An impact-resistant structural component, an automobile, and a method for manufacturing the impact-resistant structural component.

Abstract

This invention relates to an impact-resistant structural component, an automobile, and a method for manufacturing the impact-resistant structural component, belonging to the technical field of automotive structural components. The impact-resistant structural component comprises, from top to bottom: a surface layer, an impact-resistant layer, and a bottom layer; the surface layer is a plastic matrix material; the impact-resistant layer includes a composite fiber material, which includes an anchoring portion and a filling portion in the thickness direction. The composite fibers in the anchoring portion are embedded in the plastic matrix material of the surface layer, anchoring the composite fiber material within the plastic matrix material and bonding it to the surface layer; the fiber gaps in the filling portion are filled with a shear thickener; the bottom layer is an injection-molded material layer, surrounding the bottom and sides of the impact-resistant layer, and directly contacting and fusing with the surface layer around the perimeter of the impact-resistant layer. This invention uses hot pressing and injection molding to form the impact-resistant structural component containing shear thickener, eliminating the need for pre-preparing a cavity structure to accommodate the shear thickener using mechanical methods. The structure is simple, the product has fewer parts, and is lightweight. Compared to the technique of filling a pre-prepared cavity with shear thickening fluid and then sealing the cavity, this method can significantly reduce the thickness of the product and provides greater design flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive structural component technology, specifically relating to an impact-resistant structural component, an automobile, and a method for manufacturing the impact-resistant structural component. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] The typical impact-resistant structural design of a car body utilizes special shapes and structures to enhance impact resistance. Flexible intelligent impact-resistant materials, on the other hand, employ shear-thickening fluids or adhesives. They possess intelligent properties: at very low shear rates, they have low viscosity and are relatively soft; when subjected to a sudden impact, high-speed shear deformation occurs within the material, rapidly increasing its strength. This not only allows for better absorption of impact energy but also enables the timely dispersion of locally received impact energy to adjacent areas, resulting in superior impact resistance compared to simple reinforcing ribs or other mechanical impact-resistant structures.

[0004] Currently, the design of structural components utilizing shear-thickening fluids or shear-thickening adhesives mainly falls into two directions. One direction involves immersing materials in shear-thickening fluids to improve their impact resistance. For example, the technical document CN 111910436A (Shear-thickening Protective Fluid and Its Application) discloses a technical solution for immersing fiber fabrics in shear-thickening fluids to increase the energy absorption of projectiles by the fiber fabrics. The drawback is that the product always remains flexible and cannot be manufactured to maintain a fixed shape in non-collision states. The other direction involves filling pre-prepared cavities with shear-thickening fluid and then sealing the cavities. For example, the technical document CN113551559 A (A Multicellular Soft Material Filled with Shear-Thickening Fluid, Laminated Protective Structure and Preparation Method) has the drawback of complex cavity structures, making manufacturing difficult and preventing the production of thin-walled parts, such as automotive interior and exterior trim. Currently, there are also technical solutions for preparing resin materials rich in micropores and filling the micropores with shear thickening liquid, such as the technical document with publication number CN109666219A (polypropylene / shear thickening gel composite material and its application in bumpers). However, the plastic matrix material needs to be modified, the flexibility of material selection is poor, and the processing is difficult, so only simple structures or shapes can be designed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an impact-resistant structural component, an automobile, and a method for manufacturing the impact-resistant structural component. The method employs a prepreg hot pressing process and an injection molding process to incorporate a shear thickening system into the interior of the structural component, thereby obtaining an integrated structural component with intelligent impact resistance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an impact-resistant structural component comprises, from top to bottom: a surface layer, an impact-resistant layer, and a bottom layer;

[0008] The surface layer is a plastic matrix material;

[0009] The impact-resistant layer includes a composite fiber material, which includes an anchoring portion and a filling portion in the thickness direction. The composite fibers in the anchoring portion are embedded in the plastic matrix material of the surface layer, so that the composite fiber material is anchored in the plastic matrix material and bonded to the surface layer. The fiber gaps in the filling portion are filled with a shear thickener.

[0010] The bottom layer is an injection-molded material layer that surrounds the bottom and sides of the impact-resistant layer and is in direct contact with the top layer around the impact-resistant layer and is fused together.

