A method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality based on the combination of different activated carbon source materials

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for increasing the amount and improving the quality of soil organic matter based on the compatibility of different active carbon source materials. First, according to the initial content of soil organic matter, the compatibility ratio and application amount of the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are determined. With three years as a technical cycle, the stable carbon source material is applied once in the first year in combination with deep soil plowing to apply the three-year amount. The biologically active carbon source material is applied in equal amounts each year in combination with deep soil plowing or rotary tillage. Finally, fertilization and sowing operations are carried out in a conventional manner. The content of the invention is completely different from the traditional soil organic fertilization and farming mode. It can be adapted to local conditions. While quickly increasing the content of soil organic matter, it can effectively improve the vitality of soil organic matter, and achieve the simultaneous improvement of cultivated land fertility and production capacity. The technology of the present invention plays an important role in the transformation of medium and low-yield fields, the improvement of cultivated land quality, and the construction of high-standard farmland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality based on the compatibility of different active carbon source materials, and belongs to the technical field of farmland cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Soil organic matter is the basis of soil fertility, food production and soil health, but long-term high-intensity intensive planting not only reduces the amount of soil organic matter, but also further reduces the vitality of organic matter, which has become the fundamental reason for limiting the productivity of cultivated land. The improvement of soil organic matter mainly depends on the increase of exogenous carbon input and the reduction of soil carbon mineralization. For farmland ecosystems, although the use of conservation tillage systems such as reduced tillage and no-tillage can promote the accumulation of soil organic matter by reducing the decomposition rate of organic carbon, the effect is limited, and the scope of application of conservation tillage is often limited to dryland farmland soils in arid and semi-arid climate zones. Artificial addition of exogenous organic carbon is the most effective way to increase soil organic matter. Studies have shown that the necessary condition for a substantial increase in soil organic matter is sufficient exogenous organic matter input.

[0003] At present, exogenous carbon sources such as crop straw, organic fertilizer, and stable humus materials are widely used to rapidly improve farmland soil organic matter. However, these organic fertilization measures are not targeted, not targeted enough, and have rough application technology. The quantity and quality of organic matter play different roles in maintaining soil fertility and function. The increase in the amount of soil organic matter is mainly manifested in reducing soil bulk density, promoting aggregate formation, and improving soil pore structure, while the improvement of soil organic matter quality is mainly through stimulating the number and activity of soil microbial flora to promote the circulation and transformation of nutrients, thereby achieving the purpose of balanced nutrient supply. For poor farmland soil, increasing its organic matter content, especially the content of stable organic matter components, is the primary goal of targeted improvement of cultivated land fertility, and plays an important role in maintaining or increasing crop yields; in contrast, for farmland soil with higher basic fertility, increasing its organic matter content, especially the content of active organic matter components, is the targeted goal of achieving high-standard farmland quality improvement and transformation, and plays an important role in further increasing crop yields and improving the quality of agricultural products. Therefore, developing soil organic fertilization technologies or methods according to local conditions and targetedly improving the quantity and quality of soil organic matter have important strategic and practical significance for improving arable land fertility, ensuring food security and optimizing the quality of agricultural products. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for increasing the amount of soil organic matter and improving the quality of soil based on the combination of different activated carbon source materials. The method can be adapted to local conditions and effectively improve the activity of soil organic matter while rapidly increasing the content of soil organic matter, thereby achieving a simultaneous improvement in the fertility and productivity of cultivated land.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality based on the compatibility of different activated carbon source materials, characterized in that:

[0007] 1) Detect the soil organic matter content and apply exogenous carbon sources according to the soil organic matter content. Specifically, when the soil organic matter content is less than 15g kg -1 The total amount of external carbon applied each year is no less than 3000kg Cha -1 Among the exogenous carbon sources, the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are matched in a carbon content ratio of 9:1;

[0008] When the soil organic matter content is 15-25g kg -1 The total amount of external carbon applied each year is not less than 2000kg Cha -1 , the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are matched in a carbon content ratio of 8:2;

[0009] When the soil organic matter content is greater than 25 g kg -1 The total amount of external carbon applied each year is no less than 1000 kg C ha -1 , the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are matched in a carbon content ratio of 7:3;

[0010] 2) The application method is to use three years as a technical cycle, and different active carbon source materials are applied to the soil in combination with the soil tillage system. Among them, the stable carbon source material is applied in one year in combination with deep soil plowing for three years, and the biological active carbon source material is applied in equal amounts each year in combination with deep soil plowing or rotary tillage.

