An artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir's variable backwater zone

Abstract

An artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir's fluctuating backwater zone includes a bank slope having a top and a bottom. A driving vehicle is disposed on the top of the slope, configured to move upstream and downstream along the top. A connecting plate is disposed on one side of the driving vehicle, the connecting plate being cantilevered, with its cantilever end extending horizontally above the bottom of the slope. Multiple vertical shafts are disposed at the cantilever end of the connecting plate, with the lower ends of the vertical shafts extending downward into the water body of the river channel. A matrix disk is disposed on each vertical shaft, each containing a matrix for fish spawning and reproduction. When the operating water level of the reservoir fluctuates, the length of the fluctuating backwater zone of the main tributaries of the reservoir area changes. Therefore, the driving vehicle can be used to move on the top of the slope, thereby driving the matrix disks in the river channel to move together, ensuring that the matrix disks are always located within the water body of the fluctuating backwater zone, providing a suitable spawning site for fish in the fluctuating backwater zone of the reservoir.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, and in particular to an artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir's fluctuating backwater zone. Background Art

[0002] The construction of hydropower projects has created a river habitat characterized by alternating deepwater reservoirs above the dams and reduced-flow river sections below them, altering the continuum of flowing water habitats typically found in natural rivers. When cascaded hydropower projects are built end-to-end on major rivers, the interconnected water levels of the deepwater reservoirs significantly compress the flowing water habitat. Native fish species that thrive in flowing water retreat to undeveloped tributaries, which then become important alternative habitats for native fish.

[0003] The fluctuating backwater zone of a reservoir is the river section between the perennial reservoir area and the tail of the reservoir. It exhibits unique "river-reservoir" dual-phase complex habitat characteristics. During high water levels, the water level in the fluctuating backwater zone rises and the flow is slow; during low water levels, the water level in the fluctuating backwater zone drops and the flow is fast. Overall, the fluctuating backwater zone exhibits complex habitat characteristics that transition from the flowing water habitat of a natural river to the slow-flowing habitat of an artificial lake or reservoir. In existing research, many scholars have proposed the functionality and practicality of fluctuating backwater zones as fish breeding habitats. For example, Li Chong et al. used hydraulic models to infer the location of spawning grounds for the four major carps within the fluctuating backwater area of ​​a reservoir ("Determination of Spawning Grounds for the Four Major Carps in the Three Gorges Reservoir Based on Hydraulic Models"). XIAO et al. used a two-dimensional hydrodynamic-sediment transport numerical model and a fish habitat suitability model to study the changes in the effective habitat area (WUA) of the four major carps in the fluctuating backwater area before and after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam. They proposed that reservoir operation and management should take into account spawning grounds in fluctuating backwater areas ("Study on the Spawning Habitat Suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps in the Fluctuating Backwater Area of ​​the Three Gorges Reservoir"). Li Fushuang et al. investigated the presence of spawning grounds for rare and endemic fish species, such as the schizothorax, in the fluctuating backwater zone of the Zipingpu Reservoir in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River ("Study on Ecological Schizothorax Targets for Reshaping the Spawning Habitat of Fish in the Fluctuating Backwater Area of ​​a Reservoir").

[0004] Undeveloped tributaries in reservoir areas are often suitable alternative habitats for local indigenous fish, and have many ecological functions such as short-distance migration connectivity, sol reproduction and avoidance. However, the water level in the reservoir's backwater zone fluctuates frequently and the flow patterns are diverse, which brings great difficulties to the creation of fish spawning grounds. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to propose an artificial fish spawning ground in the variable backwater zone of a reservoir, aiming to solve the technical problem of difficulty in establishing a fish spawning ground due to frequent water level changes and diverse water flow patterns in the variable backwater zone of the reservoir.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention proposes an artificial fish spawning ground in a variable backwater zone of a reservoir, comprising a bank slope having a top and a bottom; an active vehicle body is provided on the top of the slope, and the active vehicle body is used to move in an upstream and downstream direction on the top of the slope; a connecting plate is provided on one side of the active vehicle body, and the connecting plate is cantilevered, and its cantilever end extends horizontally to above the bottom of the slope; a plurality of vertical shafts are provided at the cantilever end of the connecting plate, and the lower ends of the vertical shafts extend downward into the river water body; a matrix disk is provided on each vertical shaft, and a matrix for fish spawning and reproduction is provided in the matrix disk.