[0011] Secondly, an automobile uses the aforementioned impact-resistant structural component and uses the structural component as an exterior part of the automobile, including one or more of a hood and door panels, and can also be used as an interior panel.

[0012] Thirdly, the preparation method of the above-mentioned impact structural component includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Obtain a composite fiber material and fill the fiber gaps of the composite fiber material with a shear thickening liquid;

[0014] S2. The composite fiber material filled with shear thickening liquid is baked and dried to remove the solvent of the shear thickening liquid, thereby obtaining an impact-resistant layer in which shear thickening body is filled in the fiber gaps.

[0015] S3. After preheating the plastic sheet used as the surface layer, place it into a hot press mold, place the impact-resistant layer on top of the plastic sheet and then hot press it, so that the composite fibers of the impact-resistant layer in contact with the surface layer are immersed in the plastic sheet to form an anchoring part, so that the impact-resistant layer and the surface layer are bonded together. Then, remove the pressure and bake it at the same temperature as the hot pressing temperature to bond the anchoring part of the impact-resistant layer with the surface layer and set it.

[0016] S4. Place the combined surface layer and impact-resistant layer obtained in S3 into the cavity of the injection mold, with the impact-resistant layer facing the injection gate, and obtain an integrated impact-resistant structural component through injection molding.

[0017] In each step, the heating temperature and time are lower than the pyrolysis temperature and time of the shear thickening liquid.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention integrates an impact-resistant structural component containing a shear-thickening system into a single unit using hot pressing and injection molding techniques. It eliminates the need for pre-fabricating a cavity to hold the shear-thickening fluid using mechanical methods, resulting in a simpler structure, fewer parts, and lighter weight. Compared to techniques that fill a pre-prepared cavity with shear-thickening fluid and then seal it, this invention allows for a significant reduction in product thickness and offers greater design flexibility.

[0020] 2. This invention employs a hot-pressing process to bond fiber fabric to a rigid surface layer. At the hot-pressing temperature, the plastic matrix material of the surface layer is softer than the composite fibers, allowing the composite fibers to immerse or penetrate into the plastic matrix material. After cooling, these fibers become the anchoring element of the composite fiber material, thus bonding the surface layer and fiber fabric together. This allows for the shaping of fiber fabrics filled with a shear-thickening system. The invention offers numerous advantages, including good process feasibility, a wide range of dimensional and structural variations, diverse designs, and the ability to modify the impact resistance of the same product according to actual needs.

[0021] 3. The materials of this invention require no modification or mixing with plastics, making the process simpler and easier to implement. The composition of the impact-resistant layer can be changed on the same product to produce structural components with different impact resistance effects, meeting personalized or diverse selection requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure with a covering layer in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural component with reinforcing ribs in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structural component in Example 1 that has both reinforcing ribs and a covering layer.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the cabin cover in Example 2.

[0027] The structure consists of: 1. Top layer; 2. Impact-resistant layer; 3. Bottom layer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0029] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] An impact-resistant structural component, such as Figure 1 As shown, from top to bottom, it includes: top layer 1, impact-resistant layer 2, and bottom layer 3;

[0032] Surface layer 1 is a plastic matrix material;

[0033] The impact-resistant layer 2 includes a composite fiber material, which includes an anchoring part and a filling part in the thickness direction. The composite fibers in the anchoring part are embedded in the plastic matrix material of the surface layer 1, so that the composite fiber material is anchored in the plastic matrix material and bonded to the surface layer 1. The fiber gaps in the filling part are filled with shear thickener.

[0034] The bottom layer 3 is an injection-molded material layer. The bottom layer 3 surrounds the bottom and sides of the impact-resistant layer 2, and is in direct contact with the top layer 1 around the impact-resistant layer 2 and is fused together.

[0035] Shear thickener is the residue after solvent removal from diluted shear thickener; under normal operating conditions, depending on the shear thickening system, it is either a solid state that adheres to the fiber and fills the fiber gaps or a high-viscosity paste state; the shear thickener that adheres to and contacts each other according to the fiber surface structure has integrity and undergoes intelligent hardening according to the characteristics of the shear thickening system after being impacted.

