A pollination device for breeding maize inbred lines and a method for identifying low nitrogen tolerance of the same

Abstract

The application provides a pollination device for cultivating corn inbred lines and a method for identifying low-nitrogen tolerance thereof, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding, and comprises a fixed cylinder, a moving groove, a moving cylinder, a first electric push rod, a pollen taking assembly, a pollination assembly and a monitoring system; the fixed cylinder is a hollow cavity; the moving groove is arranged at the top of the fixed cylinder; the moving cylinder is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end, and the bottom of the moving cylinder is embedded in the moving groove; the first electric push rod is fixed at one side of the fixed cylinder, and the telescopic end of the first electric push rod is connected with the moving cylinder; the pollen taking assembly comprises a pollen storage box, a first air pump, an extension tube and an extension cover cylinder, the pollen storage box is arranged at one side of the moving cylinder, and the output end of the first air pump is in communication with the pollen storage box; the method can automatically pollinate and monitor the change of the nitrogen content of corn leaves in real time, so that the corn inbred line varieties with high low-nitrogen tolerance can be screened out.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a pollination device for breeding a maize inbred line and a method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of the maize inbred line. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, the low-nitrogen tolerance of a maize inbred line refers to the growth and yield performance of the maize inbred line under low-nitrogen conditions and the adaptability of the maize inbred line to low-nitrogen stress, and the low-nitrogen tolerance of the maize inbred line is one of important characteristics of maize hybrid breeding, which can improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, thereby protecting the environment and improving the ecological adaptability of maize. At present, the indexes for reflecting the maize inbred line under low-nitrogen conditions include root traits, leaf traits, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content, and the like, so as to screen the maize inbred line with low-nitrogen tolerance as an excellent parent of a hybrid.

[0003] At present, the traditional pollination method of the maize inbred line is to manually collect pollen on a tassel and then scatter the pollen on a female ear, and this method is prone to cause waste and uneven distribution of the pollen. In addition, in order to ensure the effect of pollination, the maize needs to be pollinated at a specific time, which is relatively troublesome. In addition, the excessive or insufficient nitrogen will affect the growth and quality of the maize. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method capable of automatically pollinating and monitoring the change of the nitrogen content of multiple groups of maize leaves in real time, so as to screen the maize inbred line with high low-nitrogen tolerance. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above technical problems, the application provides a pollination device for breeding a maize inbred line and a method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of the maize inbred line, which can automatically pollinate and monitor the change of the nitrogen content of maize leaves in real time, thereby facilitating the screening of the maize inbred line with high low-nitrogen tolerance.

[0005] The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] The application discloses a pollination device for cultivating corn inbred lines, which comprises a fixed cylinder, a moving groove, a moving cylinder, a first electric push rod, a pollen taking assembly, a pollination assembly and a monitoring system; the fixed cylinder is a hollow cavity; the moving groove is arranged at the top of the fixed cylinder; the moving cylinder is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end, and the bottom of the moving cylinder is embedded in the moving groove; the first electric push rod is fixed at one side of the fixed cylinder, and the telescopic end of the first electric push rod is connected with the moving cylinder; the pollen taking assembly comprises a pollen storage box, a first air pump, an extension tube and an extension cover cylinder; the pollen storage box is arranged at one side of the moving cylinder; the output end of the first air pump is in communication with the pollen storage box; the extension tube is arranged on the top wall in the moving cylinder; the input end of the first air pump is in communication with one end of the extension tube; and the other end of the extension tube is in communication with the extension cover cylinder; the pollination assembly comprises a second air pump, a first pollination mechanism and a second pollination mechanism; the input end of the second air pump is in communication with the pollen storage box; the output end of the air pump is in communication with the first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism respectively; and the first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism are arranged in the moving cylinder respectively; and the monitoring system comprises a controller, a sensor group and a camera; the sensor group and the camera are arranged in the telescopic cylinder; and the sensor group, the camera and the first electric push rod are connected with the controller.