[0007] Preferably, the upper ends of the vertical shafts are rotatably mounted on the connecting plate, and a plurality of first motors are provided on the top surface of the cantilever end of the connecting plate. The plurality of first motors are respectively connected to the plurality of vertical shafts for respectively driving the vertical shafts to rotate around their own axes.

[0008] Preferably, the vertical axis includes at least a first vertical axis, a second vertical axis and a third vertical axis; the matrix disk includes at least a bottom matrix disk, a middle matrix disk and a top matrix disk; the bottom matrix disk is arranged on the first vertical axis; the middle matrix disk is arranged on the second vertical axis; the top matrix disk is arranged on the third vertical axis; the bottom matrix disk, the middle matrix disk and the top matrix disk are arranged at different water level positions in sequence from bottom to top.

[0009] Preferably, the gravel substrate in the bottom substrate tray serves as the spawning substrate; the muddy sand and gravel substrate in the middle substrate tray serves as the spawning substrate; and the aquatic plants in the top substrate tray serve as the spawning substrate. In actual projects, the substrate conditions of the bottom, middle, and top substrate trays must be selected based on the ecological habits of the specific fish species to be protected in the river section.

[0010] Preferably, a bracket is provided on each vertical axis, and the matrix disk is mounted on the bracket; the bracket and the vertical axis form a triangular support structure; and a flow rate tester and a fish finder are provided on each matrix disk.

[0011] Preferably, guardrails are installed on both sides of the connecting plate.

[0012] Preferably, a first track is provided on the top of the slope; the active vehicle body runs on the first track; a second track is provided on the bottom of the slope, and the second track is parallel to the first track; a driven vehicle body is provided on the second track; the lower end of one of the vertical shafts extends downward and abuts against the driven vehicle body, and a rotational connection is formed between the lower end of the vertical shaft and the driven vehicle body, and the vertical shaft can rotate around its own axis.

[0013] Preferably, inclined shovel plates are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the driven vehicle body.

[0014] Preferably, the active vehicle body includes a frame plate and a driving wheel arranged at the bottom of the frame plate, and the driving wheel rolls on the first track; a second motor is installed on the frame plate, and the second motor is connected to the axle of the driving wheel through a speed change mechanism, and the connecting plate is welded to the frame plate.

[0015] Preferably, a support plate is provided on a side of the active vehicle body away from the connecting plate, and a counterweight is provided on the support plate.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) Create a high-quality utilization model for fish spawning grounds in the backwater fluctuation zone. In the present invention, when the operating water level of the reservoir changes, the length of the backwater fluctuation zone of the main tributaries of the reservoir area changes. The flow velocity distribution and fish clustering in the water body can be observed online with the help of a flow velocity tester and a fish finder, and the overall structure involved in the present invention can be dynamically adjusted accordingly. The active vehicle body is used to move on the top of the slope, thereby driving the matrix disk in the river channel to move together, so that the position of the matrix disk is always in the flowing water, quasi-flowing water and fish clustering water body in the backwater fluctuation zone, further improving the accuracy of the present invention in providing fish breeding conditions as a fish spawning ground, and enhancing the important ecological function of the artificial fish spawning ground.

