A breeding method of two-edged blue-granular highland barley

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of crop breeding technology, specifically relating to a breeding method for two-ridged blue-grain highland barley. The breeding method described in this invention can obtain two-ridged blue-grain highland barley, which exhibits good lodging resistance, good and stable overall traits. The 917-2 strain obtained through this breeding method yields 5.2% more than the local dominant variety, Ganqing 4.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop breeding technology, specifically relating to a breeding method for two-ridged blue-grain highland barley. Background Technology

[0002] Barley, mainly produced in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces of China, contains nutrients such as protein, fat, starch, and vitamin B. It has wide-ranging medicinal and nutritional value, offering benefits such as regulating blood sugar, replenishing energy, and strengthening the spleen and stomach. Currently, several different varieties of barley are sold on the market, distinguished by color, including black barley, yellow barley, and blue barley. Blue barley, with its unique color and flavor, has become a popular health food.

[0003] However, most of the existing blue barley varieties are multi-ridged, which have poor lodging resistance and low overall yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a breeding method for two-ridged blue-grain barley, which can breed high-yielding two-ridged blue-grain barley that is resistant to lodging and has good overall traits.

[0005] This invention provides a method for breeding two-ridged blue-grain highland barley, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Using *Dulihuang* as the female parent and CA2-1 as the male parent, hybridize and harvest F0 generation seeds;

[0007] 2) After planting the F0 generation seeds, self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation plants of *Dulihuang* × CA2-1;

[0008] 3) Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Dulihuang × CA2-1 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds were obtained by hybridization.

[0009] 4) After planting the F0 generation seeds obtained in step 3), self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0010] 5) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 4), self-pollinate, and obtain F2 generation single plant seeds;

[0011] 6) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 5), and self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a stable line of two-ridged blue barley.

[0012] Preferably, the hybridization in steps 1) and 3) includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization includes emasculation, and the number of emasculated ears per plant is 1.

[0013] Preferably, the number of ears to be demasked in step 1) is 6 or more.

[0014] Preferably, in step 3), the number of ears to be demasked is 10 or more.

[0015] Preferably, the F2 generation obtained after sowing the F1 generation seeds in step 5) exhibits phenotypic segregation, and individual plants are harvested for seeds of *Indigofera tinctoria*.

[0016] Preferably, the self-pollination process of F3-F5 generation in step 6) includes: selecting single plants from the previous generation and sowing them individually, with each single plant sowing 2 rows; selecting single plants from the offspring that are two-ridged, blue, 75-90cm tall, with ear length ≥8cm, ear number ≥20 grains, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, and strong resistance to lodging and disease; harvesting single plants and air-drying for storage.

[0017] Preferably, the self-pollination F6 generation process in step 6) includes: selecting stable *Erythrina variegata* strains with good agronomical morphology, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear grain number ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance.

[0018] Preferably, the stable strain of the two-ridged blue barley is subjected to a strain identification test.

[0019] Preferably, the strains with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control variety are selected through the strain identification test for strain comparison test.

[0020] Preferably, strains with good overall traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control variety are selected through the strain comparison test for regional trials throughout the province.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention provides a method for breeding two-ridged blue-grained highland barley, comprising the following steps: 1) using Dulihuang as the female parent and CA2-1 as the male parent, hybridizing to obtain F0 generation seeds; 2) planting the F0 generation seeds and self-pollinating to obtain F1 generation plants of Dulihuang × CA2-1; 3) using Longqing 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Dulihuang × CA2-1 as the male parent, hybridizing to obtain F0 generation seeds; 4) planting the F0 generation seeds obtained in step 3) and self-pollinating to obtain F1 generation seeds; 5) sowing the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 4) and self-pollinating to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds; 6) sowing the F2 generation single-plant seeds obtained in step 5) and self-pollinating to the F6 generation to obtain a stable line of two-ridged blue-grained highland barley. The breeding method described in this invention can produce two-ridged blue-grain highland barley, which has good lodging resistance, good and stable comprehensive traits. The 917-2 strain obtained by the breeding method has a 5.2% higher yield than the local dominant variety Ganqing 4. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This invention provides a method for breeding two-ridged blue-grain highland barley, comprising the following steps:

[0024] 1) Using *Dulihuang* as the female parent and CA2-1 as the male parent, hybridize and harvest F0 generation seeds;

[0025] 2) After planting the F0 generation seeds, self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation plants of *Dulihuang* × CA2-1;

[0026] 3) Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Dulihuang × CA2-1 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds were obtained by hybridization.

[0027] 4) After planting the F0 generation seeds obtained in step 3), self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0028] 5) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 4), self-pollinate, and obtain F2 generation single plant seeds;

[0029] 6) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 5), and self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a stable line of two-ridged blue barley.

