Experimental device and testing method for hydrogen leakage and explosion law of hydrogen storage well

Abstract

The application discloses an experimental device for hydrogen leakage combustion and explosion law of a hydrogen storage well; the experimental device comprises a transparent box body, a hydrogen storage tank arranged in the transparent box body and used for simulating the hydrogen storage well, at least one leakage port of the hydrogen storage tank, simulated strata filled with filling materials between a side wall of the transparent box body and the hydrogen storage tank and used for simulating the strata, wherein the filling materials are transparent filling materials, a cover plate for sealing the hydrogen storage tank and the simulated strata in the transparent box body, a plurality of igniters distributed in the simulated strata, and an information acquisition mechanism for acquiring changes of environments in the transparent box body before and after the igniters. The application also provides a test method for hydrogen leakage combustion and explosion law of the hydrogen storage well. The application fills the blank of the test of combustion and explosion behaviors caused by hydrogen leakage under stratum conditions in the prior art, and provides effective data support for safety prevention measures of the hydrogen storage well.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy technology, specifically to a testing device and method for the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen storage wells. Background Technology

[0002] The healthy development and efficient utilization of the hydrogen energy industry hinges on the safe storage and transportation of hydrogen. However, each link in the hydrogen energy "production-storage-transportation-use" industrial chain is often accompanied by risks such as flammability, explosiveness, high pressure, low temperature, and hydrogen embrittlement. The contradiction between the strategic need for the safe and rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry and the weak foundation of hydrogen energy safety technology has become the main bottleneck facing the hydrogen energy industry. Hydrogen storage wells are widely used worldwide as important hydrogen storage devices, but research on safety precautions (leakage and diffusion) for hydrogen storage wells is limited. Most studies focus on the safety precautions (leakage and diffusion) of hydrogen storage tanks [He Jing, Liu Hongbo, Wei Lie, et al. Research on leakage of vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinders and ventilation methods in garages [J]. China Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(09): 181-188], hydrogen batteries [Yuan Yupeng, Cui Weiyi, Shen Hui, et al. Numerical simulation of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in fuel cell ship cabins [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(04): 196-209.], hydrogen pipelines [Zhang Wenkang, Zhao Guanghui, Zhang Jie. Analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion behavior and influencing factors in high-pressure pipelines [J]. Petrochemical Corrosion and Protection, 2022, 39(06): 7-13], and hydrogen refueling station equipment [Zou Wanying. Analysis of high-pressure hydrogen leakage accidents and domino effects at hydrogen refueling stations [D]. South China University of Technology, 2022.]. Because hydrogen leakage from hydrogen storage wells differs significantly from other devices such as hydrogen storage tanks, the leaked hydrogen enters the formation pores (a pressurized, enclosed space) under pressure drop control, exhibiting a leakage pattern completely different from other storage and transportation devices. Different leakage patterns result in different combustion and explosion behaviors of hydrogen concentrations under porous media conditions. Existing combustion and explosion testing devices are mostly used in enclosed spaces such as rectangular transparent pipes or cylindrical steel structures for combustion and explosion testing [Zhang Su, Wang Jingui, Guo Jin, et al. Development and teaching application of gas non-uniform combustion and explosion experimental device [J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 20, 37(09): 187-190, 199; Huo Yujiang. Design of explosion characteristic testing device for dynamic combustible gases [D]. North China University, 2018]. None of these devices consider the influence of porous media properties on hydrogen combustion and explosion, thus their explosion characteristics differ significantly from those observed in actual hydrogen combustion and explosion processes, making them difficult to apply practically. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a testing device and method for the combustion and explosion behavior of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen storage wells. This experimental device fills the gap in the existing technology for testing the combustion and explosion behavior caused by hydrogen leakage under formation conditions, and provides effective data support for safety prevention measures for hydrogen storage wells.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: Firstly, this invention provides an experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen storage wells, comprising:

[0005] A transparent box with an opening at the top;

[0006] A hydrogen storage tank is installed inside the transparent enclosure to simulate a hydrogen storage well; the hydrogen storage tank is provided with at least one leak outlet;

[0007] A simulated geological formation is formed between the sidewall of the transparent box and the hydrogen storage tank by filling a material to simulate a geological formation; wherein the filling material is a transparent filling material.

[0008] A cover plate is installed on the surface of the simulated formation to seal the hydrogen storage tank and the simulated formation inside the transparent box.

