An ecological restoration plant configuration system and method in karst areas based on soil fixation and carbon sequestration

Abstract

The present invention provides a plant configuration system and method for ecological restoration in karst areas based on soil consolidation and carbon sequestration enhancement. Classify ecological restoration projects, assign weights to the soil consolidation ability and carbon sequestration ability of plant species for ecological restoration projects, match plant species that meet the requirements for each region of ecological restoration projects, calculate the plant function target values for ecological restoration project regions and screen corresponding plants, calculate the total comprehensive evaluation value of plants, obtain the recommended values for ecological restoration vegetation configuration, and screen and output the corresponding plants. According to the degree of rocky desertification in the region where the ecological restoration project is located, the present invention rationally configures carbon sequestration plants and soil consolidation plants, and can more specifically select the idea of planting highly efficient carbon sequestration plants and highly efficient soil consolidation plants, which is beneficial to ecological benefits such as climate regulation and soil and water conservation, and greatly improves the scientificity, efficiency and effectiveness of plant configuration for ecological restoration projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration in karst areas, and particularly relates to a plant configuration system and method for ecological restoration in karst areas based on soil fixation and carbon sink enhancement. Background Art

[0002] Enhancing terrestrial carbon sink is considered to be one of the most mature ways to mitigate climate change. "Afforestation" is an effective way to sequester carbon, but relying solely on planting high-carbon sequestration plants cannot maximize the biological carbon sequestration effect. Research shows that by appropriately matching high-carbon sequestration plants, greater carbon sink benefits can be achieved on the basis of ensuring the health, stability and biodiversity of the ecosystem. The southwestern karst area accounts for about 1 / 3 of China's national land area and is one of the typical ecologically fragile areas with the largest contiguous distribution area and the most intense karst development in the world. In karst areas, soil formation is slow, the soil layer is thin and discontinuous, the hydrological process responds rapidly, and it is relatively difficult to recover after vegetation damage. It widely faces environmental geological problems such as rocky desertification, karst collapse, drought and waterlogging, and underground river pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out ecological protection and restoration work in the southwestern karst area.

[0003] In the existing solutions, Document CN116982520A discloses an ecological restoration method for coal gangue piles in karst areas, which repairs the coal gangue in the karst area to eliminate the geological disaster hidden areas of the coal gangue pile and its surrounding areas, levels the coal gangue pile platform, and plants restoration plants in the coal gangue platform area; Document CN116391575A provides a vegetation restoration method for peak cluster depressions in rocky desertification areas, which divides the peak cluster depressions in rocky desertification areas into bare rock areas with no vegetation, high vulnerability and high weathering degree on the upper slope, and adapts different greening species to solve the difficult problem of vegetation greening restoration in peak cluster depressions in rocky desertification areas. However, these solutions cannot be used for high-quality ecological restoration in the southwestern karst area. More critically, how to carry out high-quality, efficient and refined ecological restoration in the southwestern karst area, achieve a double improvement in soil conservation and carbon sequestration capabilities, and enhance the health and biodiversity of fragile ecosystems has become a hot spot and difficulty in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] At least to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a plant configuration system and method for ecological restoration in karst areas based on soil fixation and carbon sink enhancement.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] A plant configuration system for ecological restoration in karst areas based on soil fixation and carbon sink enhancement includes a computer control system. The computer control system includes a storage module, a processing module, and a program stored on the storage module and executable on the processing module. When the processing module executes the program, the following steps are implemented:

[0007] S1, Read the longitude and latitude data of the ecological restoration project, the ecological restoration and reuse planning data, the surrounding environment images captured by drones, as well as the altitude data, soil information data, meteorological data, hydrological data, and plot area data of the ecological restoration area;

[0008] S2, Classify the ecological restoration project. Specifically: When the ecological restoration project is not in a rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a general ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a lightly rocky desertified area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class I ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a moderately rocky desertified area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class II ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a severely rocky desertified area, define this type of ecological restoration project as a Class III ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in an extremely rocky desertified area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class IV ecological restoration project;

[0009] S3, According to the classification results of the obtained ecological restoration project, assign weights to the soil fixation ability and carbon sequestration ability of the plant species of the ecological restoration project respectively; for the general ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A1, and the soil fixation weight is B1; for the Class I ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A2, and the soil fixation weight is B2; for the Class II ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A3, and the soil fixation weight is B3; for the Class III ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A4, and the soil fixation weight is B4; for the Class IV ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A5, and the soil fixation weight is B5; where, A1 < A2 < A3 < A4 < A5, B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B;

[0010] S4, Read the plant data stored in the database. The plant data includes the acquisition cost of the plant, the risk of pests and diseases, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, cold tolerance, salinity tolerance, acidity tolerance, ease of maintenance, plant habit synergy / mutual exclusion information, and plant planting density;

[0011] S5, Combine the information read in step S1 to match the plant species that meet the requirements for each area of the ecological restoration project;

[0012] S6, For the matched plant species, calculate the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area according to the following formula (1), and screen out the ecological restoration plants that meet the requirements according to the obtained plant function target value,