[0018] (2) Innovate the systematic operation structure of fish spawning grounds in small water areas. The present invention sets matrix disks at different water levels and sets spawning and breeding matrices in a classified and layered manner, providing independent and customized breeding spaces for fish with protection value or economic value as much as possible, which is more in line with the actual needs of fish ecological habits. At the same time, different motors and different vertical axes are set for spawning and breeding matrix disks at different levels to drive the matrix disks to rotate around the axis of the vertical axis where they are located, and cooperate with the movement of the active vehicle body in the longitudinal direction of the river channel to accurately adjust the matrix disks to suitable water areas; when the upstream flow is large and the range of the main river channel suitable for fish habitats is extremely narrow, the matrix disks of each layer can be uniformly rotated to the slow-flow side facing the bank slope, so that the spawning and breeding matrix can be temporarily stored on the slow-flow side to ensure its structural safety.

[0019] (3) Create a spawning ground operation method that is coordinated with the backwater fluctuations of the reservoir tributaries. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir backwater fluctuation zone provided by the present invention is designed with two embodiments. In the first embodiment, the active vehicle body is started, driving the connecting plate, i.e., the driven vehicle body, to move in the upstream and downstream directions of the river; in the second embodiment, the second track and the driven vehicle body are eliminated, and the overturning torque is balanced by the counterweight block, and the vertical axis and the matrix plate are driven to move in the upstream and downstream directions of the river through the active vehicle body. The artificial spawning ground operation method in the two embodiments described in this patent can coordinate and adapt to the changes in the backwater fluctuation zone of the reservoir, and is particularly suitable for tributary waters with a shorter backwater fluctuation zone, creating an innovative concept of an important habitat structure for fish in the backwater fluctuation zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir's variable backwater zone provided in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 A bird's-eye view of the artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir's variable backwater zone provided in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 4 A bird's-eye view of the artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir's variable backwater zone provided in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic end view of the three-layer matrix disk cross-arranged in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the end face of the three-layer matrix disk when arranged near the shore in Example 1

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cross-arranged three-layer matrix disk in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir's fluctuating backwater zone provided in Example 2;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 8Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0030] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1. Top of the slope; 2. Bank slope; 3. Active vehicle body; 31. Active wheel; 32. First track; 33. Frame plate; 34. Second motor; 35. Connecting plate; 36. Guardrail; 4. Driven vehicle body; 41. Driven wheel; 43. Shovel plate; 44. Second track; 51. Bottom matrix disk; 52. Middle matrix disk; 53. Top matrix disk; 54. First vertical axis; 55. Second vertical axis; 56. Third vertical axis; 510. Bracket; 6. Bottom of the slope; 7. First motor; 8. Counterweight; 81. Support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0033] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] Combine Figures 1 to 7FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an artificial fish spawning site in a reservoir with a fluctuating backwater zone provided by the present invention. The artificial fish spawning site in a reservoir with a fluctuating backwater zone comprises a bank slope 2 having a top 1 and a bottom 6. A driving vehicle 3 is disposed on the top 1 and is configured to move in an upstream and downstream direction on the top 1. A connecting plate 35 is disposed on one side of the driving vehicle 3. The connecting plate 35 is cantilevered, with its cantilever end extending horizontally above the bottom 6. Multiple vertical shafts are disposed at the cantilever end of the connecting plate 35, with the lower ends of the vertical shafts extending downward into the water body of the river channel. A matrix disk is disposed on each vertical shaft, and a matrix for fish spawning and reproduction is disposed within the matrix disk. When the operating water level of the reservoir fluctuates, the length of the fluctuating backwater zone of the main tributaries of the reservoir area changes. Therefore, the driving vehicle 3 can be used to move on the top 1, thereby driving the matrix disks in the river channel to move together, so that the matrix disks are always located in the water body of the fluctuating backwater zone.

