A geometric tolerance analysis model for radial gates based on comprehensive adjustment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of radial gate installation technology and fault diagnosis, and specifically to a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment. The model integrates the posture adjustment of multiple embedded parts to solve the center line of the orifice, takes the intersection of the connecting line of the left and right hinge shaft centers and the center line of the orifice as the coordinate origin, points downstream along the center line of the orifice as the Y axis, and vertically upward as the Z axis. The right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the X axis, thereby establishing a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis coordinate system, wherein the absolute value of the X coordinate represents the distance from the center line of the orifice, the Y coordinate represents the mileage value, and the Z coordinate represents the elevation value. The radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model of the present invention can accurately reproduce the center line of the orifice, and intuitively and efficiently analyze the geometric tolerances of each embedded part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of radial gate installation technology and fault analysis, and in particular to a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment. Background Art

[0002] The radial gate is a gate that rotates around a horizontal axis when opening and closing, and the water retaining surface is a cylindrical surface. The design of the support hinge on the rotating axis prevents the moment caused by the static force of the water body and significantly reduces the load of the opening and closing device; therefore, since its introduction in the 1880s, it has been widely used in water conservancy hubs around the world, and plays a key role in flood discharge and water storage. The hydraulic pump station, as the power oil source, pushes and pulls the piston rod to move telescopically with the support surface as the end point, and drives the gate to move along the side rail with the center line of the support hinge axis as the rotation axis, so as to realize the opening and closing of the gate. Therefore, in order to ensure smooth opening and closing, it is necessary to accurately lay out the center line of the orifice and the elevation surface of the bottom sill of the radial gate, and measure and analyze the mileage value, elevation value and relative spatial relationship between the side rail, bottom sill, radial gate support hinge and cylinder support hinge.

[0003] Limited by the complex measurement objects and the narrow high-drop measurement space, it is very difficult to ensure the installation accuracy of millimeters. Taking the control method of the curvature radius as an example, during the factory inspection, a steel wire is suspended through the center of the shaft hole of the left and right movable hinges. After strictly controlling the center position and horizontality of the steel wire, it is used as the reference line for measuring the curvature radius; then the distance from both sides of the panel to the reference line is measured with a steel tape measure as the curvature radius of the arc gate; when assembling large arc gates horizontally (i.e. flipping 90° under normal working conditions), the reference line in the plumb state is easier to control, making the measurement reference of the curvature radius more accurate. Therefore, manufacturers currently measure the curvature radius by measuring the distance with a ruler. During the installation on the project site, the center of the support hinge axis is laid out on the left and right side walls, and a steel wire is suspended between the layout points. According to the design value of the curvature radius and the experience value of welding shrinkage, the positioning points of each section of the panel are laid out on the side guide wheel plate, and then the installation of each section of the panel is completed according to the positioning points.

[0004] In general, the current measurement methods for the radius of curvature of arc gates are mostly based on steel tape (straight) rulers, chords, levels or theodolites. After controlling the assembly state or spatial posture of the arc gate, the geometric dimensions and spatial related positions are measured by laying out multiple types of reference lines or reference surfaces. This has the following disadvantages: (1) In terms of accuracy, the error of steel tape extension and extension and the error of hanging length are not easy to evaluate when the ruler is suspended over a long distance, and the measurement accuracy needs to be improved. (2) In terms of efficiency, each detection parameter requires multiple projections and conversions of the reference, which is inefficient; (3) In terms of scope, it is impossible to establish a connection between each detection, and there is a lack of analysis of the overall installation quality of the gate body; (4) In terms of timeliness, some parameters cannot be checked after the gate body is installed.

[0005] Based on the drawbacks of the radial gate geometric control method, in 2000, Wu Xinfang took the lead in introducing the dual theodolite measurement system into the geometric measurement of radial gates, and began to propose a set of systematic data analysis methods, which greatly promoted the application of coordinate measurement technology in the curvature radius and geometric dimensions of radial gates.

[0006] Due to the lack of ability to lay out spatial surfaces in engineering, the industry generally refers to the center plane of the orifice as the center line of the orifice, which is a plumb plane parallel to the water flow direction and divides the gate body and embedded parts equally on the left and right. Before installing the arc gate, the center line of the orifice is generally laid out on the gate hole flow surface based on the control point, and then the side rails, water stop plates, arc gate hinges, cylinder hinges and other embedded parts that are symmetrical on the left and right are installed based on the mileage value, offset value (offset value perpendicular to the water flow direction, also known as pile number), and elevation value.