[0009] Multiple igniters are distributed within the simulated formation; and

[0010] An information collection mechanism is used to collect information on the environmental changes inside the transparent enclosure before and after the igniter.

[0011] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the information acquisition mechanism includes a pressure sensor for acquiring pressure changes inside the transparent box and a temperature sensor for acquiring temperature changes inside the transparent box.

[0012] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, multiple pressure sensors are provided, respectively arranged at different positions within the transparent housing; and / or

[0013] Multiple temperature sensors are provided and are respectively arranged in different positions inside the transparent box.

[0014] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the information acquisition mechanism further includes multiple gas concentration sensors for detecting the hydrogen concentration inside the transparent box, and the gas concentration sensors are respectively arranged at different positions inside the transparent box.

[0015] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage tank is arranged near an inner wall A of the transparent enclosure; a plurality of igniters are arranged sequentially and evenly from the inner wall A to the inner wall B of the transparent enclosure; the inner wall B is arranged correspondingly to the inner wall A.

[0016] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the information acquisition mechanism further includes an image acquisition device for acquiring the state of the igniter inside the transparent box after it is turned on.

[0017] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, a controller is also included, which is communicatively connected to the information collection mechanism and is used to acquire and process the data collected by the information collection mechanism.

[0018] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the transparent filling material includes glass microspheres with an average particle size of 1 to 50 μm and glass macrospheres with an average particle size of 100 to 5000 μm; and the transparent filling material is not compacted when filling the transparent box.

[0019] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage tank is provided with multiple vents, and each vent is equipped with a pressure relief valve.

[0020] Secondly, this application also provides a test method for simulating hydrogen leakage and diffusion in hydrogen storage wells, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: Provide the experimental apparatus described in the first aspect;

[0022] S2: Perform a sealing test on the experimental device to ensure that the sealing performance of the experimental device meets the sealing requirements;

[0023] S3: Inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank of the experimental device to cause hydrogen leakage; collect hydrogen concentration data at various locations in the simulated formation;

[0024] S4: Turn on the igniter to cause the leaked hydrogen to ignite and explode, and collect the temperature, pressure, flame shape, and flame explosion state in the simulated formation.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention provides an experimental apparatus and testing method for studying the combustion and explosion patterns of hydrogen leaks in hydrogen storage wells. The apparatus uses a transparent box as the experimental device, a vertical long-column hydrogen storage tank to simulate the hydrogen storage well, and transparent filling material within the transparent box to simulate the formation sand and soil. This allows for direct observation of the flame shape and combustion state during hydrogen combustion and its impact on the formation sand and soil. Simultaneously, sensors are installed within the transparent box to detect temperature and pressure changes, facilitating real-time data collection of temperature and pressure changes in the simulated formation before and after hydrogen leaks and combustion. This data presents the changes in the simulated formation before and after hydrogen leaks and combustion in a quantifiable form, providing valuable information for personnel to assess the situation in the formation and offering effective simulation data support for safety prevention measures in hydrogen storage wells. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in a hydrogen storage well, as provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the compaction device used to compact the simulated formation during the assembly of the experimental apparatus for the hydrogen leakage and combustion law of hydrogen storage wells provided in this application.

[0029] Among them, 10-transparent box, 11-side wall A, 12-side wall B, 20-hydrogen storage tank, 21-leaking port, 22-pressure relief valve, 30-simulated formation, 40-covering plate, 51-temperature sensor; 52-gas concentration sensor, 53-pressure sensor; 54-image acquisition device, 55-igniter, 61-sliding base plate, 62-moving pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0032] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in the specification of this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0033] This application provides an experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen storage wells, as described in the present invention. Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,include:

[0034] A transparent box 10, with an opening at the top;

[0035] A hydrogen storage tank 20 is installed inside the transparent enclosure 10 to simulate a hydrogen storage well; the hydrogen storage tank 20 is provided with at least one leak outlet;

[0036] The simulated formation 30 is formed between the sidewall of the transparent box 10 and the hydrogen storage tank 20 by filling with a filling material to simulate the formation 30; wherein, the filling material is a transparent filling material;

[0037] A cover plate 40 is disposed on the surface of the simulated formation 30 to seal the hydrogen storage tank 20 and the simulated formation 30 inside the transparent box 10.

[0038] Multiple igniters 55 are distributed within the simulated formation 30 for detecting elements within the simulated formation 30; and

[0039] An information collection mechanism is used to collect information on the environmental changes inside the transparent housing 10 before and after the igniter 55.