[0036] With the above settings, the fibers in the impact-resistant layer 2 are fixed between the surface layer 1 and the bottom layer 3, which can obtain a product with a specific shape. The shear thickener filling the fibers is located in the cavity between the surface layer 1 and the bottom layer 3. It can quickly harden from a flexible state when subjected to impact. The closer to the impact center, the greater the shear rate and the higher the degree of hardening. This property can disperse the impact force and has intelligent impact resistance.

[0037] Optionally, the thickness of the surface layer 1 is 1 to 10 cm, preferably 1.5 to 5 mm.

[0038] Optionally, in the impact-resistant layer 2, the thickness of the composite fiber material other than the composite fiber material anchored in the plastic matrix material is 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm.

[0039] Optionally, the area of ​​the impact-resistant layer 2 is smaller than that of the surface layer 1, and the distance between the edge of the impact-resistant layer 2 and the edge of the surface layer 1 is 1 to 10 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm. At the edge position where the surface layer 1 is larger than the impact-resistant layer 2, the surface layer 1 and the bottom layer 3 are integrated.

[0040] Optionally, the bottom layer 3 may have reinforcing ribs or other shaped structures on the side away from the top layer 1 to meet the assembly or appearance requirements of the component; such as Figure 1 As shown, the bottom layer 3 can be a single, integral layer covering the surface of the impact-resistant layer 2; as Figure 2 As shown, to ensure the product's shape and bending performance, the bottom layer 3 can use a reinforcing rib structure to support the impact-resistant layer 2, with the rib height reaching 22mm; as Figure 3 As shown, the bottom layer 3 can be designed as a structure with both reinforcing ribs and a covering layer.

[0041] Because the fiber structure is mainly a woven fiber structure, the surface has many uneven or gap structures, which allows shear thickening liquid to penetrate or enter. It also allows the plastic matrix material of the top layer 1 and the injection molding material of the bottom layer 3, which are in a flowing state at high temperature, to penetrate into the fiber structure layer. This structure is beneficial to the penetration or entry of shear thickening liquid on the one hand, improving the impact resistance; on the other hand, it is beneficial to the entry of the top layer 1 and the bottom layer 3, forming various tooth-like structures when combined with the impact-resistant layer 2, which is beneficial to the bonding between the layers. Even when the fiber structure is relatively thin, the top layer 1 and the bottom layer 3 may be directly connected through the gaps in the fiber layers.

[0042] Specifically, Figure 1 In the middle, the toothed structure is obtained on the lower surface of the surface layer 1 that is in direct contact with the fibers of the impact-resistant layer 2. The protrusions of the toothed structure can combine more composite fibers during the hot pressing process, which can strengthen the bonding effect between the surface layer 1 and the impact-resistant layer 2. The recesses of the toothed structure can accommodate more shear thickening liquid, which is beneficial to improving the impact resistance of this position. Figure 2 In the middle, the impact-resistant layer 2 is exposed in the gap of the bottom layer 3, but because the shear thickener is filled and fixed in the fiber gaps, it will not be lost from the gap of the bottom layer 3, and Figure 2 As shown in the partial schematic diagram, the bottom layer 3 and the top layer 1 are also in contact at the edge of the impact-resistant layer 2 and are fused together. Figure 3 In some areas where the impact-resistant layer 2 is relatively thin, the toothed structure of the surface layer 1 and the bottom layer 3 can even directly contact each other through the fiber gaps, thereby strengthening the connection and improving dimensional stability and preventing separation of the layers.

[0043] Optionally, the plastic matrix material includes: plastics and their derivatives, including but not limited to polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), glass fiber modified PP, etc., and one or more of their derivatives.

[0044] Optionally, the composite fiber material may contain one or more of the following: cotton fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, hemp fiber, bamboo fiber, and Kevlar fiber, with the fibers arranged in a single-layer or multi-layer woven or textile structure, and the fibers arranged in a set direction.

