A high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with electromagnetic wave focusing structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure, comprising a metal reflective bottom plate, a first metal reflective side plate, a second metal reflective side plate, a metal column grid, a first metal ridge, a second metal ridge and an electromagnetic wave focusing structure; the electromagnetic wave focusing structure comprises a sheet-like dielectric plate arranged parallel to the xoz plane, the sheet-like dielectric plate is arranged in a gradient gap between the upper parts of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge, and is arranged between the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge in the y-axis direction. The present invention has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high gain and low voltage standing wave ratio. The present invention has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high gain and low voltage standing wave ratio; by adding an electromagnetic wave focusing structure between the two metal ridges, it is possible to suppress radiation pattern distortion, expand bandwidth and improve antenna gain through simple modification without changing the existing double-ridged horn antenna structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication antennas, and in particular to a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless information transmission technology, wireless communication systems have significantly impacted modern life. Antennas, as key sensing components in wireless communication systems, primarily perform bidirectional functions, transmitting and receiving signals. As human life becomes increasingly reliant on wireless communication, channel allocation for wireless communication is becoming increasingly important, with avoiding channel congestion becoming a major concern. Achieving broadband wireless communication systems is becoming a trend, and double-ridged horn antennas offer precisely this capability.

[0003] Double-ridged horn antennas offer advantages such as high gain, wide bandwidth, high power, easy excitation, and simple construction. This makes them important in electromagnetic compatibility and interference testing systems, satellite tracking systems, high-resolution radar, and radio metrology. However, existing double-ridged horn antennas often suffer from insufficient gain, excessive reflection coefficient, and complex manufacturing processes. To ensure their greater applicability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness in engineering applications, research on double-ridged horn antennas with wide bandwidth, high gain, and low reflection coefficient is crucial.

[0004] Chinese invention patent publication number CN105720373B proposes a rectangular waveguide segment with a cubic structure and cavity. This simplifies the feed structure and ensures stable antenna performance across the entire operating frequency band, reducing processing difficulty and cost. The ridgeline utilizes a cubic Bezier curve, avoiding lobes and gain drop at high frequencies, making it easier to adjust and control. While the improved waveguide segment slightly reduces processing cost and difficulty, it still cannot avoid the processing inconveniences associated with waveguide feeding. Furthermore, insufficient gain prevents the invention from being applied in some applications.

[0005] Chinese invention patent publication number CN103107423B proposes a ridge structure inlaid with dielectric pillars, which acts to constrict the electromagnetic field. The ridge line utilizes an optimized design method that superimposes exponential terms and quadratic curves, resulting in a slow change in the structure at the horn antenna aperture, reducing reflections at the antenna aperture. This invention achieves a wider bandwidth, and while this structure improves gain somewhat, the overall gain is not high. A drawback is the sudden change in voltage standing wave ratio and gain around 18 GHz, rendering the antenna unusable in the 18 GHz frequency band.

[0006] In summary, the double-ridged horn antenna in the prior art still has problems such as insufficient gain and complex manufacturing process, which need to be improved and perfected. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure to address the problems of insufficient gain, unsatisfactory voltage standing wave ratio and complex manufacturing process in existing double-ridged horn antennas, which has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high gain and low voltage standing wave ratio.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A high-gain double-ridge horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure, comprising a metal reflective bottom plate, a first metal reflective side plate, a second metal reflective side plate, a metal grid column, a first metal ridge, a second metal ridge and an electromagnetic wave focusing structure;

[0010] The lower ends of the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the metal reflective bottom plate in the x-axis direction; the two waists of the first metal reflective side plate are respectively connected and fixed to the two waists of the second metal reflective side plate through a plurality of metal grid columns extending along the x-axis direction;

[0011] The first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are arranged above the middle of the metal reflective bottom plate and fixed between the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate; the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are both sheet metal plates arranged parallel to the xoz plane and are arranged a distance apart in the y-axis direction; the lower portions of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge cross and overlap with each other to form a matching feed network, and the upper portions of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are respectively inclined toward the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate, so that a gradient gap with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion is formed between the upper portions of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge;

[0012] The electromagnetic wave focusing structure includes a sheet-like dielectric plate arranged parallel to the xoz plane. The sheet-like dielectric plate is arranged in the gradient gap between the first metal ridge and the upper part of the second metal ridge, and is arranged between the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge in the y-axis direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave focusing structure further includes a coating printed on the middle portion of the surface of the sheet-like dielectric plate, and the material of the coating is metal or semiconductor.

[0014] Furthermore, the sheet-like dielectric plate and the coating are both vertically elongated in shape.