[0011] Preferably, the stable carbon source includes at least one of biochar and peat products, and the biologically active carbon source material includes at least one of potassium humate organic fertilizer and animal manure.

[0012] Preferably, the biochar is made from crop straw by thermal cracking at a high temperature of 400-500° C., and the carbon content on a dry basis is not less than 30%.

[0013] Preferably, the peat product is an organic soil conditioner made from herbaceous peat, moss peat or woody peat as an organic source, and the carbon content on a dry basis is not less than 50%.

[0014] Preferably, the potassium humate organic fertilizer is a biologically active carbon source organic fertilizer made from one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal as raw materials, and the dry basis active organic carbon content characterized by easily oxidizable organic carbon is not less than 20%.

[0015] Preferably, animal manure is a bioactive carbon source organic fertilizer made by fermenting animal manure at ≥25°C for not less than 4 months, meets the requirements of NY / T 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer", and has a dry basis active organic carbon content of not less than 20%.

[0016] Preferably, the application method in the first year of each technical cycle is to evenly apply the three-year amount of stable carbon source and the first year's amount of biologically active carbon source material to the soil surface, and deep plowing the soil to a depth of 25 to 30 cm; the application method in the second and third years is to evenly apply the current year's biologically active carbon source material to the soil surface, and rotary tillage the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are at a wind speed of 3.3 ms. -1 When the wind speed is below 3.3ms, the material is evenly scattered on the soil surface; when the wind speed exceeds 3.3ms -1 When the exogenous carbon source material is used, it is first sprayed with water and mixed to make its water content reach between 25% and 30%, and then the material is evenly scattered on the soil surface.

[0018] Preferably, after the application of the exogenous carbon source is completed, fertilization and sowing operations are carried out in a conventional manner.

[0019] Preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients introduced into the soil by the biologically active carbon source materials should be deducted during fertilization. The fertilizer type used during fertilization is a mineral compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients or a single nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. At the same time, 20 to 30 kg N ha of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is added when sowing crops in the first year. -1 In order to save the mechanical input cost of applying exogenous carbon source materials and not affect the application effect, three years' worth of stable carbon source materials are applied to the soil at one time in the first year of each technical cycle. However, this behavior will also lead to a significant increase in the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio in the first year. By increasing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and reducing the carbon-nitrogen ratio, it is possible to effectively avoid microorganisms engaged in the decomposition of stable carbon source materials from competing with crops for nitrogen.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The method of the present invention can quickly increase the total organic matter content of the cultivated layer soil. The present invention proposes a soil organic matter increment and quality improvement method based on the compatibility of different active carbon source materials, wherein the stable carbon source material has a high carbon content and stable properties, is similar to the soil humus component, and is difficult to be decomposed and utilized by microorganisms in a short period of time after being applied to the soil. On this basis, these stable carbon source materials combined with the soil deep plowing system can also indirectly increase the accumulation of soil organic matter by increasing the thickness of the cultivated layer, promoting crop growth, and increasing the root system and its secretions.

[0021] The method of the present invention can quickly improve the activity of soil organic matter. The present invention proposes a soil organic matter increment and quality improvement method based on the compatibility of different activated carbon source materials, wherein the active organic carbon contained in the biological active carbon source material accounts for more than 60% of its total carbon content, and after being applied to the soil, it can quickly stimulate the number of microbial flora and metabolic activity, and then quickly decompose these exogenous active carbon components and release nutrients. At the same time, the input of exogenous activated carbon can also promote the decomposition of old soil organic carbon by exerting a positive excitation effect, thereby improving the activity of soil organic matter.