[0007] In addition, the pollination device for cultivating corn inbred lines provided by the above technical solution can further have the following additional technical features.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the first pollination mechanism comprises a first connecting pipe, a first annular pipe and a first electromagnetic valve; one end of the first connecting pipe is in communication with the output end of the second air pump; the first annular pipe is fixed to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder and is a hollow cavity; a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the inner wall of the first annular pipe; and the first annular pipe is in communication with the other end of the first connecting pipe; and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first connecting pipe.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the second pollination mechanism comprises a second connecting pipe, a second annular pipe and a second electromagnetic valve; one end of the second connecting pipe is in communication with the first connecting pipe; the second annular pipe is fixed to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder and is a hollow wall; a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the inner wall of the second annular pipe; the second annular pipe is in communication with the other end of the second connecting pipe; and the second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second connecting pipe; wherein the second annular pipe is at a certain distance from the first annular pipe.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the extension cover cylinder comprises a first cover cylinder, a second electric push rod and a second cover cylinder; the first cover cylinder is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end and is connected with the extension tube; the second electric push rod is fixed at one side of the first cover cylinder; and the second cover cylinder is arranged around the outside of the first cover cylinder, and the telescopic end of the second electric push rod is connected with the second cover cylinder.

[0011] In the technical scheme, the third electric push rod is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the moving cylinder through the rotating seat, and the telescopic end of the third electric push rod is hinged to the first cover cylinder.

[0012] In the technical scheme, the four sliding grooves are arranged at the outer side of the first cover cylinder respectively, and the four sliding blocks are connected to the inner wall of the first cover cylinder respectively and embedded in the four sliding grooves respectively.

[0013] In the technical scheme, the sensor group comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, an infrared spectrometer and a position sensor, the camera of the temperature and humidity sensor and the camera of the infrared spectrometer are arranged in the moving cylinder respectively, and the position sensor is arranged in the moving cylinder.

[0014] In the technical scheme, the letting-in groove is arranged at the top of the fixed cylinder, the letting-in groove is communicated with the moving groove, and the first annular pipe and the second annular pipe are embedded in the letting-in groove.

[0015] In the technical scheme, the air permeable hole and the air permeable film are arranged at the top of the moving cylinder.

[0016] A method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of a corn inbred line comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: a plurality of test fields are set, the same concentration of low nitrogen is added to the plurality of test fields, and a plurality of to-be-tested corns are planted in the plurality of test fields respectively;

[0018] S2: the corn inbred line cultivation pollination device is covered outside the corn, the temperature and humidity required for the growth of the corn are set, the growth state of the corn is monitored through the camera, the corn is pollinated automatically when the optimal pollination time of the corn is monitored, and the corn inbred line cultivation pollination device is used for the corn.

[0019] S3: in the process of step S2, the camera of the infrared spectrometer is used to monitor the nitrogen content change of the plurality of corn leaves in real time respectively, so that the nitrogen content of the plurality of corn leaves in different growth periods is obtained, and the fertilization scheme is adjusted in time, so as to improve the low-nitrogen tolerance of the corn.

[0020] S4: the nitrogen content data of the corn inbred lines of different varieties in the same concentration of low nitrogen at different growth periods are compared, and the corn hybrid with high low-nitrogen tolerance is screened out.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the corn inbred line cultivation pollination device and the method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of the corn inbred line have the beneficial effects that:

[0022] 1. The pollination device can automatically adjust according to the height of the corn growth, automatically pollinate the corn when the optimal pollination time is monitored, and use the pollen taking assembly and the pollination assembly in combination to evenly spray the pollen on the male spike of the corn onto the female spike, thereby improving the effect of self-pollination.