[0013] G = (C 1固 +…+ C n固 ) * A i * (S / ρ * a1) + (T 1固 +…+ T n固 ) * B i * (S / ρ * a n)……(1)

[0014] In the formula, G is the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area, C n固 is the carbon sequestration amount of the nth plant, T n固 is the soil conservation amount of the nth plant, A i 、B i are the weights corresponding to the ecological restoration project type, S is the area of the ecological restoration project area, ρ is the area of the plant configuration unit (ρ is determined by those skilled in the art through the maximum seeding / planting density of the plant. The determination of the configuration unit is to first determine the configuration unit area according to the maximum seeding / planting density, and then determine the planting position and quantity in the configuration unit in turn according to the planting density of other species), n is the nth plant that matches, a n refers to the quantity of the nth plant in the configuration unit;

[0015] S7. Read the plant (index) data in the database, including the acquisition cost data, pest and disease risk data, drought tolerance data, barren tolerance data, pollution tolerance data, low temperature tolerance data, and maintenance difficulty data of the plant, and calculate the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plant according to the following formula (2),

[0016] Z =α 1，1 *β 1，1 +…+α n,j *β n,j ………(2)

[0017] In the formula, α n,j is the jth index weight of the nth plant, β n,j is the jth index value of the nth plant pre-stored in the database;

[0018] S8. According to the obtained plant function target value and comprehensive evaluation total value, obtain the recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration according to the following formula (3),

[0019] T= G +(Z1+ ……+ Z k )………(3)

[0020] In the formula, T represents the recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration, Z K represents the comprehensive evaluation total value of the Kth plant, and G represents the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area;

[0021] S9. According to the obtained recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration, screen and output the corresponding plants.

[0022] Furthermore, when the ecological restoration goal is to enhance the health, stability, and biodiversity of the ecosystem, the aesthetic value of the vegetation does not need to be considered; when the ecological restoration project involves building a park or is within the visible range of transportation arteries, the main stream of the Yangtze River, and its major tributaries, the proportion of native plants should not be less than 50% of the total number of plants.

[0023] As an optimal solution, in step S9, the top ten plants corresponding to the recommended values of ecological restoration vegetation configuration are initially screened out.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes step S10: The selected plants are arranged in the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model to form the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect; the plants in the surrounding environment images captured by the drone are extracted and implanted into the ecological restoration project model to form the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area; then, the coordination degree between the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect and the surrounding environment of the ecological restoration area in the model is judged. When the coordination degree value is higher than 50%, the plant arrangement is qualified; when the coordination degree value is lower than 50%, the plant arrangement is unqualified, and the plants corresponding to other values of the recommended values of ecological restoration vegetation configuration are re-screened until the plant arrangement is qualified and then it ends.

[0025] Furthermore, the method for judging the coordination degree includes: Capturing the surrounding environment images during summer; Selecting and copying the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implanting the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; Then, frame and calculate the area of the area in the ecological restoration project area without matching plants; Then, obtain the coordination degree value according to the following formula (4),

[0026] S 协 = S 非 / S………(4)

[0027] In the formula, S 非 is the area of the area in the ecological restoration project area without matching plants, and the area without matching plants refers to the area not covered by the screened plants, and S is the area of the ecological restoration project area.

[0028] As another optimal solution: Capturing the surrounding environment images during summer; Selecting and copying the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implanting the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; Then, use the imread function of opencv-python to quickly extract the hue (H), saturation (S), and value (V) values of the ecological restoration project area, and calculate the average values of H, S, and V respectively; Then calculate the average values of H, S, and V in the surrounding environment image of the ecological restoration project area after removing the ecological restoration project area; If both satisfy "H 工 / H 环< 0.6, S 工 / S 环 <0.6, V 工 / V 环 <0.6”, it indicates that the coordination degree meets the requirements; where H 工 represents the average hue value of the ecological restoration project area, H 环 represents the average hue value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, S 工 represents the average saturation value of the ecological restoration project area, S 环 represents the average saturation value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, V 工 represents the average lightness value of the ecological restoration project area, V 环 represents the average lightness value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area.

[0029] A method for configuring ecological restoration plants in karst areas, the steps include:

[0030] Step 1, obtain the longitude and latitude of the ecological restoration project, the ecological restoration and reuse plan, the surrounding environment images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as the altitude, soil information, meteorological data, hydrological data, and plot area data of the ecological restoration area;

[0031] Step 2, classify the ecological restoration project. Specifically: when the ecological restoration project is not in a rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a general ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a mild rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class I ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a moderate rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class II ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a severe rocky desertification area, define this type of ecological restoration project as a Class III ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in an extremely rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class IV ecological restoration project;

[0032] Step 3, according to the classification results of the obtained ecological restoration project, respectively assign weights to the soil fixation ability and carbon fixation ability of the plant species of the ecological restoration project; for the general ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A1, and the soil fixation weight is B1; for the Class I ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A2, and the soil fixation weight is B2; for the Class II ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A3, and the soil fixation weight is B3; for the Class III ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A4, and the soil fixation weight is B4; for the Class IV ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A5, and the soil fixation weight is B5; where, A1 < A2 < A3 < A4 < A5, B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B;

[0033] Step 4: Obtain plant characteristic information, including the acquisition cost of the plant, pest and disease risks, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, cold tolerance, salinity tolerance, acid tolerance, ease of maintenance, and plant habit synergy / mutual exclusion information;

[0034] Step 5: Combine the information in Steps 1 and 4 to match eligible plant species for each area of the ecological restoration project;

[0035] Step 6: For the matched plant species, calculate the plant function target value for the ecological restoration project area according to the following formula (1), and screen out eligible ecological restoration plants based on the obtained plant function target value.

