Coal gangue screening machine based on intelligent identification system for screening shaft dynamic adjustment

Abstract

This invention discloses a coal gangue screening machine with dynamic adjustment of the screening shaft based on an intelligent recognition system, comprising a frame, roller assemblies, and lead screws. Two frames are symmetrically arranged, with roller assemblies installed between them. Coal material is adapted to flow from the beginning to the end of the frames during screening. Multiple sets of roller assemblies are installed side-by-side between the two frames, and these roller assemblies are suitable for crushing large coal particles. Two lead screws are installed on the two frames respectively. The ends of the roller assemblies mesh with the lead screws and are adapted to move along the extension direction of the frame under the drive of the lead screws. The lead screws are threaded corresponding to the roller assemblies, and the pitch of the threads is proportional to the distance between the roller assembly and the beginning of the frame. The coal gangue screening machine provided by this invention can dynamically adjust the roller gap without stopping the machine, based on the results provided by the intelligent coal material recognition system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal gangue screening equipment technology, specifically a coal gangue screening machine that dynamically adjusts the screening shaft based on an intelligent identification system. Background Technology

[0002] Coal gangue is a waste product generated during coal mining, mainly composed of rocks and coal residues. Coal gangue screening involves the physical separation and sieving of coal gangue to separate purer coal and rocks. The main purpose of screening coal gangue is to separate the coal gangue from coal lumps.

[0003] In existing technologies, screening equipment for coal gangue and coal lumps mainly includes two types: roller type and screen shaft type. The structure of a screen shaft type coal gangue screening machine typically includes several screen shafts installed side-by-side, with crushing blades mounted on each shaft. A certain gap exists between the screen shafts. During operation, this gap is preset. When the mixed coal rolls over the screen shafts, if the coal lumps are smaller than this gap, they pass directly through the gap and fall onto the conveyor belt below. If the coal lumps are larger than this gap, the crushing blades will break them up, causing them to fall. Larger pieces of coal gangue, due to their higher hardness and larger particle diameter, are not crushed by the crushing blades and are carried to the end of the screening channel by the rolling of the screen shafts, falling onto the coal gangue conveyor belt for transport. Coal gangue with a particle size smaller than the preset gap of the screen shafts falls along with the coal particles for secondary screening.

[0004] However, the diameter of coal gangue varies from region to region and from coal mine to coal mine, and even the particle size distribution of coal gangue from different mines and coal seams in the same batch can differ significantly. If the preset gap of the screening shaft is too large, too much coal gangue will not be screened out, while if the preset gap of the screening shaft is too small, large pieces of coal may not be able to enter the gap of the crusher blades and be crushed.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, engineers have developed numerous methods for identifying coal gangue particles. Some methods are based on computer vision, while others rely on light transmittance across different wavelengths. The general approach involves using algorithms to determine a suitable screening shaft gap for the current batch of coal. For instance, Chinese invention patent CN111476769A discloses an object identification method, device, and coal gangue sorting equipment.

[0006] However, regardless of the identification method or the use of robotic arms or similar equipment to remove coal gangue point by point, the removal efficiency is extremely low. When similar technology is applied to existing roller-type coal gangue screening machines, the roller gap of the screening machine needs to be preset before starting the screening operation. However, as mentioned above, the coal gangue from different coal seams in the same mine is quite different. To achieve better screening results, the gap of the screening shaft must always match the result obtained by the algorithm. To achieve this, the screening machine needs to be stopped, the gap adjusted, and then restarted. This greatly slows down the work efficiency. At the same time, frequent start-up and shutdown operations of the screening machine will also reduce its lifespan and increase energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the coal gangue screening machine needs to be stopped when adjusting the screening shaft gap in the prior art, and thus provide a coal gangue screening machine that can dynamically adjust the screening shaft gap.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A coal gangue screening machine with dynamic adjustment of the screening shaft based on an intelligent recognition system, comprising:

[0010] The frame has two symmetrically arranged frames, with a roller assembly installed between the two frames, and the coal material is suitable for flowing from the beginning to the end of the frame during screening.