[0040] The transparent box 10 is a hollow box structure with an opening at the top, which is sealed by a cover plate 40. At least the side walls of the transparent box 10 are made of a transparent material, such as explosion-proof and heat-resistant glass, to facilitate observation of changes within the box during experiments and to allow the data acquisition unit to collect relevant environmental data. The hollow cavity inside the transparent box 10 houses the hydrogen storage tank 20 and the filling material. The filling material is also made of a transparent material, such as a transparent glass sphere, to facilitate direct observation of changes within the box during experiments.

[0041] In some embodiments, to better simulate formation 30, the filling material includes transparent glass spheres of different particle sizes. For example, it can be a mixture of glass spheres with a larger average particle size and glass spheres with a smaller average particle size. Exemplarily, the transparent filling material includes small glass spheres with an average particle size of 1–50 μm and large glass spheres with an average particle size of 100–5000 μm. More preferably, the filling material can be a mixture of large glass spheres with a larger average particle size, small glass spheres with a smaller average particle size, and medium glass spheres with an average particle size in between. For example, the transparent filling material includes small glass spheres with an average particle size of 1–50 μm, medium glass spheres with an average particle size of 100–300 μm, and large glass spheres with an average particle size of 500–2000 μm. The mass fractions of the large, medium, and small glass spheres can be 5–15 parts, 60–80 parts, and 5–15 parts, respectively.

[0042] In some embodiments, the cover plate 40 is preferably made of steel or reinforced steel, which allows it to resist temperature and pressure changes inside the transparent enclosure 10 during combustion and explosion, making it less susceptible to damage. In some embodiments, the cover plate 40 is provided with multiple through holes for installing temperature sensors 51, allowing the temperature sensors 51 to penetrate into the transparent enclosure 10 and collect temperature changes inside the transparent enclosure 10. It should be noted that the cover plate 40 is sealed to the transparent enclosure 10, and the sealing method can be conventional, such as providing an elastic sealing layer on the inner surface of the transparent enclosure 10, or providing an elastic sealing strip on the inner surface of the transparent enclosure 10 corresponding to the cover plate 40, to fill the gap between the transparent enclosure 10 and the cover plate 40, thereby achieving a sealing effect. This avoids the possibility that gaps between the cover plate 40 and the interior of the transparent enclosure 10 might affect the diffusion of hydrogen and temperature and pressure changes, leading to differences between the simulated hydrogen combustion and explosion and the actual hydrogen combustion and explosion in the formation.

[0043] It should also be noted that the transparent filling material used in the simulated formation 30 formed by the transparent filling material in this application can be configured according to the actual situation of the formation to be simulated. For example, if the porosity and permeability of the simulated formation are as high as possible, the simulated formation 30 can be configured with the same or similar sand and gravel to form a simulated formation 30 with similar porosity and permeability, so as to make the physical parameters of the simulated formation 30 as close as possible to the actual formation and improve the effectiveness of the simulation results.

[0044] It should be noted that the lower part of the hydrogen storage tank 20 is provided with a leak port 21 for simulating hydrogen leakage. In some embodiments, the leak port 21 can be one or more, to simulate single-point or multi-point leakage.

[0045] It should also be noted that the hydrogen storage tank 20 is arranged near one inner wall A11 of the transparent enclosure 10; multiple igniters 55 are evenly arranged sequentially from the inner wall A11 to the inner wall B12 of the transparent enclosure 10; the inner wall B12 is correspondingly arranged to the inner wall A11. The hydrogen diffusion direction of the hydrogen storage tank 20 is towards the simulated formation 30, which facilitates the installation of igniters 55 in a larger area to measure the impact of hydrogen combustion at different distances from the hydrogen storage tank 20, so as to simulate the impact of hydrogen combustion at different locations on the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage well. More preferably, the hydrogen storage tank 20 is not only near one side wall of the transparent enclosure 10, but also located at the angle between two adjacent side walls of the square transparent enclosure 10. The vent 21 is located at the lower part of the transparent enclosure 10, and multiple igniters 55 are arranged sequentially along the diagonal of the transparent enclosure 10 to simulate the impact of hydrogen combustion at different locations on the hydrogen storage well.

[0046] In some embodiments, the transparent box 10 can be a cubic structure such as a cube, cuboid, hexagonal prism, or cylinder.

