A pull-out test method and device for photovoltaic support anchor structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pull-out test method and device for a photovoltaic support anchor structure, which relates to the field of construction technology. The method includes: making an anchor plate; making a pull plate; connecting the anchor plate and the support top plate; installing anchor nails to stop water; installing the anchor plate; installing a jack, a hydraulic pipeline and a pressure dial; pressurizing to the calculated pressure; overpressure treatment; and ending the test. The device includes: an anchor plate, a support top plate, a jack, a pressure dial, a pressure pump and an anchor nail. The anchor nail is installed on the anchor plate. The anchor plate and the support top plate are connected by a pull plate, and the support top plate is also connected to the upper end of the jack. The lower end of the jack is connected to the pressure pump through a hydraulic pipeline, and a pressure dial is installed on the pressure pump. The present invention uses a complete test process and method, including software modeling force analysis, determining the most unfavorable load, and conducting field tests, which is fast and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction technology, and in particular to a pull-out test method and device for a photovoltaic support anchor structure. Background Art

[0002] For photovoltaic projects that use lightweight distributed roof support structures with anchored nodes, a pull-out test should be carried out on the anchored structure foundation after the design plan is finalized and before construction to test the stability of the structure. Based on the test results, it is determined whether the design structure needs to be optimized. The roof distributed photovoltaic pull-out test is an experimental method for detecting the stability of the structural anchoring structure of the photovoltaic support before construction. In related technologies, a common pull-out test device is a single jack, which forms a test device with main components such as a reaction frame, a conversion part, and a support plate. The jack, as a lifting equipment, is usually located on the top of the device, but this type of device has the characteristic of a cumbersome structural construction process. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a pull-out test method and device for a photovoltaic support anchor structure.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: making an anchor plate;

[0007] Step S2: making a pull plate;

[0008] Step S3: connecting the anchor plate and the top support plate;

[0009] Step S4: installing anchor water stop;

[0010] Step S5: installing the anchor plate;

[0011] Step S6: Install the jack, hydraulic pipeline and pressure gauge;

[0012] Step S7: pressurizing to the calculated pressure;

[0013] Step S8: overpressure treatment: wherein the overpressure treatment process is: slowly increase the pressure to the set pressure, during the pressure increase process, observe the contact deformation between the jack and the floor surface and the deformation of the top plate, and terminate the pressure according to the pressure condition and the principle of double control of deformation;

[0014] Step S9: End the test.

[0015] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S1, the anchor plate manufacturing process is: use the bracket support as the anchor plate, set the drill holes on the anchor plate according to the actual drilling positions, after drilling, apply dye on the hole mouth of the anchor plate, form an imprint after covering the plate, and drill a hole in the center of the imprint.

[0016] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S2, the pulling plate making process is: according to the jack height L 千斤顶 And length L 行程 To set the pull plate length; L 拉板 =L 千斤顶 +L 行程 / 2; the same bracket support plate is used to cut the plate into blocks, and the width of the plate is: bracket support plate / 3.

[0017] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S3, the connection process is: the anchor plate and the support top plate are connected by a pull plate, and the connection port is welded by double-sided welding. When the support top plate and the pull plate are welded, the support top plate is rotated 45° relative to the plane of the anchor plate.

[0018] Based on the above technical scheme, further, step S4, the anchor water-stop installation process is: after the hole is cleaned with high-pressure air, waterproof sealant is injected into the anchor hole with a gun, and the injection amount is sufficient to make the top surface of the colloid flat at the hole mouth; insert the expansion bolt into the hole, and use a light hammer to hit the bolt and expansion tube to the bottom of the hole, and use a torque wrench to tighten the nut so that the bolt, expansion tube, mounting part and beam body are expanded into one.

[0019] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S5, the anchor plate installation process is: remove the expansion bolt nut, align the anchor plate hole position with the bolt and place it on the plate surface, tighten the screw extending out of the anchor plate with the bolt, and complete the installation of the lower anchor plate.