[0036] G = (C 1固 +…+ C n固 ) * A i * (S / ρ * a1) + (T 1固 +…+ T n固 ) * B i * (S / ρ * a n )……(1)

[0037] In the formula, G is the plant function target value for the ecological restoration project area, C n固 is the carbon sequestration amount of the nth plant, T n固 is the soil conservation amount of the nth plant, A i , B i are the weights corresponding to the ecological restoration project type, S is the area of the ecological restoration project area, ρ is the area of the plant configuration unit (ρ is determined by those skilled in the art through the maximum seeding / planting density of the plant. The determination of the configuration unit is to first determine the configuration unit area according to the maximum seeding / planting density, and then determine the planting position and quantity in the configuration unit according to the planting density of other species in turn), n is the nth matched plant, a n refers to the quantity of the nth plant in the configuration unit;

[0038] Step 7: Combine the plant index information, which includes the acquisition cost of the plant, pest and disease risks, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, low temperature tolerance, and ease of maintenance, and calculate the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plant according to the following formula (2).

[0039] Z = α 1，1 * β 1，1 +…+ α n,j * β n,j ………(2)

[0040] In the formula, α n,j is the weight of the jth index of the nth plant, and β n,j is the value of the jth index of the nth plant pre-stored in the database;

[0041] Step 8: According to the obtained plant function target values and the comprehensive evaluation total values, obtain the recommended values for ecological restoration vegetation configuration according to the following formula (3):

[0042] T = G + (Z1 + …… + Z k ) ……… (3)

[0043] In the formula, T k represents the recommended value for ecological restoration vegetation configuration, Z K represents the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plant, and Z K represents the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area;

[0044] Step 9: According to the obtained recommended values for ecological restoration vegetation configuration, screen out the corresponding plants; first screen out the top ten plants corresponding to the recommended values for ecological restoration vegetation configuration;

[0045] Step 10: Arrange the screened plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the plant arrangement effect needs to meet the requirement that the coordination degree value is not less than 50%;

[0046] Among them, the method for judging the coordination degree:

[0047] Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer; select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; then, frame and calculate the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area; then obtain the coordination degree value according to the following formula (4):

[0048] S 协 = S 非 / S ……… (4)

[0049] In the formula, S 非 is the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the area without matching plants refers to the area not covered by the screened plants, and S is the area of the ecological restoration project area.

[0050] As another preferred solution: Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer; select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; then, use the imread function of opencv - python to quickly extract the hue (H), saturation (S), and value (V) values of the ecological restoration project area, and calculate the average values of H, S, and V respectively; then calculate the average values of H, S, and V in the surrounding environment image excluding the ecological restoration project area; if both satisfy "H 工 / H 环 < 0.6, S工 / S 环 <0.6, V 工 / V 环 <0.6”, it indicates that the coordination degree meets the requirements; where H 工 represents the average hue value of the ecological restoration project area, H 环 represents the average hue value of the surrounding environmental model of the ecological restoration area, S 工 represents the average saturation value of the ecological restoration project area, S 环 represents the average saturation value of the surrounding environmental model of the ecological restoration area, V 工 represents the average lightness value of the ecological restoration project area, V 环 represents the average lightness value of the surrounding environmental model of the ecological restoration area.

[0051] Beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a brand-new idea for high-quality ecological restoration according to the rocky desertification degree in the karst area of Southwest China. Based on the rocky desertification degree of the area where the ecological restoration project is located, carbon-fixing plants and soil-fixing plants are rationally configured, and it is possible to more targeted and refinedly select the idea of planting high-efficiency carbon-fixing plants and high-efficiency soil-fixing plants, which is beneficial to ecological benefits such as climate regulation and soil and water conservation; The present invention comprehensively considers factors such as the reuse planning of the ecological restoration project, the aesthetic requirements of the ecological restoration project, as well as the maintenance difficulty of plants, the risk of pests and diseases, suitability, and the cooperation / competition among species, and formulates a vegetation configuration plan suitable for the local natural conditions and with good carbon and soil fixation benefits, which can effectively control the risk of interspecific competition of plants and the occurrence of pests and diseases, significantly reduce the management and protection difficulty of the ecological restoration project, and propose a differentiated configuration plan for aesthetic requirements, ensuring the integration degree of the ecological restoration project with the original ecosystem or the surrounding environment, achieving the best ecological restoration benefits, and greatly improving the scientificity, efficiency and effectiveness of the plant configuration of the ecological restoration project. Adopting the scheme in Embodiment 1 can greatly reduce the labor cost of the technical personnel of the ecological restoration project in plant configuration and effectively improve the quality and efficiency of the vegetation configuration of the ecological restoration project. Adopting the scheme of the present invention is conducive to continuously updating and expanding data through retrieval and field in-situ test experiments, and has great development potential. The integrated data in the database can clearly provide references for relevant engineering and technical personnel in botany, geography and other aspects. Description of the Drawings