[0036] In the present embodiment, the upper end of described vertical shaft is all rotationally mounted on the described connecting plate 35, is provided with a plurality of first motors 7 on the end surface of described connecting plate 35 cantilever ends, a plurality of first motors 7 are connected with a plurality of vertical shafts respectively, are used for driving the vertical shaft to rotate around its own axis respectively.Can drive the vertical shaft to rotate around its own axis by arranging the first motor 7, and then can drive the matrix dish on the vertical shaft to rotate, so that the position of adjustment matrix dish.To a certain extent, matrix dish can be adjusted in the zone of fish colony, increase the flexibility that matrix dish adapts to fish colony gathering area and flow velocity suitable region spatially, strengthen the success rate of fish colony spawning and breeding.In addition, when the scope that upstream comes to flow is larger, main river channel suitable fish inhabits is extremely narrow, each layer of matrix dish can be uniformly rotated to the slow-flow side towards the bank slope, make the spawning and breeding matrix be able to temporary storage and safekeeping at the slow-flow side, guarantee its structural safety.

[0037] The vertical axis includes a first vertical axis 54, a second vertical axis 55 and a third vertical axis 56; the matrix disk includes a bottom matrix disk 51, a middle matrix disk 52 and a top matrix disk 53; the bottom matrix disk 51 is arranged on the first vertical axis 54; the middle matrix disk 52 is arranged on the second vertical axis 55; the top matrix disk 53 is arranged on the third vertical axis 56; the bottom matrix disk 51, the middle matrix disk 52 and the top matrix disk 53 are arranged at different water level positions from bottom to top. By arranging the matrix disks at different water level heights, spawning matrices can be provided for fish at different water level heights. Specifically, different spawning matrices are arranged in the matrix disks at different elevations, as follows:

[0038] The gravel substrate provided in the bottom matrix plate 51 serves as a spawning matrix, mainly providing spawning conditions for schizothoraxes with conservation value such as the bluestone catfish and the yellowstone catfish, as well as schizothoraxes with conservation value such as the smooth-mouthed schizothorax and the heavy-mouthed schizothorax.

[0039] The middle matrix plate 52 is provided with muddy sand and gravel bottom as spawning matrix, which mainly provides spawning conditions for economic fish such as yellow catfish, spotted catfish, and clubfish that like to dig mud and build nests at the bottom of mud and sand.

[0040] Aquatic plants are provided in the top substrate tray 53 as spawning substrates. Aquatic plant species such as Vallisneria, Ceratophyllum, and Hydrilla are mainly used to provide bottom conditions for economic fish such as carp, crucian carp, catfish, and snapper that like to spawn and reproduce on sticky grass substrates.

[0041] In actual projects, the corresponding bottom conditions in the bottom, middle and top layers of the matrix must be flexibly selected according to the ecological habits of the specific fish to be protected in the river section.

[0042] Combine Figures 5 to 7 Shown, on each vertical axis, be provided with support 510, described matrix dish is installed on support 510; Support 510 and vertical axis constitute triangular support structure.Because triangular support possesses good stability, therefore by utilizing the triangular support structure that support 510 forms, can play the effect of stable support described matrix dish.On each matrix dish, be provided with flow velocity tester and fish finder (not shown), be respectively used for detecting flow velocity distribution and the fish colony situation of matrix dish residing waters.

[0043] Guardrails 36 are installed on both sides of the connecting plate 35. The connecting plate 35 and the guardrails 36 together constitute a walking passage for the operator, which can be used for the operator to perform inspection operations on it, and the guardrails 36 play a protective role.

[0044] In the present embodiment, a first track 32 is provided on the top of the slope 1; the active vehicle body 3 runs on the first track 32; a second track 44 is provided on the bottom of the slope 6, and the second track 44 is parallel to the first track 32; a driven vehicle body 4 is provided on the second track 44; the lower end of one of the vertical shafts extends downward and abuts against the driven vehicle body 4, and a rotation connection is formed between the lower end of the vertical shaft and the driven vehicle body 4, and the vertical shaft can rotate around its own axis. Because the connecting plate 35 is cantilevered, the self-weight of the vertical shaft, the matrix disk, the first motor 7 and other components will form a turning moment to the active vehicle body 3. Therefore, in order to balance this moment, by utilizing the lower end of one of the vertical shafts to extend downward and abut against the driven vehicle body 4, a supporting role is played to balance the turning moment. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the lower end of the first vertical shaft 54 ​​extends downward and abuts against the driven vehicle body 4.

