal interference and taking one or more actions based on the detection of the interfered signal. For example, the signal strength of a received signal can be analyzed to determine whether the signal strength indicates that the signal is an interference signal. If the signal strength exceeds a signal strength threshold (e.g., on average, exceeding N samples) and the signal strength changes significantly over time, the signal can be considered an interference signal. In response to the detection of an interference signal, measurements of any signal that may be interfered with by the interference signal can be avoided (e.g., by shutting down one or more components in the receiver chain) to suppress the measurement, or the use of measurements of potentially interfered signals can be prohibited, for example by marking the measurement as unapproved or invalid.

[0023] The items and / or techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as others not mentioned. The negative consequences of using a jammed signal (e.g., power consumption in processing the jammed signal, poor communication due to the use of measurements of the jammed communication signal, poor positioning accuracy and / or latency due to the use of measurements of the jammed positioning signal) may be avoided or reduced, for example, by suppressing, ignoring, or downweighting the measurement of the jammed signal. Jamming signals that are not detectable by prior art may be detected. Other capabilities may be provided, and not every implementation according to this disclosure is required to provide any, let alone all, of the capabilities discussed.

[0024] Obtaining the location of mobile devices accessing a wireless network can be useful for many applications, including emergency calls, personal navigation, consumer asset tracking, and locating friends or family. Existing positioning methods include those based on measuring radio signals transmitted from various devices or entities, including satellite carriers (SVs) and terrestrial radio sources in the wireless network, such as base stations and access points. Standardization for 5G wireless networks is expected to include support for various positioning methods that can utilize reference signals transmitted by base stations for orientation determination in a manner similar to how LTE wireless networks currently use Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) and / or Cell-specific Reference Signals (CRS).

[0025] This specification may refer to sequences of actions to be performed by elements such as computing devices. The various actions described herein can be performed by special-purpose circuitry (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. The sequences of actions described herein may be implemented on a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, will cause the associated processor to perform the functions described herein. Therefore, the aspects described herein can be implemented in several different forms, all of which fall within the scope of this disclosure, including the claimed subject matter.

[0026] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” are not specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, such a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. The UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT”, “Client Equipment”, “Wireless Equipment”, “Subscriber Equipment”, “Subscriber Terminal”, “Subscriber Station”, “User Terminal” or “UT”, “Mobile Terminal”, “Mobile Station”, “Mobile Equipment”, or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as via a wired access network, a WiFi network (e.g., based on IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11, etc.).

[0027] Depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, it may operate according to one of several RATs when communicating with the UE. Examples of base stations include access points (APs), network nodes, B-nodes, evolved B-nodes (eNBs), or generic B-nodes (gNodeBs, gNBs). Additionally, in some systems, the base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions.

[0028] The UE can be implemented using any of several types of devices, including but not limited to printed circuit (PC) cards, dense flash memory devices, external or internal modems, wireless or wired telephones, smartphones, tablet devices, consumer asset tracking devices, asset tags, etc. The communication link through which the UE can send signals to the RAN is called an uplink channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the RAN can send signals to the UE is called a downlink or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) can refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0029] As used herein, depending on the context, the terms "cell" or "sector" may correspond to one of multiple cells of a base station or to the base station itself. The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a carrier) and may be associated with identifiers to distinguish adjacent cells operating via the same or different carriers (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID)). In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells and may be configured with different protocol types that provide access to different types of devices (e.g., Machine-Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types). In some examples, the term "cell" may refer to a portion of the geographic coverage area on which a logical entity operates (e.g., a sector).

[0030] Reference Figure 1Examples of communication system 100 include UE 105, UE 106, radio access network (RAN) (here, fifth-generation (5G) next-generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) 135), 5G core network (5GC) 140, and server 150. UE 105 and / or UE 106 can be, for example, IoT devices, location tracker devices, cellular phones, vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, ships, etc.) or other devices. 5G networks can also be referred to as new radio (NR) networks; NG-RAN 135 can be referred to as 5G RAN or NR RAN; and 5GC 140 can be referred to as NG core network (NGC). Standardization of NG-RAN and 5GC is underway within the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Accordingly, NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140 can comply with current or future standards from 3GPP for 5G support. NG-RAN 135 can be another type of RAN, such as 3G RAN, 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAN, etc. UE 106 can be similarly configured and coupled to UE 105 to send and / or receive signals from similar other entities in system 100, but for simplicity of the figures, in Figure 1 Such signaling is not indicated in this document. Similarly, for simplicity, the discussion focuses on UE 105. Communication system 100 may utilize information from a constellation 185 of satellite launchers (SVs) 190, 191, 192, 193 of a satellite positioning system (SPS) such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou, or some other local or regional SPS (such as the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), the European Geostationary Navigation Coverage Service (EGNOS), or the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)). Additional components of communication system 100 are described below. Communication system 100 may include additional or replacement components.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, NG-RAN 135 includes NR B-nodes (gNB) 110a, 110b and a next-generation evolved B-node (ng-eNB) 114, and 5GC 140 includes Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 115, Session Management Functions (SMF) 117, Location Management Functions (LMF) 120 and Gateway Mobility Location Center (GMLC) 125. gNBs 110a, 110b and ng-eNB 114 are communicatively coupled to each other, each configured to conduct bidirectional wireless communication with UE 105, and each communicatively coupled to and configured to conduct bidirectional communication with AMF 115. gNBs 110a, 110b and ng-eNB 114 may be referred to as base stations (BS). AMF 115, SMF 117, LMF 120 and GMLC 125 are communicatively coupled to each other, and the GMLC is communicatively coupled to an external client 130. SMF 117 can be used as the initial contact point for Service Control Functions (SCF) (not shown) to create, control, and delete media sessions. Base stations (such as gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114) can be macrocells (e.g., high-power cellular base stations), small cells (e.g., low-power cellular base stations), or access points (e.g., short-range base stations configured to use short-range technologies such as WiFi, WiFi Direct (WiFi-D)). (Communication via Low Energy (BLE), Zigbee, etc.). One or more BSs (e.g., one or more of gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114) can be configured to communicate with UE 105 via multiple carriers. Each of gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic area (e.g., cell). Each cell can be divided into multiple sectors based on the base station antennas.

[0032] Figure 1A general explanation of each component is provided, wherein any or all of the components may be used appropriately, and each component may be repeated or omitted as needed. Specifically, although one UE 105 is explained, many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may be used in the communication system 100. Similarly, the communication system 100 may include a larger (or smaller) number of SVs (i.e., more or fewer than the four SVs 190-193 shown), gNBs 110a and 110b, ng-eNB 114, AMF 115, external client 130, and / or other components. The explained connections connecting the various components in the communication system 100 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted depending on the desired functionality.

[0033] Although Figure 1 While 5G-based networks have been described, similar network implementations and configurations can be used for other communication technologies, such as 3G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), etc. The implementations described herein (for 5G technologies and / or for one or more other communication technologies and / or protocols) can be used to transmit (or broadcast) directional synchronization signals, receive and measure directional signals at a UE (e.g., UE 105), and / or provide location assistance to UE 105 (via GMLC 125 or other location servers), and / or calculate the location of UE 105 at a location-capable device (such as UE 105, gNB 110a, 110b, or LMF 120) based on measurement parameters of such directional transmissions received at UE 105. Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 125, Location Management Function (LMF) 120, Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 115, SMF 117, ng-eNB (eNodeB) 114, and gNB (gNodeB) 110a, 110b are examples and may be replaced by or include various other location server functions and / or base station functions in various embodiments.

[0034] System 100 is capable of wireless communication because its components can communicate directly or indirectly (at least sometimes using a wireless connection), for example, via gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114 and / or 5GC 140 (and / or one or more other devices not shown, such as one or more other base transceiver stations). For indirect communication, the communication may be altered during transmission from one entity to another, such as changing the header information of data packets, changing the format, etc. UE 105 may include multiple UEs and may be a mobile wireless communication device, but can communicate wirelessly and via wired connections. UE 105 can be any of a variety of devices, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, vehicle-based device, etc., but these are merely examples, as UE 105 does not need to be any of these configurations, and other configurations of the UE can be used. Other UEs may include wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart jewelry, smart glasses, or head-mounted devices). Other UEs, whether currently existing or developed in the future, may also be used. In addition, other wireless devices (whether mobile or not) may be implemented within system 100 and may communicate with each other and / or with UE 105, gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, 5GC 140, and / or external client 130. For example, such other devices may include Internet of Things (IoT) devices, medical devices, home entertainment and / or automation devices, etc. 5GC 140 may communicate with external client 130 (e.g., a computer system), for example, to allow external client 130 (e.g., via GMLC 125) to request and / or receive location information about UE 105.

[0035] UE 105 or other devices can be configured to communicate in various networks and / or for various purposes and / or using various technologies (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi communication, multi-frequency Wi-Fi communication, satellite positioning, one or more types of communication (e.g., GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution), V2X (vehicle-to-everything, e.g., V2P (vehicle to pedestrian), V2I (vehicle to infrastructure), V2V (vehicle to vehicle) etc.), IEEE (e.g., 802.11p). V2X communication can be cellular (Cellular-V2X (C-V2X)) and / or WiFi (e.g., DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Connectivity)). System 100 can support operation on multiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies). A multi-carrier transmitter can transmit modulated signals on multiple carriers simultaneously. Each modulated signal can be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signal, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) signal, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal, etc. Each modulated signal can be transmitted on a different carrier and can carry pilot, overhead information, data, etc. UEs 105 and 106 can communicate with each other via UE-to-UE sidelink (SL) communication by transmitting on one or more sidelink channels (such as the Physical Sidelink Synchronization Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), or Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH)).

[0036] UE 105 may include and / or be referred to as a device, mobile device, wireless device, mobile terminal, terminal, mobile station (MS), Secure User Plane Positioning Enabled (SUPL) terminal (SET), or some other name. Furthermore, UE 105 may correspond to a cellular phone, smartphone, laptop device, tablet device, PDA, consumer asset tracking device, navigation device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, health monitor, security system, smart city sensor, smart meter, wearable tracker, or some other portable or mobile device. Typically, although not required, UE 105 may support one or more Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), LTE, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), IEEE 802.11 WiFi (also known as Wi-Fi). Wireless communication can be achieved using technologies such as Bit-Band (BT), WiMAX, and 5G New Radio (NR) (e.g., using NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140). UE 105 can support wireless communication using a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which can connect to other networks (e.g., the Internet) using, for example, digital subscriber line (DSL) or packet cable. Using one or more of these RATs allows UE 105 (e.g., via elements of 5GC 140) to... Figure 1 (not shown in the diagram) or possibly via GMLC 125, communicate with external client 130 and / or allow external client 130 (e.g., via GMLC 125) to receive location information about UE 105.

[0037] UE 105 may include a single entity or may include multiple entities, such as in a personal area network, where the user may employ audio, video, and / or data I / O (input / output) devices, and / or body sensors, as well as separate wired or wireless modems. An estimate of the location of UE 105 may be referred to as location, location estimation, location locking, lock, positioning, location estimation, or location locking, and may be geographic, providing location coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude) of UE 105, which may or may not include an elevation component (e.g., height above sea level; height above ground level, floor level, or basement level, or depth below). Alternatively, the location of UE 105 may be expressed as a municipal location (e.g., expressed as a postal address or a designation of a point or smaller area within a building (such as a specific room or floor)). The location of UE 105 may be expressed as an area or volume (geographically or municipally defined) within which UE 105 is expected to be located with a certain probability or confidence level (e.g., 67%, 95%, etc.). The location of UE 105 can be expressed as a relative location, which includes, for example, distance and direction from a known location. A relative location can be expressed as relative coordinates (e.g., X, Y (and Z) coordinates) defined relative to an origin at a known location, which can be, for example, geographically, municipally, or with reference to a point, area, or volume indicated, for example, on a map, floor plan, or building plan. In the description contained herein, the use of the term "location" can include any of these variations unless otherwise indicated. When calculating the location of the UE, local x, y, and possibly z coordinates are typically solved, and then (if necessary) the local coordinates are converted to absolute coordinates (e.g., with respect to latitude, longitude, and elevation above or below mean sea level).