[0030] Before conducting the aforementioned breeding, this invention preferentially selects high-quality germplasm resources as breeding parents. The preferred agronomic and economic traits for this selection include growth period, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, number of ears, thousand-grain weight, plant type, color change at maturity, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. The selection is conducted through field evaluation. Ultimately, the following varieties were selected: "Dulihuang," a high-quality, multi-ridged blue-grained barley variety from Gansu Province; "CA2-1," a two-ridged, lodging-resistant, and high-quality barley; and "Longqing No. 1," a high-quality, high-yielding, lodging-resistant, and mechanized-harvestable two-ridged barley. This invention preferentially uses "Dulihuang," "CA2-1," and "Longqing No. 1" as parents for the breeding of two-ridged blue-grained barley.

[0031] After obtaining the breeding parents, this invention uses *Dulihuang* as the female parent and CA2-1 as the male parent to harvest F0 generation seeds through hybridization. The hybridization preferred in this invention includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization preferably includes emasculation, with one emasculated ear per plant, and preferably more than six emasculated ears, to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. This invention does not specifically limit the emasculation process; it can be performed according to conventional emasculation procedures in the art. This invention harvests the F0 generation hybrid seeds uniformly when they mature, and then air-dries them for storage.

[0032] After obtaining the F0 generation seeds, the present invention plants the F0 generation seeds and self-pollinates them to obtain F1 generation plants of *Dulihuang* × CA2-1. The planting and self-pollination process described in this invention is not particularly limited and can be carried out using conventional planting methods in the art.

[0033] After obtaining the F1 generation plants of *Dulihuang* × CA2-1, this invention uses Longqing 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of *Dulihuang* × CA2-1 as the male parent to hybridize and obtain F0 generation seeds. The hybridization of this invention preferably includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization preferably includes emasculation, with each plant preferably having 1 emasculated ear, and the number of emasculated ears preferably being more than 10, the purpose being to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. The F0 generation seeds of this invention are harvested uniformly when mature, and then air-dried for storage.

[0034] After obtaining the F0 generation seeds, the present invention plants the F0 generation seeds and then self-pollinates them to obtain the F1 generation seeds. The present invention does not have any special limitations on the planting process; conventional planting processes in the art can be used.

[0035] After obtaining the F1 generation seeds, this invention sows the F1 generation seeds and performs self-pollination to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds. The F2 generation is formed by planting the F1 generation seeds in the field. The F2 generation undergoes phenotypic segregation. Upon maturity, it is preferable to select a large number of individual plants; and these individual plants are marked, and preferably harvested, threshed, and air-dried for preservation. During phenotypic segregation, it is preferable to produce barley with two-angled blue grains, two-angled yellow grains, multi-angled blue grains, and multi-angled yellow grains, and single plants with the two-angled blue grain trait are selected, which are the F2 generation single-plant seeds.

[0036] After obtaining the F2 generation single plant seeds, the present invention sows the F2 generation single plant seeds and self-pollinates to the F6 generation to obtain F6 generation seeds, which are the stable lines of two-ridged blue barley. In the self-pollination process of the F3-F5 generations of the present invention: it is preferable to sow single plants selected from the previous generation, with each single plant preferably sown in 2 rows. The preferred single plants for the offspring are two-ridged, blue, with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear number ≥20 grains, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, and good lodging resistance and disease resistance. The preferred single plants are harvested, air-dried and stored. In the F6 generation of self-pollination according to this invention, single plants of *Erythrina variegata* with good agronomic traits, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance are preferably harvested and stored. When selecting single plants, this invention preferably plants two rows of standard varieties before and after the initial planting row. These standard varieties are preferably parent plants or local dominant varieties; the local dominant varieties preferably include Ganqing No. 4.

[0037] After obtaining the stable line of the two-ridged blue barley, the present invention conducts a strain identification test on the stable line of the two-ridged blue barley.

[0038] The strain identification test described in this invention preferably includes: using the inter-plot method, planting three times, with a control plot added every 10 plots. The control variety is Ganqing No. 4. The plot is 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, with a row spacing of 0.25m, a section spacing of 0.25m, a walkway of 0.5m, and a plot area of ​​3.125m². 2 Five rows were planted, with 250 seeds sown per row. In mid-to-late March, the seeds were sown in rows by hand-hoeing. The varieties with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control were selected for variety comparison test.

[0039] The strain comparison test described in this invention preferably includes: randomized block design, planting three times, with each plot measuring 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, consisting of 10 rows, with a row spacing of 0.25m and a plot spacing of 0.25m, covering an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds are sown by hand in late March. Select strains that yield more than 5% higher than the control variety to participate in the provincial regional trials. The preferred control variety is Ganqing No. 4.

[0040] The preferred regional trial plan for the entire province described in this invention includes: a randomized block design, planting three times, with plots 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, 10 rows per plot, row spacing of 0.25m, plot spacing of 0.25m, and a total area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row, and the seeds are broadcast in furrows according to the local sowing period.

[0041] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for breeding two-ridged blue-grain highland barley, the steps of which are as follows:

[0044] 1. Screening of High-Quality Germplasm Resources: High-quality barley germplasm resources from home and abroad were collected, and their agronomic and economic traits were identified, including growth period, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, number of ears, thousand-grain weight, plant type, ripening color change, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. Field evaluation was conducted. The high-quality, multi-ridged, blue-grained local barley variety "Dulihuang" from Gansu Province and the two-ridged, lodging-resistant, high-quality hulled barley variety "CA2-1" were selected.