[0022] The method of the present invention can effectively improve the comprehensive fertility of farmland soil. The present invention proposes a method for increasing soil organic matter and improving the quality based on the compatibility of different activated carbon source materials. The application of stable carbon source materials in combination with deep tillage of the soil is beneficial to breaking the hard plow bottom layer, reducing soil bulk density, promoting aggregate formation, improving pore structure, etc., while the application of biologically active carbon source materials is beneficial to stimulating the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms and improving nutrient storage and supply capacity, thereby exerting a role in various aspects of soil physical, chemical and biological properties to achieve rapid fertilization of the entire soil plow layer.

[0023] The method of the present invention can effectively improve the productivity of cultivated land. The present invention achieves soil organic matter increment and quality improvement through the combination of different activated carbon source materials, improves the fertility and soil environment of the cultivated layer soil, and can effectively promote crop growth and increase crop grain output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Comparison of total organic matter content in soils treated with different tests in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 2 Comparison of soil active organic matter content in different test treatments in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 3 Comparison of crop yields in different test treatments in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 4 Comparison of total organic matter content in soils treated with different tests in Example 2.

[0028] Figure 5 Comparison of soil active organic matter content in different test treatments in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 6 Comparison of crop yields in different test treatments in Example 2.

[0030] Figure 7 Comparison of total organic matter content in soils treated with different tests in Example 3.

[0031] Figure 8 Comparison of soil active organic matter content in different test treatments in Example 3.

[0032] Fig. 9 Comparison of crop yields in different test treatments in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not intended to limit the present invention. The following provides specific instruments or reagent materials used in the embodiments of the present invention. However, it should be understood that these are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the present invention, and materials identical or similar to the types, models, qualities, properties or functions of the following reagents and instruments can be used to implement the present invention. If not specifically indicated, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific determination methods not indicated in the test are all based on the determination methods described in Lu Rukun et al., Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Methods, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press 1999.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This experiment was conducted in the medium-thick black soil of Hailun City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province. Before the experiment, the initial basic fertility characteristics of the soil were organic matter 55.38 g kg -1 , total nitrogen 2.41 g kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.89g kg -1 , total potassium 22.50g kg -1 , alkaline nitrogen 188.76 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 30.45mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 159.67mg kg -1 , pH 7.81. According to the different application amounts of different activated carbon source materials, compatibility ratios and soil tillage methods, the experiment set up 7 treatments in total. The crop type planted during the experiment was corn, and the fertilization, sowing and other field management of each experimental treatment were consistent.

[0036] The specific implementation steps of the experiment are as follows:

[0037] Step 1, select woody peat conditioner and animal manure as stable carbon source and biologically active carbon source materials respectively, wherein the woody peat conditioner comes from Zhongxiang Xuyao ​​Technology Co., Ltd., which is a soil organic improvement product made from woody peat as an organic source, with a dry basis carbon content of 57.3%; the animal manure comes from Nanjing Sanmei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., which is a biologically active carbon source organic fertilizer made by fermenting animal manure at ≥25°C for not less than 4 months, which meets the requirements of "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525-2021), and the dry basis easily oxidizable organic carbon content is 21.4%.

[0038] Step 2: The total amount of exogenous carbon applied each year is set to 1000 kg C ha -1The carbon ratios of the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source materials were set as follows: 1) conventional tillage (shallow rotary tillage) without adding exogenous carbon (H1); 2) deep and shallow intermittent tillage without adding exogenous carbon (H2); 3) deep and shallow intermittent tillage at a carbon ratio of 10:0 (H3); 4) deep and shallow intermittent tillage at a carbon ratio of 9:1 (H4); 5) deep and shallow intermittent tillage at a carbon ratio of 8:2 (H5); 6) deep and shallow intermittent tillage at a carbon ratio of 7:3 (H6); 7) deep and shallow intermittent tillage at a carbon ratio of 6:4 (H7).

[0039] Step 3, with three years as a technical cycle, woody peat amendment is applied once in the first year in combination with deep soil plowing for three years, while animal manure is applied in equal amounts each year in combination with soil rotary tillage. The soil deep plowing depth is 25 to 30 cm, and the rotary tillage depth is 12 to 15 cm.