[0007] A large number of engineering situations show that when the geometric dimensions of the arc gate are inspected, the control points of the center line of the orifice are difficult to save due to reasons such as water flow through the flow channel, resulting in the problem that the installation benchmark cannot be reproduced during the operation and maintenance of the arc gate. What is more serious is that during the installation of the arc gate, with the construction of the flow channel bottom plate, the control points are often damaged or covered, which directly affects the installation quality of the embedded parts in the later stage. In this regard, in engineering practice, how to accurately reproduce the center line of the orifice is the key to the installation and geometric tolerance analysis of the arc gate.

[0008] According to the installation process, after the center line of the orifice is determined, the spatial position of each embedded part is determined according to its mileage value and offset value. In actual engineering, if the embedded parts are installed, the center line of the orifice can be reproduced according to the installation position of some embedded parts in theory. However, considering the installation and measurement errors, in order to more accurately solve the center line of the orifice, all embedded parts are generally observed, resulting in the problem of redundant observation when solving the center line of the orifice. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment, which can accurately reproduce the center line of the orifice and intuitively and efficiently analyze the geometric tolerance of each embedded part.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0011] A radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment is established through the following steps:

[0012] S1. Determine the adjustment value of the hole centerline and the three-dimensional coordinates of the embedded parts by comprehensive adjustment method;

[0013] S2. Establish a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on the solution of the adjustment value of the orifice centerline and the embedded three-dimensional coordinates; specifically:

[0014] The intersection of the left and right hinge axis centers after adjustment and the center line of the orifice is point 0, point O is the coordinate origin, the Y axis is pointing downstream along the center line of the orifice, and the Z axis is vertically upward. The right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the X axis to establish the radial gate geometric tolerance analysis coordinate system, where the absolute value of the X coordinate represents the distance from the center line of the orifice, the Y coordinate represents the mileage value, and the Z coordinate represents the elevation value.

[0015] Furthermore, the step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0016] Observe the hinge shaft, side rails and bottom sill, and project the measuring points onto the flow channel surface. The center of the left and right hinge shafts is zj1(x1 z , y1 z ) and zj2(x2 z , y2 z ), connect zj1 and zj2 and define their center as Ozj(x0 z ,y0 z ); measure a point cg1(x1 on each side of the rail c , y1 c ) and cg2(x2 c , y2 c ), connect the two points and take the midpoint as Ocg(x0 c ,y0 c );Measure each point dk1(x1 on the center line of the bottom sill d , y1 d ) and dk2(x2 d , y2 d );

[0017] As shown in formula (1), the center line of the orifice is expressed as an arbitrary straight line:

[0018] k(xm)+(yn)=0 (1)

[0019] In the formula, x, y represent any point on the center line of the orifice; m, n represent a point on the center line of the orifice, and k represents the opposite number of the slope of the center line of the orifice;

[0020] According to the geometric relationship between each embedded part and the center line of the orifice, the center line of the orifice is solved by conditional adjustment with unknown parameters.

[0021] Solve the observation equation shown in formula (2):

[0022]

[0023] As shown in formula (3), the embedded observation value and the hole centerline parameters are defined as follows:

[0024]

[0025] In formula (3), L 0 and v represent the true value, initial value and residual value of the embedded observation value. x 0 and Indicates the true value, initial value and correction number of the orifice centerline parameter;

[0026] Perform a first-order Taylor expansion on each equation in equation (2) and establish a set of conditional equations with unknown parameters, as shown in equation (4):

[0027]

[0028] Where A, B, and f are as shown in equations (5) to (6):

[0029]

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, A and B represent the corresponding coefficient matrices; f is a column matrix, representing a constant matrix; Q is the weight matrix of the observation value;

[0033] As shown in formula (8), the orifice centerline parameter correction number is solved as And the residual value v of the observed value:

[0034]

[0035] In formula (8), Q is the cofactor matrix of the observed value, which is determined according to the observation conditions; Q is the weight matrix of the observed value; T represents the transpose of the matrix; Substituting the residual value v back into formula (3), we can get the adjustment value of the hole centerline and the embedded part's three-dimensional coordinates.