[0023] 2. The pollination device is used in combination with the method to monitor the change of the nitrogen content of multiple groups of corn leaves in real time, obtain the nitrogen content of multiple groups of corn leaves at different growth stages, and screen out corn inbred varieties with strong low-nitrogen tolerance through data comparison. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a front view of the pollination device for cultivating corn inbreds according to the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic view of the pollination device for cultivating corn inbreds according to the present application.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic view of the pollination device for cultivating corn inbreds according to the present application.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the pollination device for cultivating corn inbreds according to the present application.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic view of the sliding groove according to the present application.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a sectional view of the second cover cylinder according to the present application.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic view of the third electric push rod according to the present application.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a flowchart of the method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of corn inbreds according to the present application.

[0032] The correspondence between the reference signs and the component names in the above description is as follows: Figures 1 to 8

[0033] ​10 Fixed cylinder, 11 Moving groove, 12 Moving cylinder, 13 First electric push rod, 14 Powder storage box, 15 First air pump, 16 Telescopic tube, 17 Second air pump, 18 Camera, 19 First connecting tube, 20 First annular tube, 21 First solenoid valve, 22 Second connecting tube, 23 Second annular tube, 24 Second solenoid valve, 25 First cover cylinder, 26 Second electric push rod, 27 Second cover cylinder, 28 Sliding groove, 29 Sliding block, 30 Temperature and humidity sensor, 31 Position sensor, 32 Clearance groove, 33 Breathable membrane, 34 Third electric push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following are specific implementation cases and appendices. Figures 1-8 The present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0035] A pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines includes: a fixed cylinder 10, a movable trough 11, a movable cylinder 12, a first electric push rod 13, a pollen collection component, a pollination component, and a monitoring system; the fixed cylinder 10 is a hollow cavity; the movable trough 11 is located at the top of the fixed cylinder 10; the movable cylinder 12 is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end, and the bottom of the movable cylinder 12 is embedded in the movable trough 11; the first electric push rod 13 is fixed to one side of the fixed cylinder 10, and the telescopic end of the first electric push rod 13 is connected to the movable cylinder 12; the pollen collection component includes a pollen storage box 14, a first air pump 15, a telescopic tube 16, and a telescopic cover; the pollen storage box 14 is located on one side of the movable cylinder 12, and the output end of the first air pump 15 is connected to the pollen storage box 14. The telescopic tube 16 is located on the top wall inside the movable cylinder 12. The input end of the telescopic tube 16 is connected to one end of the telescopic tube 16, and the other end of the telescopic tube 16 is connected to the telescopic cover cylinder. The pollination assembly includes a second air pump 17, a first pollination mechanism, and a second pollination mechanism. The input end of the second air pump 17 is connected to the powder storage box 14, and the output end of the air pump is connected to the first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism, respectively. The first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism are respectively located inside the movable cylinder 12. The monitoring system includes a controller, a sensor group, and a camera 18. The sensor group and the camera 18 are both located inside the telescopic cylinder, and the sensor group, the camera 18, and the first electric push rod 13 are all connected to the controller.

[0036] The camera 18 monitors the corn's condition in real time, and the first electric push rod 13 controls the moving cylinder 12 to move up and down along the moving groove 11, making it suitable for corn of different heights. When the corn reaches the optimal pollination state and time, the pollen collection component and pollination component are activated to pollinate the corn, ensuring that the pollen on the male ear at the top of the corn is evenly sprayed onto the female ear, thereby improving the self-pollination effect. In addition, the monitoring system monitors the nitrogen content of the corn at different stages in real time, so as to adjust the fertilization plan in a timely manner to improve the corn's tolerance to low nitrogen.

[0037] Specifically, the working process of the powder taking assembly and the pollination assembly is that the telescopic cover is arranged outside the corn tassel, the first air pump 15 is started, the pollen on the corn tassel is sucked into the powder storage box 14 for storage, when pollination is needed, the second air pump 17 is started, the pollen is injected into the first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism respectively, and is sprayed out through the first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism, so that the purpose of uniform pollination of the corn pistil is achieved.

