Synthesis method of hollow gourd-shaped ptse2 / nise2 heterojunction nanowire and application thereof in hydrogen production by electrolysis of seawater

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, and particularly relates to a synthesis method of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires and application of the nanowires to hydrogen production by electrolysis of seawater. The application first prepares one-dimensional PtNi gourd-shaped nanowires with efficient electron transmission characteristics of one-dimensional materials through high-temperature oil bath, then makes the nanowires have a hollow structure through nitric acid etching to expose more active sites and simultaneously enhance the material transmission in electrode reaction, and finally forms PtSe2 / NiSe2 semiconductor heterojunction by high-temperature selenization of the obtained hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires to further improve the electronic structure of the material and enhance the electrocatalytic activity and seawater corrosion resistance of the material. The application of the synthesized hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires to hydrogen production by electrolysis of seawater not only exhibits more excellent catalytic activity, but also has higher stability, and is expected to be applied to industrialized large-scale hydrogen production by electrolysis of seawater.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen production technology through water electrolysis, specifically relating to a method for synthesizing hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires and their application in hydrogen production through seawater electrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] In the current energy structure, the development and application of renewable energy has increasingly become a global research hotspot. Hydrogen is considered one of the most ideal clean energy sources because its combustion product is only water, causing almost no environmental pollution. Currently, water electrolysis to produce hydrogen is considered one of the effective ways to obtain hydrogen energy, and seawater, being the most abundant water source and natural electrolyte on Earth, is very suitable for large-scale hydrogen electrolysis. However, the complex ionic environment of seawater, especially the abundant chloride ions (Cl-), presents challenges. - These substances easily adsorb onto the surface of the metal electrode (M), causing corrosion (Equations 1-3) and leading to a sharp decline in the performance of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production. Therefore, developing highly active electrocatalysts resistant to seawater corrosion is crucial for achieving efficient and stable large-scale industrial hydrogen production.

[0003] M+Cl - →MCl ads +e - (1)

[0004] MCl ads +Cl - →MCl x (2)

[0005] MCl x +OH - →M(OH) x +Cl - (3)

[0006] Platinum-nickel (PtNi) alloy nanomaterials exhibit highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in the cathode of water electrolysis. This is because PtNi possesses a near-zero hydrogen adsorption energy, ensuring that its hydrogen adsorption is neither too strong nor too weak, which is beneficial for the adsorption / desorption process during water electrolysis. Therefore, it is considered one of the best-performing HER catalysts. However, the low stability of PtNi nanomaterials is a major obstacle to their widespread application. To address this issue, developing hollow gourd-shaped nanowire structures is one method for constructing high-performance nanomaterials. This is because one-dimensional nanowire structures can expose more active sites, exhibiting highly efficient electron transport properties, and the hollow gourd-shaped structure facilitates mass transport during the electrode reaction, effectively enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of the material. Furthermore, selenizing PtNi alloys with selenium (Se) to form PtSe2 or NiSe2 can effectively improve the electronic structure of the metal, enhance the dissociation kinetics of water molecules during HER, and improve the electrocatalytic activity of the material. Moreover, PtSe2 or NiSe2, as semiconductors, possesses excellent structural stability and can effectively resist chloride ion corrosion, further enhancing the electrocatalytic stability of the material. Therefore, developing selenized hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires can effectively improve HER performance and is expected to enable efficient and large-scale seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0007] Currently, while there are some studies on metal selenides as HER catalysts, there are no reports on PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterostructures. This is likely because of the large redox potential difference between Pt (oxidation potential -1.79V) and Ni (oxidation potential +0.25V), making it difficult to synthesize PtSe2 and NiSe2 simultaneously. Synthesizing heterostructures could combine the advantages of both materials, achieving strong interactions between the components and enhancing electron transport, potentially further improving the catalytic performance of the material.