[0036] It is worth noting that when the radial gate is installed, if the embedded parts are not installed completely, the center line of the orifice has been damaged, or some embedded parts cannot be observed, the conditions for the application of the comprehensive adjustment method are not met. In this case, the model can be simplified and the center line of the orifice can be determined directly based on the radial gate hinge and side rail; specifically:

[0037] When determining the center line of the orifice based on the left and right hinge centers of the arc door, firstly, the center points A, B, C, and D of the two hinge end faces must be measured, and the left and right hinge centers are calculated as O1 and O2 through the end face centers. Connect O1 and O2 to define their center as O Z , then O ZProject it onto the horizontal plane where the bottom sill is located, define the projection point as point O, project the center O1 of the right hinge axis onto the horizontal plane where the bottom sill is located, and define the projection point as point Ox; at this time, establish a geometric tolerance analysis model of the arc door based on the center planes of the left and right hinge axes, in which point O is the coordinate origin, the direction pointing to point Ox is the X-axis, the direction pointing to point Oz is the Z-axis, and the right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the Y-axis, which is the direction of the centerline of the orifice.

[0038] When determining the center line of the hole based on the left and right side rails, it is necessary to first calculate the center points A, B, C, D and centers O1 and O2 of the end faces of the two hinge shafts, obtain point O after taking the center projection, and then measure a point cg1 and cg2 on the left and right side rail surfaces respectively, connect the two points and take the midpoint as cgY, and project point cgY to the horizontal plane of the bottom sill as point Ocg; at this time, take point O as the coordinate origin, connect Ocg pointing downstream as the Y axis, point Oz as the Z axis, and use the right-hand system to determine the direction of the X axis. In this way, a geometric tolerance analysis model of the arc door based on the center of the left and right side rails is established.

[0039] The present invention comprehensively considers the geometric relationship between each embedded part and the center line of the orifice, and based on the conditional adjustment theory with parameters, realizes the accurate solution of the center line of the orifice; and according to the spatial structure of the radial gate, a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis coordinate system with a specific meaning is established, which provides an accurate, efficient and intuitive analysis model for the geometric tolerance analysis of the radial gate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 This is the projection diagram of the flow channel surface at the measuring point.

[0042] Figure 2 It is the coordinate system for geometric tolerance analysis of radial gates.

[0043] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of determining the center line of the hole for the left and right support hinge centers.

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of determining the centerline of the hole for the center of the left and right side rails. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] 1. Comprehensive adjustment method to determine the adjustment value of the hole center line and embedded parts three-dimensional coordinates

[0047] The present invention introduces the measurement adjustment theory, and proposes a method for solving the center line of the orifice based on the comprehensive adjustment method by comprehensively considering the geometric relationship between each embedded part and the center line of the orifice and adding the principle of minimum comprehensive deviation of each embedded part. Specifically:

[0048] Observe the hinge shaft, side rails and sill, and project the measurement points onto the flow channel surface. Figure 1 The center of the left and right hinges in the figure is zj1(x1 z , y1 z ) and zj2(x2 z , y2 z ), connect zj1 and zj2 and define their center as Ozj(x0 z ,y0 z ); measure a point cg1(x1 on each side of the rail c , y1 c ) and cg2(x2 c , y2 c ), connect the two points and take the midpoint as Ocg(x0 c ,y0 c );Measure each point dk1(x1 on the center line of the bottom sill d , y1 d ) and dk2(x2 d , y2 d ).

[0049] As shown in formula (1), the center line of the orifice can be expressed as an arbitrary straight line:

[0050] k(xm)+(yn)=0 (1)

[0051] According to the geometric relationship between each embedded part and the center line of the orifice, the center line of the orifice can be solved based on the conditional adjustment with unknown parameters. The observation equation is shown in formula (2):

[0052]

[0053] When solving equation (2), as shown in equation (3), the embedded observation value and the hole centerline parameters are defined as follows:

[0054]

[0055] In formula (3), L 0 and v represent the true value, initial value and residual value of the embedded observation value. x 0 and Represents the true value, initial value and correction number of the orifice centerline parameter. Performing a first-order Taylor expansion on each equation in equation (2) can establish a set of conditional equations with unknown parameters, as shown in equation (4):

[0056]

[0057] Where A, B, and f are as shown in equations (5) to (6):

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, A and B represent the corresponding coefficient matrices; f is a column matrix, representing a constant matrix; Q is the weight matrix of the observation value;

[0062] As shown in formula (8), the correction factor of the orifice centerline parameter can be solved: The residual value v of the observed value

[0063]

[0064] In formula (8), Q is the cofactor matrix of the observed value, which is determined according to the observation conditions; Q is the weight matrix of the observed value; T represents the transpose of the matrix; Substituting the residual value v back into formula (3), we can get the adjustment value of the hole centerline and the embedded part's three-dimensional coordinates.