[0040] Step 4: Different activated carbon source materials are heated at a wind speed not exceeding 3.3 ms. -1 When the wind speed exceeds 3.3ms, directly use the organic material spreader to evenly apply it on the soil surface. -1 When applying organic materials, first spray them with water and mix them evenly to make the moisture content reach between 25% and 30%, and then use an organic material spreader to evenly apply it on the soil surface.

[0041] Step 5: Finally, fertilize and sow in the usual way. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients added to the soil by animal manure should be deducted from the fertilization. The fertilizer types are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium single element fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is heavy superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amounts are 200 kg N ha respectively. -1 、80kg P2O5 ha -1 and 75kg K2O ha -1 At the same time, 45 kg ha of urea was added when sowing the first year crop. -1 .

[0042] The results of field trials are as follows Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it can be seen that:

[0043] Compared with conventional tillage treatment, the contents of total organic matter and active organic matter (characterized by easily oxidizable organic matter) in the 0-20 cm soil of deep and shallow intermittent tillage (H2) increased by 2.59% and 0.17%, respectively, and the corn yield of deep and shallow intermittent tillage treatment also increased by 2.20% compared with conventional tillage; the application of exogenous carbon source materials for fertilization further increased the total organic matter, active organic matter and corn yield in the soil, but the experimental effects showed obvious differences due to the different compatibility ratios of different active carbon source materials. Among them, the combination of stable carbon source and biological active carbon source materials in a carbon ratio of 7:3 (H6) had the greatest comprehensive improvement effect on cultivated land fertility and production capacity, and the total organic matter, active organic matter and corn yield in the soil increased by 7.00%, 14.10% and 16.68%, respectively; although increasing the application amount of biological active carbon source materials is beneficial to increasing the content of soil active organic matter, it is not conducive to the sequestration of the total soil carbon pool and has no obvious effect on corn yield increase.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The experiment was conducted in tidal brown soil in Changtu County, Tieling City, Liaoning Province. Before the experiment, the initial basic fertility characteristics of the soil were organic matter 18.04 g kg -1 , total nitrogen 1.26g kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.66g kg -1 , total potassium 19.54g kg -1 , alkaline nitrogen 108.23 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 44.85 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 255.90mg kg -1 , pH 6.10. According to the different application amounts and compatibility ratios of different activated carbon source materials, a total of 6 treatments were set up in the experiment. The crop type planted during the experiment was corn, and the fertilization, sowing and other field management of each experimental treatment were consistent.

[0046] The specific implementation steps of the experiment are as follows:

[0047] Step 1, select biochar and animal manure as stable carbon source and biologically active carbon source materials respectively, wherein the biochar comes from Jiangsu Huafeng Agricultural Bioengineering Co., Ltd., which is made by high-temperature thermal cracking of corn straw at 400-500°C, with a dry basis carbon content of 32.4%, and the animal manure comes from Nanjing Sanmei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.

[0048] Step 2: The total amount of exogenous carbon applied each year is set to 2000 kg C ha -1The carbon ratios of the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source materials are set as follows: 1) control treatment without adding exogenous carbon (M1); 2) a carbon ratio of 10:0 (M2); 3) a carbon ratio of 9:1 (M3); 4) a carbon ratio of 8:2 (M4); 5) a carbon ratio of 7:3 (M5); 6) a carbon ratio of 6:4 (M6).

[0049] Step 3, with three years as a technical cycle, biochar was applied once in the first year in combination with deep soil plowing, while animal manure was applied in equal amounts each year in combination with soil rotary tillage. The soil deep plowing depth was 25-30 cm, and the rotary tillage depth was 12-15 cm. The control treatment without adding exogenous carbon in this experiment adopted the same tillage system.

[0050] Step 4: Different activated carbon source materials are heated at a wind speed not exceeding 3.3 ms. -1 When the wind speed exceeds 3.3ms, directly use the organic material spreader to evenly apply it on the soil surface. -1 When applying organic materials, first spray them with water and mix them evenly to make the moisture content reach between 25% and 30%, and then use an organic material spreader to evenly apply it on the soil surface.