[0015] Furthermore, the first metal ridge includes a first exponential gradient ridge located at the upper portion and a microstrip line located at the lower portion; the second metal ridge includes a second exponential gradient ridge located at the upper portion and a gradient floor located at the lower portion;

[0016] The microstrip line is a straight structure extending along the z-axis, and the gradient floor has a gradient structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom. The gradient floor is supported and connected to the upper middle portion of the metal reflective base plate, and the microstrip line is fixedly connected to one side of the gradient floor via a fixture. The fixture separates the microstrip line and the gradient floor by a distance in the y-axis direction, so that air is used as the filling medium between the microstrip line and the gradient floor.

[0017] The first exponential gradient ridge and the second exponential gradient ridge are tilted toward the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate, respectively, so that a gradient gap with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion is formed between the first exponential gradient ridge and the second exponential gradient ridge.

[0018] Furthermore, the fixer includes a dielectric cover and a dielectric gasket; the two wings of the dielectric cover are provided with mounting holes, and the middle part of the dielectric cover protrudes outward along the y-axis to form a mounting slot that runs through along the z-axis; the dielectric cover is fixedly connected to the middle part of the gradient floor of the second metal ridge through the mounting holes on the two wings; the microstrip line of the first metal ridge passes through the mounting slot, and the dielectric gasket covers the opening of the mounting slot and is sandwiched between the microstrip line and the gradient floor, used to fix the microstrip line in the mounting slot and at the same time separate the microstrip line and the gradient floor by a distance.

[0019] Furthermore, the metal reflective base plate is provided with a through hole extending along the z-axis, and an RF coaxial connector is introduced from the bottom of the metal reflective base plate. The outer conductor of the RF coaxial connector is electrically connected to the metal reflective base plate, and the inner conductor of the RF coaxial connector passes through the through hole and is electrically connected to the lower end of the microstrip line.

[0020] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the through hole on the metal reflective bottom plate is larger than the outer diameter of the inner conductor of the RF coaxial connector, so that the inner conductor does not contact the metal reflective bottom plate when passing through the through hole, and a 50-ohm transmission line is formed between the inner wall of the through hole, the air and the inner conductor.

[0021] Furthermore, the first exponential gradient ridge and the second exponential gradient ridge are symmetrically arranged, and each has an outer edge, an inner edge, and a lower edge; wherein the outer edge is a straight line, and the inner edge is an exponential function curve, the upper end of the outer edge intersects the upper end of the inner edge, and the lower end of the outer edge converges to the lower end of the inner edge through the lower edge;

[0022] In the first metal ridge, the outer edge of the first index gradient ridge is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the first metal reflective side plate, and the lower end of the inner edge of the first index gradient ridge is connected to the upper end of the microstrip line;

[0023] In the second metal ridge, the outer edge of the second index gradient ridge is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the second metal reflective side plate, and the lower end of the inner edge of the second index gradient ridge is connected to the upper end of the gradient floor;

[0024] In the projection of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge on the xoz plane, the two exponential gradient ridges are symmetrical to each other, and the lower ends of the inner edges of the two exponential gradient ridges cross each other on the symmetry axis; the first exponential gradient ridge is distributed on the half side close to the first metal reflective side plate, and the second exponential gradient ridge is distributed on the half side close to the second metal reflective side plate, so that a gradient gap with a larger top and a smaller bottom is formed between the inner edges of the two exponential gradient ridges.

[0025] Furthermore, the sheet-like dielectric plate has an axisymmetric structure, including a first elliptical portion and a wedge-shaped portion located in the middle, and a second elliptical portion and a third elliptical portion located on both sides of the first elliptical portion respectively;

[0026] The first elliptical portion, the second elliptical portion, and the third elliptical portion are narrow and flat elliptical portions stretched along the z-axis. The middle portions of both sides of the first elliptical portion are connected to the middle portions of the second elliptical portion and the third elliptical portion through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion respectively; the lower end of the first elliptical portion is connected to the wedge-shaped portion through the third connecting portion.

[0027] The lower end of the wedge-shaped portion converges to the intersection of the gradient gap between the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge.

[0028] Furthermore, the sheet-like dielectric plate is an integrally formed part, and connecting arms are respectively provided on both sides of the sheet-like dielectric plate; the connecting arms on both sides of the sheet-like dielectric plate are respectively fixedly connected to the upper parts of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge by rivets.

[0029] The present invention provides a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave-focusing structure, combining the advantages of wide bandwidth, high gain, and low voltage standing wave ratio. By adding an electromagnetic wave-focusing structure between two metal ridges, the present invention provides a low-cost, rapid solution for improving antenna performance. Without changing the existing double-ridged horn antenna structure, a simple modification can suppress radiation pattern distortion, expand bandwidth, and increase antenna gain.