[0011] The roller assembly has multiple sets, which are installed side by side between two frames. The roller assembly is suitable for crushing large coal particles.

[0012] The system has two lead screws, which are respectively mounted on two frames. The end of the roller assembly meshes with the lead screw and is adapted to move along the extension direction of the frame under the drive of the lead screw.

[0013] The lead screw is provided with a thread corresponding to the roller assembly, and the pitch of the thread is proportional to the distance between the roller assembly and the starting end of the frame.

[0014] As an optional technical solution, among multiple roller assemblies, the first roller assembly closest to the starting section of the frame does not engage with the lead screw.

[0015] As an optional technical solution, the pitch of the lead screw corresponding to the second roller assembly from the beginning of the frame to the last roller assembly is in an arithmetic sequence.

[0016] As an optional technical solution, the roller assembly includes:

[0017] The seat has two parts, which are respectively mounted on two frames. The seat is adapted to mesh with the corresponding lead screw and move along the frame under the drive of the lead screw.

[0018] A shaft is rotatably mounted on a base, and a crushing blade is mounted on the shaft;

[0019] The first drive motor meshes with the shaft through a first gear pair and is adapted to drive the shaft to rotate. The first drive motor is mounted on the base.

[0020] As an optional technical solution, the roller assembly further includes:

[0021] A sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the shaft body, and the sleeve has a limiting hole suitable for the crushing blade to pass through;

[0022] The second drive motor meshes with the sleeve through a second gear pair and is suitable for driving the sleeve to rotate;

[0023] The root of the crushing blade is hinged to the shaft, and the middle section of the crushing blade is in frictional contact with the edge of the limiting hole. The crushing blade is adapted to retract inward or open outward when there is a difference between the rotational speed of the sleeve and the rotational speed of the shaft.

[0024] As an optional technical solution, a limiting rod suitable for frictional contact with the crushing blade is fixedly installed on the limiting hole of the sleeve. The crushing blade is provided with an arc-shaped groove suitable for the limiting rod to slide therein. The crushing blade is adapted to be opened or retracted by the limiting rod when the limiting rod slides in the arc-shaped groove.

[0025] As an optional technical solution, it also includes:

[0026] The cover is installed outside the first gear pair, the second gear pair, the first drive motor, and the second drive motor to prevent dust from entering them.

[0027] As an optional technical solution, multiple guide rods are installed on the frame parallel to the lead screw, and the base is adapted to slide along the guide rods.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. The coal gangue screening machine provided by the present invention includes a frame, roller shaft assemblies, and lead screws. Two frames are symmetrically arranged, with roller shaft assemblies installed between them. Coal material is adapted to flow from the beginning to the end of the frame during screening. Multiple sets of roller shaft assemblies are installed side-by-side between the two frames, and these roller shaft assemblies are adapted to crush large coal particles. Two lead screws are installed on the two frames respectively. The ends of the roller shaft assemblies mesh with the lead screws and are adapted to move along the extension direction of the frame under the drive of the lead screws. The lead screws are threaded corresponding to the roller shaft assemblies, and the pitch of the threads is proportional to the distance between the roller shaft assembly and the beginning of the frame.

[0030] In the above structure, after the intelligent identification system determines the particle size of the coal gangue, the working process is illustrated by adjusting the gap of the roller assembly as an example: First, the motor drives the lead screw to rotate. At this time, the different pitches of the threads on the lead screw can drive different roller assemblies to move at different amplitudes. Since the pitch of the threads on the lead screw is proportional to the distance of the roller assembly from the starting end of the frame, the roller assembly farther from the starting end of the frame moves more. Thus, the gap of the roller assembly can be enlarged. Conversely, the gap is reduced. During the entire adjustment process, the roller assembly operates independently. Therefore, the coal gangue screening machine provided by this invention can dynamically adjust the gap of the roller assembly without affecting its working state, to meet the needs of various intelligent identification systems for coal gangue in the prior art, thereby ensuring the screening efficiency of the coal gangue screening machine.