[0038] Specifically, the optimal pollination time of corn is 7-9 am, and the pollination must be completed before 2-3 pm.

[0039] Specifically, the controller adopts a conventional controller model.

[0040] In the embodiment of the application, the first pollination mechanism comprises a first connecting pipe 19, a first annular pipe 20 and a first electromagnetic valve 21; one end of the first connecting pipe 19 is connected with the output end of the second air pump 17; the first annular pipe 20 is fixed on the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder body, the first annular pipe 20 is a hollow cavity, a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the inner wall of the first annular pipe 20, and the first annular pipe 20 is connected with the other end of the first connecting pipe 19; the first electromagnetic valve 21 is arranged on the first connecting pipe 19.

[0041] By controlling the first electromagnetic valve 21 to be opened, the second air pump 17 injects the pollen into the first connecting pipe 19 and into the first annular pipe 20, and the pollen in the first annular pipe 20 is uniformly sprayed on the corn pistil through the spray heads;

[0042] In the embodiment of the application, the second pollination mechanism comprises a second connecting pipe 22, a second annular pipe 23 and a second electromagnetic valve 24; one end of the second connecting pipe 22 is connected with the first connecting pipe 19; the second annular pipe 23 is fixed on the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder body, the second annular pipe 23 is a hollow wall, a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the inner wall of the second annular pipe 23, and the second annular pipe 23 is connected with the other end of the second connecting pipe 22; the second electromagnetic valve 24 is arranged on the second connecting pipe 22; wherein the second annular pipe 23 is a certain distance away from the first annular pipe 20.

[0043] By opening the second electromagnetic valve 24, the pollen in the first connecting pipe 19 enters the second connecting pipe 22, so as to enter the second annular pipe 23, and is sprayed out through the spray heads, so as to be uniformly sprayed on the corn pistil.

[0044] Specifically, the number of annular pipes, connecting pipes and electromagnetic valves can be increased according to actual conditions, so as to pollinate multiple corn pistils, thereby expanding the pollination range.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the telescopic cover cylinder comprises a first cover cylinder 25, a second electric push rod 26 and a second cover cylinder 27; the first cover cylinder 25 is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end, and the first cover cylinder 25 is connected with the telescopic pipe 16; the second electric push rod 26 is fixed on one side of the first cover cylinder 25; the second cover cylinder 27 is arranged around the outside of the first cover cylinder 25, and the telescopic end of the second electric push rod 26 is connected with the second cover cylinder 27.

[0046] The second cover cylinder 27 is controlled to move along the first cover cylinder 25 by the second electric push rod 26, so as to be adjusted according to the position and size of the male inflorescence, and cover the outside of the male inflorescence, so that the first air pump 15 can suck away the pollen.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, a third electric push rod 34 is further included; the third electric push rod 34 is arranged on the top of the inner wall of the moving cylinder body 12 through a rotating seat, and the telescopic end of the third electric push rod 34 is hinged with the first cover cylinder 25.

[0048] The first cover cylinder 25 is tilted to a predetermined angle by the telescopic movement of the third electric push rod 34, so as to cover the outside of the male inflorescence by the first cover cylinder 25 and the second cover cylinder 27.

[0049] Specifically, the telescopic pipe 16, the first connecting pipe 19 and the second connecting pipe 22 are all flexible pipes, so as to change the inclination angle of the first cover cylinder 25 when the third electric push rod 34 is telescoped.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, four sliding grooves 28 and four sliding blocks 29 are further included; the four sliding grooves 28 are respectively arranged on the outside of the first cover cylinder 25; the four sliding blocks 29 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the first cover cylinder 25, and the four sliding blocks 29 are respectively embedded in the four sliding grooves 28.