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plant configuration unit. Detailed Embodiments

[0053] The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiment

[0054] A plant configuration system for ecological restoration in karst areas based on soil fixation and carbon sequestration enhancement, comprising a computer control system. The computer control system includes a storage module, a processing module, and a program stored on the storage module and executable on the processing module. When the processing module executes the program, the following steps are implemented:

[0055] S1. Read the longitude and latitude data of the ecological restoration project, the ecological restoration and reuse planning data, the surrounding environment images captured by the UAV, as well as the altitude data, soil information data, meteorological data, hydrological data, and plot area data of the ecological restoration area;

[0056] S2. Classify the ecological restoration project. Specifically: when the ecological restoration project is not in a rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a general ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a mild rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class I ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a moderate rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class II ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a severe rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class III ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in an extremely rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class IV ecological restoration project;

[0057] S3. According to the classification results of the obtained ecological restoration project, respectively assign weights to the soil fixation ability and carbon sequestration ability of the plant species of the ecological restoration project; for the general ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A1, and the soil fixation weight is B1; for the Class I ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A2, and the soil fixation weight is B2; for the Class II ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A3, and the soil fixation weight is B3; for the Class III ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A4, and the soil fixation weight is B4; for the Class IV ecological restoration project, the carbon sequestration weight is A5, and the soil fixation weight is B5; where A1 < A2 < A3 < A4 < A5, and B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B;

[0058] S4. Read the plant data stored in the database. The plant data includes the acquisition cost of the plant, the risk of pests and diseases, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, cold tolerance, salinity tolerance, acidity tolerance, maintenance difficulty, and plant habit coordination / mutual exclusion information;

[0059] S5. Combine the information read in steps S1 and S4 to match suitable plant species for each area of the ecological restoration project (each plant has characteristics such as a suitable growth environment, distribution range, and habits, and based on these characteristics, it is possible to preliminarily determine whether the plant is suitable for planting in the ecological restoration project area);

[0060] S6. For the matched plant species, calculate the plant function target value for the ecological restoration project area according to the following formula (1), and screen out the eligible ecological restoration plants based on the obtained plant function target value.

[0061] G = (C 1固 +…+ C n固 ) * A i * (S / ρ * a1) + (T 1固 +…+ T n固 ) * B i * (S / ρ * a n )……(1)

[0062] In the formula, G is the plant function target value for the ecological restoration project area, C n固 is the carbon sequestration amount of the nth plant, T n固 is the soil conservation amount of the nth plant, A i , B i are the weights corresponding to the ecological restoration project type, S is the area of the ecological restoration project area, ρ is the area of the plant configuration unit (ρ is determined by those skilled in the art through the maximum seeding / planting density of the plant. The determination of the configuration unit is to first determine the area of the configuration unit according to the maximum seeding / planting density, and then determine the planting position and quantity in the configuration unit according to the planting density of other species in turn, such as Figure 1 the boxed area represents a plant configuration unit), n is the nth matched plant, a n refers to the quantity of the nth plant in the configuration unit;

[0063] S7. Read the plant (indicator) data in the database, including the acquisition cost data, pest and disease risk data, drought tolerance data, barren tolerance data, pollution tolerance data, low temperature tolerance data, and maintenance difficulty data of the plant, and calculate the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plant according to the following formula (2).

[0064] Z = α 1，1 * β 1，1 +…+ α n,j * β n,j ………(2)

[0065] In the formula, α n,j is the weight of the jth indicator of the nth plant, and β n,j is the value of the jth indicator of the nth plant pre-stored in the database;

[0066] Taking the 3rd plant, rhododendron, as an example, assuming its rhododendron (indicator) data is as follows: the weight of acquisition cost is 0.1, the weight of pest and disease risk is 0.14, the weight of drought tolerance is 0.17, the weight of barren tolerance is 0.2, the weight of pollution tolerance is 0.4, the weight of low temperature tolerance is 0.5, the weight of maintenance difficulty is 0.12, and the weight of planting density data is 0.25; the value of the 1st indicator, acquisition cost, is 1, the value of the 2nd indicator, pest and disease risk, is 2, the value of the 3rd indicator, drought tolerance, is 3, the value of the 4th indicator, barren tolerance, is 2.5, the value of the 5th indicator, pollution tolerance, is 1.2, the value of the 6th indicator, low temperature tolerance, is 0.5, and the value of the 7th indicator, maintenance difficulty, is 5. Then, the comprehensive evaluation total value of plants such as rhododendron

[0067] Z = α 3,1 *β 3,1 +…+α 3,8 *β 3,8 = 0.1 * 1 + 0.14 * 2 + 0.17 * 3 + 0.2 * 2.5 + 0.4 * 1.2 + 0.5 * 0.5 + 0.12 * 5 = 2.72;

[0068] S8. According to the obtained plant function target value and comprehensive evaluation total value, obtain the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration according to the following formula (3).