[0038] UE 105 can be configured to communicate with other entities using one or more of a variety of technologies. UE 105 can be configured to indirectly connect to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links. D2D P2P links can use any suitable D2D radio access technology (RAT) (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc.). Supported by (etc.). One or more UEs in a group of UEs using D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area of ​​a Transmit / Receive Point (TRP) (such as one or more of gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114). Other UEs in the group may be outside such geographic coverage area or may be unable to receive transmissions from the base station for other reasons. A group of UEs communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE may transmit to other UEs in the group. The TRP facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication may be performed between UEs without involving the TRP. One or more UEs in a group of UEs using D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area of ​​a TRP. Other UEs in the group may be outside such geographic coverage area or may be unable to receive transmissions from the base station for other reasons. A group of UEs communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE may transmit to other UEs in the group. TRP facilitates the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication can be performed between UEs without involving TRP.

[0039] Figure 1 The base stations (BSs) in the NG-RAN 135 shown include NRB nodes (referred to as gNBs 110a and 110b). Each pair of gNBs 110a and 110b in the NG-RAN 135 can be interconnected via one or more other gNBs. Access to the 5G network is provided to UE 105 via wireless communication between UE 105 and one or more of the gNBs 110a and 110b. gNBs 110a and 110b can use 5G to provide wireless communication access to the 5GC 140 on behalf of UE 105. Figure 1 In this context, it is assumed that the serving gNB of UE 105 is gNB 110a, but another gNB (e.g., gNB 110b) may be used as a serving gNB if UE 105 moves to another location, or may be used as a secondary gNB to provide additional throughput and bandwidth to UE 105.

[0040] Figure 1The base station (BS) in the NG-RAN 135 shown may include ng-eNB 114, also known as a next-generation evolved Node B. ng-eNB 114 may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 110a and 110b in the NG-RAN 135 (possibly via one or more other gNBs and / or one or more other ng-eNBs). ng-eNB 114 may provide LTE radio access and / or evolved LTE (eLTE) radio access to UE 105. One or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114 may be configured as a location-only beacon, which may transmit signals to assist in determining the orientation of UE 105, but may not be able to receive signals from UE 105 or other UEs.

[0041] gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114 may each include one or more TRPs. For example, each sector within a BS cell may include a TRP, but multiple TRPs may share one or more components (e.g., share a processor but have separate antennas). System 100 may exclusively include macro TRPs, or system 100 may have different types of TRPs, such as macro TRPs, pico TRPs and / or femto TRPs. Macro TRPs may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by terminals with service subscriptions. Pico TRPs may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a pico cell) and may allow unrestricted access by terminals with service subscriptions. Femto or home TRPs may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a femto cell) and may allow restricted access by terminals associated with that femto cell (e.g., a user's terminal in a residence).

[0042] Each of the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114 may include a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the gNB 110b includes RU 111, DU 112, and CU 113. RU 111, DU 112, and CU 113 define the functionality of the gNB 110b. Although the gNB 110b is shown as having a single RU, a single DU, and a single CU, a gNB may include one or more RUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more CUs. The interface between CU 113 and DU 112 is referred to as the F1 interface. RU 111 is configured to perform digital front-end (DFE) functions (e.g., analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, power amplification, transmit / receive) and digital beamforming, and includes part of the physical (PHY) layer. RU 111 may perform DFE using massive MIMO and may be integrated with one or more antennas of the gNB 110b. DU 112 stores the Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC), and Physical Layer of gNB 110b. A DU can support one or more cells, and each cell is supported by one DU. The operation of DU 112 is controlled by CU 113. CU 113 is configured to perform functions for delivering user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, location, session management, etc., although some functions are exclusively assigned to DU 112. CU 113 stores the Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) of gNB 110b. UE 105 can communicate with CU 113 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with DU 112 via the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers, and with RU 111 via the PHY layer.

[0043] As mentioned, although Figure 1 The diagram depicts a node configured to communicate according to 5G communication protocols, but nodes configured to communicate according to other communication protocols (such as, for example, LTE or IEEE 802.11x protocols) can also be used. For example, in an evolved packet system (EPS) providing LTE radio access to UE 105, the RAN may include an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), which may include base stations containing evolved B-nodes (eNBs). The core network for the EPS may include an evolved packet core (EPC). The EPS may include the E-UTRAN plus the EPC, where the E-UTRAN corresponds to... Figure 1 NG-RAN 135 and EPC corresponds to Figure 1 5GC 140 in the middle.

[0044] gNB 110a, 110b, and ng-eNB 114 can communicate with AMF 115; for positioning functionality, AMF 115 communicates with LMF 120. AMF 115 supports the mobility of UE 105 (including cell changes and handover) and can participate in supporting signaling connections to UE 105 and possibly data and voice bearers for UE 105. LMF 120 can communicate directly with UE 105, for example, wirelessly, or directly with gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114. The LMF120 enables UE 105 positioning when it accesses NG-RAN 135, and supports various positioning protocols / methods, such as Auxiliary GNSS (A-GNSS), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) (e.g., Downlink (DL) OTDOA or Uplink (UL) OTDOA), Round Trip Time (RTT), Multi-Cell RTT, Real-Time Kinematics (RTK), Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Differential GNSS (DGNSS), Enhanced Cellular ID (E-CID), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Angle of Departure (AoD), and / or other positioning methods. The LMF120 can process location service requests for UE 105 received, for example, from AMF 115 or GMLC 125. The LMF120 can connect to AMF 115 and / or GMLC 125. The LMF120 may be referred to by other names, such as Location Manager (LM), Location Function (LF), Commercial LMF (CLMF), or Value-Added LMF (VLMF). The node / system implementing LMF 120 may additionally or alternatively implement other types of location support modules, such as an Enhanced Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC) or a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP). At least some of the location functionality (including the derivation of the location of UE 105) can be performed at UE 105 (e.g., using signal measurements obtained by UE 105 for signals transmitted by radio nodes (such as gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114), and / or auxiliary data provided to UE 105, for example, by LMF 120). AMF 115 can be used as a control node to process signaling between UE 105 and 5GC 140, and can provide QoS (Quality of Service) streaming and session management. AMF 115 can support the mobility of UE 105 (including cell changes and handovers) and can participate in supporting signaling connections to UE 105.

[0045] Server 150 (e.g., a cloud server) is configured to obtain the location estimate of UE 105 and provide it to external client 130. Server 150 may, for example, be configured to run a microservice / service for obtaining the location estimate of UE 105. Server 150 may, for example, obtain the location estimate from (e.g., by sending a location request) one or more of UE 105, gNB 110a, 110b (e.g., via RU 111, DU 112, CU 113), and / or ng-eNB 114, and / or LMF 120. As another example, one or more of UE 105, gNB 110a, 110b (e.g., via RU 111, DU 112, and CU 113), and / or LMF 120 may push the location estimate of UE 105 to server 150.

[0046] GMLC 125 can support location requests for UE 105 received from external client 130 via server 150, and can forward such requests to AMF 115 for forwarding to LMF 120, or can forward them directly to LMF 120. A location response from LMF 120 (e.g., containing a location estimate for UE 105) can be returned to GMLC 125 directly or via AMF 115, and GMLC 125 can then return the location response (e.g., containing the location estimate) to external client 130 via server 150. GMLC 125 is shown connected to both AMF 115 and LMF 120, but in some implementations it may not be connected to either AMF 115 or LMF 120.

[0047] like Figure 1 Further explanation is provided: the LMF 120 can use the new Radio Positioning Protocol A (which may be referred to as NPPa or NRPPa) to communicate with gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114, which is defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa may be the same as, similar to, or an extension of the LTE Positioning Protocol A (LPPa) defined in 3GPP TS 36.455, wherein NRPPa messages are transmitted via AMF 115 between gNB 110a (or gNB 110b) and LMF 120, and / or between ng-eNB 114 and LMF 120. Figure 1As further explained, LMF 120 and UE 105 can communicate using the LTE Location Protocol (LPP), which is defined in 3GPP TS 36.355. LMF 120 and UE 105 can also communicate using a new radio positioning protocol (which may be referred to as NPP or NRPP), which may be the same as, similar to, or an extension of LPP. Here, LPP and / or NPP messages can be transmitted between UE 105 and LMF 120 via AMF 115 and UE 105's serving gNB 110a, 110b, or serving ng-eNB 114. For example, LPP and / or NPP messages can be transmitted between LMF 120 and AMF 115 using the 5G Location Services Application Protocol (LCS AP), and between AMF 115 and UE 105 using the 5G Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol. The LPP and / or NPP protocols can be used to support the location of UE105 using UE-assisted and / or UE-based location methods (such as A-GNSS, RTK, OTDOA, and / or E-CID). The NRPPa protocol can be used to support the location of UE105 using network-based location methods (such as E-CID) (e.g., in conjunction with measurements obtained by gNB110a, 110b, or ng-eNB 114) and / or can be used by LMF 120 to obtain location-related information from gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114, such as defining parameters for directional SS (synchronization signal) or PRS transmissions from gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114. LMF 120 can be co-located or integrated with gNB or TRP, or can be arranged remotely from gNB and / or TRP and configured to communicate directly or indirectly with gNB and / or TRP.

[0048] Using a UE-assisted positioning method, UE 105 can obtain location measurements and send these measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 120) for calculating a location estimate for UE 105. For example, location measurements may include one or more of the following: Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), Round-Trip Time (RTT), Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and / or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) for gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, and / or WLAN AP. Location measurements may additionally or alternatively include measurements of GNSS pseudorange, code phase, and / or carrier phase for SV 190-193.

[0049] Using a UE-based positioning method, UE 105 can obtain a location measurement (e.g., which may be the same as or similar to a location measurement for a UE-assisted positioning method) and can calculate the location of UE 105 (e.g., by means of auxiliary data received from a location server (such as LMF 120) or broadcast by gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114 or other base stations or APs).

[0050] Using a network-based positioning method, one or more base stations (e.g., gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114) or APs can obtain location measurements (e.g., measurements of RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, or Time of Arrival (ToA) of signals transmitted by UE 105) and / or can receive measurements obtained by UE 105. These base stations or APs can then transmit these measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 120) for calculating a location estimate for UE 105.

[0051] The information provided to the LMF 120 by the gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114 using NRPPa may include timing and configuration information for directional SS or PRS transmissions, as well as location coordinates. The LMF 120 may provide some or all of this information as supplementary data to the UE 105 in LPP and / or NPP messages via NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140.

[0052] The LPP or NPP message sent from LMF 120 to UE 105 may instruct UE 105 to perform any of a variety of tasks, depending on the desired functionality. For example, the LPP or NPP message may contain instructions for UE 105 to obtain measurements for GNSS (or A-GNSS), WLAN, E-CID, and / or OTDOA (or some other positioning method). In the case of E-CID, the LPP or NPP message may instruct UE 105 to obtain one or more measurement parameters (e.g., beam ID, beamwidth, average angle, RSRP, RSRQ measurements) of directional signals transmitted within a specific cell supported by one or more of gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114 (or supported by some other type of base station (such as eNB or WiFiAP)). UE 105 can send these measurement parameters back to LMF 120 via service gNB110a (or service ng-eNB 114) and AMF 115 in an LPP or NPP message (e.g., within a 5G NAS message).