[0008] In summary, if the design and synthesis of selenized hollow gourd-shaped PtNi heterojunction nanowires can be achieved, it is expected that they can effectively resist seawater corrosion and improve the performance of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention proposes a method for synthesizing hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires. The synthesized PtSe2 / NiSe2 semiconductor heterojunction nanomaterials have highly active electrolytic hydrogen production performance and seawater corrosion resistance, effectively resisting seawater corrosion and improving the performance of electrolytic hydrogen production, which is expected to realize the application of efficient and large-scale electrolytic hydrogen production from seawater.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for synthesizing hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Platinum acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and glucose were dissolved in oleylamine, mixed and reacted in a high-temperature oil bath. After the reaction, nitric acid was added and allowed to stand for a period of time. After centrifugation, washing and drying, hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires were obtained.

[0013] S2. The hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires and selenium powder from step S1 are placed downstream and upstream of the gas in a tube furnace, respectively, and after high-temperature selenization reaction, hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires are formed.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the high-temperature selenization reaction is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, the reaction temperature is 300-500℃, the reaction time is 0.5-3h, and the heating rate is 4-6℃·min. -1 .

[0015] This invention first prepares hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires using a high-temperature oil bath reaction, and then uses a high-temperature selenization reaction to simultaneously convert Pt and Ni into PtSe2 and NiSe2 by controlling the reaction temperature, thus obtaining hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires. The resulting material simultaneously possesses the morphological characteristics of hollow gourd-shaped nanowires, selenization characteristics, and heterojunction characteristics.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of the hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires to selenium powder is 1:(30-100).

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the molar ratio of platinum acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and glucose is 3:1:(20-60):(10-20).

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the concentration of platinum acetylacetone in oleylamine is 0.1 mmol / 10-50 mL.

[0019] Preferably, in step S1, the temperature of the high-temperature oil bath reaction is 160-200℃, and the time is 4-6 hours.

[0020] Preferably, in step S1, the concentration of the nitric acid is 7-15 mol·L⁻¹. -1 The volume ratio of nitric acid to oleylamine is 1:10-30.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, the settling time is 0.5-3 hours.

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention provides hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires prepared by the synthesis method described in the first aspect.

[0023] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires described in the second aspect in electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater.

[0024] This invention reveals that, compared to PtSe2 / NiSe2 composite materials prepared through simple mechanical mixing, the prepared PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction material exhibits strong crystal plane bonding, combining the advantages of both selenide semiconductors for water electrolysis. This effectively enhances electron transport between the two components, accelerates the hydrogen evolution reaction, and improves material stability. Therefore, the PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction material prepared by the method of this invention can significantly improve the hydrogen evolution performance of seawater electrolysis and holds promise for large-scale industrial-scale seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] This invention discloses a method for synthesizing hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires. First, one-dimensional PtNi gourd-shaped nanowires with efficient electron transport characteristics are prepared via a high-temperature oil bath. Then, nitric acid etching is used to create a hollow structure, exposing more active sites and enhancing mass transport in the electrode reaction. Finally, the resulting hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires are subjected to high-temperature selenization to form a PtSe2 / NiSe2 semiconductor heterojunction, further improving the material's electronic structure and enhancing its electrocatalytic activity and resistance to seawater corrosion. Compared with mechanically mixed commercial PtSe2 / NiSe2 materials, Se-doped PtNi alloys, unselenized PtNi alloys, and currently used commercial Pt / C materials as benchmark catalysts, the hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires synthesized in this invention exhibit not only superior catalytic activity but also higher stability when applied to seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, showing promise for large-scale industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 Scanning electron microscope image of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires;

[0028] Figure 2 Transmission electron microscopy image of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) energy-dispersive surface scan of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires.

[0030] Figure 4 XRD patterns of Se-doped hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires prepared for PtNi nanowires and Comparative Example 1.

[0031] Figure 5 The XRD patterns of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared at different selenization temperatures in Examples 1-3 and mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 prepared in Comparative Example 2 are shown.

[0032] Figure 6 HER linear sweep voltammetry curves for hydrogen production from seawater by electrolysis of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires, hollow gourd-shaped PtNi alloy nanowires, Se-doped hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 powders, and commercial Pt / C catalysts.