[0020] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S6, the installation process of the jack, hydraulic pipeline and pressure gauge is as follows: install a seismic-resistant pressure gauge with a range of 100MPa at the pressure delivery end of the hand pump and connect a hydraulic pipeline; install a one-way to two-way interface at one end of the hydraulic pipeline, and install a hydraulic pipeline at each end of the two-way interface to connect two hydraulic jacks respectively; the jacks are installed on both sides of the anchor plate and the pull plate, the lower part is supported on the floor surface, and the upper part is set at the two corners of the support plate, and the strokes of the two jacks are adjusted to the same position.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S7, the pressing process is: manually pressurize to 4.28MPa first fast and then slowly, and during pressing, observe the contact deformation between the jack and the floor surface and the deformation of the supporting top plate.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, further, before making the anchor plate, the pull-out force calculation is performed first. The calculation process is: according to the inclination angle and the bracket design structure diagram, the bracket support reaction force is calculated through modeling, and the pull-out force of each bolt is calculated according to the jack diameter and the pressure dial scale. Among them, the modeling process is: using PKPM software to establish a steel structure model of the photovoltaic bracket, adding load information in the software, and after calculation, the reaction force information of the photovoltaic bracket node can be obtained.

[0023] A pulling test device for a photovoltaic support anchor structure comprises an anchor plate, a top support plate, a jack, a pressure gauge, a pressure pump and anchor nails, wherein the anchor nails are installed on the anchor plate, the anchor plate and the top support plate are connected by a pulling plate, and the top support plate is also connected to the upper end of the jack, and the lower end of the jack is connected to the pressure pump through a hydraulic pipeline, and the pressure pump is equipped with a pressure gauge.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention uses complete test procedures and methods, including software modeling force analysis, determines the most unfavorable load according to the process of calculating pressure, and conducts field tests, which is fast and efficient. At the same time, the structure used in the test process is light and easy to assemble, and has practicality. Specifically, the pull-out test device is mainly composed of two jacks, anchor plates, top plates, connectors, etc., among which the jack is different from the arrangement of common devices. It is directly in contact with the ground and serves as both a lifting device and a supporting structure. The jack does not need to be fixedly connected to the anchor plate. Secondly, the two plates are arranged at a certain angle to facilitate the test. The overall test is relatively simple and effective, and is suitable for application in a variety of scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the test method of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the test device of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure numerals: 1. Support plate; 2. Jack; 3. Pressure gauge; 4. One-way to two-way interface; 5. Pressure pump; 6. Hydraulic pipeline; 7. Anchor nail; 8. Pull anchor plate; 9. Pull plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The technical features of each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Before the pull-out test, reverse measurement of beam position and layout, hole making, and pull-out force calculation are performed. Specifically,

[0034] The process of reverse measurement of beam position and layout is as follows: since the parapet and other surrounding walls cover the top of the beam, the beam position has been partially distorted after decoration of the slab-beam-column wall, and the construction error and the inability to arrange holes within 3cm of the beam edge (oblique holes are prone to penetrate the beam body) are superimposed, the measurement and layout according to the original beam position coordinates cannot meet the progress requirements of the anchor hole position.

[0035] In low-light conditions, at least the following operations are required:

[0036] 1) Use an infrared laying-out instrument to guide the actual indoor beam position to the ground. Considering the influence of the vertical deviation of the beam on the center line of the beam bottom, in order to avoid the influence of the axis deviation between the beam bottom and the beam top, the beam position is determined by the beam side line, and the boundary line between the beam top and the floor slab is directly measured;

[0037] 2) Use the infrared laying instrument to lead the ground beam axis through the door opening to the outdoor floor (or platform), and use a ruler to measure and locate (same length), one point on each door opening positioning line;

[0038] 3) Use the ink fountain line method to draw a parallel line parallel to the beam line outdoors. If a drop is encountered, use the plumb line and ball method to perform vertical setting out;

[0039] 4) Under weak natural light conditions, use an infrared layout instrument to lay out the outdoor floor. The infrared ground line coincides with the ink fountain line on the ground plane, and the vertical line is projected into the air using infrared.

[0040] 5) Measure the horizontal distance at multiple points on the parapet wall and make marks on the wall;

[0041] 6) Use a level, a hammer line and a hammer ball method to place two points on the center line of the beam, and use the ink line method to pop out the center line of the beam projected to the floor surface.

[0042] The reverse measurement of beam position and layout tools mainly use advanced infrared layout instruments and traditional ink fountain marking methods. The specific tool materials are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Reverse beam position measurement and layout tool configuration table

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] The hole making process includes positioning and setting out, drilling, hole cleaning and other operations, specifically:

[0047] 1. Positioning and setting out: According to the design drawings, use a ruler to mark the position of the support bottom plate on the center line of the roof beam. Considering the influence of the beam direction and beam reinforcement on the hole making, the horizontal direction can be adjusted by 2-3cm (the diameter of a steel bar).