[0053] As mentioned, while a communication system 100 is described in relation to 5G technology, the communication system 100 can be implemented to support other communication technologies (such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, etc.) used to support and interact with mobile devices (such as UE 105) (e.g., to enable voice, data, location, and other functionalities). In some such embodiments, the 5GC 140 can be configured to control different air interfaces. For example, non-3GPP interoperability functions (N3IWF) in the 5GC 140 can be used. Figure 1 (Not shown) Connect 5GC 140 to a WLAN. For example, the WLAN may support IEEE 802.11 WiFi access for UE 105 and may include one or more WiFi APs. Here, N3IWF may connect to the WLAN and other components in 5GC 140, such as AMF 115. In some embodiments, both NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140 may be replaced by one or more other RANs and one or more other core networks. For example, in EPS, NG-RAN 135 may be replaced by E-UTRAN containing eNBs, and 5GC 140 may be replaced by EPC containing a Mobility Management Entity (MME) instead of AMF 115, an E-SMLC instead of LMF 120, and a GMLC similar to GMLC 125. In such EPS, the E-SMLC may use LPPa instead of NRPPa to send location information to and receive location information from eNBs in the E-UTRAN, and may use LPP to support UE 105's positioning. In these other embodiments, the location of UE 105 using directional PRS can be supported in a manner similar to that described herein for 5G networks, the difference being that the functions and procedures described herein for gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, AMF 115 and LMF120 can be applied alternatively to other network elements, such as eNB, WiFi AP, MME and E-SMLC, in some cases.

[0054] As mentioned, in some embodiments, positioning functionality can be achieved at least in part using directional SS or PRS beams transmitted by base stations (such as gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114) to determine the orientation of the UE (e.g., Figure 1 Within the range of UE 105. In some instances, the UE can use directional SS beams from multiple base stations (such as gNB110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, etc.) to calculate the UE's location.

[0055] Also refer to Figure 2UE 200 is an example of one of UEs 105 and 106, and includes a computing platform containing a processor 210, a memory 211 containing software (SW) 212, one or more sensors 213, a transceiver interface 214 for transceivers 215 (which includes a wireless transceiver 240 and a wired transceiver 250), a user interface 216, a satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver 217, a camera 218, and a positioning device (PD) 219. The processor 210, memory 211, sensors 213, transceiver interface 214, user interface 216, SPS receiver 217, camera 218, and positioning device 219 are communicatively coupled to each other via a bus 220 (which can be configured for, for example, optical and / or electrical communication). One or more of the devices shown (e.g., camera 218, positioning device 219, and / or one or more of sensors 213, etc.) may be omitted from UE 200. Processor 210 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. Processor 210 may include multiple processors, including a general-purpose / application processor 230, a digital signal processor (DSP) 231, a modem processor 232, a video processor 233, and / or a sensor processor 234. One or more of processors 230-234 may include multiple devices (e.g., multiple processors). For example, sensor processor 234 may include processors for, for example, RF (radio frequency) sensing (where one or more transmitted (cellular) wireless signals and reflections are used to identify, map, and / or track objects), and / or ultrasound, etc. Modem processor 232 may support dual SIM / dual connectivity (or even more SIMs). For example, one SIM (Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module) may be used by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), and another SIM may be used by the end user of UE 200 to obtain connectivity. Memory 211 is a non-transient storage medium, which may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 211 stores software 212, which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions configured to cause processor 210 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 212 may not be directly executable by processor 210, but may be configured (e.g., when compiled and executed) to cause processor 210 to perform various functions. This specification may refer to processor 210 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as processor 210 performing software and / or firmware implementations. This specification may refer to processor 210 performing functions as a shorthand for one or more of processors 230-234 performing that function.This specification may refer to the UE 200 execution function as a shorthand for one or more appropriate components of the UE 200 performing that function. The processor 210 may include memory with stored instructions as a supplement to and / or replacement of memory 211. The functionality of the processor 210 is discussed more fully below.

[0056] Figure 2 The configuration of UE 200 shown is exemplary and not intended to limit this disclosure (including the claims), and other configurations may be used. For example, an exemplary configuration of the UE includes one or more of processors 230-234 in processor 210, memory 211, and wireless transceiver 240. Other exemplary configurations include one or more of processors 230-234 in processor 210, memory 211, wireless transceiver, and one or more of the following: (a) sensors 213, user interface 216, SPS receiver 217, camera 218, PD 219, and / or wired transceiver.

[0057] UE 200 may include a modem processor 232, which may be capable of performing baseband processing on signals received and downconverted by transceiver 215 and / or SPS receiver 217. Modem processor 232 may also perform baseband processing on signals to be upconverted for transmission by transceiver 215. Alternatively or concurrently, baseband processing may be performed by general-purpose / application processor 230 and / or DSP 231. However, other configurations may be used to perform baseband processing.

[0058] UE 200 may include sensors 213, which may include one or more of various types of sensors, such as one or more inertial sensors, one or more magnetometers, one or more environmental sensors, one or more optical sensors, one or more weight sensors, and / or one or more radio frequency (RF) sensors. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) may include, for example, one or more accelerometers (e.g., collectively responding to acceleration of UE 200 in three dimensions) and / or one or more gyroscopes (e.g., three-dimensional gyroscopes). Sensors 213 may include one or more magnetometers (e.g., three-dimensional magnetometers) to determine orientation (e.g., relative to magnetic north and / or true north), which may be used for any of a variety of purposes (e.g., to support one or more compass applications). Environmental sensors may include, for example, one or more temperature sensors, one or more barometric pressure sensors, one or more ambient light sensors, one or more camera imagers, and / or one or more microphones. Sensors 213 can generate analog and / or digital signals, and indications of these signals can be stored in memory 211 and processed by DSP 231 and / or general-purpose / application processor 230 to support one or more applications (such as, for example, applications involving positioning and / or navigation operations).

[0059] Sensors 213 can be used for relative position measurement, relative position determination, motion determination, etc. Information detected by sensors 213 can be used for motion detection, relative displacement, dead reckoning, sensor-based position determination, and / or sensor-assisted position determination. Sensors 213 can be used to determine whether the UE 200 is stationary or moving and / or whether to report certain useful information related to the mobility of the UE 200 to the LMF 120. For example, based on information obtained / measured by sensors 213, the UE 200 can notify / report to the LMF 120 that the UE 200 has detected movement or that the UE 200 has moved, and report relative displacement / distance (e.g., via dead reckoning implemented by sensors 213, or sensor-based position determination, or sensor-assisted position determination). In another example, for relative positioning information, sensors / IMUs can be used to determine the angle and / or orientation of another device relative to the UE 200, etc.

[0060] The IMU can be configured to provide measurements of the UE 200's direction of motion and / or velocity, which can be used for relative position determination. For example, one or more accelerometers and / or one or more gyroscopes of the IMU can detect the UE 200's linear acceleration and rotational velocity, respectively. The UE 200's linear acceleration and rotational velocity measurements can be integrated over time to determine the UE 200's instantaneous direction of motion and displacement. The instantaneous direction of motion and displacement can be integrated to track the UE 200's position. For example, an SPS receiver 217 (and / or some other means) can be used to determine the UE 200's reference position at a given moment, and measurements obtained from the accelerometers and gyroscopes after that moment can be used for dead reckoning to determine the UE 200's current position based on its movement (direction and distance) relative to that reference position.

[0061] (A) Magnetometers can determine the strength of magnetic fields in different directions, which can be used to determine the orientation of UE 200. For example, this orientation can be used to provide a digital compass for UE 200. (A) Magnetometers may include two-dimensional magnetometers configured to detect and provide indications of magnetic field strength in two orthogonal dimensions. (A) Magnetometers may include three-dimensional magnetometers configured to detect and provide indications of magnetic field strength in three orthogonal dimensions. (A) Magnetometers may provide means for sensing magnetic fields and, for example, providing magnetic field indications to processor 210.

[0062] Transceiver 215 may include a wireless transceiver 240 and a wired transceiver 250 configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, wireless transceiver 240 may include a wireless transmitter 242 and a wireless receiver 244 coupled to antenna 246 for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals 248 (e.g., on one or more uplink channels and / or one or more sidelink channels) and converting signals from wireless signals 248 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to wireless signals 248. Wireless transmitter 242 includes suitable components (e.g., a power amplifier and a digital-to-analog converter). Wireless receiver 244 includes suitable components (e.g., one or more amplifiers, one or more frequency filters, and an analog-to-digital converter). Wireless transmitter 242 may include multiple transmitters, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or wireless receiver 244 may include multiple receivers, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. Wireless transceiver 240 may be configured to transmit signals according to various radio access technologies (RATs) such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone Systems), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p), WiFi, and WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). Zigbee, etc. New radios can use millimeter-wave frequencies and / or sub-6 GHz frequencies. Wired transceiver 250 may include a wired transmitter 252 and a wired receiver 254 configured for wired communication, for example, a network interface that can be used to communicate with NG-RAN 135 to send and receive communications from NG-RAN 135. Wired transmitter 252 may include multiple transmitters, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or wired receiver 254 may include multiple receivers, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. Wired transceiver 250 may be configured, for example, for optical and / or electrical communication. Transceiver 215 may be communicatively coupled to transceiver interface 214 (e.g., via optical and / or electrical connections). Transceiver interface 214 may be at least partially integrated with transceiver 215. The wireless transmitter 242, the wireless receiver 244, and / or the antenna 246 may each include multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, and / or multiple antennas for transmitting and / or receiving appropriate signals, respectively.

[0063] User interface 216 may include one or more of a number of devices, such as, for example, speakers, microphones, display devices, vibration devices, keyboards, touchscreens, etc. User interface 216 may include any device that includes more than one of these devices. User interface 216 may be configured to enable a user to interact with one or more applications stored in the main memory of UE 200. For example, user interface 216 may store indications of analog and / or digital signals in memory 211 in response to actions from the user, for processing by DSP 231 and / or general-purpose / application processor 230. Similarly, applications stored in the main memory of UE 200 may store indications of analog and / or digital signals in memory 211 to present output signals to the user. User interface 216 may include audio input / output (I / O) devices, including, for example, speakers, microphones, digital-to-analog circuitry systems, analog-to-digital circuitry systems, amplifiers, and / or gain control circuitry systems (any device including more than one of these devices). Other configurations of the audio I / O devices may be used. Alternatively or concurrently, the user interface 216 may include one or more touch sensors that respond to touch and / or pressure on, for example, the keyboard and / or touchscreen of the user interface 216.

[0064] SPS receiver 217 (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver) can receive and acquire SPS signal 260 via SPS antenna 262. SPS antenna 262 is configured to convert SPS signal 260 from a wireless signal to a wired signal (e.g., an electrical or optical signal) and can be integrated with antenna 246. SPS receiver 217 can be configured to process the acquired SPS signal 260 fully or partially to estimate the location of UE 200. For example, SPS receiver 217 can be configured to determine the location of UE 200 by performing trilateration using SPS signal 260. SPS receiver 217 can be combined with general-purpose / application processor 230, memory 211, DSP 231, and / or one or more dedicated processors (not shown) to process the acquired SPS signal fully or partially and / or calculate the estimated location of UE 200. Memory 211 may store indications (e.g., measurements) of SPS signal 260 and / or other signals (e.g., signals acquired from wireless transceiver 240) for use during positioning operations. General-purpose / application processor 230, DSP 231, and / or one or more dedicated processors, and / or memory 211 may provide or support a location engine for processing measurements to estimate the position of UE 200.

[0065] UE 200 may include a camera 218 for capturing still or moving images. Camera 218 may include, for example, an imaging sensor (e.g., a charge-coupled device or CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) imager), lenses, analog-to-digital circuitry, frame buffers, etc. Additional processing, conditioning, encoding, and / or compression of the signals representing the captured images may be performed by a general-purpose / application processor 230 and / or a DSP 231. Alternatively or additionally, a video processor 233 may perform conditioning, encoding, compression, and / or manipulation of the signals representing the captured images. The video processor 233 may decode / decompress stored image data for presentation on a display device (not shown), for example, a user interface 216.