[0069] T = G + (Z1 + …… + Z k )………(3)

[0070] In the formula, T represents the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration, Z K represents the comprehensive evaluation total value of the Kth plant, and G represents the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area; correspondingly, the Z k of the aforementioned 3rd plant, rhododendron,

[0071] is Z3. By determining the configured plants through this step, it can better meet the requirements such as the growth suitability of the configured plants, no competition among plant species, few pests and diseases, low plant cost, and low management and protection cost, and is more conducive to ecological restoration;

[0072] S9. According to the obtained recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration, screen and output the corresponding plants, and first screen out the plants corresponding to the top ten rankings of the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration;

[0073] S10: Arrange the selected plants in the ecological restoration project area of the ecological restoration project model to form the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect; extract the plants in the surrounding environment images captured by the drone and implant them into the ecological restoration project model to form the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area; then determine the coordination degree between the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect and the surrounding environment of the ecological restoration area in the model. When the coordination degree value is higher than 50%, output that the plant combination is qualified; when the coordination degree value is lower than 50%, output that the plant combination is unqualified, and re-screen the plants corresponding to other values in the ranking of the recommended values of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration (when the coordination degree between the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect and the surrounding environment of the ecological restoration area in the model is lower than 50% for the first time, re-screen the top eleven plants corresponding to the recommended values of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration. If the obtained coordination degree is still lower than 50%, the top twelve plants corresponding to the recommended values of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration can be screened, and so on, increasing one by one) until the plant combination is qualified. Among them, the coordination degree determination method is as follows:

[0074] Capture the surrounding environment images during the summer time; select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; then, frame and calculate the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area; then obtain the coordination degree value according to the following formula (4),

[0075] S 协 = S 非 / S………(4)

[0076] In the formula, S 非 is the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the area without matching plants refers to the area not covered by the screened plants, and S is the area of the ecological restoration project area.

[0077] In this embodiment, when the ecological restoration goal is to enhance the health, stability and biodiversity of the ecosystem, the aesthetic degree of the vegetation does not need to be considered; when a park is to be built in the ecological restoration project or within the visible range of transportation trunk lines, the main stream of the Yangtze River and its main tributaries, the proportion of matching native plants is not less than 50% of the total number of plants. Embodiment

[0078] A method for configuring ecological restoration plants in karst areas, the steps include:

[0079] Step 1, obtain the longitude and latitude of the ecological restoration project, the ecological restoration and reuse plan, the surrounding environment images captured by the drone, as well as the altitude, soil information, meteorological data, hydrological data, and plot area data of the ecological restoration area; for ecological restoration projects with artificial soil design, information such as soil layer thickness and soil quality need to be obtained from the design party;

[0080] Step 2: Classify the ecological restoration projects. Specifically: When the ecological restoration project is not in a rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a general ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a lightly rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class I ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a moderately rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class II ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a severely rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class III ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in an extremely rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class IV ecological restoration project;

[0081] Step 3: According to the classification results of the obtained ecological restoration projects, assign weights to the soil fixation ability and carbon sequestration ability of the plant species of the ecological restoration projects respectively; for general ecological restoration projects, the carbon sequestration weight is A1 and the soil fixation weight is B1; for Class I ecological restoration projects, the carbon sequestration weight is A2 and the soil fixation weight is B2; for Class II ecological restoration projects, the carbon sequestration weight is A3 and the soil fixation weight is B3; for Class III ecological restoration projects, the carbon sequestration weight is A4 and the soil fixation weight is B4; for Class IV ecological restoration projects, the carbon sequestration weight is A5 and the soil fixation weight is B5; where A1 < A2 < A3 < A4 < A5 and B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B;

[0082] Step 4: Obtain plant characteristic information, including the acquisition cost of plants, pest and disease risks, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, cold tolerance, salinity tolerance, acid tolerance, ease of maintenance, and plant habit synergy / mutual exclusion information;

[0083] Step 5: Combine the information in Steps 1 and 4 to match suitable plant species for each area of the ecological restoration project;

[0084] Step 6: For the matched plant species, calculate the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area according to the following formula (1), and screen out the eligible ecological restoration plants according to the obtained plant function target value,

[0085] G = (C 1固 +…+ C n固 ) * A i * (S / ρ * a1) + (T 1固 +…+ T n固 ) * B i * (S / ρ * a n ) …… (1)