[0065] 2. Geometric tolerance analysis model of radial gate based on comprehensive adjustment

[0066] After solving the adjustment values ​​of the orifice centerline and the embedded parts' three-dimensional coordinates, a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model with specific meaning can be established.

[0067] 2.1 Model establishment

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the intersection point of the left and right hinge shaft centers after adjustment and the center line of the orifice is O, and point O is the coordinate origin. The Y axis is pointing downstream along the center line of the orifice, and the Z axis is vertically upward. The right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the X axis, so as to establish the coordinate system for geometric tolerance analysis of the radial gate.

[0069] This analysis coordinate system conforms to the spatial structural characteristics of the radial gate, and its coordinate dimensions have specific meanings: the absolute value of the X coordinate represents the distance from the center line of the orifice, the Y coordinate represents the mileage value, and the Z coordinate represents the elevation value. Accurately obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the edge or center of each embedded part under this coordinate can intuitively, efficiently, and comprehensively analyze the spatial relationship of each structure in the mileage direction, elevation direction, and vertical water flow direction, creating a basis for the overall analysis of the geometric tolerance of the radial gate.

[0070] 2.2 Geometric tolerance analysis

[0071] By determining the center line of the hole, the coordinates of each embedded part in the geometric tolerance analysis coordinate system can be measured, thereby enabling efficient and intuitive embedded part geometric tolerance analysis. For the more critical inclination, coaxiality, side rails and panel curvature radius, there are the following calculation methods:

[0072] (1) Taking the left support hinge as an example, the calculation formula for the inclination K is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Where Y A , Y B is the measured mileage value of the center of the two end surfaces of the left hinge shaft, Z A , Z B is the measured elevation value of the center of the two end surfaces of the left hinge shaft, and L is the length of the hinge shaft.

[0075] (2) The calculation formula for coaxiality M is:

[0076]

[0077] Where Y i , Z i Y0 and Z0 are the measured mileage and elevation values ​​of the center of the left and right hinge shaft end faces. Y0 and Z0 are the designed mileage and elevation values ​​of point O on the hinge shaft center line.

[0078] (3) For the curvature radius of the center line of the side rail and the center line of the water stop plate, it is necessary to measure the coordinates of a point on the center line and then calculate the distance from the point to the straight line O1O2; for the curvature radius of the panel, it is necessary to measure the coordinates of a point on the inside of the panel and then calculate the distance from the point to the straight line O1O2.

[0079] (4) The mileage and elevation values ​​of the hinge axis center are the mileage and elevation coordinates of O1 and O2; the mileage and elevation values ​​of the sill center are the mileage and elevation values ​​of the midpoint of the sill centerline.

[0080] 2.3 Two ways to simplify the model

[0081] When installing the radial gate, there are situations where the embedded parts have not been installed completely, the center line of the orifice has been destroyed, and some embedded parts cannot be observed. At this time, there are only necessary observation values, and the conditions for the application of the comprehensive adjustment method are not met. Therefore, the model can be simplified and the center line of the orifice can be determined directly based on the radial gate support hinge and side rails.

[0082] (1) The center line of the hole is determined by the center of the left and right hinges

[0083] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the centers of the two hinge end faces A, B, C, and D are measured, and the centers of the left and right hinges are calculated as O1 and O2 through the centers of the end faces. Connect O1 and O2 to define their centers as O Z , O Z Project it onto the horizontal plane where the bottom sill is located, define the projection point as point O, project the center of the right hinge axis O1 onto the horizontal plane where the bottom sill is located, and define the projection point as point Ox. At this point, a geometric tolerance analysis model of the arc door based on the center plane of the left and right hinge axes can be established, where point O is the origin of the coordinates, the X axis points to point Ox, the Z axis points to point Oz, and the right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the Y axis, which is the direction of the center line of the orifice.

[0084] (2) The left and right side rails determine the center line of the hole

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, the centers A, B, C, D and centers O1 and O2 of the two hinge shaft end faces are also measured, and point O is obtained after taking the center projection. Then measure a point cg1 and cg2 on the left and right side rail surfaces, connect the two points and take the midpoint as cgY, and project point cgY to the bottom sill horizontal plane as point Ocg. At this time, take point O as the coordinate origin, connect Ocg pointing downstream as the Y axis, point Oz as the Z axis, and use the right-hand system to determine the direction of the X axis. In this way, the arc door geometric tolerance analysis model based on the center of the left and right side rails is established.