[0048] 2. Drilling: Use an electric impact drill for dry drilling. The drill rod diameter is the expansion bolt diameter plus 2mm. When drilling, the impact drill and drill rod should be perpendicular to the ground to avoid excessive inclination in the hole. The inclined hole should be controlled within 0.1%, and the hole depth should be 5mm greater than the bolt rod.

[0049] 3. Hole cleaning: Use high-pressure air to clean the hole. The high-pressure air is blown by a small air compressor. An air gun is set at one end of the high-pressure air duct. The outer diameter of the air gun is 2mm smaller than the diameter of the drill pipe. Use high-pressure air to remove the dust in and around the hole to the outside of the working surface. Among them, the hole tools mainly include drilling tools and hole cleaning tools. The specific tools and materials are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 Configuration table of hole making equipment

[0051]

[0052] The plug-in and pull-out force calculation process is: according to the most unfavorable inclination angle (maximum 15°), according to the bracket design structure diagram, the support support reaction force is calculated by modeling. The modeling process is: using PKPM software to establish the steel structure model of the photovoltaic bracket, adding load information in the software, and calculating the reaction force information of the bracket node. According to the jack with a diameter of 40mm and the pressure dial scale, the pull-out force of each bolt is calculated to be F = 10.76 / (2×3.14×0.02×0.02) = 4283.44kpa (4.28MPa). Because the MPa dial is used, the pressure easily reaches 9.2MPa without pulling out the bolts, meeting the pull-out force requirements.

[0053] like Figure 1As shown, a pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure includes the following steps:

[0054] Step S1: making an anchor plate; specifically, using a support bracket as an anchor plate, setting the drill holes on the anchor plate according to the actual drilling positions, applying red dye to the two anchor hole openings after drilling, forming an imprint after covering the plate, and drilling a hole in the center of the imprint.

[0055] Step S2: Making a pull plate; specifically, according to the height L of the jack 千斤顶 And stroke length L 行程 To set the pull plate length; L 拉板 =L 千斤顶 +L 行程 / 2, use the same bracket support plate to cut the pull plate into pieces, the pull plate width is: bracket support plate / 3; when the pull plate is not long enough, it is lengthened by welding.

[0056] Step S3: connecting the anchor plate and the top support plate; specifically, the anchor plate and the top support plate are connected by a pull plate, and the connection port is double-sided welded. When the top support plate and the anchor plate are welded, the top support plate is rotated 45° relative to the plane of the anchor plate.

[0057] Step S4: Install anchors to stop water; specifically, after using high-pressure air to clean the hole, inject waterproof sealant into the anchor hole with a gun, and the injection amount is enough to make the top surface of the colloid flat at the hole opening; insert expansion bolts into the holes, and use light hammering to hit the bolts and expansion tubes to the bottom of the holes. Be careful not to damage the bolt threads when hammering, and tighten the nuts with a torque wrench to expand the bolts, expansion tubes, mounting parts and beam body into one. At this time, the waterproof sealant overflows from the hole opening as it is tightened.

[0058] Step S5: Install the anchor plate; specifically, remove the expansion bolt nut, align the anchor plate hole position with the bolt and place it on the plate surface, tighten the screw extending out of the anchor plate with the bolt (the screw thread is exposed for more than 2 threads), and complete the installation of the lower anchor plate of the anchor plate.

[0059] Step S6: Install the jack, hydraulic pipeline and pressure gauge; specifically, install a shock-resistant pressure gauge with a range of 100MPa and connect a hydraulic pipeline at the pressure delivery end of the pressure pump; install a one-way to two-way interface at one end of the hydraulic pipeline, and install a hydraulic pipeline at each end of the two-way interface to connect two hydraulic jacks respectively; the jacks are installed on both sides of the anchor plate and the pull plate, the lower part is supported on the floor surface, and the upper part is set at the two corners of the support plate, and the strokes of the two jacks are adjusted to the same position.