[0030] At the same time, the present invention also uses microstrip lines for feeding, which simplifies the feeding structure of the antenna, makes it easier to process and manufacture, and reduces the processing cost and material cost of the antenna; by adding a fixer to the microstrip line, not only can the deformation of the microstrip line be avoided, but also the multi-beam radiation pattern can be suppressed, so that the gain of the antenna is further improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the connection structure between the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 3 is a structural comparison diagram of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a planar structural diagram of a sheet-like dielectric plate in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixer in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a reflection coefficient diagram of a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a gain diagram of a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure provided in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a side structural diagram of a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure provided in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 10 3 is a shape comparison diagram of electromagnetic wave focusing structures of different shapes in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient before and after adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a comparison diagram of antenna gain before and after adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a comparison diagram of the xoz plane radiation pattern in the 18 GHz frequency band before and after adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 14 This is a comparison diagram of the yoz plane radiation pattern in the 18 GHz frequency band before and after adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure, including a metal reflective bottom plate 1, a first metal reflective side plate 21, a second metal reflective side plate 22, a metal grid column 3, a first metal ridge 41, a second metal ridge 42, a fixer 5, an electromagnetic wave focusing structure and a radio frequency coaxial connector 7.

[0048] Specifically, the lower ends of the first and second metal reflective side panels 21, 22 are fixedly connected to the x-axis ends of the metal reflective base plate 1. The waists of the first metal reflective side panels 21 are respectively connected and fixed to the waists of the second metal reflective side panels 22 via a plurality of metal grid posts 3 extending along the x-axis. The first and second metal reflective side panels 21, 22 are trapezoidal in shape, with a larger top and a smaller bottom. They are inclined toward the outside of the metal reflective base plate 1, so that a trumpet-shaped cavity with a larger top and a smaller bottom is formed between the first metal reflective side panels 21, the second metal reflective side panels 22, the metal reflective base plate 1, and the metal grid posts 3.

[0049] The metal reflective base plate 1, first metal reflective side plates 21, second metal reflective side plates 22, and metal grid posts 3 are fixed together with screws to form the reflective surface of the double-ridged horn antenna, which is used to improve the antenna's low-frequency gain. The semi-open reflective surface structure formed by the first metal reflective side plates 21, second metal reflective side plates 22, and metal grid posts 3 is used to suppress distortion of the radiation pattern in the low-frequency band.

[0050] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 are arranged above the middle portion of the metal reflective bottom plate 1 and fixed between the first metal reflective side plate 21 and the second metal reflective side plate 22. The first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 are both sheet metal plates arranged parallel to the xoz plane and spaced a distance apart in the y-axis direction. The lower portions of the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 cross and overlap to form a matching feed network. The upper portions of the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 are inclined toward the first metal reflective side plate 21 and the second metal reflective side plate 22, respectively, so that a gradient gap is formed between the upper portions of the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42, with the upper portion being larger than the lower portion.

[0051] Specifically, the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 are both integrally formed sheet metal plates. The first metal ridge 41 comprises a first exponentially tapered ridge 401 at the top and a microstrip line 451 at the bottom. The second metal ridge 42 comprises a second exponentially tapered ridge 402 at the top and a tapered floor 452 at the bottom. The microstrip line 451 is a straight line extending along the z-axis, while the tapered floor 452 has a tapered structure that tapers from the top to the bottom. The microstrip line 451 and tapered floor 452 intersect and overlap, forming the antenna's matching feed network 45.

[0052] The gradient floor 452 is supported and connected to the upper center of the metal reflective base plate 1. The microstrip line 451 is fixedly connected to one side of the gradient floor 452 via a fixture 5. Specifically, the fixture 5 is fixedly connected to the center of the gradient floor 452 and located a certain distance above the metal reflective base plate 1. The fixture 5 separates the microstrip line 451 and the gradient floor 452 by a distance in the y-axis direction, so that the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 are staggered and arranged in different planes to form a staggered dual-ridge structure. Air is also used as the filling medium between the microstrip line 451 and the gradient floor 452.

[0053] The first exponential gradient ridge 401 and the second exponential gradient ridge 402 are tilted toward the first metal reflective side plate 21 and the second metal reflective side plate 22 respectively, so that a gradient gap with a larger top and a smaller bottom is formed between the first exponential gradient ridge 401 and the second exponential gradient ridge 402 .