[0086] In the formula, G is the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area, C n固 is the carbon sequestration amount of the nth plant, T n固 is the soil conservation amount of the nth plant, A i 、Bi W is the weight corresponding to the ecological restoration project type, S is the area of the ecological restoration project area, ρ is the area of the plant configuration unit (ρ is determined by those skilled in the art through the maximum seeding / planting density of the plants. The determination of the configuration unit is to first determine the configuration unit area according to the maximum seeding / planting density, and then determine the planting positions and quantities in the configuration unit in turn according to the planting densities of other species, as Figure 1 shown), n is the nth plant that matches, a n refers to the quantity of the nth plant in the configuration unit;

[0087] Step 7: Combine the plant index information. The plant index information includes the acquisition cost of the plants, the risk of pests and diseases, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, low temperature tolerance, and the difficulty of maintenance, and calculate the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plants according to the following formula (2),

[0088] Z =α 1，1 *β 1，1 +…+α n,j *β n,j ……… (2)

[0089] In the formula, α n,j is the jth index weight of the nth plant, and β n,j is the jth index value of the nth plant pre-stored in the database;

[0090] Step 8: According to the obtained plant function target value and the comprehensive evaluation total value, obtain the recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration according to the following formula (3),

[0091] T = G + (Z1 + …… + Z k ) ……… (3)

[0092] In the formula, T represents the recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration, Z K represents the comprehensive evaluation total value of the Kth plant, and G represents the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area;

[0093] Step 9: According to the obtained recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration, screen out the corresponding plants; first screen out the plants corresponding to the top ten rankings of the recommended value of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration;

[0094] Step 10: Match the screened plants to the ecological restoration project area, and the plant matching effect needs to meet the requirement that the coordination degree value is not less than 50%;

[0095] Among them, the coordination degree discrimination method: Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer time; Select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; Next, frame and calculate the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area; Then, obtain the coordination degree value according to the following formula (4),

[0096] S 协 = S 非 / S………(4)

[0097] In the formula, S 非 is the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the area without matching plants refers to the area not covered by the screened plants, and S is the area of the ecological restoration project area. Embodiment

[0098] A plant configuration system for ecological restoration in karst areas based on soil consolidation and carbon sink enhancement. Referring to Embodiment 1, the main difference from Embodiment 1 is that the coordination degree discrimination method includes: Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer time; Select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; Next, use the imread function of opencv-python to quickly extract the hue (H), saturation (S), and value (V) values of the ecological restoration project area, and calculate the average values of H, S, and V respectively; Then, calculate the average values of H, S, and V in the surrounding environment image after removing the ecological restoration project area; If it simultaneously satisfies "H 工 / H 环 <0.6, S 工 / S 环 <0.6, V 工 / V 环 <0.6", it means that the coordination degree meets the requirements; among them, H 工 represents the average hue value of the ecological restoration project area, H 环 represents the average hue value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, S 工 represents the average saturation value of the ecological restoration project area, S 环 represents the average saturation value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, V 工 represents the average value value of the ecological restoration project area, V 环 represents the average value value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area.