[0045] Optionally, the shear thickener comprises: a high-viscosity polymer and micro / nano-scale solid powder dispersed in the polymer; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene glycol, polyborosiloxane, and styrene, and the micro / nano-scale solid powder comprises one or more of silica, calcium carbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate; the properties of the shear thickener are: at room temperature, it is a solid state formed by the bonding of micro / nano-scale solid powder or a paste with extremely high viscosity; inside the impact-resistant layer 2, it is a solid state or a high-viscosity paste state that adheres to the fibers and fills the gaps between the fibers; when subjected to impact and in a state of high-speed shear motion, its strength increases rapidly and it resists impact; due to the bonding effect of the micro / nano-scale solid powder, the shear thickened liquid exhibits a higher viscosity than the simple polymer.

[0046] Optionally, the shear thickener may be selected from one or more of the following: nano silica / PEG system, calcium carbonate / PEG system, polymethyl methacrylate / PEG system, and styrene / ionic liquid system.

[0047] Optionally, the injection molding material layer may be made of one or more of PP, PS and PA, and be compatible with the plastic matrix material to ensure the integrity of the structural component.

[0048] The preparation method of the above-mentioned impact-resistant structural component includes the following steps:

[0049] S1. Obtain the composite fiber material and fill the gaps between the fibers of the composite fiber material with shear thickening liquid;

[0050] S2. The composite fiber material filled with shear thickening liquid is baked and dried to remove the solvent of the shear thickening liquid, thereby obtaining an impact-resistant layer 2 in which shear thickening body is filled in the fiber gaps.

[0051] S3. After preheating the plastic sheet as surface layer 1, place it into a hot press mold, place the impact-resistant layer 2 on top of the plastic sheet and then hot press it, so that the composite fibers of the impact-resistant layer 2 in contact with the surface layer 1 are immersed in the plastic sheet to form an anchoring part, so that the impact-resistant layer 2 and the surface layer 1 are bonded together. Then remove the pressure and bake at the same temperature as the hot pressing temperature.

[0052] S4. Place the combined surface layer 1 and impact-resistant layer 2 obtained in S3 into the cavity of the injection mold, with the impact-resistant layer 2 facing upwards, and prepare the bottom layer 3 by injection molding to obtain an integrated impact-resistant structural component.

[0053] In each step, the heating temperature and time are lower than the pyrolysis temperature and time of the shear thickening liquid.

[0054] Through the above steps, the molding of an integrated material can be achieved below the pyrolysis temperature of the shear thickening liquid: at the hot pressing temperature, the plastic matrix material of the surface layer 1 is in a softened state, which is softer than the composite fiber. Under the pressure from above, the composite fiber can be immersed or pierced into the plastic matrix material of the surface layer 1. That is, the lower fiber of the composite material and the plastic matrix of the surface layer 1 form a state similar to a prepreg, and are integrated with the plastic matrix material. After cooling, it becomes the anchoring part of the composite fiber material, combining the surface layer 1 with the fiber fabric. The upper fiber of the composite material is still located above the plastic matrix, providing an adhesion site (or storage space) for the shear thickener. Thus, through simple steps, the shear thickening system, which originally had no fixed properties, is contained in the cavity between the surface layer 1 and the bottom layer 3.

[0055] Optionally, composite fiber material of a set shape and size can be cut in S1.

[0056] Optionally, in S2, the method of filling the shear thickening liquid into the fiber gaps of the composite fiber material includes one or more of the following: soaking, spraying, and brushing. To facilitate filling, a certain proportion of solvent is usually added to the shear thickening liquid to enhance its fluidity. After filling, in order to obtain the shear thickened body in service condition, the solvent needs to be removed. The method of removing the solvent is baking. During the baking process, as the solvent is removed, the viscosity of the shear thickening liquid gradually increases and transforms into a paste with extremely high viscosity in a solid state, which is bonded by micro-nano-level solid powder. It has a certain plasticity and, with the joint support of the fiber and the micro-nano-level powder, the polymer in it will not be lost.

[0057] Optionally, the baking and drying temperature is 60–200 degrees Celsius, and the baking and drying time is 2–48 hours, which is lower than the pyrolysis temperature and time of the shear thickening liquid; preferably, when the material is selected as a nano-sized silica and polyethylene glycol system, the baking and drying temperature is 60–160 degrees Celsius, and the baking and drying time is 4–24 hours.