[0054] Combine Figure 1 As shown, the metal reflective base plate 1 is provided with a through hole extending along the z-axis. The RF coaxial connector 7 is introduced from the bottom of the metal reflective base plate 1. The outer conductor of the RF coaxial connector 7 is electrically connected to the bottom of the metal reflective base plate 1. The inner conductor of the RF coaxial connector 7 passes through the through hole and is electrically connected to the lower end of the microstrip line 451. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the through hole in the metal reflective base plate 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner conductor of the RF coaxial connector 7. This ensures that the inner conductor does not contact the metal reflective base plate 1 when passing through the through hole, and forms a 50-ohm transmission line between the inner wall of the through hole, the air, and the inner conductor.

[0055] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first exponentially tapered ridge 401 and the second exponentially tapered ridge 402 are symmetrically arranged, each having an outer edge, an inner edge, and a lower edge. The outer edge is a straight line, while the inner edge is an exponential curve. The exponentially tapered structure of the inner edge effectively expands the bandwidth of the horn antenna. The upper end of the outer edge intersects the upper end of the inner edge, and the lower end of the outer edge converges to the lower end of the inner edge through the lower edge.

[0056] In the first metal ridge 41 , the outer edge of the first index gradient ridge 401 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the first metal reflective side plate 21 , and the lower end of the inner edge of the first index gradient ridge 401 is connected to the upper end of the microstrip line 451 ;

[0057] In the second metal ridge 42 , the outer edge of the second index gradient ridge 402 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the second metal reflective side plate 22 , and the lower end of the inner edge of the second index gradient ridge 402 is connected to the upper end of the gradient floor 452 ;

[0058] In the projection of the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 on the xoz plane, the two exponential gradient ridges are symmetrical to each other, and the lower ends of the inner edges of the two exponential gradient ridges intersect each other on the symmetry axis; the first exponential gradient ridge 401 is distributed on the half side close to the first metal reflective side plate 21, and the second exponential gradient ridge 402 is distributed on the half side close to the second metal reflective side plate 22, so that a gradient gap is formed between the inner edges of the two exponential gradient ridges, converging from top to bottom at the intersection.

[0059] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a sheet dielectric plate 6 is used as the electromagnetic wave focusing structure. The sheet dielectric plate 6 is arranged parallel to the xoz plane. Furthermore, the sheet dielectric plate 6 is arranged in the gradient gap between the first exponential gradient ridge 401 and the second exponential gradient ridge 402, and is arranged between the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 in the y-axis direction.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, the sheet-like dielectric plate 6 in this embodiment is an integrally formed component, with an overall vertically elongated shape and an axisymmetric structure. It includes a first elliptical portion 61 and a wedge-shaped portion 64 located in the middle, as well as a second elliptical portion 62 and a third elliptical portion 63 located on either side of the first elliptical portion 61. The first elliptical portion 61, the second elliptical portion 62, and the third elliptical portion 63 are elongated, narrow, and flat elliptical portions stretched along the z-axis. The middle portions of the first elliptical portion 61 are connected to the middle portions of the second elliptical portion 62 and the third elliptical portion 63, respectively, via a first connecting portion 65 and a second connecting portion 66. The lower end of the first elliptical portion 61 is connected to the wedge-shaped portion 64 via a third connecting portion 67. The lower end of the wedge-shaped portion 64 converges to the intersection of the gradient gap between the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42.

[0061] Furthermore, connecting arms 68 are provided on both sides of the dielectric sheet 6. These connecting arms 68 are fixedly connected to the first exponentially gradient ridge 401 and the second exponentially gradient ridge 402 via rivets. Specifically, the dielectric sheet 6 in this embodiment has four connecting arms 68: one connecting arm 68 is provided on the outer sides of each of the second elliptical portion 62 and the third elliptical portion 63, and one connecting arm 68 is provided on each side of the wedge-shaped portion 64.

[0062] The first, second, and third elliptical portions 61, 62, and 63 suppress the irregular distribution of the electric field at the antenna aperture, concentrating the electric field at the center of the aperture. This concentrated electric field improves the antenna's gain and radiation performance. The wedge-shaped portion 64 enhances the electric field between the first and second metal ridges 41, 42, thereby increasing the antenna's high-frequency gain.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, the fixture 5 includes a dielectric cover 51 and a dielectric gasket 52. The dielectric cover 51 has mounting holes 54 on both wings, and its center protrudes outward along the y-axis to form a mounting slot 53 extending along the z-axis. The dielectric cover 51 is fixedly connected to the center of the gradient floor 452 of the second metal ridge 42 through the mounting holes 54 on its wings. The microstrip line 451 of the first metal ridge 41 passes through the mounting slot 53. The dielectric gasket 52 covers the opening of the mounting slot 53 and is sandwiched between the microstrip line 451 and the gradient floor 452, securing the microstrip line 451 within the mounting slot 53 while separating them by a distance. While securing the microstrip line 451, the fixture 5 effectively improves the antenna's gain and radiation performance in frequency bands above 10 GHz.