[0045] Furthermore, inclined shovels 43 are provided at the front and rear ends of the driven vehicle body 4. The driven vehicle body 4 includes driven wheels 41 configured to roll on a second track 44. The shovels 43 remove debris and sediment carried by upstream flow into the second track 44 and its surroundings, ensuring smooth operation of the driven vehicle body 4.

[0046] Combine Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the active vehicle body 3 includes a frame plate 33 and a driving wheel 31 disposed at the bottom of the frame plate 33. The driving wheel 31 is configured to roll on the first track 32. A second motor 34 is mounted on the frame plate 33 and connected to the axle of the driving wheel 31 via a speed change mechanism. The second motor 34 drives the driving wheel 31 to rotate, thereby driving the entire active vehicle body 3 on the first track 32. The frame plate 33 and the connecting plate 35 can be made of steel plates of the same material and width and welded together. The entire active vehicle body 3 has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first vertical axis 54 , the second vertical axis 55 , the third vertical axis 56 , the bottom matrix disk 51 , the middle matrix disk 52 , and the top matrix disk 53 together constitute a matrix system.

[0048] By adopting the above structure, the specific operation includes the following process:

[0049] S1, active vehicle body 3 starts running:

[0050] When the reservoir's operating water level fluctuates, the length of the backwater fluctuation zone of the reservoir's main tributaries changes. Adjusting the location of the artificial fish spawning grounds ensures they are within the diverse aquatic environment of this backwater fluctuation zone. First, the active vehicle 3 is activated, and the second motor 34 is turned on to drive the active vehicle 3 along the first track 32. The connecting plate 35 moves accordingly with the active vehicle 3, thereby driving the vertical shaft and the matrix disk on the vertical shaft.

[0051] S2, driven vehicle body 4 movement:

[0052] The first vertical axis 54, the second vertical axis 55 and the third vertical axis 56 in the matrix system begin to move driven by the active connecting plate. Correspondingly, the driven vehicle body 4 moves along the second track 44 driven by the first vertical axis 54. The shovel plate 43 can remove debris and mud carried by the upstream flow into the track and its surroundings to ensure the smooth operation of the driven vehicle body 4.

[0053] S3, matrix system rotation:

[0054] By utilizing the flow velocity tester and the fish finder on the matrix disk, be respectively used for detecting the flow velocity distribution and the fish colony situation in the matrix disk residing waters, when a certain class fish colony is biased towards a certain waters in the river channel, the fish finder can detect the fish colony situation, drive the first vertical axis 54, the second vertical axis 55 or the 3rd vertical axis 56 to rotate by the corresponding first motor 7, drive the matrix disk of corresponding level to rotate, and cooperate the motion of active vehicle body 3, to a certain extent, the matrix disk can be adjusted to the zone of fish colony, strengthen the success rate of fish colony spawning and reproduction. Flow meter can measure the water body flow velocity distribution in corresponding waters, further verifies that fish like flow velocity parameter, adapts to the adjustment operation process of reservoir water level variation with the guidance of artificial fish spawning ground.

[0055] When the upstream flow is large, the flow meter detects that the water flow environment suitable for fish to migrate, inhabit and reproduce does not exist, and the matrix disks of each layer can be uniformly rotated to face the slow flow side of the bank slope. Figure 6 As shown, the three-layer substrate tray is arranged near the bank, so that the spawning and breeding substrate can be temporarily stored on the slow-flow side to ensure its structural safety.