[0031] 2. In the coal gangue screening machine provided by this invention, the first roller assembly near the starting section of the frame is not engaged with the lead screw among multiple roller assemblies. The advantage of this is that, since the first roller assembly can serve as a reference for adjusting the gap of all roller assemblies, this roller assembly does not need to be moved. This reduces the load on the lead screw and provides an additional zero point for the gap adjustment of the roller assemblies, allowing the coal gangue screening machine of this invention to better match the calculation requirements of the intelligent recognition system.

[0032] 3. In the coal gangue screening machine provided by this invention, the screw pitches on the lead screws corresponding to the second roller assembly from the beginning section of the frame to the last roller assembly form an arithmetic sequence. Setting the screw pitches to an arithmetic sequence ensures that the movement amplitude of the corresponding roller assembly increases uniformly.

[0033] 4. The coal gangue screening machine provided by the present invention includes a roller assembly comprising a base, a shaft, a first drive motor, a second drive motor, and a sleeve. Two bases are respectively mounted on two frames. The bases are adapted to mesh with corresponding lead screws and move along the frames under the drive of the lead screws. The shaft is rotatably mounted on the base, and a crushing blade is mounted on the shaft. The first drive motor meshes with the shaft through a first gear pair and is adapted to drive the shaft to rotate. The first drive motor is mounted on the base. The sleeve is fitted outside the shaft, and a limiting hole is provided on the sleeve to allow the crushing blade to pass through. The second drive motor meshes with the sleeve through a second gear pair and is adapted to drive the sleeve to rotate. The root of the crushing blade is hinged to the shaft, and the middle section of the crushing blade is in frictional contact with the edge of the limiting hole. The crushing blade is adapted to retract inward or open outward when there is a difference between the rotational speed of the sleeve and the rotational speed of the shaft. A limiting rod suitable for frictional contact with the crushing blade is fixedly installed on the limiting hole of the sleeve. An arc-shaped groove is opened on the crushing blade to allow the limiting rod to slide therein. The crushing blade is adapted to be opened or retracted by the limiting rod when the limiting rod slides in the arc-shaped groove.

[0034] Using the above structure, the opening angle of the crusher blades can be adjusted. Specifically, under normal circumstances, when the crusher blades do not require adjustment, the first and second drive motors drive the shaft and sleeve to rotate at the same angular velocity, respectively. When it is necessary to adjust the opening angle of the crusher blades, the speed difference between the first and second drive motors is adjusted, thereby changing the rotation angle of the sleeve and shaft. At this time, the limiting rod on the sleeve will slide in the arc groove, thereby lifting or pressing down the crusher blades, thus adjusting the opening angle of the crusher blades. With the roller gap adjustable, the adjustment of the crusher blade opening angle can compensate for this, ensuring that the screening effect can adapt to more coal mines. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coal gangue screening machine provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. For ease of observation, the cover and a frame are hidden, and the roller assembly is disconnected.

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structure of the lead screw in the coal gangue screening machine.

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structure of the roller assembly in the coal gangue screening machine. For ease of observation, the base part has been hidden and the roller assembly has been disconnected.

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the roller assembly shown;

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1-Frame, 2-Roller assembly, 3-Lead screw, 4-Thread, 5-Seat, 6-Shaft, 7-First drive motor, 8-First gear pair, 9-Sleeve, 10-Second drive motor, 11-Second gear pair, 12-Crushing blade, 13-Limiting rod, 14-Arc groove, 15-Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 4 A coal gangue screening machine that dynamically adjusts the screening shaft based on an intelligent recognition system includes:

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] See Figure 1 In Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the cover and one frame 1 are hidden for easier observation, and the roller assembly 2 is disconnected. This embodiment provides a coal gangue screening machine that can dynamically adjust the roller gap without stopping the machine based on the identification results of the coal material by an intelligent identification system. This embodiment includes a frame 1, a roller assembly 2, and a lead screw 3. There are two frames 1, symmetrically arranged, with the roller assembly 2 installed between the two frames 1. The coal material is suitable for flowing from the beginning end to the end end of the frame 1 during screening. There are also two lead screws 3, which are respectively installed on the two frames 1. The end of the roller assembly 2 meshes with the lead screw 3 and is suitable for moving along the extension direction of the frame 1 under the drive of the lead screw 3. There are multiple sets of roller assemblies 2, which are installed side by side between the two frames 1. The roller assembly 2 is suitable for crushing large coal particles.