[0060] Step S7: Pressurize to the calculated pressure; specifically, manually pressurize to the calculated hydraulic pressure of 4.28MPa first quickly and then slowly. When pressing, pay attention to the deformation of the contact between the jack and the floor surface and the deformation of the support top plate. The process of pressure calculation is: calculated by software modeling and the support support reaction force is obtained; the field test first applies pressure to the hydraulic pressure calculated according to the software results, and after observing that there is no abnormality in the deformation, slowly pressurize to 9.5Mpa (close to double the calculated pressure) hydraulic pressure. In this process, the pressure can be terminated if the condition of deformation of the support top plate or the pressure is increased to 9.5Mpa is met. If the pressure is increased to 9.5Mpa and there is no obvious deformation of the structure, the structure meets the stability requirements. Among them, after the software analysis, it will be shown that the support reaction force at a certain point is the largest. This is the most unfavorable working condition. According to the formula p=F / A, it can be inferred that in order to achieve the maximum support reaction force in the software, the hydraulic pressure that the jack needs to provide in the pull-out test can be calculated, and then the most unfavorable load can be determined. Among them, p is the pressure, F is the total pressure acting on area A, and A is the area where F acts.

[0061] Step S8: overpressure treatment; specifically, manually and slowly increase the pressure to 9.5 MPa. When increasing the pressure, pay attention to the contact deformation between the jack and the floor surface and the deformation of the supporting top plate. Stop pressurizing according to the principle of dual control of pressure and deformation, that is, stop pressurizing when the pressure reaches 9.5 MPa, or stop pressurizing when the contact deformation and the supporting top plate deformation are obvious.

[0062] Step S9: End the test. The test equipment mainly includes pressure equipment and anchor pulling equipment materials. See Table 3 for specific equipment materials.

[0063] Table 3 Test equipment material configuration table

[0064]

[0065] After the test, waterproofing operations are carried out. Specifically, multiple lines of defense and structural construction can be set up, such as: Line of Defense 1: Structural adhesive is poured into the anchor hole, and the affinity of the structural adhesive is used to repair the damaged original roof waterproofing structure. Line of Defense 2: Fill the lower part of the steel lintel with structural adhesive for waterproofing. By applying structural adhesive on the contact surface between the lower part of the steel and the roof, flexible waterproofing is formed in the gap between the steel and the roof. Line of Defense 3: Waterproof interface agent is applied between the lower part of the lintel protection concrete structure and the roof to form a waterproof line of defense. Line of Defense 4: The self-waterproofing function formed by the lintel protection structure concrete is increased. At the same time, a waterproof coating is applied to the floor surface after the lintel protection concrete is formed as waterproof redundancy. Lintel protection structure construction: The lintel structure is protected by the formwork method. Before the formwork is installed, the roof below the lintel structure is cleaned and a layer of interface agent is applied to increase the bonding performance between the roof and the lintel and improve the self-waterproof function of the concrete structure. The protection structure is set according to the cross-section of the steel section. In principle, the thickness of the steel protection layer is increased by 3cm in all directions compared to the external dimensions of the steel section. For example, if the width of the steel section is L1 and the height is H1, the lintel protection structure size is L1+3+3cm wide and H1+3cm high. Anti-cracking steel wire mesh is set on the lintel surface layer, and the concrete is made of acrylic latex fine stone concrete to reduce the shrinkage gap of the concrete. Finally, a waterproof coating is applied to the junction of the concrete and the roof after the formwork is removed.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Based on the pull-out test method provided in Example 1, combined with Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a pull-out test device for the anchor structure of a photovoltaic support, including an anchor plate 8, a top support plate 1, a jack 2, a pressure gauge 3, a pressure pump 5 and an anchor 7. The anchor 7 is installed on the anchor plate 8. The anchor plate 8 and the top support plate 1 are connected by a pull plate 9, and the top support plate 1 is also connected to the upper end of the jack 2. The lower end of the jack 2 is connected to the pressure pump 5 through a hydraulic pipeline 6, and a one-way to two-way interface 4 is also installed at one end of the hydraulic pipeline 6, wherein a hydraulic pipeline 6 is installed at each end of the two-way interface to connect two hydraulic jacks 2 respectively, and a pressure gauge 3 is installed on the pressure pump 5. The pressure pump 5 is used to give force and the pressure gauge 3 is used to monitor the pressure condition to realize the analysis of the pull-out test data, which has a simple structure, is fast and efficient.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field do not deviate from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure, characterized in that: A pull-out test device for the anchor structure of a photovoltaic support is used, which includes an anchor plate, a top support plate, two jacks, a pressure gauge, a pressure pump and anchor nails. The anchor nails are installed on the anchor plate. The anchor plate and the top support plate are connected by a pull plate, and the top support plate is also connected to the upper end of the jack. The lower end of the jack is connected to the pressure pump through a hydraulic pipeline, and a pressure gauge is installed on the pressure pump. The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: making an anchor plate; Step S2: making a pull plate; Among them, the pulling plate production process is as follows: according to the jack height L 千斤顶 And stroke length L 行程 To set the pull plate length L 拉板 :L 拉板 =L 千斤顶 +L 行程 / 2; the same bracket support plate is used to cut into pull plates in blocks, and the width of the pull plate is: bracket support plate / 3; Step S3: connecting the anchor plate and the top support plate; The connection process is as follows: the anchor plate and the top support plate are connected by a pull plate, and the connection port is welded on both sides. When the top support plate and the pull plate are welded, the top support plate is rotated 45° relative to the plane of the anchor plate. Step S4: installing anchor water stop; Step S5: installing the anchor plate; Before making the anchor plate, the pull-out force is calculated first, and the calculation process is as follows: According to the most unfavorable inclination angle and the support design structure diagram, the support support reaction force is calculated by modeling. The modeling process is as follows: the steel structure model of the photovoltaic support is established using PKPM software, load information is added to the software, and the reaction force information of the support node is obtained after calculation. According to the jack diameter and the pressure dial scale, the pull-out force of each bolt is calculated; Step S6: Install the jack, hydraulic pipeline and pressure gauge; Step S7: pressurizing to the calculated pressure; The pressure-pressing process is as follows: manually pressurize to 4.28MPa first fast and then slowly. During the pressure-pressing process, observe the deformation of the contact between the jack and the floor surface and the deformation of the supporting top plate. The pressure calculation process is as follows: the pressure is calculated by software modeling and the support support reaction force is calculated; the field test first applies pressure to the hydraulic pressure calculated according to the software results, and after observing that there is no abnormal deformation, slowly pressurizes to 9.5Mpa hydraulic pressure. In this process, the pressure can be stopped if the support top plate is deformed or the pressure is increased to 9.5Mpa; if the pressure is increased to 9.5Mpa and there is no obvious deformation of the structure, the structure meets the stability requirements; Among them, after the software analysis, it will be shown that the support reaction force at a certain point is the largest. This is the most unfavorable working condition. According to the formula p=F / A, it is deduced that in order to achieve the maximum support reaction force in the software, the hydraulic pressure that the jack needs to provide in the pull-out test is calculated, and then the most unfavorable load is determined, where p is the pressure, F is the total pressure acting on area A, and A is the area of ​​action of F; Step S8: overpressure treatment: wherein the overpressure treatment process is: slowly increase the pressure to the set pressure, during the pressure increase process, observe the contact deformation between the jack and the floor surface and the deformation of the top plate, and terminate the pressure according to the pressure condition and the principle of double control of deformation; Step S9: End the test.