[0045] 2. Using Dulihuang as the female parent and CA2-1 as the male parent, artificial hybridization was carried out. When removing the male parent, only one ear was produced per plant, and more than six ears were produced to obtain enough hybrid seeds. When the grains matured, the F0 generation seeds were harvested by mixing them together and then air-dried for storage.

[0046] 3. Plant the (Dulihuang × CA2-1) F0 generation seeds in the field to obtain the (Dulihuang × CA2-1) hybrid.

[0047] 4. Recrossing: Longqing No. 1 as the female parent, and healthy, disease-free plants from the (Dulihuang × CA2-1) hybrid as the male parent. Artificial hybridization was carried out. When removing the male parent, each plant was used to produce only one ear, and more than 10 ears were produced to obtain enough hybrid seeds. When the grains matured, they were mixed and harvested uniformly, air-dried and stored. The harvested hybrid seeds are the F0 generation.

[0048] 5. Planting F0 generation seeds in the field results in F1 generation seeds. Harvest F1 generation seeds when they mature, and then air-dry and store them.

[0049] 6. Planting F1 generation seeds in the field constitutes the F2 generation. The F2 generation is then combined with various standard varieties of Longqing No. 1 in two rows. The F2 generation largely separates into barley with two-ridged blue grains, two-ridged yellow grains, multi-ridged blue grains, and multi-ridged yellow grains. Upon maturity, a large number of two-ridged blue individual plants are selected, marked, and harvested, threshed, and air-dried individually for preservation. Individual plants with other superior traits are simultaneously selected, marked, harvested, threshed, and air-dried individually for preservation.

[0050] 7. For F3-F5 generation, select individual plants and sow 2 rows per plant, with 2 rows of each standard variety before and after the combination. For offspring plants, select those with two ridges, blue color, plant height 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear number ≥20 grains, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance. Harvest individual plants and air-dry for storage.

[0051] 8. In the F6 generation, after multiple generations of self-pollination and selection, stable blue-grained barley lines with good agronomical morphology, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance were selected for strain identification tests.

[0052] 9. Select strains with good overall traits and a larger yield increase compared to the control for strain identification tests.

[0053] Planting was carried out using a comparative intercropping method, with three planting cycles. A control plot was added every 10 plots. The control variety was Ganqing No. 4. Each plot was 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, with a row spacing of 0.25m, a section spacing of 0.25m, a walkway of 0.5m, and a plot area of ​​3.125m². 2 Five rows were planted, with 250 seeds sown per row. In mid-to-late March, the seeds were sown in rows by hand-hoeing. The varieties with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control were selected for variety comparison test.

[0054] 10. Select strains with good overall traits, stable traits, and a large increase in yield compared to the control in strain comparison trials to participate in strain comparison trials.

[0055] A randomized block design was used, with three plantings. Each plot was 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, with 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, and a plot spacing of 0.25m, covering an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds are sown by hand in late March. Varieties with a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control are selected to participate in the provincial regional trials.

[0056] 11. Provincial-level regional trials

[0057] A randomized block design was used, with three plantings. Each plot was 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, with 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, and a plot spacing of 0.25m, covering an area of ​​12.5m2. The seeding rate was calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. Sowing was done by furrowing according to the local sowing period. The resulting 917-2 strain was of the Erlenglan variety, and its yield was 5.2% higher than the control variety Ganqing 4.

[0058] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding two-ridged blue-grain highland barley, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Using *Dulihuang* as the female parent and CA2-1 as the male parent, hybridize and harvest F0 generation seeds; 2) After planting the F0 generation seeds, self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation plants of *Dulihuang* × CA2-1; 3) Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Dulihuang × CA2-1 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds were obtained by hybridization. 4) After planting the F0 generation seeds obtained in step 3), self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation seeds; 5) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 4), self-pollinate, and obtain F2 generation single plant seeds; 6) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 5), and self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a stable line of two-ridged blue barley.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybridization described in steps 1) and 3) includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization includes emasculation, with each plant having 1 emasculated spike.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1) involves removing at least 6 ears of grain.

4. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 3) involves removing more than 10 ears of grain.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), the F2 generation obtained after sowing the F1 generation seeds exhibits phenotypic segregation, and individual plants are harvested for their seeds.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6) The self-pollination process for F3-F5 generations includes: selecting single plants from the previous generation and sowing them individually, with two rows per plant. For the offspring, select single plants that are two-ridged, blue, 75-90cm tall, with ear length ≥8cm, ear number ≥20 grains, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, and strong resistance to lodging and disease. Harvest each single plant individually and air-dry for storage.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, Step 6) The self-pollination F6 generation process includes: selecting stable Erlenglan grain lines with good agronomic morphology, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stable strains of the two-ridged blue barley were subjected to strain identification tests.

9. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Through the aforementioned strain identification test, strains with good overall traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control variety were selected for strain comparison test.

10. The breeding method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Through the aforementioned strain comparison test, strains with good overall traits and yield increases of more than 5% compared to the control variety were selected for regional trials throughout the province.