[0086] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment, characterized by: The radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model is established through the following steps: S1. Determine the adjustment value of the hole center line and the three-dimensional coordinates of the embedded parts by comprehensive adjustment method; the specific steps are: Observe the hinge shaft, side rails and bottom sill, and project the measuring points onto the flow channel surface. The center of the left and right hinge shafts is zj1(x1 z , y1 z ) and zj2(x2 z , y2 z ), connect zj1 and zj2 and define their center as Ozj(x0 z ,y0 z ); measure a point cg1(x1 on each side of the rail c , y1 c ) and cg2(x2 c , y2 c ), connect the two points and take the midpoint as Ocg(x0 c ,y0 c );Measure each point dk1(x1 on the center line of the bottom sill d , y1 d ) and dk2(x2 d , y2 d ); As shown in formula (1), the center line of the orifice is expressed as an arbitrary straight line: k(xm)+(yn)=0 (1) In the formula, x, y represent any point on the center line of the orifice; m, n represent a point on the center line of the orifice, and k represents the opposite number of the slope of the center line of the orifice; According to the geometric relationship between each embedded part and the center line of the orifice, the center line of the orifice is solved by conditional adjustment with unknown parameters. Solve the observation equation shown in formula (2): As shown in formula (3), the embedded observation value and the hole centerline parameters are defined as follows: In formula (3), L 0 and v represent the true value, initial value and residual value of the embedded observation value. x 0 and Indicates the true value, initial value and correction number of the orifice centerline parameter; Perform a first-order Taylor expansion on each equation in equation (2) and establish a set of conditional equations with unknown parameters, as shown in equation (4): Where A, B, and f are as shown in equations (5) to (6): In the formula, A and B represent the corresponding coefficient matrices; f is a column matrix, representing the constant matrix; Q is the cofactor matrix of the observed values; As shown in formula (8), the orifice centerline parameter correction number is solved as The residual value v of the observed value In formula (8), Q is the cofactor matrix of the observed value, which is determined according to the observation conditions; T represents the transpose of the matrix; Substitute the residual value v back into formula (3) to obtain the adjustment value of the hole center line and the embedded part's three-dimensional coordinates; S2. Establish a radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on the solution of the adjustment value of the orifice centerline and the embedded three-dimensional coordinates; specifically: The intersection of the left and right hinge shaft centers after adjustment and the center line of the orifice is taken as point 0. Point 0 is taken as the coordinate origin. The Y axis is pointing downstream along the center line of the orifice, and the Z axis is vertically upward. The right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the X axis to establish the coordinate system for geometric tolerance analysis of the radial gate. The absolute value of the X coordinate represents the distance from the center line of the orifice, the Y coordinate represents the mileage value, and the Z coordinate represents the elevation value.

2. A radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When installing the radial gate, if there are situations where the embedded parts have not been installed completely, the center line of the orifice has been damaged, and some embedded parts cannot be observed, the center line of the orifice is determined directly based on the radial gate support hinges and side rails.

3. A radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: When determining the center line of the orifice based on the left and right hinge centers of the arc door, firstly, the center points A, B, C, and D of the two hinge end faces must be measured, and the left and right hinge centers are calculated as O1 and O2 through the end face centers. Connect O1 and O2 to define their center as O Z , then O Z Project it onto the horizontal plane where the bottom sill is located, define the projection point as point 0, project the center of the right hinge axis O1 onto the horizontal plane where the bottom sill is located, and define the projection point as point Ox; at this time, establish a geometric tolerance analysis model of the arc door based on the center planes of the left and right hinge axes, in which point 0 is the coordinate origin, the direction pointing to point Ox is the X-axis, the direction pointing to point Oz is the Z-axis, and the right-hand system is used to determine the direction of the Y-axis, which is the direction of the centerline of the orifice.

4. A radial gate geometric tolerance analysis model based on comprehensive adjustment as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: When determining the center line of the hole based on the left and right side rails, it is necessary to first calculate the center points A, B, C, D and centers O1 and O2 of the end faces of the two hinge shafts, obtain point 0 after taking the center projection, and then measure a point cg1 and cg2 on the left and right side rail surfaces respectively, connect the two points and take the midpoint as cgY, and project point cgY to the horizontal plane of the bottom sill as point Ocg; at this time, take point O as the coordinate origin, connect Ocg pointing downstream as the Y axis, point Oz as the Z axis, and use the right-hand system to determine the direction of the X axis. In this way, a geometric tolerance analysis model of the arc door based on the center of the left and right side rails is established.

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