[0033] Figure 7 The conversion frequency diagrams are for hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires, hollow gourd-shaped PtNi alloy nanowires, Se-doped hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 powders, and commercial Pt / C catalysts for hydrogen production by electrolysis of seawater.

[0034] Figure 8 Stability diagrams for hydrogen production from seawater by electrolysis using hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires, hollow gourd-shaped PtNi alloy nanowires, Se-doped hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 powder, and commercial Pt / C catalysts. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the experimental materials used in the following embodiments are all available through conventional commercial channels.

[0037] Example 1: Preparation of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires (300℃)

[0038] (1) Preparation of hollow gourd-shaped PtNi alloy nanowires:

[0039] Add 39.3 mg (0.1 mmol) platinum acetylacetonate, 8.6 mg (0.33 mmol) nickel acetylacetonate, 128 mg cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, 240 mg glucose, and 20 mL oleylamine to a 50 mL round-bottom flask. Sonicate the reagents for 1 hour using a 1200 W sonicator to form a homogeneous solution. Then, place the flask in an oil bath at 180 °C for 5 hours. After the reaction is complete, remove the flask and cool it to room temperature. Then add 1 mL of nitric acid solution (10 mol·L⁻¹). -1 After standing for 1 hour, the liquid in the flask was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes. The precipitate at the bottom was collected and washed with a mixture of ethanol / n-hexane (volume ratio 1:1). The centrifugation and washing were repeated twice. The precipitate was then dried in an oven at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain hollow gourd-shaped PtNi alloy nanowires (referred to as PtNi nanowires).

[0040] (2) High-temperature selenization:

[0041] The hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowire powder (20 mg) obtained in step (1) was placed in an alumina boat and positioned downstream of the gas in a tube furnace; simultaneously, 1 g of selenium powder was placed in another alumina boat and positioned upstream of the gas in the tube furnace. The temperature of the tube furnace was then increased from room temperature to 300 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min. -1 It is then kept at 300℃ for 1 hour, during which time the protective gas (argon or nitrogen) is kept in a smooth flow (flow rate of 100 mL / min). -1 Hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires (referred to as PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires) were obtained.

[0042] Example 2: Preparation of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires (400℃)

[0043] The preparation method of Example 2 is similar to that of Example 1, except that the selenization temperature in step (2) is adjusted to 400°C, while the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0044] Example 3: Preparation of hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires (500℃)

[0045] The preparation method of Example 3 is similar to that of Example 1, except that the selenization temperature in step (2) is adjusted to 500°C, while the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of Se-doped hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires

[0047] The preparation method of Se-doped hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowires (referred to as Se-PtNi nanowires) is similar to that in Example 1, except that the selenization temperature in step (2) is adjusted to 250°C, while the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0048] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 powders

[0049] 20 mg of commercial PtSe2 powder (Shanghai Jingkang Bioengineering Co., Ltd.) and 20 mg of commercial NiSe2 powder (Xi'an Ruixi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) were placed in a mortar and ground and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 powder (hereinafter referred to as mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2).

[0050] Experimental Example: Characterization of Selenide PtNi Materials and Testing of Hydrogen Production Performance in Water Electrolysis

[0051] (1) Morphology characterization of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires

[0052] The PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared in the examples were observed using a scanning electron microscope (HITACHI S-4800). The scanning electron microscope images are shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the synthesized PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowire samples exhibit a uniform one-dimensional nanowire morphology, with numerous small nanoparticles arranged in series on the nanowires, resembling a gourd. Simultaneously, the samples prepared in the examples were observed using transmission electron microscopy (FEI Talos), and the TEM images are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, each of the nanoparticles strung together in the PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires is a hollow structure with a diameter of about 10 nm and a shell thickness of about 2 nm, proving that it is a hollow gourd-shaped structure. Figure 2 In the attached figure in the upper left corner, the lattice fringes of 0.272 nm and 0.264 nm correspond to the (101) crystal plane of PtSe2 and the (111) crystal plane of NiSe2, respectively, proving the synthesis of PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction; the lattice fringes of PtSe2 and NiSe2 are fused together, proving the strong bonding between PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction.