[0066] Location device (PD) 219 may be configured to determine the orientation, motion, and / or relative orientation, and / or time of UE 200. For example, PD 219 may communicate with, and / or include some or all of SPS receiver 217. PD 219 may appropriately cooperate with processor 210 and memory 211 to perform at least a portion of one or more location methods, although the description herein may only refer to PD 219 being configured to perform or to be performed according to a location method. PD 219 may additionally or alternatively be configured to: perform trilateration using terrestrial signals (e.g., at least some signals 248), assist in acquiring and using SPS signal 260, or both, to determine the location of UE 200. PD 219 may be configured to determine the location of UE 200 based on the serving base station's cell (e.g., cell center) and / or another technology (such as E-CID). PD 219 can be configured to determine the location of UE 200 using one or more images from camera 218 and image recognition combined with the known location of landmarks (e.g., natural landmarks such as mountains) and / or man-made landmarks such as buildings, bridges, streets, etc.). PD 219 can be configured to determine the location of UE 200 using one or more other technologies (e.g., relying on the UE's self-reported location (e.g., part of the UE's positioning beacon)), and can use a combination of these technologies (e.g., SPS and terrestrial positioning signals) to determine the location of UE 200. PD 219 may include one or more sensors 213 (e.g., gyroscopes, accelerometers, magnetometers, etc.) that can sense the orientation and / or motion of UE 200 and provide an indication of such orientation and / or motion, and processor 210 (e.g., general-purpose / application processor 230 and / or DSP 231) can be configured to use this indication to determine the motion of UE 200 (e.g., velocity vector and / or acceleration vector). PD 219 can be configured to provide an indication of uncertainty and / or error in the determined orientation and / or motion. The functionality of PD 219 can be provided in a variety of ways and / or configurations, such as by a general-purpose / application processor 230, transceiver 215, SPS receiver 217 and / or another component of UE 200, and can be provided by hardware, software, firmware or various combinations thereof.

[0067] Also refer to Figure 3Examples of TRP 300 for gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114 include a computing platform containing processor 310, memory 311 including software (SW) 312, and transceiver 315. Processor 310, memory 311 and transceiver 315 are communicatively coupled to each other via bus 320 (which may be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication). One or more of the illustrated devices (e.g., a wireless transceiver) may be omitted from TRP 300. Processor 310 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.). Processor 310 may include multiple processors (e.g., including such...). Figure 2 (The general-purpose / application processor, DSP, modem processor, video processor, and / or sensor processor shown). Memory 311 is a non-transient storage medium, which may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 311 stores software 312, which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions configured to cause processor 310 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 312 may not be directly executable by processor 310, but may be configured (e.g., when compiled and executed) to cause processor 310 to perform the functions.

[0068] This specification may refer to processor 310 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as processor 310 performing software and / or firmware implementations. This specification may refer to processor 310 performing functions as a shorthand for one or more processors included in processor 310 performing that function. This specification may refer to TRP 300 performing functions as a shorthand for one or more appropriate components (e.g., processor 310 and memory 311) of TRP 300 (and thus one of gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114) performing that function. Processor 310 may include memory with stored instructions as a complement and / or alternative to memory 311. The functionality of processor 310 is discussed more fully below.

[0069] Transceiver 315 may include a wireless transceiver 340 and / or a wired transceiver 350 configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, wireless transceiver 340 may include a wireless transmitter 342 and a wireless receiver 344 coupled to one or more antennas 346 for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals 348 (e.g., on one or more uplink channels and / or one or more downlink channels) and converting signals from wireless signals 348 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to wireless signals 348. Thus, wireless transmitter 342 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or wireless receiver 344 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 340 can be configured to support various radio access technologies (RATs) such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p), WiFi, and WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). The wired transceiver 352 may include multiple transmitters, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wired receiver 354 may include multiple receivers, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wired transceiver 350 may be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication.

[0070] Figure 3 The configuration of TRP 300 shown is exemplary and not intended to limit this disclosure (including the claims), and other configurations may be used. For example, the description herein discusses TRP 300 being configured to perform several functions or TRP 300 performing several functions, but one or more of these functions may be performed by LMF 120 and / or UE 200 (i.e., LMF 120 and / or UE 200 may be configured to perform one or more of these functions).

[0071] Also refer to Figure 4Server 400 (LMF 120 is an example thereof) includes: a computing platform containing processor 410, a memory 411 containing software (SW) 412, and a transceiver 415. Processor 410, memory 411, and transceiver 415 are communicatively coupled to each other via bus 420 (which may be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication). One or more of the illustrated devices (e.g., a wireless transceiver) may be omitted from server 400. Processor 410 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.). Processor 410 may include multiple processors (e.g., including such...). Figure 2 (The general-purpose / application processor, DSP, modem processor, video processor, and / or sensor processor shown). Memory 411 is a non-transient storage medium, which may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 411 stores software 412, which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions configured to cause processor 410 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 412 may not be directly executable by processor 410, but may be configured (e.g., when compiled and executed) to cause processor 410 to perform various functions. This specification may refer to processor 410 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as processor 410 performing software and / or firmware implementations. This specification may refer to processor 410 performing functions as a shorthand for one or more processors included in processor 410 performing that function. This specification may refer to server 400 performing functions as a shorthand for one or more appropriate components of server 400 performing that function. Processor 410 may include memory with stored instructions as a supplement to and / or replacement of memory 411. The functionality of processor 410 is discussed more fully below.

[0072] Transceiver 415 may include a wireless transceiver 440 and / or a wired transceiver 450 configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, wireless transceiver 440 may include a wireless transmitter 442 and a wireless receiver 444 coupled to one or more antennas 446 for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals 448 (e.g., on one or more downlink channels) and converting signals from wireless signals 448 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to wireless signals 448. Thus, wireless transmitter 442 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or wireless receiver 444 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 440 can be configured to support various radio access technologies (RATs) such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p), WiFi, and WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). The wired transceiver 450 may include a wired transmitter 452 and a wired receiver 454 configured for wired communication, for example, a network interface that can be used to communicate with NG-RAN 135 to send communications to and receive communications from TRP 300 (e.g., and / or one or more other entities). The wired transmitter 452 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wired receiver 454 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wired transceiver 450 may be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication.

[0073] The description herein may refer to processor 410 performing a function, but this includes other implementations, such as the implementation of software and / or firmware (stored in memory 411) performed by processor 410. The description herein may refer to server 400 performing a function as a shorthand for one or more appropriate components of server 400 (e.g., processor 410 and memory 411) performing that function.

[0074] Figure 4The configuration of server 400 shown is exemplary and not intended to limit this disclosure (including the claims), and other configurations may be used. For example, wireless transceiver 440 may be omitted. Additionally or alternatively, the description herein discusses server 400 being configured to perform several functions or server 400 performing several functions, but one or more of these functions may be performed by TRP 300 and / or UE 200 (i.e., TRP 300 and / or UE 200 may be configured to perform one or more of these functions).

[0075] Signal interference detection and response

[0076] The UE can receive various types of signals, any of which may be subject to intentional and / or unintentional interference. A first signal (e.g., a positioning signal (satellite-based or terrestrial-based), a communication signal, etc.) may be interfered with by a second signal if the second signal interferes with the measurement of the first signal (e.g., hindering accurate measurement (e.g., for timing, decoding, etc.)). This is because the second signal, when received, has sufficient power relative to the first signal to make the measurement of the first signal unreliable. Determining that the received signal is likely an interfering signal can facilitate mitigation of the effects of the interfering signal, such as triggering one or more actions to avoid using the interfered signal for positioning, communication, etc.

[0077] Reference Figure 5 Further reference Figure 1-4 UE 500 includes a processor 510, an interface 520, and a memory 530, which are communicatively coupled to each other via a bus 540. UE 500 may include... Figure 5 Some or all of the components shown, and may include one or more other components, such as Figure 2 Any of the components shown may be used to make UE 200 an example of UE 500. Processor 510 may include one or more components of processor 210. Interface 520 may include one or more components of transceiver 215, such as wireless transmitter 242 and antenna 246, or wireless receiver 244 and antenna 246, or wireless transmitter 242, wireless receiver 244 and antenna 246. Alternatively or additionally, interface 520 may include wired transmitter 252 and / or wired receiver 254. Interface 520 may include SPS receiver 217 and antenna 262. Memory 530 may be configured similarly to memory 211, for example, including software having processor-readable instructions configured to cause processor 510 to perform functions.

[0078] The description herein may refer to processor 510 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as the implementation of software and / or firmware (stored in memory 530) performed by processor 510. The description herein may refer to UE 500 performing functions as a shorthand for one or more appropriate components of UE 500 (e.g., processor 510 and memory 530) performing that function. Processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530 and, where appropriate, with interface 520) includes an interference signal detection unit 560 and an interference effect mitigation unit 570. Interference signal detection unit 560 is configured to determine whether a received signal is an interference signal, for example, by determining whether the received signal is unacceptably unstable. Interference effect mitigation unit 570 may be configured to perform one or more functions to mitigate (e.g., reduce or avoid) the effects of interference signals on the operation of UE 500 (e.g., accurate signal measurements (e.g., measurements of location signals, communication signals, etc.)). For example, interference signal effect mitigation unit 570 may be configured to control the activation state of different signal receiving chains of UE 500 for measuring signals. The signal receiving chain may include an RF path (radio frequency path) (e.g., components from the antenna to (but not including) the ADC) and one or more additional components. The interference signal detection unit 560 and the interference effect mitigation unit 570 are further discussed below, and this specification may generally refer to the processor 510 or generally to the UE 500 performing any of the functions of the interference signal detection unit 560 and the interference effect mitigation unit 570, wherein the UE 500 is configured to perform these functions.

[0079] Also refer to Figure 6 In navigation environment 600, UE 500 may be associated with user 620 (e.g., held by the user) and may receive satellite signals 611, 612 from satellites 190, 192, receive communication signal 631 from base station 630, and receive one or more other signals from one or more other sources (e.g., satellites 191, 193, one or more other base stations, one or more other UEs, etc.). UE 500 also receives interference signal 641 from interfering party 640. Interfering party 640 may generate interference signal 641 to intentionally interfere with one or more of signals 611, 612, 631, or interference signal 641 may unintentionally interfere with one or more of signals 611, 612, 631. For example, it has been found that terrestrial satellite signal repeaters may unintentionally interfere with satellite signals received by the UE. As another example, interference signal 641 may be white noise, intentional interference, etc. Furthermore, the interference signal may be in the same frequency band as the interfered signal or out of band relative to the interfered signal. Strong out-of-band (OOB) interference can lead to an observed decrease in in-band signal power metrics, for example, due to gain compression effects in the receiver chain.

[0080] Also refer to Figure 7 and 8 The interference signal detection unit 560 of the UE 500 is configured to process one or more signal strength metrics received from the analog / digital front end 710 to determine whether the corresponding signal is an interference signal. The analog / digital front end 710 is configured to receive and process the signal to generate one or more signal strength metrics and provide these metrics to the interference signal detection unit 560, specifically the signal strength metric change detector 720. In some configurations, the signal strength metrics may also be provided to the interference detector 730. The signal strength metric change detector 720 is configured to measure changes in the signal strength metrics, generate one or more change metrics, and provide these change metrics to the interference detector 730. The interference detector 730 is configured to use one or more of the change metrics and / or one or more of the signal strength metrics to determine whether the signal corresponding to the signal strength metrics and / or the change metrics is an interference signal and to provide an indication of interference in response to determining that the signal corresponding to the signal strength metrics and / or the change metrics is an interference signal.