[0044] See Figure 2 The lead screw 3 is provided with a thread 4 corresponding to the roller assembly 2. The pitch of the thread 4 is proportional to the distance between the roller assembly 2 and the starting end of the frame 1. The pitches on the lead screw 3 corresponding to the second roller assembly 2 from the starting section of the frame 1 to the last roller assembly 2 form an arithmetic sequence. Among the multiple roller assemblies 2, the first roller assembly 2 closest to the starting section of the frame 1 does not mesh with the lead screw 3.

[0045] During coal screening, the coal moves from the beginning to the end of the frame 1 under the drive of the roller assembly 2. Coal particles smaller than the roller gap fall through the gap onto the conveyor belt below and are transported away, while those larger than the roller gap are crushed by the crusher 12 and fall down. Coal gangue, due to its greater hardness, cannot be crushed by the crusher 12 and is transported to the end of the rollers for further processing as the rollers rotate. During this process, when the intelligent identification system detects changes in the average or distribution of coal gangue particle size, the roller gap needs to be adjusted. At this time, based on the results of the intelligent identification system, the drive motor of the lead screw 3 rotates. The different pitches of the threads 4 on the lead screw 3 drive different roller assemblies 2 to move at different amplitudes. Since the pitch of the thread 4 on the lead screw 3 is proportional to the distance of the roller assembly 2 from the beginning of the frame 1, the further away the roller assembly 2 is from the beginning of the frame 1, the greater its amplitude of movement. Therefore, the gap of roller assembly 2 can be increased. Conversely, the gap of roller assembly 2 can be decreased.

[0046] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 The roller assembly 2 provided in this embodiment includes a base 5, a shaft 6, and a sleeve 9. There are two bases 5, each mounted on one of two frames 1. Each base 5 is adapted to mesh with a corresponding lead screw 3 and moves along the frame 1 under the drive of the lead screw 3. The shaft 6 and sleeve 9 are mounted between the two bases 5. Both ends of the shaft 6 are rotatably mounted on the base 5 via bearings. A crushing blade 12 is mounted on the shaft 6; specifically, the root of the crushing blade 12 is hinged to the shaft 6. The crushing blade 12 is adapted to retract inward or open outward when there is a difference between the rotational speed of the sleeve 9 and the rotational speed of the shaft 6.

[0047] To achieve the opening or retraction of the crusher blade 12, a limiting rod 13 suitable for frictional contact with the crusher blade 12 is fixedly installed on the limiting hole of the sleeve 9. The crusher blade 12 has an arc-shaped groove 14 suitable for the limiting rod 13 to slide within it. The crusher blade 12 is adapted to be opened or retracted by the limiting rod 13 when it slides in the arc-shaped groove 14. When the crusher blade 12 does not require adjustment, the first drive motor 7 and the second drive motor 10 drive the shaft 6 and the sleeve 9 to rotate at the same angular velocity, respectively. When it is necessary to adjust the opening angle of the crusher blade 12, the speed difference between the first drive motor 7 and the second drive motor 10 is adjusted, thereby changing the rotation angle of the sleeve 9 and the shaft 6. At this time, the limiting rod 13 on the sleeve 9 will slide within the arc-shaped groove 14, thereby lifting or pressing down the crusher blade 12, thus achieving the adjustment of the opening angle of the crusher blade 12.