[0058] Optionally, in S2, a two-roll mill is used to remove excess shear thickening liquid from the composite fiber material before baking and drying to obtain an appropriate thickness.

[0059] Optionally, in S3, the preheating temperature is 60-160℃ and the preheating time is 0.5-4h; preferably, when the plastic matrix material of the surface layer 1 is selected as PP, the preheating temperature is 80-100℃ and the preheating time is 1-2h; preheating is to release the internal stress of the sheet and to maintain dimensional stability after stress release.

[0060] Optionally, in S3, the hot pressing process parameters are: pressure 10-100MPa, hot pressing temperature 110-300℃, and time 5-60min; preferably, based on processability and production efficiency considerations, the pressure is 20-60MPa, the hot pressing temperature is 130-200℃, and the time is 10-30min; during this process, the surface layer 1 and the impact-resistant layer 2 are basically formed together, but the surface of the surface layer 1 may have defects such as unevenness, and the surface quality needs to be improved.

[0061] Optionally, in S3, after removing the pressure to 0, the molded part is kept warm and baked for 10-60 minutes, preferably 30 minutes. Under the condition of keeping warm and removing pressure, the surface quality of the molded part gradually improves, the surface unevenness disappears, and it can meet the appearance requirements of the product.

[0062] Optionally, in S4, the injection temperature is 200-300℃, and when the injection material is selected as common automotive non-metallic materials such as PP or PC, 220-260℃ is preferred.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The impact-resistant structural component from Example 1 is used to make the impact-resistant molded plate, and the manufacturing method is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the steps include:

[0065] Step 1: Immerse the purchased 1200TEX braided fibers (with fiber directions arranged at 45° and 135°) in a shear thickening solution (SiO2 / PEG system) diluted with ethanol for 5 minutes. Remove the fibers and use a two-roll mill to remove excess liquid, then air dry until no liquid drips out. Specifically, the shear thickening solution used is a system of nano-sized silica and polyethylene glycol, with the diameter of the nano-silica particles in the system ranging from 100 to 400 nm. The PEG is selected as PEG200 or PEG400, and the mass percentage of nano-silica is 60-65%. The shear thickening solution is diluted with ethanol at a ratio of shear thickening solution: ethanol = 1:0.5-5 before immersion.

[0066] Step 2: Bake the dried fibers at 80℃ for 4 hours to remove the solvent and obtain the impact-resistant layer 2. At this time, the shear thickening liquid adheres to the fibers; specifically, during the baking process, the solvent ethanol evaporates completely.

[0067] Step 3: Place the 2mm thick PP sheet with the planar structure designed in the hot press mold and preheat it at 80℃ for 1 hour. Then, place the impact-resistant layer 2 obtained in Step 2 on top of the preheated PP sheet and mold it at 130℃ and 20MPa for 10 minutes. After that, remove the hot press pressure and continue baking at 130℃ for 30 minutes to set the shape.

[0068] Step 4: Place the shaped structure from Step 3 into the cavity of the injection mold, and inject PP-LGF30 material at a temperature of 225℃ to obtain the bottom layer 3. Through the shape design of the injection mold, design a rib structure for reinforcement in the bottom layer 3. The height of the rib structure can reach 22mm.

[0069] Step 5: Remove the cooled, one-piece molded impact-resistant structural component.

[0070] Using the method of this embodiment 2, structural components that can be prepared include one or more of the following: engine hood, door panel, and interior trim panel.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An impact-resistant structural component, characterized in that, include: Top layer, impact-resistant layer, and bottom layer; The surface layer is a plastic matrix material; The impact-resistant layer includes a composite fiber material, which includes an anchoring portion and a filling portion in the thickness direction. The composite fibers in the anchoring portion are embedded in the plastic matrix material of the surface layer by hot pressing, so that the composite fiber material is anchored in the plastic matrix material and bonded to the surface layer. The fiber gaps in the filling portion are filled with a shear thickener. The bottom layer is an injection-molded material layer, which is injection-molded around the bottom and sides of the impact-resistant layer, and is in direct contact with the surface layer around the impact-resistant layer and fused together. The area of ​​the impact-resistant layer is smaller than that of the surface layer, and the distance between the edge of the impact-resistant layer and the edge of the surface layer is 1~10mm.

2. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plastic matrix material includes one or more of the following: polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and glass fiber modified PP.

3. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the surface layer is 1.5~5mm.

4. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite fiber material contains one or more of the following: cotton fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, hemp fiber, bamboo fiber, and Kevlar fiber. The fibers are arranged in a single-layer or multi-layer woven or textile structure, and the fibers are arranged in a predetermined direction.

5. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shear thickener comprises: a high-viscosity polymer and micro / nano-scale solid powder dispersed in the polymer; the polymer comprises one or two of polyethylene glycol and polyborosiloxane, and the micro / nano-scale solid powder comprises one or more of silica, calcium carbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.

6. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The shear thickener is selected from one or more of the following: nano silica / PEG system, calcium carbonate / PEG system, and polymethyl methacrylate / PEG system.

7. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the impact-resistant layer, the thickness of the composite fiber material other than the composite fiber material anchored in the plastic matrix material is 0.5~4mm.

8. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In the impact-resistant layer, the thickness of the composite fiber material other than the composite fiber material anchored in the plastic matrix material is 1~3mm.

9. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the edge of the impact-resistant layer and the edge of the surface layer is 1~3mm.

10. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the injection molding layer includes one or more of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyamide (PA).

11. The impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom layer has reinforcing ribs on the side away from the top layer.

12. A car, characterized in that, The impact-resistant structural component according to any one of claims 1-11 may be used as an exterior and interior panel of an automobile.

13. The automobile as described in claim 12, characterized in that, Automotive exterior trim includes one or both of the hood and door panels.

14. A method for preparing an impact-resistant structural component as described in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain a composite fiber material and fill the fiber gaps of the composite fiber material with a shear thickening liquid; S2. The composite fiber material filled with shear thickening liquid is baked and dried to remove the solvent of the shear thickening liquid, thereby obtaining an impact-resistant layer in which shear thickening body is filled in the fiber gaps. S3. After preheating the plastic sheet used as the surface layer, place it into a hot press mold, place the impact-resistant layer on top of the plastic sheet and then hot press it, so that the composite fibers of the impact-resistant layer in contact with the surface layer are immersed in the plastic sheet to form an anchoring part, so that the impact-resistant layer and the surface layer are bonded together. Then, remove the pressure and bake it at the same temperature as the hot pressing temperature to bond the anchoring part of the impact-resistant layer with the surface layer and set it. S4. Place the combined surface layer and impact-resistant layer obtained in S3 into the cavity of the injection mold, with the impact-resistant layer facing upwards, and obtain an integrated impact-resistant structural component through injection molding. In each step, the heating temperature and time are lower than the pyrolysis temperature and time of the shear thickening liquid.

15. A method for preparing an impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 14, characterized in that, In S1, the method of filling the interfiber gaps of the composite fiber material with shear thickening liquid includes one or more of the following: soaking, spraying, and brushing.

16. A method for preparing an impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 15, characterized in that, In S2, the baking and drying temperature is 60~200 degrees Celsius; the baking and drying time is 2~48 hours.

17. A method for preparing an impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 16, characterized in that, In S2, the baking and drying temperature is 60~160 degrees Celsius.

18. A method for preparing an impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 16, characterized in that, In S2, the baking and drying time is 4~24 hours.

19. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 14, characterized in that, In S3, the preheating temperature is 60-160℃; the preheating time is 0.5-4h.

20. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 19, characterized in that, In S3, the preheating temperature is 80-100℃.

21. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 19, characterized in that, In S3, the preheating time is 1-2 hours.

22. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 14, characterized in that, In S3, the parameters for the hot pressing process are: pressure 10-100MPa, hot pressing temperature 110-300℃, and time 5-60min.

23. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 22, characterized in that, In S3, the parameters for the hot pressing process are: pressure 20-60MPa, hot pressing temperature 130-200℃, and time 10-30min.

24. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 14, characterized in that, In S4, the injection temperature is 200-300℃.

25. The method for preparing the impact-resistant structural component as described in claim 24, characterized in that, In S4, the injection temperature is 220-260℃.

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