[0099] The present invention proposes a brand-new idea for high-quality ecological restoration according to the degree of rocky desertification in the karst area of southwest China. Based on the degree of rocky desertification in the area where the ecological restoration project is located, carbon-fixing plants and soil-fixing plants are rationally configured, and it is possible to more specifically and precisely select the idea of planting highly efficient carbon-fixing plants and highly efficient soil-fixing plants, which is beneficial to ecological benefits such as climate regulation and soil and water conservation. The present invention comprehensively considers factors such as the reuse plan of the ecological restoration project, the aesthetic requirements of the ecological restoration project, as well as the maintenance difficulty, pest and disease risk, suitability, and synergy / competition among species of plants, and formulates a vegetation configuration plan suitable for the local natural conditions and with good carbon and soil fixation benefits, which can effectively control the risk of interspecific competition among plants and the occurrence of pests and diseases, significantly reduce the management and protection difficulty of the ecological restoration project, and propose a differential configuration plan for aesthetic requirements, ensuring the integration degree of the ecological restoration project with the original ecosystem or the surrounding environment, achieving the best ecological restoration benefits, and greatly improving the scientificity, efficiency, and effectiveness of the plant configuration of the ecological restoration project. By adopting the solution in Embodiment 1, the labor cost of technicians in the ecological restoration project for plant configuration can be greatly reduced, and the quality and efficiency of the vegetation configuration of the ecological restoration project can be effectively improved. By adopting the solution of the present invention, it is beneficial to continuously update and expand data through retrieval and in-situ field testing experiments, and has great development potential. The integrated data in the database can clearly provide references for relevant engineering and technical personnel in aspects such as botany and geography.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration plant configuration system for karst areas based on soil fixation and carbon sink enhancement, comprising a computer control system. The computer control system includes a storage module, a processing module, and a program stored on the storage module and executable on the processing module, characterized in that, When the processing module executes the program, the following steps are implemented: S1. Read the longitude and latitude data of the ecological restoration project, the ecological restoration and reuse planning data, the surrounding environment images captured by drones, as well as the elevation data, soil information data, meteorological data, hydrological data, and plot area data of the ecological restoration area; S2. Classify the ecological restoration projects. Specifically: when the ecological restoration project is not in a rocky desertification area, define the ecological restoration project as a general ecological restoration project; when the ecological restoration project is in a lightly rocky desertified area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class I ecological restoration project; When the ecological restoration project is in a moderately rocky desertified area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class II ecological restoration project; When the ecological restoration project is in a severely rocky desertified area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class III ecological restoration project; When the ecological restoration project is in an extremely rocky desertified area, define the ecological restoration project as a Class IV ecological restoration project; S3. According to the classification results of the obtained ecological restoration projects, assign weights to the soil fixation ability and carbon fixation ability of the plant species of the ecological restoration projects respectively; for general ecological restoration projects, the carbon fixation weight is A1 and the soil fixation weight is B1; for Class I ecological restoration projects, the carbon fixation weight is A2 and the soil fixation weight is B2; for Class II ecological restoration projects, the carbon fixation weight is A3 and the soil fixation weight is B3; for Class III ecological restoration projects, the carbon fixation weight is A4 and the soil fixation weight is B4; for Class IV ecological restoration projects, the carbon fixation weight is A5 and the soil fixation weight is B5; Among them, A1 < A2 < A3 < A4 < A5, B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B; S4. Read the plant data stored in the database. The plant data includes the acquisition cost of the plant, the risk of pests and diseases, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, cold tolerance, salinity tolerance, acid tolerance, maintenance difficulty, plant habit synergy / mutual exclusion information, and plant planting density; S5. Combine the information read in step S1 to match the plant species that meet the requirements for each area of the ecological restoration project; S6. For the matched plant species, calculate the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area according to the following formula (1), and screen out the ecological restoration plants that meet the requirements according to the obtained plant function target value. G = (C 1固 + … + C n固 ) * A i * (S / ρ * a1) + (T 1固 + … + T n固 ) * B i * (S / ρ * a n ) …… (1) Wherein, G is the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area, C n固 is the carbon sequestration amount of the nth plant, T n固 is the soil conservation amount of the nth plant, A i , B i are the weights corresponding to the ecological restoration project types, S is the area of the ecological restoration project area, ρ is the area of the plant configuration unit, n is the nth plant that is matched, a n refers to the quantity of the nth plant in the configuration unit; S7. Read the plant index data in the database, including the acquisition cost data of the plant, the pest and disease risk data, the drought tolerance data, the barren tolerance data, the pollution tolerance data, the low temperature tolerance data, the maintenance difficulty data, and the planting density data, and calculate the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plant according to the following formula (2). Z =α 1，1 *β 1，1 +…+α n,j *β n,j ………（2） where α n,j is the weight of the j-th index of the n-th plant, and β n,j is the numerical value of the j-th index of the n-th plant pre-stored in the database; S8. According to the obtained plant function target value and comprehensive evaluation total value, obtain the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration according to the following formula (3). T = G + (Z1 + …… + Z k ) ……… (3) Where T represents the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration, and Z K represents the total comprehensive evaluation value of the Kth plant, and G represents the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area; S9. According to the obtained recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration, screen and output the corresponding plants; When the ecological restoration goal is to enhance the health, stability, and biodiversity of the ecosystem, the aesthetic degree of the vegetation does not need to be considered; when the ecological restoration project is to build a park or is within the visible range of traffic arteries, the main stream of the Yangtze River and its main tributaries, the proportion of native plants matched is not less than 50% of the total number of plants. It also includes step S10: Matching the selected plants to the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration engineering model to form the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect; Extracting the plants in the surrounding environment images captured by the drone and implanting them into the ecological restoration engineering model to form the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area; Then, judging the coordination degree between the ecological restoration vegetation configuration effect and the surrounding environment of the ecological restoration area in the model. When the coordination degree value is higher than 50%, output that the plant matching is qualified; When the coordination degree value is lower than 50%, output that the plant matching is unqualified, and re-screen the plants corresponding to other values in the ranking of the recommended values of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration until the plant matching is qualified and then end.

2. The ecological restoration plant configuration system in karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the plants corresponding to the top ten rankings of the recommended values of the ecological restoration vegetation configuration are selected for the first time.

3. The ecological restoration plant configuration system in karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for judging the coordination degree includes: Aerial photographing the surrounding environment images during summer time; Selecting and copying the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implanting the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration engineering model; Then, frame and calculate the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area; Then, obtain the coordination degree value according to the following formula (4). S 协 = S 非 / S………(4) Wherein, S 非 is the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the area without matching plants refers to the area not covered by the screened plants, and S is the area of the ecological restoration project area.

4. The ecological restoration plant configuration system in karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer time; select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; then, extract the hue H, saturation S, and lightness V values of the ecological restoration project area, and calculate the average values of H, S, and V respectively; then, calculate the average values of H, S, and V in the surrounding environment image after removing the ecological restoration project area; if it simultaneously satisfies "H 工 / H 环 <0.6, S 工 / S 环 <0.6, V 工 / V 环 <0.6", it indicates that the coordination degree meets the requirements; among them, H 工 represents the average hue value of the ecological restoration project area, H 环 represents the average hue value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, S 工 represents the average saturation value of the ecological restoration project area, S 环 represents the average saturation value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, V 工 represents the average lightness value of the ecological restoration project area, V 环 represents the average lightness value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area.