[0051] Step 5: Finally, fertilize and sow in the usual way. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients added to the soil by animal manure should be deducted from the fertilization. The fertilizer types are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium single element fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is heavy superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amounts are 240 kg N ha respectively. -1 、90kg P2O5 ha -1 and 90kg K2O ha -1 At the same time, 60 kg ha of urea was added when sowing the first year crop. -1 .

[0052] The results of field trials are as follows Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, it can be seen that:

[0053] Compared with the control treatment, the application of exogenous source materials for fertilization is beneficial to quickly increase the total organic matter, active organic matter and corn yield in the 0-20 cm soil, but the experimental effect shows obvious differences due to the different compatibility ratios of different active carbon source materials. Among them, the combination of stable carbon source and biological active carbon source materials in a carbon ratio of 8:2 (M4) has the greatest effect on the comprehensive improvement of cultivated land fertility and production capacity, and the total soil organic matter, active organic matter and corn yield increased by 6.71%, 7.80% and 16.32% respectively; although increasing the application amount of biological active carbon source materials is beneficial to increasing the content of soil active organic matter, it is not conducive to the sequestration of the total soil carbon pool, and has no obvious effect on increasing corn yield.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This experiment was conducted in the Shajiang black soil of Guzhen, Bengbu City, Anhui Province. Before the experiment, the initial basic fertility characteristics of the soil were organic matter 13.60 g kg -1 , total nitrogen 0.95g kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.40g kg -1 , total potassium 13.40g kg -1 , alkaline nitrogen 84.60 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 13.40 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 82.00mg kg -1 , pH 7.10. According to the different application amounts and compatibility ratios of different activated carbon source materials, the experiment set up 5 treatments in total. During the experiment, the crop type planted was winter wheat-summer corn rotation with two crops per year. The fertilization, sowing and other field management of each experimental treatment were consistent.

[0056] The specific implementation steps of the experiment are as follows:

[0057] Step 1, select woody peat conditioner and potassium humate organic fertilizer as stable carbon source and biologically active carbon source materials respectively, wherein the woody peat conditioner comes from Zhongxiang Xuyao ​​Technology Co., Ltd., and the potassium humate organic fertilizer comes from Zhongxiang Xuyao ​​Technology Co., Ltd., which is a biologically active carbon source organic fertilizer formed by separating and reprocessing woody peat as raw material through a series of physical and chemical reactions, and the dry basis easily oxidizable organic carbon content is 25.4%. The difference between it and the woody peat conditioner is that the former is an organic fertilizer made from the separated active carbon component (easily decomposed and utilized by microorganisms) as the main component, while the latter is a soil organic improvement product made from the separated stable carbon component (resistant to microbial decomposition) as the main component.

[0058] Step 2: The total amount of exogenous carbon applied each year is set to 3000 kg C ha -1 The carbon ratio of the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material is set as follows: 1) control treatment without adding exogenous carbon (L1); 2) a carbon ratio of 10:0 (L2); 3) a carbon ratio of 9:1 (L3); 4) a carbon ratio of 8:2 (L4); 5) a carbon ratio of 7:3 (L5).

[0059] Step 3, with three years as a technical cycle, woody peat amendment was applied once in the first year in combination with deep soil plowing, and potassium humate organic fertilizer was applied in equal amounts each year in combination with soil rotary tillage. The soil deep plowing depth was 25-30 cm, and the rotary tillage depth was 12-15 cm. The control treatment without adding exogenous carbon in this experiment adopted the same tillage system, and the tillage system in all treatments was only used in the wheat planting season, and corn was sown by no-tillage.

[0060] Step 4: Different activated carbon source materials are heated at a wind speed not exceeding 3.3 ms. -1 When the wind speed exceeds 3.3ms, directly use the organic material spreader to evenly apply it on the soil surface. -1 When applying organic materials, first spray them with water and mix them evenly to make the moisture content reach between 25% and 30%, and then use an organic material spreader to evenly apply it on the soil surface.