2. A pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the anchor plate manufacturing process is as follows: Use the bracket support as the anchor plate, set the drill holes on the anchor plate according to the drilling positions, apply dye on the hole mouth of the anchor plate after drilling, cover the plate to form an imprint, and drill a hole in the center of the imprint.

3. A pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation process of anchor water-stop is as follows: after cleaning the hole, inject waterproof sealant into the anchor hole with a gun, and the injection amount is the flat hole opening on the top surface of the colloid; insert the expansion bolt into the hole, and use a hammer to hit the bolt and expansion tube to the bottom of the hole, and tighten the nut with a wrench to expand the bolt, expansion tube, mounting parts and beam body into one.

4. A pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the anchor plate installation process is as follows: Remove the expansion bolts and nuts, align the holes of the anchor plate with the bolts and place them on the plate surface, tighten the screws extending out of the anchor plate with the bolts to complete the installation of the lower anchor plate.

5. A pull-out test method for a photovoltaic support anchor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the installation process of the jack, hydraulic pipeline and pressure gauge is as follows: A seismic-resistant pressure gauge with a measuring range of 100MPa is installed at the pressure delivery end of the pressure pump and connected to a hydraulic pipeline; a one-way to two-way interface is installed at one end of the hydraulic pipeline, and a hydraulic pipeline is installed at each end of the two-way interface to connect two hydraulic jacks respectively; the jacks are installed on both sides of the anchor plate and the pull plate, with the lower part supported on the floor surface and the upper part located at the two corners of the support top plate, and the strokes of the two jacks are adjusted to the same position.

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