[0048] In this embodiment, the shaft 6 and the sleeve 9 are driven to rotate by the first drive motor 7 and the second drive motor 10, respectively. The first drive motor 7 meshes with the shaft 6 through a first gear pair 8, and is adapted to drive the shaft 6 to rotate. The first drive motor 7 is mounted on the base 5. The sleeve 9 is fitted onto the outside of the shaft 6, and the sleeve 9 has a limiting hole suitable for the crusher blade 12 to pass through. The second drive motor 10 meshes with the sleeve 9 through a second gear pair 11.

[0049] To improve the service life and operational stability of the coal gangue screening machine in this embodiment, a cover is also included, which is installed outside the first gear pair 8, the second gear pair 11, the first drive motor 7, and the second drive motor 10 to prevent dust from entering. Meanwhile, multiple guide rods 15 are installed parallel to the lead screw 3 on the frame 1, and the seat 5 is adapted to slide along the guide rods 15.

[0050] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coal gangue screening machine based on intelligent identification system for screening shaft dynamic adjustment, characterized in that, include: The frame (1) has two symmetrically arranged frames, and the roller assembly (2) is suitable for installation between the two frames (1). The coal material is suitable for flowing from the beginning end of the frame (1) to the end end of the frame (1) during screening. The roller assembly (2) has multiple sets, and the multiple sets of roller assemblies (2) are installed side by side between two frames (1). The roller assembly (2) is suitable for crushing large coal particles. The lead screw (3) has two screws, which are respectively mounted on two frames (1). The end of the roller assembly (2) meshes with the lead screw (3) and is adapted to move along the extension direction of the frame (1) under the drive of the lead screw (3). The lead screw (3) is provided with a thread (4) corresponding to the roller assembly (2), and the pitch of the thread (4) is proportional to the distance between the roller assembly (2) and the starting end of the frame (1). The roller assembly (2) includes: There are two seats (5), which are respectively installed on two frames (1). The seats (5) are adapted to mesh with the corresponding lead screws (3) and move along the frames (1) under the drive of the lead screws (3). A shaft (6) is rotatably mounted on a base (5), and a crusher (12) is mounted on the shaft (6). The first drive motor (7) meshes with the shaft (6) through the first gear pair (8) and is suitable for driving the shaft (6) to rotate. The first drive motor (7) is mounted on the base (5). A sleeve (9) is fitted outside the shaft (6), and a limiting hole is provided on the sleeve (9) to allow the crushing knife (12) to pass through; The second drive motor (10) meshes with the sleeve (9) through the second gear pair (11) and is suitable for driving the sleeve (9) to rotate; The root of the crushing blade (12) is hinged to the shaft (6). The crushing blade (12) is adapted to be driven by the sleeve (9) to retract inward or open outward when there is a difference between the rotation speed of the sleeve (9) and the rotation speed of the shaft (6). A limiting rod (13) suitable for frictional contact with the crusher (12) is fixedly installed on the limiting hole of the sleeve (9). An arc groove (14) suitable for the limiting rod (13) to slide in the crusher (12) is provided on the crusher (12). The crusher (12) is suitable for being opened or retracted by the limiting rod (13) when the limiting rod (13) slides in the arc groove (14).

2. The coal gangue screening machine based on an intelligent identification system for dynamic adjustment of the screening shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Of the multiple roller assemblies (2), the first roller assembly (2) closest to the starting section of the frame (1) does not engage with the lead screw (3).

3. The coal gangue screening machine based on an intelligent recognition system for dynamic adjustment of the screening shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pitch of the lead screw (3) corresponding to the second roller assembly (2) from the starting section of the frame (1) to the last roller assembly (2) is an arithmetic sequence.

4. The coal gangue screening machine based on an intelligent identification system for dynamic adjustment of the screening shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The cover is placed outside the first gear pair (8), the second gear pair (11), the first drive motor (7) and the second drive motor (10), and is suitable for preventing dust from entering them.

5. The coal gangue screening machine based on an intelligent identification system for dynamic adjustment of the screening shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Multiple guide rods (15) are installed on the frame (1) parallel to the lead screw (3), and the seat (5) is adapted to slide along the guide rods (15).

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