[0053] (2) Elemental distribution characterization of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires

[0054] The elemental distribution of the PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared in the examples was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The energy dispersive spectral patterns are shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 a is a scanning transmission electron microscope image of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires. Figure 3bd are the elemental distribution diagrams for Pt, Ni, and Se, respectively. It can be seen that Se is uniformly distributed around Pt and Ni, proving the complete selenization of the PtNi alloy, forming PtSe2 and NiSe2.

[0055] (3) X-ray diffraction characterization of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires

[0056] X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the PtNi nanowires, PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared in the examples, as well as the Se-PtNi nanowires and mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 prepared in the comparative examples, using an X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance). Figure 4 The XRD patterns of PtNi nanowires and Se-PtNi nanowires are shown. Their diffraction peaks are both between Pt (PDF card number: 04-0802) and Ni (PDF card number: 04-0850), confirming that both possess PtNi alloy characteristics. The XRD pattern of the Se-PtNi nanowires shows obvious PtSe2 or NiSe2 diffraction peaks, indicating that selenium is only doped onto the surface of the PtNi alloy and does not form metal selenides. This suggests that a PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction cannot be formed at 250℃. Figure 5 The XRD patterns of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared at different selenization temperatures in Examples 1-3 and mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 prepared in Comparative Example 2 are shown. The diffraction peaks of all samples are consistent with the standard cards of PtSe2 (PDF card number: 18-0970) and NiSe2 (PDF card number: 18-0886), indicating that both PtSe2 and NiSe2 components exist in these samples. Among them, PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared at selenization temperatures of 300℃, 400℃ and 500℃ showed similar XRD patterns, indicating that PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunctions can be prepared within the selenization temperature range of 300 to 500℃. However, the XRD patterns of PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunctions prepared at 400℃ and 500℃, as well as mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2, showed sharper diffraction peaks than those of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared at 300℃, proving that the PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared at 300℃ have smaller particle sizes and therefore lower crystallinity.

[0057] (4) Characterization of the catalytic performance of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowire catalysts

[0058] The HER catalytic performance of seawater electrolysis was tested on the PtNi nanowires and PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires prepared in Example 1, the Se-PtNi nanowires prepared in Comparative Example 1, the mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2 prepared in Comparative Example 2, and a commercial Pt / C catalyst (Shanghai Hesen Electric Co., Ltd., Pt content 20 wt%). Before the test, 5 mg of catalyst and 5 mg of commercial carbon black were dispersed in 1 mL of a mixed solution (0.88 mL isopropanol, 0.1 mL deionized water, and 0.02 mL 5 wt% perfluorosulfonic acid solution) to prepare catalyst ink. The electrochemical workstation used for the electrochemical tests was an Autolab AUT88171, and a three-electrode system was employed. The working electrode was a rotating disk electrode (0.196 cm²) coated with 10 μL of catalyst ink. -2 The counter electrode is a carbon rod, the reference electrode is an Ag / AgCl electrode, and the electrolyte is alkaline seawater (1M KOH). + Seawater was taken from Zhuhai City, China (113.60°E, 22.34°N). The HER test used the linear scanning voltammetry method, with the potential range set to -0.92 to 1.62V, the scan rate at 5mV / s, and the rotation speed of the rotating disk electrode at 1600rpm.

[0059] Linear scanning voltammetry curves are as follows Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The potential in the electrode is converted from that of the Ag / AgCl electrode to that of the standard hydrogen electrode E. RHE The conversion relationship is: E RHE =(E Ag / AgCl +0.197+0.059×pH)V. As can be seen from the figure, PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires consistently exhibit higher current densities than PtNi nanowires, Se-PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2, and commercial Pt / C catalysts at different potentials, demonstrating that PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires possess highly efficient activity for hydrogen production through seawater electrolysis.