[0081] Also refer to Figure 8 UE 800, as an example of UE 500, includes a processor 810, a memory 830, an antenna 840, and an analog / digital front-end 850 communicatively coupled to each other. Processor 810 is an example of processor 510, and memory 830 is an example of memory 530. Processor 810 is configured to control components of the analog / digital front-end 850, such as their activation state (whether a component (including a portion thereof) is active (e.g., powered and / or otherwise permitted to operate) or inactive (e.g., powered down and / or otherwise prohibited to operate)). Antenna 840 includes one or more antennas and is configured to receive one or more types of signals, such as satellite signals, terrestrial communication signals, terrestrial positioning signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)), etc. The analog / digital front-end 850 in this example is configured to receive signals in different frequency bands and process different signals in different receive chains 860, 870.

[0082] The analog / digital front-end 850 includes multiple receiver chains 860, 870, for example, used to measure satellite signals in different frequency bands. Although in Figure 8Two receiver chains are shown, but UE 800 may include more than two receiver chains, for example, for measuring signals with frequencies in more than two different frequency bands (e.g., different sub-bands). For example, receiver chains 860 and 870 may be configured to measure satellite signals in the L1 and L2 / L5 frequency bands, respectively. Although this is an example and not a limitation of this disclosure, any or both of receiver chains 860 and 870 may be configured to measure signals in other frequency bands, and / or other receiver chains may be included in UE 800.

[0083] Receiver chains 860 and 870 include corresponding components for measuring signals in different frequency bands. Receiver chain 860 includes a BPF 861 (bandpass filter), an LNA 862 (low-noise amplifier), an RFA 863 (RF / analog processing block for down-conversion, signal conditioning / filtering, and amplification), an ADC 864 (analog-to-digital converter), a baseband block 865, and a computation block 867. The RFA 863 may be referred to as a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). The BPF 861 is configured to allow signals at frequencies within the desired frequency band (e.g., the L1 band) to pass through with minimal attenuation, even if any, and to significantly attenuate signals at frequencies outside the desired frequency band of the BPF 861. The LNA 862 is configured to amplify the signal passing through the BPF 861. RFA 863 is configured to down-convert the analog amplified signal output from LNA 862 to a baseband frequency to perform signal conditioning and / or filtering (e.g., anti-aliasing filtering) and amplification in addition to that performed by LNA 864. ADC 864 (here part of RFIC 880 (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit)) is configured to convert the analog signal output from RFA 863 into a digital signal. Baseband block 865 is configured to perform signal processing on the digital signal output from ADC 864, such as correlating the digital signal output from ADC 864 with a corresponding reference pseudo-random signal (e.g., a gold code) by integrating the signal (e.g., for 1 ms) and dumping the integrated signal for further processing to determine if the correlation result has sufficient energy to indicate the true signal. Calculation block 867 (here part of CPU 890 (Central Processing Unit)) can be configured to perform one or more calculations on the signal output from baseband block 865 to determine one or more measurements (e.g., measurements of signal strength (e.g., signal amplitude or signal power)). Calculation block 867 includes a portion of CPU 890 for performing measurement calculations on receiver chain 860 (i.e., signals in the desired frequency band corresponding to BPF 861). Therefore, calculation block 867 is shown as being used for calculations on frequency band 1 (FB1). CPU 890 may be part of processor 510. Receiver chain 870 includes BPF 871, LNA 872, RFA 873, ADC 874, baseband block 875, and calculation block 877. BPF 871 is configured to allow signals at frequencies within the desired frequency band (e.g., L2 / L5 band) to pass through, with minimal attenuation even if any, and to significantly attenuate signals at frequencies outside the desired frequency band of BPF 871. LNA872, RFA873, ADC874, baseband block 875, and compute block 877 are configured similarly to LNA862, RFA863, ADC864, baseband block 865, and compute block 867, but are appropriately configured to process signals corresponding to the desired frequency of the BPF871.Therefore, computation block 877 is shown as being used for computation of frequency band N (FBN) because there may be N receiver chains, where N is an integer of 2 or greater.

[0084] Receive chains 860 and 870 are distinct and can be independently activated / deactivated by processor 810. For example, one or more corresponding components of one or both of receive chains 860 and 870 can be powered down to deactivate the corresponding receive chain 860 or 870. Although RFA 863, 873 and ADC 864, 874 are part of RFIC 880, RFA 863 and ADC 864 can include parts of RFIC 880 and RFA 873, and ADC 874 can include distinct parts of RFIC 880, for example, such that RFA 863 and ADC 864 can be enabled / disabled independently of enabling / disabling RFA 873 and ADC 874. Similarly, compute block 867 can include part of CPU 890, and compute block 877 can include distinct parts of CPU 890, such that compute blocks 867 and 877 can be independently enabled / disabled. For example, processing of computation block 867 can be performed while processing of computation block 877 can be avoided, thereby saving the power originally used for the computation of computation block 877. Each of the receive chains 860 and 870 can be controlled by processor 810 to be active, for example, when BPF 861, LNA 862, RFA 863, ADC 864, baseband block 865 and computation block 867 are powered and / or when BPF 871, LNA 872, RFA 873, ADC 874, baseband block 875 and computation block 877 are powered. Similarly, each of the receive chains 860 and 870 may be controlled by the processor 810 to be inactive, for example, when one or more of the BPF 861, LNA 862, RFA 863, ADC 864, baseband block 865, and compute block 867 are not powered or otherwise not used (e.g., compute block 867 is not provided with data to be processed) and / or when one or more of the BPF 871, LNA 872, RFA 873, ADC 874, baseband block 875, and compute block 877 are not powered or otherwise not used.

[0085] Calculation blocks 867 and 877 are configured to determine one or more signal strength metrics based on the signal strength of the received signal (e.g., signal amplitude and / or signal power). The signal strength of the received signal can be measured at a desired point in the receive chain 860 (and / or receive chain 870). For example, the signal amplitude can be output by the ADC 864, and the gain of the RFA 863 and / or the gain of the baseband block 865 can be determined. The output signal power of the baseband block 865 can be determined by a total baseband signal power metric based on the baseband output power, the RFA gain, and the baseband block gain. A known gain applied to the signal before measurement can be subtracted so that the signal strength metric can be given by the following formula.

[0086] S metric =10·log 10 (Signal power) – Total gain (1)

[0087] Where S metric It is a signal strength metric, and the total gain is expressed in dB. If all gains are known and removed, the signal strength metric represents the absolute signal strength. If one or more unknown gains exist, the signal strength metric represents the relative signal strength, and a reference noise level (RNL) can be used for comparison. RNL represents the expected signal strength when no interfering signal is present. The analog / digital front end 850 (e.g., one or both of computation blocks 867, 877 (and / or one or more of any other computation blocks)) can provide the signal strength metric to the processor 810, specifically the interference signal detection unit 560.

[0088] Please refer to the following for details. Figure 7 The signal strength metric change detector 720 is configured to measure the change of a signal strength metric over time. Any of various options for measuring signal strength metric change can be used. For example, the standard deviation of N consecutive signal strength metric observations can be determined as the change metric.

[0089] V metric (N)=std(S metric (1:N))(2)

[0090] Where V metric (N) is the existing measure of change (corresponding to the observed value N), and S metric (1:N) is a set of signal strength measures for the N most recent observations. Various values ​​of N can be used, such as 10 or 30 for ADC amplitude and baseband output signal power. Consecutive observations can be spaced apart in time, for example, by one second. As another example, the variation measure can be a range of signal strength measure values ​​over the N observations, i.e.

[0091] V metric(N)=max(S metric (1:N))-min(S metric (1:N))(3)

[0092] As another example, the measure of change can be the largest absolute difference between the current observation and previous observations (e.g., N-1 previous measurements), such that...

[0093] V metric (N)=max(abs(S metric (N)-S metric (1:N-1)))(4)

[0094] These are examples, and other ways of determining a signal strength metric can be used, such that the change metric responds to (makes the change metric value dependent on) the change in the signal strength metric over time.

[0095] Interference detector 730 can determine whether a signal is an interference signal by evaluating one or more change measures received from signal strength metric change detector 720 and / or one or more signal strength measures, such as those received from analog / digital front end 710. For example, interference detector 730 can determine that the signal corresponding to a change measure is an interference signal based solely on the change measure. For example, if the change measure corresponding to the signal indicates that the change in the signal is unacceptably high (e.g., a stability measure exceeds a stability threshold, thus indicating that the signal is unacceptably unstable (e.g., the signal stability is unacceptably low or the signal instability is unacceptably high)), then the signal can be considered an interference signal. For example, interference detector 730 can be configured to detect interference signals as follows: if the change measure indicating the amount of change in the signal strength metric has a higher change measure value corresponding to a higher level of change.

[0096] If V metric >V thresh Then set the interference indicator to positive (5)

[0097] Where V thresh The change threshold, and a positive interference indicator, indicates that the signal is interference. The change threshold can be a rate of change, such as the change per time unit or the change per number of observations. As another example, the interference detector 730 can be configured to determine whether a signal is interference based on a measure of signal change or a measure of signal strength. For example, if the corresponding measure of signal change indicates that the signal's change is unacceptably high, or the signal strength measure indicates that the signal strength is high enough to make the signal a interference signal (e.g., unlikely not to be interference), then the signal can be considered interference. In this case, the interference detector 730 can be configured to detect interference signals as follows:

[0098] If (V metric > V thresh OR S metric > S thresh ), then set the interference indicator to positive (6)

[0099] Where S thresh This is the signal strength threshold. As another example, the interfering detector 730 can be configured to determine if a signal is an interfering signal based on a combination of a signal change metric and a signal strength metric. For example, the interfering detector can be configured to detect interfering signals according to the following...

[0100] If(S metric Any one of (1:N-1) > S thresh AND V metric >V thresh ),

[0101] Then set the interference indicator to positive (7).

[0102] In this way, the change metric provides a hysteresis for interfering signal detection. In this configuration, once the interfering detector 730 detects that the change metric exceeds a change threshold, the interfering indicator will remain positive as long as the change metric continues to exceed the change threshold and the signal strength of at least one of the previous N-1 observations exceeds the signal strength threshold. That is, as long as any recent signal strength exceeds the signal strength threshold and the change metric indicates an unacceptable change in the signal, the interfering detector 730 will continue to determine that the received signal is an interfering signal. Once interference is detected, the interfering detector 730 will continue to indicate interference as long as the signal has an unacceptable change in the previous time or observation amount, leading to the conclusion that interference was not immediately removed when the signal strength dropped below the signal strength threshold. This helps avoid measuring the interfered signal and / or using measurements of interfered signals that were previously considered uninterrupted using prior techniques.

[0103] Interference signals can be detected using evaluations other than the if-then logic (5)-(7). For example, the interfering detector 730 can be configured to determine that a signal is an interference signal based on the if-then logic (7) or the existing signal strength exceeding a signal strength threshold, as follows:

[0104] If(S metric (N)>S thresh OR(S metric Any one of (1:N-1) > S thresh AND

[0105] Vmetric >V thresh Then set the interference indicator to positive (8)

[0106] Other assessments are possible for detecting interference signals.

[0107] The signal strength metric change detector 720 can be configured to determine a signal strength threshold. For example, the signal strength threshold can be set to RNL plus a constant representing the level of receiver performance degradation expected to be considered interfered with and thus triggering a positive interference indicator. Therefore, for example, the signal strength metric change detector 720 can be configured to determine the signal strength threshold as follows.

[0108] S thresh =RNL+C(10)

[0109] Where C is a constant and can be set to a value, such as 10 dB, based on the expected performance degradation considered as interference. For receivers supporting operation on multiple frequency bands (e.g., receiver chains 860, 870 of UE 800), the signal strength threshold for one frequency band can be dynamically set based on a signal strength indicator for another frequency band. For example, it can be based on a signal strength metric (S) for a second frequency band. metric2 To dynamically set the signal strength threshold (S) for the first frequency band. thres1 The signal strength threshold for the first frequency band can be determined using the following formula.