[0051] When the second cover cylinder 27 is moved by the second electric push rod 26, the sliding grooves 28 and the sliding blocks 29 are used in combination, so as to guide the movement of the second cover cylinder 27, to facilitate the linear motion of the second cover cylinder 27 and prevent it from deviating.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the sensor group comprises a temperature and humidity sensor 30, an infrared spectrometer and a position sensor 31; the temperature and humidity sensor 30 and the camera 18 of the infrared spectrometer are respectively arranged in the moving cylinder body 12; the position sensor 31 is arranged in the moving cylinder body 12.

[0053] The temperature and humidity inside the moving cylinder 12 are monitored in real time by the temperature and humidity sensor 30, so that the staff can adjust according to the needs, and the height of the corn growth is monitored by the position sensor 31, when the height of the corn reaches the position sensor 31, the position sensor 31 will transmit a signal to the first electric push rod 13, so that the first electric push rod 13 controls the moving cylinder 12 to move upwards to a suitable height, thereby reserving a certain growth space for the corn, and the growth state of the corn can also be monitored in real time by the camera, so that the staff can observe and manually adjust.

[0054] Specifically, the infrared spectrometer used in the present application is Bruker Alpha II; by aiming the camera 18 of the infrared spectrometer at the leaf, the nitrogen content of the leaf can be estimated by measuring the reflectivity of the leaf.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, it further comprises a displacement slot 32; the displacement slot 32 is arranged at the top of the fixed cylinder 10, and the displacement slot 32 is in communication with the moving slot 11, and the first annular pipe 20 and the second annular pipe 23 are both embedded in the displacement slot 32.

[0056] When the first electric push rod 13 drives the moving cylinder 12 to move up and down, the first annular pipe 20 and the second annular pipe 23 move up and down along the displacement slot 32, thereby avoiding interference between the first annular pipe 20 and the second annular pipe 23 and the fixed cylinder 10.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, it further comprises air vents and air permeable membranes 33; the air vents are arranged at the top of the moving cylinder 12; and the air permeable membranes 33 are arranged at the air vents.

[0058] By arranging the air vents and the air permeable membranes 33, the purpose of air circulation inside the device is achieved.

[0059] A method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of a corn inbred line, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1: arranging multiple groups of test fields, adding the same concentration of low-nitrogen in the multiple groups of test fields, and planting multiple groups of to-be-tested corns in the multiple groups of test fields, respectively;

[0061] S2: covering the corn on the outside with the pollination device of the present application, setting the temperature and humidity required for the growth of the corn, and monitoring the growth state of the corn through the camera 18, and automatically pollinating the corn when the optimal pollination time of the corn is monitored;

[0062] S3: in the process of step S2, the camera 18 of the infrared spectrometer is used to monitor the nitrogen content of the multiple groups of corn leaves in real time, respectively, so as to obtain the nitrogen content of the multiple groups of corn leaves at different growth stages, and then the fertilization scheme is adjusted in time, so as to improve the low-nitrogen tolerance of the corn.

[0063] S4: According to the nitrogen content data of different varieties of corn inbred lines collected at different growth stages under low nitrogen level at the same concentration, the corn hybrids with strong low nitrogen tolerance are screened out.

[0064] The pollination device of the application is used in combination with the method of the application, which can monitor the change of nitrogen content of multiple groups of corn leaves in real time, so as to obtain the nitrogen content of multiple groups of corn leaves at different growth stages, and through data comparison, the corn inbred lines with strong low nitrogen tolerance are screened out.