[0047] Furthermore, the leak port 21 is equipped with a pressure relief valve 22. The pressure relief valve 22 can automatically open and close according to the system's working pressure. When the pressure inside the equipment or pipeline exceeds the set pressure of the pressure relief valve 22, it will automatically open to release pressure. Therefore, in this application, the pressure relief valve 22 is used as the control valve to control hydrogen leakage from the hydrogen storage tank 20. This can ensure hydrogen leakage at a preset pressure without manual operation, and the simulated situation is similar to the hydrogen leakage situation during actual hydrogen storage well production and use. When there are multiple leak ports 21, there are also multiple pressure relief valves 22 corresponding to the leak ports 21.

[0048] It should be noted that the information acquisition mechanism includes a pressure sensor 53 for collecting pressure changes inside the transparent enclosure 10 and a temperature sensor 51 for collecting temperature changes inside the transparent enclosure 10; it also includes multiple gas concentration sensors 52 for detecting the hydrogen concentration inside the transparent enclosure 10. The gas concentration sensors 52 are respectively deployed at different locations inside the transparent enclosure 10, so that the hydrogen leaking from the vent 21 undergoes a certain diffusion behavior in the formation before being detected by the gas concentration sensors 52. This is beneficial for studying the correlation between hydrogen diffusion in the formation and hydrogen combustion. One or multiple pressure sensors 53 can be used. When only one pressure sensor 53 is used, it is positioned near the hydrogen storage tank 20 to facilitate observation of the pressure impact of hydrogen combustion on the hydrogen storage tank 20 during the experiment. When multiple pressure sensors 53 are used, they are respectively deployed at different locations inside the transparent enclosure 10 to observe the pressure impact of hydrogen combustion on various locations in the formation, which is beneficial for studying the diffusion of the impact generated by the hydrogen combustion in the formation. The pressure sensors 53 can be arranged on the bottom surface of the transparent enclosure 10 or uniformly distributed in three dimensions within the simulated formation 30. It should be noted that a certain distance exists between the pressure sensors 53 and the igniter 55 to prevent direct damage to the pressure sensors 53 due to hydrogen combustion, which would make it difficult to obtain pressure data. One or multiple temperature sensors 51 can be used. When only one temperature sensor 51 is used, it is positioned near the hydrogen storage tank 20 or on the cover plate 40, facilitating observation of the effect of hydrogen combustion on the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 20 or the relationship between hydrogen combustion and the temperature of the formation surface. When multiple temperature sensors 51 are used, they are arranged at different locations within the transparent enclosure 10 to observe the effect of hydrogen combustion on the temperature of various locations in the formation, which is beneficial for studying the conduction of heat generated by hydrogen combustion in the formation. The multiple temperature sensors 51 can be arranged on the bottom surface of the transparent housing 10, evenly distributed on the lower surface of the cover plate 40 (the upper surface of the simulated stratum 30), or evenly distributed in three dimensions within the simulated stratum 30. It should be noted that a certain distance exists between the temperature sensors 51 and the igniter 55 to prevent direct damage to the temperature sensors 51 due to hydrogen combustion explosion, which would make it difficult to obtain temperature data.

[0049] It should be noted that multiple sensors are distributed in the simulated formation 30 around the hydrogen storage tank 20, and are arranged in a three-dimensional, multi-point distribution. The spacing between them and the hydrogen storage tank 20 is not exactly the same. They are used to detect the changes in hydrogen concentration, temperature and pressure at different locations in the simulated formation 30 before and after hydrogen leakage and hydrogen explosion. This can form a three-dimensional distribution data map of hydrogen leakage diffusion and hydrogen explosion, so as to better simulate and analyze the hydrogen leakage diffusion and hydrogen explosion in the actual hydrogen storage well environment, and provide more effective data support for the safety prevention of hydrogen storage wells.

[0050] In some embodiments, the information acquisition mechanism further includes an image acquisition device 54, used to acquire visual images of the state of the igniter 55 inside the transparent enclosure 10 after it is turned on, such as the shape of the hydrogen combustion flame and the state of the flame combustion. The image acquisition device 54 can be a high-speed camera or an ultra-high-speed camera, because hydrogen combustion usually occurs very quickly, and using a high-speed or ultra-high-speed camera can capture images of the instantaneous hydrogen combustion and the changing process, facilitating intuitive observation of the hydrogen combustion process or state.