[0110] S thres1 =RNL1+C+(S metric2 –RNL2)(11)

[0111] Where RNL1 is the reference noise level for the first frequency band and RNL2 is the reference noise level for the second frequency band. Setting the signal strength threshold for the first frequency band based on the signal strength metric of the second frequency band helps prevent switching from the first interfered frequency band to the second interfered frequency band, which is interfered with as much or more than the first interfered frequency band. When setting the signal strength threshold for a frequency band based on the signal strength metric of another frequency band, the signal strength metric change detector 720 can be configured to apply a lower bound (the lowest possible value) to the determined signal strength threshold. This lower bound helps prevent the signal strength metric of the second frequency band from causing the signal strength threshold for the first frequency band to drop below the level at which the signal strength threshold for the first frequency band would be without considering the signal strength metric of the second frequency band. Therefore, for example, the signal strength metric change detector 720 can be configured to determine the signal strength threshold according to the following formula.

[0112] S thres1 =RNL1+C+max(0,S)metric2 –RNL2)(12)

[0113] Interference mitigation unit 570 can be configured to respond to determination of the presence of an interfering signal (e.g., an interference indicator is set to positive) by taking one or more actions. For example, interference mitigation unit 570 can be configured to discard one or more outputs corresponding to a signal determined to be interfered with (e.g., in the same frequency band as the interfering signal, affected by OOB interference, etc.). Interference mitigation unit 570 can, for example, provide an indication of some degree of disapproval and / or warning regarding outputs corresponding to potentially interfered signals (e.g., pseudorange, signal timing, signal amplitude, and / or positioning estimates derived from potentially interfered signals). This indication can indicate, for example, disapproval, unauthorized use, and / or discouragement of using the output. The recipient of the output and the discard indication can decide whether to use the output. For example, if a positioning entity has insufficient measurements to determine a positioning estimate without discarded measurements, the positioning entity can use the discarded measurements, while if the positioning entity has a sufficient number of non-discarded measurements to determine a positioning estimate, the positioning entity can ignore the discarded measurements. As another example, the positioning entity can downweight the discarded measurements to determine the positioning estimate. As another example, the receiver of a deprecated measurement can trigger spoofing detection. Deprecation indications can help prevent poor positioning accuracy due to the use of tampered signals and can help determine position estimates when they would otherwise be uncertain if the output were suppressed rather than deprecated (although perhaps not as accurately as expected).

[0114] Additionally or alternatively, the interference mitigation unit 570 may be configured to respond to the determination of the presence of an interfering signal by taking one or more other actions. For example, the interference mitigation unit 570 may be configured to respond to the determination of the presence of an interfering signal by suppressing one or more outputs corresponding to a signal that has been determined to be interfered with, such that the one or more outputs are prevented from reaching and being used by the receiver. This helps ensure good positioning accuracy. As another example, the interference mitigation unit 570 may be configured to invalidate one or more outputs corresponding to a signal that has been determined to be interfered with. The interference mitigation unit 570 may provide an invalidation indication along with the one or more outputs. This helps prevent the use of inaccurate measurements, thereby improving positioning accuracy, and may provide information that can be used for other purposes, such as triggering spoofing detection. As another example, the interference mitigation unit 570 may shift resources from the interfered frequency band to another frequency band that is not interfered with or is at least less interfered with than the interfered frequency band. For example, the interference mitigation unit 570 can power off one or more components of the receiver chain 860 (e.g., LNA 862, RFA 863, computation block 867, etc.) and power on the receiver chain 870 based on interference in the frequency band of the receiver chain 860. This helps save power while maintaining or improving positioning accuracy. The interference mitigation unit 570 can also occasionally (e.g., periodically) power on one or more components of the receiver chain 860 for a period of time to allow for updates to the interference state.

[0115] Discard and / or invalidation indications for outputs associated with interference can be aggregated and distributed. Thus, interference and non-interference can be crowdsourced, for example, maps of interference / spoofing areas and non-interference / spoofing areas are provided to devices for determining whether to take one or more actions, such as whether to make one or more measurements, whether to take one or more precautions (e.g., ignore the signal), whether to report one or more measurements, etc.

[0116] A reference noise level (RNL) is used to compensate for unknown gain in the signal strength metric. RNL can vary from device to device, for example due to differences between components and / or manufacturing variations, and can change over time, for example due to component aging. RNL can be set in various ways. For example, the RNL value can be determined based on device design and may be measured using one or more devices (e.g., the mean of measurements using a sample of the device), and can be statically configured, for example, programmed into memory 530 during manufacturing. As another example, each device can be tested during manufacturing to determine the RNL for that device, and this RNL is statically configured, for example, programmed into memory 530 during manufacturing.

[0117] As another example of RNL calibration, the RNL can be dynamically configured, for example, by the UE 500 during use, wherein the RNL is updated as appropriate. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 can be configured to intermittently measure the signal strength metric (e.g., at the beginning of each session at the UE 500, such as each communication session or each location session). The interference signal detection unit 560 can be configured to set the RNL to the signal strength metric determined at the beginning of each session. As another example, the interference signal detection unit 560 can be configured to dynamically calibrate the RNL during the operation of the UE 500. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 can be configured to calibrate the RNL based on the currently measured signal metric (e.g., the old RNL value RNL) according to the following formula. old The new RNL value is obtained by adding the difference between the currently measured signal strength metric and the old RNL value. new Replace the RNL value (it becomes the old RNL value).

[0118] RNL new =RNL old +(S metric –RNL old (13)

[0119] The interference detection unit 560 can retain calibrated RNL values ​​across sessions, for example, by storing the latest calibrated RNL value in memory 530 before the end of a session (e.g., each time an RNL is determined) and retrieving the stored RNL value from memory 530 at the start of a new session. Prior to the first receiver session of the UE 500, the initial RNL value can be statically configured as discussed above (e.g., based on the design settings of the UE 500 or measured and set during the manufacture of the UE 500). The interference detection unit 560 can independently calibrate RNLs for different frequency bands.

[0120] Interference detection unit 560 can be configured to help avoid poor or incorrect calibration of the RNL. For example, interference detection unit 560 can be configured to help avoid calibrating the RNL for a frequency band when the frequency band is interfered with at UE 500. Interference detection unit 560 can be configured, for example, not to calibrate the RNL for a frequency band when the interference indicator for that frequency band is set (i.e., set to positive). As another example, interference detection unit 560 can be configured to limit the calibration of the RNL to when the receiver performance meets or exceeds the expected performance, for example, when one or more performance metrics at least meet one or more performance metric thresholds or a combination of metrics meets a combination criterion. For example, calibration can be limited when the bit error rate (BER) is below a threshold BER or the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is above an SNR threshold, or the estimated positioning error (e.g., for a GNSS receiver) such as HEPE (Horizontal Estimated Positioning Error) is below a threshold positioning error. For a combination of metrics, one or more of these metrics may not meet the thresholds determined individually, but the combination of metrics meets the combination of thresholds (e.g., the SNR threshold used only to evaluate SNR may be higher than the SNR threshold used to evaluate SNR and bit error rate to determine acceptable performance).

[0121] To calibrate the RNL, the interference detection unit 560 can be configured to adjust the old value of the RNL to the new value of the RNL by different amounts (resulting in faster or slower adjustment of the RNL) depending on whether the new value (current value) of the RNL is higher or lower than the old value (previous value) of the RNL. Because the true RNL should be the lowest signal level observed by the receiver, the interference detection unit 560 can adjust the RNL faster when it is falling than when it is rising. If the RNL is rising, the corresponding desired signal may be under interference, and therefore a slower increase in the RNL helps prevent the RNL from being increased too much to make the interfered signal appear uninterrupted and usable by the receiver (e.g., UE 500). An example of calibration filtering logic can be represented by the following formula.

[0122]

[0123] RNL coef1 RNL coef2 So that (RNL) old +(S metric –RNL old ) / RNL coef1 )<(RNL new =RNL old +(S metric –RNL old ) / RNL coef2 Therefore, if S metric RNLold Then RNL old Compared to S metric ≤RNL old In the case of increasing less (incrementing by a smaller amount) to become RNL new .

[0124] Interference detection unit 560 can be configured to consider the presence of out-of-band (OOB) interference when determining the rate (e.g., via what increment) at which to adjust the RNL for calibration. Interference can occur relative to the OOB of the desired signal to be measured (e.g., PRS), but at a frequency within the band of the circuitry used to detect that desired signal (e.g., receiver chain 860 or 870, such as ADC 864 or ADC 874). OOB interference can cause gain compression, resulting in a lower perceived gain for the desired signal in the presence of OOB interference. Automatic gain control of the RFA can cause the signal metric level to be lower than the true RNL, which can lead to a dynamically determined RNL value lower than the desired value unless interference detection unit 560 takes precautions against the RNL value being lower than the desired value. To detect OOB interference, the implicit signal power component of the RNL can be compared to a threshold to ensure that…

[0125] If (RNL + total gain < signal power threshold), then the OOB interference is detected.

[0126] Because OOB interference artificially lowers the RNL, the interference signal detection unit 560 can be configured to adjust the old RNL value by a larger amount when OOB interference is detected than when the RNL increases and no OOB interference is detected. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 can implement the RNL calibration logic as follows:

[0127]

[0128] RNL coef1 RNL coef2 .

[0129] Reference Figure 9 And further refer to Figure 1-8 The method 900 for prohibiting the use of interfered signals includes the stages shown. However, method 900 is illustrative and not limiting. Method 900 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing concurrently, and / or splitting a single stage into multiple stages. Examples for receiving L1 and L5 signals are provided below, but this disclosure is not limited to these frequency bands and is not limited to receiving (or measuring) satellite signals (also known as SV signals). Furthermore, while the discussion of method 900 focuses on the detection of interference with positioning signals, method 900 can be applied to other types of signals (e.g., communication signals).

[0130] At stage 910, method 900 includes wirelessly receiving a desired signal at a receiver. For example, receiver chain 860 receives an SV signal 611 from satellite 190 via antenna 840, wherein the first SV signal has a first frequency, such as one or more frequencies in a frequency band (e.g., L1 or L5 band). As another example, receiver chain 860 receives a communication signal 631 from base station 630. Interface 520 (e.g., receiver chain 860 or a portion thereof (e.g., BPF 861) and antenna 840) may include means for receiving the desired signal. Other components of receiver chain 860 may or may not include portions of the means for receiving the desired signal. For example, downstream components of inactive components may not include portions of the means for receiving the first satellite signal.

[0131] At stage 920, method 900 includes wirelessly receiving an unwanted signal at a receiver, the intensity of which varies over time. For example, receiver chain 860 receives an interfering signal 641 from interfering party 640 via antenna 840, wherein the unwanted signal is in-band (overlapping with the desired signal in frequency) or out-of-band (not overlapping with the desired signal in frequency, but within the frequency band in which receiver chain 860 is designed to receive and process the signal). Interface 520 (e.g., receiver chain 860 or a portion thereof (e.g., BPF 861) and antenna 840) may include means for receiving the unwanted signal. Similar to the discussion at stage 910, other components of receiver chain 860 may or may not include portions of the means for receiving the unwanted signal.