5. A method for ecological restoration plant configuration in karst areas, characterized in that the steps It includes: Step 1, Obtain the longitude and latitude of the ecological restoration project, the ecological restoration and reuse plan, the surrounding environment images captured by the drone, as well as the altitude, soil information, meteorological data, hydrological data, and plot area data of the ecological restoration area. Step 2, Classify the ecological restoration project. Specifically: When the ecological restoration project is not in a rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a general ecological restoration project; When the ecological restoration project is in a mild rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class I ecological restoration project. When the ecological restoration project is in a moderate rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class II ecological restoration project. When the ecological restoration project is in a severe rocky desertification area, define this type of ecological restoration project as a Class III ecological restoration project. When the ecological restoration project is in an extremely rocky desertification area, define this ecological restoration project as a Class IV ecological restoration project. Step 3, According to the classification results of the obtained ecological restoration project, respectively assign weights to the soil fixation ability and carbon fixation ability of the plant species of the ecological restoration project; For the general ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A1, and the soil fixation weight is B1; For the Class I ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A2, and the soil fixation weight is B2; For the Class II ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A3, and the soil fixation weight is B3; For the Class III ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A4, and the soil fixation weight is B4; For the Class IV ecological restoration project, the carbon fixation weight is A5, and the soil fixation weight is B5. Among them, A1 < A2 < A3 < A4 < A5, B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B. Step 4, Obtain plant characteristic information, including the acquisition cost of the plant, the risk of pests and diseases, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, cold tolerance, salinity tolerance, acidity tolerance, the difficulty of maintenance, and the synergistic / antagonistic information of plant habits. Step 5, Combining the information in step 1 and step 4, match the plant species that meet the requirements for each area of the ecological restoration project. Step 6. For the matched plant species, calculate the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area according to the following formula (1), and screen out the ecological restoration plants that meet the requirements according to the obtained plant function target value. G = (C 1固 + … + C n固 ) * A i * (S / ρ * a1) + (T 1固 + … + T n固 ) * B i * (S / ρ * a n ) …… (1) Wherein, G is the plant function target value of the ecological restoration project area, and C n固 is the carbon sequestration amount of the nth plant, and T n固 is the soil conservation amount of the nth plant, and A i , B i are the weights corresponding to the ecological restoration project types, S is the area of the ecological restoration project area, ρ is the area of the plant configuration unit, n is the nth plant that is matched, and a n refers to the quantity of the nth plant in the configuration unit; Step 7. Combine the plant index information, where the plant index information includes the acquisition cost of the plant, the risk of pests and diseases, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pollution tolerance, low temperature tolerance, ease of maintenance, and planting density, and calculate the comprehensive evaluation total value of the plant according to the following formula (2). Z =α 1，1 *β 1，1 +…+α n,j *β n,j ………（2） where α n,j is the weight of the j-th index of the n-th plant, and β n,j is the value of the j-th index of the n-th plant pre-stored in the database; Step 8. According to the obtained plant function target value and comprehensive evaluation total value, obtain the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration according to the following formula (3). T = G + (Z1 + …… + Z k ) ……… (3) In the formula, T k represents the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration, Z K represents the total comprehensive evaluation value of plants, and Z K represents the plant functional target value of the ecological restoration project area; Step 9. According to the obtained recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration, screen out the corresponding plants; first screen out the plants corresponding to the top ten in the ranking of the recommended value of ecological restoration vegetation configuration. Step 10. Arrange the screened plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the plant arrangement effect needs to meet the requirement that the coordination degree value is not less than 50%. Among them, the method for judging the coordination degree: Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer; select and copy the plants screened in step S9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; then, frame and calculate the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area; then obtain the coordination degree value according to the following formula (4). S 协 = S 非 / S………(4) where S 非 is the area of the area without matching plants in the ecological restoration project area, and the area without matching plants refers to the area not covered by the screened plants, and S is the area of the ecological restoration project area; Or, Aerial photograph the surrounding environment images during summer time; select and copy the plants screened in step 9 in the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, and then evenly implant the copied plant information into the ecological restoration project area in the ecological restoration project model; then, extract the hue H, saturation S, and lightness V values of the ecological restoration project area, and calculate the average values of H, S, and V respectively; then calculate the average values of H, S, and V in the surrounding environment images excluding the ecological restoration project area; if the conditions "H 工 / H 环 <0.6, S 工 / S 环 <0.6, V 工 / V 环 <0.6" are simultaneously met, it indicates that the coordination degree meets the requirements; where H 工 represents the average hue value of the ecological restoration project area, H 环 represents the average hue value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, S 工 represents the average saturation value of the ecological restoration project area, S 环 represents the average saturation value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area, V 工 represents the average lightness value of the ecological restoration project area, V 环 represents the average lightness value of the surrounding environment model of the ecological restoration area.

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