[0060] At the same time, Figure 6 The linear sweep voltammetry curves were converted into a hydrogen production conversion efficiency (TOF) graph. The TOF conversion formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where j(n) is the current density (in A·cm) in the linear sweep voltammetry curve. -2 A is the electrode area (0.196 cm²). -2 ), N A For Avogadro's constant (6.02 × 10⁻⁶) 23mol -1 ), n is the number of electrons transferred (for the HER reaction, n = 2), and F is the Faraday constant (96485 C·mol⁻¹). -1 S represents the number of active sites (i.e., the number of Pt atoms in the catalyst, with a Pt loading of 3 μg). To reduce the computational complexity, all Pt atoms are counted as active sites, thus the obtained TOF is the minimum TOF value of the material. Figure 7 a shows the TOF curves of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires, PtNi nanowires, Se-PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2, and commercial Pt / C catalysts. It can be seen that at different potentials, PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires consistently exhibit higher TOF values ​​than PtNi nanowires, Se-PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2, and commercial Pt / C catalysts. Figure 7 b is the TOF value of the catalyst at a potential of -0.07V, from which the PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires (2.93H2 s) can be derived. -1 It exhibited 1.7 times, 1.3 times, 3.6 times, and 3.2 times the strength of PtNi nanowires (1.69H2 s). -1 Se-PtNi nanowires (2.34H2s) -1 Mechanical mixing of PtSe2 / NiSe2 (0.72H2 s) -1 ), and commercial Pt / C catalyst (0.82H2 s) -1 The TOF value of PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires demonstrates that they have high efficiency in electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater.

[0063] Finally, the stability of the catalyst for hydrogen production from seawater was characterized by chronopotential testing. During the 20-hour stability test, compared to PtNi nanowires, Se-PtNi nanowires, mechanically mixed PtSe2 / NiSe2, and commercial Pt / C catalysts, PtSe2 / NiSe2 nanowires consistently required only a smaller potential to drive the electrocatalytic hydrogen production reaction from seawater. Figure 8 This demonstrates that it has high resistance to chloride ion corrosion and high electrocatalytic stability.

[0064] The experimental results above show that, compared with unselenized PtNi alloy materials, selenium-doped PtNi alloy materials, mechanically mixed commercial PtSe2 / NiSe2 materials, and commercial Pt / C materials currently used as benchmark catalysts, PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires not only exhibit superior activity in seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, but also demonstrate higher stability. This high performance reveals the potential of this material for large-scale industrial-scale seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of a hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowire in electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater, characterized in that, The synthesis method of the hollow gourd-shaped PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowire comprises the following steps: S1, dissolve platinum acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and glucose in oleylamine, mix uniformly, then carry out high-temperature oil bath reaction, after reaction, add nitric acid and stand for a period of time, then centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain hollow gourd-shaped PtNi nanowire; S2, placing the hollow gourd-like PtNi nanowires of step S1 and selenium powder in the gas downstream and gas upstream of a tube furnace respectively, and forming hollow gourd-like PtSe2 / NiSe2 heterojunction nanowires after high-temperature selenization reaction; the high-temperature selenization reaction is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, the reaction temperature is 300-500 DEG C, the reaction time is 0.5-3 h, and the heating rate is 4-6 DEG C·min -1 ; the mass ratio of the hollow gourd-like PtNi nanowires to the selenium powder is 1:(30-100).

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the molar ratio of the platinum acetylacetonate, the nickel acetylacetonate, the cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and the glucose is 3:1:(20-60):(10-20).

3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the concentration of the platinum acetylacetonate in the oleylamine is 0.1 mmol / 10-50 mL.

4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the temperature of the high-temperature oil bath reaction is 160-200°C, and the time is 4-6 h.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the concentration of the nitric acid is 7-15 mol·L -1 , and the volume ratio of the nitric acid to the oleylamine is 1:10-30.

6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the standing time is 0.5-3 h.

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