[0132] At stage 930, method 900 includes: prohibiting the measurement of the desired signal or the use of a measurement of the desired signal based on determining that the unwanted signal is an interfering signal based on the variation of the unwanted signal indicating interference. For example, processor 810 (e.g., processor 510) may control receiver chain 860 (and / or one or more other receiver chains such as receiver chain 870) to be inactive (at least one component is inactive, e.g., powered down (e.g., not receiving power)) so that receiver chain 860 does not fully process the received signal, thereby preventing the measurement of the desired signal. This can reduce power consumption and improve positioning accuracy, or at least help prevent positioning accuracy degradation, by avoiding the measurement of the interfered signal and avoiding the use of the measurement of the interfered signal to determine positioning. If the interfered signal is not measured, the interfered signal is not used for positioning or other desired uses (e.g., communication). As another example, interference mitigation unit 570 may not suppress the measurement of the desired signal, but rather prohibit the use of those measurements by discarding or invalidating the measurement of the desired signal. Interference mitigation unit 570 can internally disable or invalidate these measurements via one or more internal notifications and / or externally disable or invalidate these measurements, for example, by transmitting one or more disable / invalidate messages via interface 520 (e.g., via a transceiver including antenna 840). This can reduce power consumption and improve positioning accuracy by avoiding the use of measurements of the interfered signal to determine positioning, or at least help prevent positioning accuracy degradation. Processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530, possibly in conjunction with interface 520 (e.g., receive chain 860 and / or receive chain 870 and / or possibly wireless transmitter 244 and antenna 246)) may include means for disabling or preventing the use of measurements of the desired signal.

[0133] Implementations of method 900 may include one or more of the following features. In an example implementation, method 900 includes: determining a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength metric of one or more first signals wirelessly received at the receiver, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric corresponding to a different time; determining a second value of a change metric based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric; and determining that the undesired signal is an interference signal based on the second value of the change metric indicating that the change of an undesired signal exceeds a threshold change. For example, interference signal detection unit 560 (e.g., implemented by processor 510 and possibly by memory 530) may determine the signal strength metric S according to equation (1). metric The interference signal detection unit 560 can use, for example, any of the equations (2)-(4) or the one used to calculate the change measure V. metric Another technique of (N) (e.g., a combination of two or more of the equations (2)-(4)) is used to determine V. metric(N). The interference signal detection unit 560 may determine that an unwanted signal is an interference signal based on a change measure, according to any of the if-then logics (5)-(8) or another technique for determining that a change in signal metric indicates an interference signal. The processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530) may include means for determining a plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric, means for determining the value of the change measure, and means for determining that the unwanted signal is an interference signal. In another example implementation, the determination that the unwanted signal is an interference signal is further based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 may determine that the unwanted signal is an interference signal based on a change measure, according to any of the if-then logics (6)-(8) or another technique for determining that a change in signal metric indicates an interference signal and includes a signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold. In another example implementation, the signal strength threshold is determined based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of an interference signal. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 may determine the signal strength threshold according to equation (10) or according to another formula including an RNL value. Processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530) may include means for determining a signal strength threshold. In another example implementation, the signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold, the desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band, and method 900 includes: receiving a second signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and further determining the first signal strength threshold based on a third value of a signal strength metric of the second signal. For example, interference signal detection unit 560 may determine the signal strength threshold of the first frequency band according to equation (11) or equation (12). Processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530 and interface 520 (e.g., wireless receiver 244 and antenna 246)) may include means for receiving the second signal, and processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530) may include means for determining the first signal strength threshold based on a value of a signal strength metric of the second signal. In another example implementation, the interference signal is a first interference signal in the first frequency band, and determining the first signal strength threshold is further based on the difference between a second value of a signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interference signal in the second frequency band. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 may determine the signal strength threshold of the first frequency band according to equation (12). In another example implementation, method 900 includes dynamically determining a first expected value for the signal strength metric. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 may dynamically determine the RNL by based on one or more signal measurement settings determined in a continuously evolving manner and / or by adjusting the RNL value.Processor 510 (possibly in conjunction with memory 530 and interface 520 (e.g., antenna 840 and receiver chain 860)) may include means for determining a first expected value of a signal strength metric. In another example implementation, determining the first expected value of a signal strength metric includes determining a current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of a plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric. For example, interference detection unit 560 may calculate RNL according to equation (13) or according to if-then-else logic (14) or if-then-else logic (15). new Value. In another example implementation, method 900 includes: adjusting the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure by a smaller amount than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure when one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure. For example, interference signal detection unit 560 may calculate RNL according to if-then-else logic (14) or if-then-else logic (15). new Value. In another example implementation, determining the first expected value of the signal strength metric involves changing the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric in the absence of out-of-band interference by a larger amount compared to the case with out-of-band interference, to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric. For example, the interference signal detection unit 560 may calculate RNL according to if-then-else logic (15). new value.

[0134] Alternatively or concurrently, implementations of method 900 may include one or more of the following features. In the example implementation, the desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and method 900 includes enabling measurement of a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band by the receiver. For example, interference mitigation unit 570 may deactivate one or more components of receiver chain 860 and activate receiver chain 870 (e.g., if receiver chain 870 is not interfered with) to allow accurate measurement of the undisturbed signal when another signal in another frequency band is interfered with. This can help improve positioning accuracy in the presence of interference by avoiding measurement of the interfered signal or using measurement of the interfered signal while measuring the undisturbed signal and using the measurement of the interfered signal.

[0135] Implementation Example

[0136] Examples of each implementation are provided in the following numbered clauses.

[0137] Clause 1. An apparatus comprising:

[0138] A receiver configured to wirelessly receive one or more signals;

[0139] Memory; and

[0140] A processor, communicatively coupled to the receiver and the memory, and configured to:

[0141] The desired signal is received via the receiver.

[0142] The receiver receives an unwanted signal whose intensity varies over time; and

[0143] Based on the determination that the unwanted signal is an interference signal by indicating interference from the changes in the unwanted signal, the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal shall be prohibited.

[0144] Clause 2. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:

[0145] Determine a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure for one or more first signals received via the receiver, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time;

[0146] A second value of the change measure is determined based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; and

[0147] The second value based on the change metric indicates that the change in the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change, thus determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal.

[0148] Clause 3. The apparatus of Clause 2, wherein the processor is further configured to: further determine that the unwanted signal is the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold.

[0149] Clause 4. The apparatus of Clause 3, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the signal strength threshold based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal.

[0150] Clause 5. The device as described in Clause 4, wherein:

[0151] The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold;

[0152] The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band;

[0153] The receiver is configured to receive a second signal via the receiver in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and

[0154] The processor is further configured to determine the first signal strength threshold based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

[0155] Clause 6. The apparatus of Clause 5, wherein the interfering signal is a first interfering signal in the first frequency band, and wherein the processor is further configured to determine the first signal strength threshold based on the difference between a second value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interfering signal in the second frequency band.

[0156] Clause 7. The apparatus of Clause 4, wherein the processor is further configured to: dynamically determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0157] Clause 8. The apparatus of Clause 7, wherein, in order to determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric, the processor is further configured to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0158] Clause 9. The apparatus of Clause 8, wherein the processor is further configured to: adjust the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure by a smaller amount than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure when one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, in order to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

[0159] Clause 10. The apparatus of Clause 7, wherein, in order to determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric, the processor is further configured to change a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric by a larger amount in the absence of out-of-band interference compared to the presence of the out-of-band interference, to determine an existing value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0160] Clause 11. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and the processor is further configured by the apparatus to enable the measurement of a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

[0161] Clause 12. A method for prohibiting the use of interfered signals, the method comprising:

[0162] The desired signal is received wirelessly at the receiver.

[0163] The receiver wirelessly receives an unwanted signal, the intensity of which varies over time; and

[0164] Based on the determination that the unwanted signal is an interference signal by indicating interference from the changes in the unwanted signal, the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal shall be prohibited.

[0165] Clause 13. The methods for prohibiting the use of interfered signals as described in Clause 12 further include:

[0166] Determine a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure for one or more first signals wirelessly received at the receiver, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time;

[0167] A second value of the change measure is determined based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; and

[0168] The second value based on the change metric indicates that the change in the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change, thus determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal.

[0169] Clause 14. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 13, wherein: determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal further based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold.

[0170] Clause 15. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfering signal as described in Clause 14 further comprises: determining the signal strength threshold based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interfering signal.

[0171] Clause 16. The method for prohibiting the use of interfered signals as described in Clause 15, wherein:

[0172] The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold;

[0173] The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band; and

[0174] The method for disabling the use of interfered signals further includes:

[0175] Receive the second signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and

[0176] The first signal strength threshold is further determined based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

[0177] Clause 17. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 16, wherein: the interfering signal is a first interfering signal in the first frequency band, and wherein determining the first signal strength threshold is further based on the difference between a second value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interfering signal in the second frequency band.

[0178] Clause 18. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 15 further includes: dynamically determining the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0179] Clause 19. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 18, wherein: determining the first expected value of the signal strength measure includes determining the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

[0180] Clause 20. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 19 further comprises: adjusting the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure by a smaller amount than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure when one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, in order to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

[0181] Clause 21. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 18, wherein: determining the first expected value of the signal strength metric comprises changing a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric in the absence of out-of-band interference by a larger amount than in the presence of the out-of-band interference to determine an existing value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0182] Clause 22. The method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal as described in Clause 12, wherein: the desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and the method for prohibiting the use of an interfered signal further comprises the receiver enabling the measurement of a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

[0183] Clause 23. An apparatus comprising:

[0184] A device for wirelessly receiving a desired signal;

[0185] A means for wirelessly receiving unwanted signals, the intensity of which varies over time; and

[0186] A means for prohibiting the measurement of a desired signal or the use of the measurement of a desired signal based on determining that the unwanted signal is an interference signal according to the indication of interference by the change of the unwanted signal.

[0187] Clause 24. The equipment as described in Clause 23 further includes:

[0188] Means for determining a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure of one or more first signals wirelessly received at the device, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time;

[0189] A means for determining a second value of a change measure based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; and

[0190] A means for determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal by indicating that the change of the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change based on the second value of the change metric.

[0191] Clause 25. The apparatus of Clause 24, wherein the means for determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal includes means for further determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold.

[0192] Clause 26. The apparatus of Clause 25 further includes: means for determining the signal strength threshold based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal.

[0193] Clause 27. Equipment as described in Clause 26, wherein:

[0194] The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold;

[0195] The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band; and

[0196] The device further includes:

[0197] A means for receiving a second signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and

[0198] A means for further determining the first signal strength threshold based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

[0199] Clause 28. The apparatus of Clause 27, wherein the interfering signal is a first interfering signal in the first frequency band, and wherein the means for determining the first signal strength threshold includes means for further determining the first signal strength threshold based on the difference between a second value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interfering signal in the second frequency band.

[0200] Clause 29. The apparatus of Clause 26 further includes: means for dynamically determining a first expected value of a signal strength metric.

[0201] Clause 30. The apparatus of Clause 29, wherein the means for determining the first expected value of the signal strength measure includes means for determining an existing value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

[0202] Clause 31. The apparatus of Clause 30 further includes: means for adjusting the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure by a smaller amount than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure when one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, in order to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

[0203] Clause 32. The apparatus of Clause 29, wherein the means for determining the first expected value of the signal strength metric includes means for changing a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric by a larger amount in the absence of out-of-band interference compared to the presence of the out-of-band interference, to determine an existing value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0204] Clause 33. The device of Clause 23, wherein the desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and the device further includes means for enabling by the device to measure a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

[0205] Clause 34. A non-transient processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions for instructing a processor of a device to perform the following operations:

[0206] Wirelessly receive the desired signal;

[0207] Wirelessly receive unwanted signals, the intensity of which varies over time; and

[0208] Based on the determination that the unwanted signal is an interference signal by indicating interference from the changes in the unwanted signal, the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal shall be prohibited.

[0209] Clause 35. The storage medium as described in Clause 34 further includes processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to perform the following operations:

[0210] Determine a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure of one or more first signals wirelessly received at the device, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time;

[0211] A second value of the change measure is determined based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; and

[0212] The second value based on the change metric indicates that the change in the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change, thus determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal.

[0213] Clause 36. The storage medium of Clause 35, wherein the processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to determine that the unwanted signal is the interference signal include processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to further determine that the unwanted signal is the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold.