[0061] Step 5: Finally, fertilization and sowing were carried out in the usual way. Fertilization included wheat and corn. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for both seasons was 285 kg N ha. -1 、60kg P2O5 ha -1 and 45kg K2O ha -1 Nitrogen fertilizer is divided into base fertilizer and topdressing. The base fertilizer is a mineral compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and the topdressing is urea. The base fertilizer and topdressing ratio of wheat season is 6:4, and the base fertilizer and topdressing ratio of corn season is 4:6. The nutrients contained in the activated carbon source material input in this embodiment are all fast-acting nutrients, which can replace the additional chemical nitrogen fertilizer to a certain extent.

[0062] The results of field trials are as follows Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, it can be seen that:

[0063] Compared with the control treatment, the application of exogenous carbon source materials for fertilization is beneficial to quickly increase the total organic matter, active organic matter and crop yield in the 0-20 cm soil, but the experimental effect shows obvious differences due to the different compatibility ratios of different active carbon source materials. Among them, the combination of stable carbon source and biological active carbon source materials in a carbon ratio of 9:1 (L3) has the greatest effect on the comprehensive improvement of cultivated land fertility and production capacity. The total soil organic matter, active organic matter, wheat yield, corn yield and annual total crop production capacity increased by 19.70%, 15.65%, 9.95%, 15.78% and 12.54% respectively; although increasing the application amount of biological active carbon source materials is beneficial to increasing the content of soil active organic matter, it is not conducive to the sequestration of the total soil carbon pool, and has no obvious effect on corn yield increase.

Claims

1. A method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality based on the compatibility of different activated carbon source materials, characterized in that: 1) Detect the content of soil organic matter and apply exogenous carbon sources according to the content of soil organic matter. Specifically, when the content of soil organic matter is less than 15 g kg -1 The total amount of external carbon applied each year is no less than 3000 kg C ha -1 Among the exogenous carbon sources, the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are matched in a carbon content ratio of 9:1; When the soil organic matter content is 15-25 g kg -1 The total amount of external carbon applied each year is no less than 2000 kg C ha -1 , the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are matched in a carbon content ratio of 8:2; When the soil organic matter content is greater than 25 g kg -1 The total amount of external carbon applied each year is no less than 1000 kg C ha -1 , the stable carbon source and the biologically active carbon source material are matched in a carbon content ratio of 7:3; The stable carbon source includes at least one of biochar and peat products, and the biologically active carbon source material includes at least one of potassium humate organic fertilizer and animal manure; 2) The application method is to apply different active carbon source materials into the soil in combination with soil tillage system with a three-year technical cycle. The stable carbon source materials are applied once in the first year in combination with deep soil plowing to achieve the three-year amount, and the biological active carbon source materials are applied in equal amounts each year in combination with deep soil plowing or rotary tillage. The application method in the first year of each technical cycle is to evenly apply the three-year amount of stable carbon source and the first-year amount of biologically active carbon source materials to the soil surface, and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm; the application method in the second and third years is to evenly apply the biologically active carbon source materials of the current year to the soil surface, and rotary till the soil to a depth of 12-15 cm; After the application of exogenous carbon source, fertilization and sowing operations are carried out in the usual way. When fertilizing, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients introduced into the soil by the biologically active carbon source materials need to be deducted. The fertilizer type used during fertilization is mineral compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium single element fertilizers. At the same time, chemical nitrogen fertilizer is added at 20-30 kg N ha when sowing crops in the first year. -1 .

2. The method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Biochar is made from crop straw through thermal cracking at 400-500°C, with a dry basis carbon content of no less than 30%.

3. The method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Peat products are soil organic conditioners made from herbaceous peat, moss peat or woody peat as organic sources, with a dry basis carbon content of not less than 50%.

4. The method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Potassium humate organic fertilizer is a biologically active carbon source organic fertilizer made from one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal as raw materials. The dry basis active organic carbon content characterized by easily oxidizable organic carbon is not less than 20%.

5. The method for increasing soil organic matter and improving its quality according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Stable carbon source and biologically active carbon source materials at wind speed of 3.3 ms -1 When the wind speed is below 3.3 ms, directly scatter the material evenly on the soil surface; when the wind speed exceeds 3.3 ms -1 When using, first spray the exogenous carbon source material with water and mix it evenly to make its moisture content reach between 25% and 30%, and then evenly spread the material on the soil surface.

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