[0065] In the description of the application, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more, unless otherwise explicitly limited, and the terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the application; the terms "connection", "installation", "fixation" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, "connection" can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] In the description of the application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "a specific embodiment" and the like mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In the application, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0067] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. For those skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines, characterized in that, include: A fixed cylindrical body, wherein the fixed cylindrical body is a hollow cavity; A movable groove is disposed on the top of the fixed cylinder; A movable cylinder, wherein the movable cylinder is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end, and the bottom of the movable cylinder is embedded in the movable groove; The first electric push rod is fixed to one side of the fixed cylinder, and the telescopic end of the first electric push rod is connected to the movable cylinder. The powder dispensing assembly includes a powder storage box, a first air pump, a telescopic tube, and a telescopic cover. The powder storage box is disposed on one side of the movable cylinder. The output end of the first air pump is connected to the powder storage box. The telescopic tube is disposed on the top wall inside the movable cylinder. The input end of the first air pump is connected to one end of the telescopic tube, and the other end of the telescopic tube is connected to the telescopic cover. The pollination assembly includes a second air pump, a first pollination mechanism, and a second pollination mechanism. The input end of the second air pump is connected to the powder storage box, and the output end of the air pump is connected to the first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism, respectively. The first pollination mechanism and the second pollination mechanism are respectively disposed inside the movable cylinder. A monitoring system, comprising a controller, a sensor group, and a camera, wherein the sensor group and the camera are both housed within the telescopic cylinder, and the sensor group, the camera, and the first electric push rod are all connected to the controller; A first connecting pipe, one end of which is connected to the output end of the second air pump; The first annular tube is fixed to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder. The first annular tube is a hollow cavity. The inner wall of the first annular tube is provided with multiple nozzles, and the other end of the first annular tube is connected to the first connecting tube. A first solenoid valve is disposed on the first connecting pipe; A second connecting pipe, one end of which is connected to the first connecting pipe; The second annular tube is fixed to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder. The second annular tube is a hollow wall. The inner wall of the second annular tube is provided with multiple nozzles, and the other end of the second annular tube is connected to the second connecting tube. The second solenoid valve is disposed on the second connecting pipe; There is a certain distance between the second annular tube and the first annular tube; The sensor group includes: a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared spectrometer, with the temperature and humidity sensor and the infrared spectrometer's camera respectively disposed inside the movable cylinder; and a position sensor disposed inside the movable cylinder.

2. The pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic cover includes: The first cover cylinder is a hollow cavity with an opening at one end, and the first cover cylinder is connected to the telescopic tube. The second electric push rod is fixed to one side of the first cover cylinder; The second cover cylinder is arranged around the outside of the first cover cylinder, and the telescopic end of the second electric push rod is connected to the second cover cylinder.

3. The pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The third electric push rod is mounted on the top of the inner wall of the movable cylinder via a rotating seat, and the telescopic end of the third electric push rod is hinged to the first cover cylinder.

4. The pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Four sliding grooves are respectively disposed on the outer side of the first cover cylinder; Four sliders are connected to the inner wall of the first cover cylinder, and the four sliders are respectively embedded in the four grooves.

5. A pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A clearance groove is provided on the top of the fixed cylinder. The clearance groove is connected to the movable groove, and both the first annular tube and the second annular tube are embedded in the clearance groove.

6. A pollination device for cultivating maize inbred lines according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: A vent is provided at the top of the movable cylinder; A breathable membrane, wherein the breathable membrane is disposed at the breathable holes.

7. A method for identifying the low-nitrogen tolerance of maize inbred lines, based on a pollination device for breeding maize inbred lines as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Set up multiple experimental fields, add the same concentration of low nitrogen to multiple experimental fields, and then plant multiple groups of corn to be tested in multiple experimental fields respectively; S2: The pollination device is placed over the outside of the corn, and the temperature and humidity required for the corn growth are set. The growth status of the corn is monitored by a camera. When the optimal pollination time for the corn is detected, the corn is automatically pollinated. S3: During step S2, the changes in nitrogen content of multiple groups of corn leaves are monitored in real time by the camera of the infrared spectrometer, so as to obtain the nitrogen content of multiple groups of corn leaves at different growth stages, and then adjust the fertilization plan in a timely manner to improve the corn's tolerance to low nitrogen. S4: By comparing the nitrogen content data of different maize inbred lines at various growth stages under the same low nitrogen concentration, maize inbred lines with strong low nitrogen tolerance are screened out.

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