[0051] In some embodiments, the experimental apparatus further includes a controller, which is communicatively connected to multiple sensors for acquiring and processing data detected by multiple temperature sensors 51, pressure sensors 53, and gas concentration sensors 52, as well as images acquired by an image acquisition unit 54. The controller is a commercially available control device capable of acquiring and processing information detected by any of the sensors and images acquired by the image acquisition unit 54. Preferably, the controller further includes a display screen for displaying the data acquired and processed by the controller from the sensors and the images acquired by the image acquisition unit 54, such as a computer and its display screen capable of data acquisition, image acquisition, data processing, and image processing.

[0052] In some embodiments, a movable caster 62 is also provided below the transparent box 10 to facilitate moving the transparent box 10 to the experimental position. The movable caster 62 can be directly installed on the bottom surface of the transparent box 10, or it can be installed below the transparent box 10 via a sliding base plate 61 for supporting the transparent box 10. That is, the sliding base plate 61 is installed below the transparent box 10 to support it, and the movable caster 62 is installed on the bottom surface of the sliding base plate 61. By moving the sliding base plate 61, the transparent box 10 can be moved.

[0053] Secondly, this application also provides a test method for simulating hydrogen leakage and diffusion in hydrogen storage wells, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1: Provide the experimental apparatus described in the first aspect;

[0055] S2: Perform a sealing test on the experimental device to ensure that the sealing performance of the experimental device meets the sealing requirements;

[0056] S3: Inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank 20 of the experimental device to cause hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen storage tank 20; collect hydrogen concentration data at various locations in the simulated formation 30;

[0057] S4: Turn on the igniter 55 to cause the leaked hydrogen to explode, and collect the temperature, pressure, explosion flame shape, and explosion state in the simulated formation 30.

[0058] The experimental setup includes a transparent enclosure 10 and a vertical columnar hydrogen storage tank 20, a simulated formation 30, a cover plate 40, multiple temperature sensors 51, a pressure sensor 53, a gas concentration sensor 52, and an igniter 55, all housed within the transparent enclosure 10. A high-speed camera is installed outside the transparent enclosure 10 to capture images of the interior. The hydrogen storage tank 20 simulates a hydrogen storage well, and its portion located within the simulated formation 30 has a leak port 21 controlled by a pressure relief valve 22. The simulated formation 30 is filled with transparent glass spheres forming between the sidewalls of the transparent enclosure 10 and the hydrogen storage tank. Between 20, it is used to simulate the formation 30; the cover plate 40 is set on the surface of the simulated formation 30 to seal the transparent box 10; multiple igniters 55 are evenly arranged from near to far from the hydrogen storage tank 20 to observe the effect of hydrogen combustion explosion in different places on the hydrogen storage tank 20 and the formation; multiple temperature sensors 51, pressure sensors 53, and gas concentration sensors 52 are distributed in the simulated formation 30 to detect the pressure and temperature changes in the formation when hydrogen leaked from the hydrogen storage tank 20 causes hydrogen combustion explosion in the simulated formation 30.

[0059] In some embodiments, the assembly of the experimental apparatus includes the following steps:

[0060] S11: Provides a transparent enclosure 10;

[0061] S12: Install a hydrogen storage tank 20 on one side of the transparent box 10;

[0062] S13: Install a pressure sensor 53, a gas concentration sensor 52, and an igniter 55 inside the transparent housing 10;

[0063] S14: Fill the transparent box 10 with transparent filling material to form a simulated stratum 30;

[0064] S15: Install a sealing plate on the simulated stratum 30 and install a temperature sensor 51 to obtain the experimental setup.

[0065] In the process of filling the simulated stratum 30 with transparent filling material, the transparent filling material is directly filled into the transparent box 10 without compaction.

[0066] In some embodiments, step S2, the sealing test, includes the following steps:

[0067] S21: Close the vent 21 of the hydrogen storage tank 20;

[0068] S22: Inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank 20 until the gas pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 20 reaches a preset pressure value, let it stand for at least 30 minutes, obtain the hydrogen concentration detection results of the hydrogen concentration sensor before and after the hydrogen injection, and determine the sealing performance of the experimental device based on the hydrogen concentration detection results;

[0069] The preset pressure value is lower than the opening pressure value of the pressure relief valve 22 at the leak port 21 of the hydrogen storage tank 20. Preferably, the preset pressure value is close to, but not equal to, the opening pressure value of the pressure relief valve 22, so as to facilitate observation of whether there are other leaks in the hydrogen storage tank 20 at pressures lower than the opening pressure value of the pressure relief valve 22.