[0214] Clause 37. The storage medium of Clause 36 further includes processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to determine the signal strength threshold based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal.

[0215] Clause 38. Storage media as described in Clause 37, wherein:

[0216] The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold;

[0217] The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band; and

[0218] The storage medium further includes processor-readable instructions for instructing the processor to perform the following operations:

[0219] Receive the second signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and

[0220] The first signal strength threshold is further determined based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

[0221] Clause 39. The storage medium of Clause 38, wherein the interference signal is a first interference signal in the first frequency band, and wherein the processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to determine the first signal strength threshold include processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to further determine the first signal strength threshold based on the difference between a second value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interference signal in the second frequency band.

[0222] Clause 40. The storage medium as described in Clause 37 further includes processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to dynamically determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0223] Clause 41. The storage medium of Clause 40, wherein the processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric include processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to: determine a current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0224] Clause 42. The storage medium of Clause 41 further includes processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to: adjust the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure by a smaller amount than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure when one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, in order to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

[0225] Clause 43. The storage medium of Clause 40, wherein the processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric include processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to: change a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric by a larger amount than the value in the presence of the out-of-band interference in the absence of out-of-band interference to determine an existing value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

[0226] Clause 44. The storage medium of Clause 34, wherein the desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and the storage medium further includes processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to perform the following operation: enabling the measurement of a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band by the means.

[0227] Other considerations

[0228] Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software and computers, the above-described functions can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that different parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0229] As used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “some,” and “the” also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and / or “containing” indicate the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0230] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, a description of a function or operation “based on” an item or condition means that the function or operation is based on the described item or condition and may be based on one or more items and / or conditions other than the described item or condition.

[0231] Similarly, as used herein, the "or" (possibly followed by "at least one of" or "one or more of") used in item enumeration indicates a disjunctive enumeration such that an enumeration of, for example, "at least one of A, B, or C," or an enumeration of "one or more of A, B, or C," or an enumeration of "A or B or C" represents A or B or C or AB (A and B) or AC (A and C) or BC (B and C) or ABC (i.e., A and B and C), or a combination having more than one feature (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc.). Thus, an item (e.g., a processor) is configured to perform a statement about a function of at least one of A or B, or an item is configured to perform a statement about function A or function B, meaning that the item can be configured to perform a function about A, or can be configured to perform a function about B, or can be configured to perform a function about A and B. For example, the phrase "the processor is configured to measure at least one of A or B" or "the processor is configured to measure A or measure B" means that the processor can be configured to measure A (and may or may not be configured to measure B), or can be configured to measure B (and may or may not be configured to measure A), or can be configured to measure both A and B (and may be configured to select which or both of A and B to measure). Similarly, a description of means for measuring at least one of A or B includes: means for measuring A (which may or may not measure B), or means for measuring B (and may or may not be configured to measure A), or means for measuring A and B (which may be able to select which or both of A and B to measure). As another example, a description of an item (e.g., a processor) being configured to perform at least one of function X or function Y indicates that the item can be configured to perform function X, or can be configured to perform function Y, or can be configured to perform both function X and function Y. For example, the phrase "the processor is configured to measure at least one of X or Y" means that the processor can be configured to measure X (and may or may not be configured to measure Y), or can be configured to measure Y (and may or may not be configured to measure X), or can be configured to measure both X and Y (and can be configured to select which or both of X and Y to measure).

[0232] Substantial modifications can be made to suit specific requirements. For example, custom hardware can be used, and / or specific elements can be implemented in the hardware, in processor-executed software (including portable software such as applets), or both. Furthermore, connections to other computing devices (such as network input / output devices) can be employed. Unless otherwise stated, the interconnected or communicating components (functionally or otherwise) shown in the figures and / or discussed herein are communicatively coupled. That is, they can be connected directly or indirectly to enable communication between them.

[0233] The systems and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may appropriately omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components. For example, features described with reference to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of a configuration may be combined in a similar manner. Furthermore, technology evolves, and thus many elements are examples and do not limit the scope of this disclosure or the claims.

[0234] A wireless communication system is a system in which communication is wirelessly transmitted between wireless communication devices (also called wireless communication equipment), that is, through the propagation of electromagnetic waves and / or sound waves through atmospheric space rather than through wires or other physical connections. A wireless communication system (also called a wireless communication system, wireless communication network, or wireless communication network) may not necessarily enable all communications to be transmitted wirelessly, but is configured to enable at least some communications to be transmitted wirelessly. Furthermore, the term "wireless communication equipment" or similar terms do not require that the equipment be functionally exclusive or even primarily used for communication, or that communication using the wireless communication equipment be exclusive or even primarily wireless, or that the equipment is a mobile device, but rather indicate that the equipment includes wireless communication capabilities (one-way or two-way), for example, including at least one radio (each radio being part of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver) for wireless communication.

[0235] Specific details are provided in this specification to provide a thorough understanding of the example configurations (including implementations). However, these configurations can be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring these configurations. This specification provides example configurations without limiting the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the preceding description of the configurations provides a description for implementing the described techniques. Various changes can be made to the function and arrangement of the elements.

[0236] As used herein, the terms “processor-readable medium,” “machine-readable medium,” and “computer-readable medium” refer to any medium that participates in providing data that enables a machine to operate in a particular manner. Using a computing platform, various processor-readable media may involve providing instructions / code to (such as) processors for execution, and / or being used to store and / or carry such instructions / code (e.g., as signals). In many implementations, processor-readable media are physical and / or tangible storage media. Such media can take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile and volatile media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical discs and / or magnetic disks. Volatile media include, but are not limited to, dynamic memory.

[0237] Having described several example configurations, various modifications, substitutions, constructs, and equivalents can be used. For example, the above elements can be components of a larger system, where other rules may take precedence over or otherwise modify the application of this disclosure. Furthermore, several operations may be performed before, during, or after considering the above elements. Accordingly, the above description does not limit the scope of the claims.

[0238] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "approximately" and / or "about" as used herein when referring to measurable values ​​(such as quantities, time durations, etc.) cover deviations of ±20% or ±10%, ±5%, or +0.1% from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein. Similarly, unless otherwise indicated, the term "substantially" as used herein when referring to measurable values ​​(such as quantities, time durations, physical properties (such as frequencies), etc.) also covers deviations of ±20% or ±10%, ±5%, or +0.1% from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein.

[0239] A statement whose value exceeds (or is greater than or higher than) a first threshold is equivalent to a statement whose value meets or exceeds a second threshold slightly greater than the first threshold. For example, in the parsing of a computational system, the second threshold is one value higher than the first threshold. A statement whose value is less than the first threshold (or within or below the first threshold) is equivalent to a statement whose value is less than or equal to a second threshold slightly lower than the first threshold. For example, in the parsing of a computational system, the second threshold is one value lower than the first threshold.

Claims

1. A device for disabling interfered signals, comprising: A receiver configured to wirelessly receive one or more signals; Memory; as well as A processor, communicatively coupled to the receiver and the memory, and configured to: The desired signal is received via the receiver. The receiver receives an unwanted signal whose intensity varies over time. Determine a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure for one or more unwanted signals received via the receiver, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time; The undesired signal is determined to be the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold, wherein the signal strength threshold is determined based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal, wherein the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric is dynamically determined based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric; as well as In response to determining that the unwanted signal is an interference signal, the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal is prohibited.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: A second value of the change measure is determined based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; and The second value based on the change metric indicates that the change in the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change, thus determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold; The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band; The receiver is configured to receive a second signal via the receiver in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and The processor is further configured to determine the first signal strength threshold based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the interference signal is a first interference signal in the first frequency band, and wherein the first signal strength threshold is determined based on the difference between the third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interference signal in the second frequency band.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: if one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, adjust the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure by an amount smaller than if the first value of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure is less than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to determine the first expected value of the signal strength metric, the processor is further configured to change a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric by a larger amount in the absence of out-of-band interference compared to the presence of the out-of-band interference, to determine an existing value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and the processor is further configured by the apparatus to enable the measurement of a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

8. A method for disabling interfered signals, the method comprising: The desired signal is received wirelessly at the receiver. Undesired signals are wirelessly received at the receiver, the intensity of which varies over time; A plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure for one or more unwanted signals wirelessly received at the receiver are determined, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time. The undesired signal is determined to be the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold, wherein the signal strength threshold is determined based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal, wherein the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric is dynamically determined based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric; as well as In response to determining that the unwanted signal is an interference signal, the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal is prohibited.

9. The method for disabling interfered signals as described in claim 8, further comprising: A second value of the change measure is determined based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; as well as The second value based on the change metric indicates that the change in the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change, thus determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal.

10. The method for disabling interfered signals as described in claim 8, wherein: The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold; The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band; and The method for disabling the use of interfered signals further includes: Receive the second signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; as well as The first signal strength threshold is further determined based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

11. The method for disabling interfered signals as described in claim 10, wherein: The interference signal is a first interference signal in the first frequency band, and the first signal strength threshold is further determined based on the difference between the third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interference signal in the second frequency band.

12. The method for disabling interfered signals as described in claim 8, further comprising: If one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure exceeds the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure is adjusted by a smaller amount than if this first value of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure is less than the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure, in order to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength measure.

13. The method for prohibiting the use of interfered signals as described in claim 8, wherein: Determining the first expected value of the signal strength metric includes changing a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric in the absence of out-of-band interference by a larger amount compared to the case where out-of-band interference is present, to determine the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric.

14. The method for disabling interfered signals as described in claim 8, wherein: The desired signal is a first desired signal at a first frequency in a first frequency band, and the method for prohibiting the use of the interfered signal further includes the receiver enabling the measurement of a second desired signal at a second frequency in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

15. A device for disabling interfered signals, comprising: A device for wirelessly receiving a desired signal; A device for wirelessly receiving unwanted signals, the intensity of which varies over time; Means for determining a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure of one or more unwanted signals wirelessly received at the device, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time; A means for determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold, wherein the signal strength threshold is determined based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal, wherein the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric is dynamically determined based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric; as well as A means for prohibiting the measurement of a desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal in response to determining that the undesired signal is an interference signal.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: A means for determining a second value of a change measure based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; as well as A means for determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal by indicating that the change of the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change based on the second value of the change metric.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein: The signal strength threshold is a first signal strength threshold; The desired signal has a first frequency in a first frequency band; and The device further includes: A means for receiving a second signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; and A means for further determining the first signal strength threshold based on a third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein the interference signal is a first interference signal in the first frequency band, and wherein the first signal strength threshold is determined based on the difference between the third value of the signal strength metric of the second signal and a second expected value of the signal strength metric of the second signal in the absence of a second interference signal in the second frequency band.

19. A non-transient processor-readable storage medium, comprising processor-readable instructions for disabling interference signals, used to instruct the processor of the device to perform the following operations: Wirelessly receive the desired signal; Wirelessly receive unwanted signals, the intensity of which varies over time; Determine a plurality of first values ​​of a signal strength measure for one or more unwanted signals wirelessly received at the device, each of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure corresponding to a different time. The undesired signal is determined to be the interference signal based on at least one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric exceeding a signal strength threshold, wherein the signal strength threshold is determined based on a first expected value of the signal strength metric of the desired signal in the absence of the interference signal, wherein the current value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric is dynamically determined based on a previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric and the difference between one of the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength metric and the previous value of the first expected value of the signal strength metric; as well as In response to determining that the unwanted signal is an interference signal, the measurement of the desired signal or the use of the measurement of the desired signal is prohibited.

20. The storage medium of claim 19, further comprising processor-readable instructions for causing the processor to perform the following operations: A second value of the change measure is determined based on the plurality of first values ​​of the signal strength measure; and The second value based on the change metric indicates that the change in the unwanted signal exceeds a threshold change, thus determining that the unwanted signal is the interference signal.

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