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] Combine Figure 8 and Figure 9 The present invention provides a structural diagram of a second embodiment of an artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir variable backwater zone. Based on the first embodiment, the second track 44 and the driven vehicle body 4 are covered by debris and silt, which causes the driven vehicle body 4 to move poorly. Therefore, the second track 44 and the driven vehicle body 4 are removed in the second embodiment. Since the connecting plate 35 is cantilevered, the self-weight of the vertical axis, matrix disk, first motor 7 and other components will form a turning moment on the active vehicle body 3. Therefore, in order to balance this moment, in the second embodiment, a support plate 81 is provided on the active vehicle body 3 away from the connecting plate 35. A counterweight 8 is provided on the support plate 81 to balance the turning moment. The vertical axis in the present embodiment is an electric telescopic rod structure. In actual application, the height of its bottom end can be adjusted at any time according to the change of the elevation of the slope bottom 6 along the route to ensure that the vertical axis does not touch the slope bottom 6. The remaining structure is the same as the first embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial fish spawning ground in a reservoir's fluctuating backwater zone, comprising a bank slope (2), the bank slope (2) having a slope top (1) and a slope bottom (6); characterized in that: An active vehicle body (3) is provided on the slope top (1), and the active vehicle body (3) is used to move along the upstream and downstream directions on the slope top (1); A connecting plate (35) is provided on one side of the active vehicle body (3), and the connecting plate (35) is cantilevered, with its cantilever end extending horizontally to above the slope bottom (6); A plurality of vertical shafts are provided at the cantilever end of the connecting plate (35), and the lower ends of the vertical shafts extend downward into the water body of the river; a matrix disk is provided on each vertical shaft, and a matrix for fish spawning and reproduction is provided in the matrix disk; The upper ends of the vertical shafts are rotatably mounted on the connecting plate (35), and a plurality of first motors (7) are provided on the top surface of the cantilever end of the connecting plate (35). The plurality of first motors (7) are respectively connected to the plurality of vertical shafts and are used to respectively drive the vertical shafts to rotate around their own axes. A first track (32) is provided on the top of the slope (1); the active vehicle body (3) runs on the first track (32); a second track (44) is provided on the bottom of the slope (6), and the second track (44) and the first track (32) are parallel to each other; a driven vehicle body (4) is provided on the second track (44); the lower end of one of the vertical shafts extends downward and abuts against the driven vehicle body (4), and a rotational connection is formed between the lower end of the vertical shaft and the driven vehicle body (4), and the vertical shaft can rotate around its own axis.

2. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir variable backwater zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical axis at least includes a first vertical axis (54), a second vertical axis (55) and a third vertical axis (56); the matrix disk at least includes a bottom matrix disk (51), a middle matrix disk (52) and a top matrix disk (53); A bottom matrix disk (51) is arranged on the first vertical axis (54); a middle matrix disk (52) is arranged on the second vertical axis (55); and a top matrix disk (53) is arranged on the third vertical axis (56); The bottom matrix disc (51), the middle matrix disc (52), and the top matrix disc (53) are sequentially arranged at different water level elevations from bottom to top.

3. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir variable backwater zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gravel substrate provided in the bottom substrate tray (51) serves as an spawning substrate; A muddy sandstone substrate is provided in the middle substrate disk (52) as an spawning substrate; Aquatic plants are arranged in the top substrate tray (53) as an spawning substrate.

4. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir variable backwater zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bracket (510) is provided on each vertical axis, and the matrix disc is mounted on the bracket (510); the bracket (510) and the vertical axis form a triangular support structure; and a flow rate tester and a fish finder are provided on each matrix disc.

5. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir variable backwater zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guardrails (36) are installed on both sides of the connecting plate (35).

6. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir variable backwater zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: Inclined shovel plates (43) are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the driven vehicle body (4).

7. The artificial fish spawning ground in the reservoir's fluctuating backwater zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active vehicle body (3) comprises a frame plate (33) and a driving wheel (31) arranged at the bottom of the frame plate (33), wherein the driving wheel (31) rolls on the first track (32); a second motor (34) is mounted on the frame plate (33), and the second motor (34) is connected to the axle of the driving wheel (31) via a speed change mechanism; and the connecting plate (35) is welded to the frame plate (33).

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