[0070] The method for judging its sealing performance is as follows: After the gas pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 20 is filled to the preset pressure value, the filling port of the hydrogen storage tank 20 is closed, and it is left to stand for at least 30 minutes. Observe whether the gas pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 20 changes and / or whether the hydrogen concentration sensor detects a change in hydrogen concentration. If there is a decrease, it proves that there are other leaks in the hydrogen storage tank 20, and it needs to be repaired before being put into use. If there is no change, the next simulation step can be performed. The hydrogen storage tank 20 is equipped with a pressure gauge for measuring the gas pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 20.

[0071] After the airtightness test is passed and meets the requirements, hydrogen diffusion simulation can be performed, which includes the following steps:

[0072] Before continuing to introduce hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank, record the initial data detected by the sensor 51;

[0073] Continue injecting hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank 20 until the gas pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 20 is higher than the opening pressure value of the pressure relief valve 22, causing hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen storage tank 20. Record the hydrogen concentration detected by multiple sensors 51 at regular intervals to obtain the changes in hydrogen concentration at different times and locations in the simulated formation 30 in the experimental device.

[0074] After conducting the simulation test, open the control valve 42 of the venting channel 41 to vent or export the hydrogen gas.

[0075] In some embodiments, the compaction device 60 for compacting the base layer of the simulated stratum 30 and the simulated stratum 30 may include a compaction plate and a handle 62 mounted on the compaction plate; the compaction plate has a reserved hole 61 in the middle, which is equal to or nearly equal to the outer diameter of the hydrogen storage tank 20; so that during the compaction process, the hydrogen storage tank 20 can pass through the reserved hole 61 through the compaction plate, and the compaction plate presses on the upper surface of the sand filling other than the hydrogen storage tank 20. In addition, the handle 62 is detachably connected to the compaction plate or can be folded and mounted on the compaction plate, which facilitates the pressing down and lifting of the compaction plate, as well as storage and transportation.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen storage wells, characterized in that, include: A transparent box with an opening at the top; A hydrogen storage tank is installed inside the transparent enclosure to simulate a hydrogen storage well; the hydrogen storage tank is provided with at least one leak outlet; A simulated geological formation is formed between the sidewall of the transparent box and the hydrogen storage tank by filling material; wherein the filling material is a transparent filling material. A cover plate is installed on the surface of the simulated formation to seal the hydrogen storage tank and the simulated formation inside the transparent box. Multiple igniters are distributed in the simulated formation; and An information collection mechanism is used to collect information on the changes in the environment inside the transparent box before and after the igniter is turned on. The information acquisition mechanism includes a pressure sensor for acquiring pressure changes inside the transparent box and a temperature sensor for acquiring temperature changes inside the transparent box. The information acquisition mechanism also includes multiple gas concentration sensors for detecting the hydrogen concentration inside the transparent box, and the multiple gas concentration sensors are respectively arranged in different positions inside the transparent box. The hydrogen storage tank is arranged near the inner wall A of the transparent box; multiple igniters are evenly arranged from the inner wall A to the inner wall B of the transparent box; the inner wall B is arranged opposite to the inner wall A; The information acquisition mechanism also includes an image acquisition device for acquiring the state of the igniter inside the transparent box after it is turned on.

2. The experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in a hydrogen storage well according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple pressure sensors are provided, respectively arranged at different positions inside the transparent box; and / or Multiple temperature sensors are provided and are respectively arranged in different positions inside the transparent box.

3. The experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in a hydrogen storage well according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, which is communicatively connected to the information collection mechanism and is used to acquire and process the data collected by the information collection mechanism.

4. The experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in a hydrogen storage well according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent filling material includes glass microspheres with an average particle size of 1~50μm and glass macrospheres with an average particle size of 100~5000μm; and the transparent filling material is not compacted when filling the transparent box.

5. The experimental apparatus for studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen leakage in a hydrogen storage well according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage tank is equipped with multiple leak ports, and each leak port is equipped with a pressure relief valve.

6. A test method for simulating hydrogen leakage and diffusion in a hydrogen storage well, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Provide the experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5; S2: Perform a sealing test on the experimental device to ensure that the sealing performance of the experimental device meets the sealing requirements; S3: Inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank of the experimental device to cause hydrogen leakage; collect hydrogen concentration data at various locations in the simulated formation; S4: Turn on the igniter to cause the leaked hydrogen to ignite and explode, and collect the temperature, pressure, flame shape, and flame explosion state in the simulated formation.

Images