[0064] Because the coaxial-ridge waveguide feeding structure used in traditional double-ridged horn antennas relies on a rear cavity to improve radiation performance, improving the performance of such double-ridged horn antennas requires a complex rear cavity structure, increasing manufacturing costs. In contrast, the present invention utilizes a microstrip line feeding method, resulting in lower processing costs and higher production efficiency for the double-ridged horn antenna. Furthermore, by adding a sheet-like dielectric plate between the two metal ridges and a fixture to the microstrip line, the present invention suppresses antenna radiation distortion and improves antenna gain.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 As can be seen from the figure, the embodiment of the present invention can easily obtain a wider bandwidth. In the entire working frequency band of 1 GHz to 18 GHz, the reflection coefficient of the antenna is less than -12 dB; after adding the fixer 5 and the sheet dielectric plate 6, the high-frequency gain can reach up to 19.5 dBi.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure provided in this embodiment is generally similar to the structure of the first embodiment. The main difference is that the sheet-like dielectric plate 6 used in the electromagnetic wave focusing structure of this embodiment is in the shape of a vertically elongated ellipse, and a coating 60 is printed in the middle of the surface of the sheet-like dielectric plate 6. The shape of the coating 60 is basically the same as that of the sheet-like dielectric plate 6, also in the shape of a vertically elongated ellipse, but the overall size is slightly smaller. The material of the coating 60 is metal or semiconductor. The metal material is preferably copper, aluminum, iron, or zinc, and the semiconductor material is preferably graphene.

[0068] Wherein, connecting arms similar to those in the first embodiment can be provided on both sides of the sheet-like dielectric plate 6, and the sheet-like dielectric plate 6 can be fixed between the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42 through the connecting arms. Figure 9 In order to intuitively display the main shape of the electromagnetic wave focusing structure, the connecting arms used for connection and fixation are hidden, and only the main body of the electromagnetic wave focusing structure is retained.

[0069] Compared to Example 1, this embodiment not only uses a sheet dielectric plate 6 to increase the inter-ridge electric field strength, but also further utilizes a coating 60 printed on the surface of the sheet dielectric plate 6 to modify the current distribution on the first metal ridge 41 and the second metal ridge 42. This improves the antenna's matching characteristics and radiation performance, expands the bandwidth, and suppresses pattern distortion. The sheet dielectric plate 6 and the coating 60 on it in this embodiment together form an electromagnetic wave focusing structure, which enhances the antenna's high-frequency gain and improves the radiation pattern. This combination achieves an overall improvement in antenna gain, bandwidth, and radiation performance.

[0070] It should be noted that the elliptical shape used for the electromagnetic wave focusing structure in this embodiment is merely an example of a preferred technical solution. In engineering practice, electromagnetic wave focusing structures of different shapes can improve radiation patterns and gain to varying degrees. Using other shapes can achieve different technical requirements, and the shape needs to be designed differently based on the specific improvement needs. Therefore, electromagnetic wave focusing structures of various regular or irregular shapes are included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0071] Specifically, Figure 10 Several electromagnetic wave focusing structures with different shapes are provided as references. It should be noted that in order to facilitate the intuitive display and comparison of the main shapes of various electromagnetic wave focusing structures, Figure 10 The connecting arm used for connection and fixation is hidden, and only the main body of the electromagnetic wave focusing structure is retained. Figure 10 (a) is the elliptical electromagnetic wave focusing structure used in this embodiment; Figure 10The electromagnetic wave focusing structure shown in (b) is formed by combining a rectangular sheet dielectric plate 6 and a hexagonal coating 60; Figure 10 The electromagnetic wave focusing structure shown in (c) is formed by combining a diamond-shaped sheet dielectric plate 6 and a diamond-shaped coating 60; Figure 10 In the electromagnetic wave focusing structure shown in (d), the sheet dielectric plate 6 and the coating 60 are both irregular wedge-shaped. These electromagnetic wave focusing structures of different shapes can all improve antenna gain and radiation performance, but the final technical effect parameters may vary.

[0072] Figure 11 and Figure 12 The reflection coefficient and gain comparison of the double-ridged horn antenna of this embodiment are respectively shown in two cases: without adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure and with adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure. It can be clearly seen from the figure that after adding the electromagnetic wave focusing structure, the low-frequency and high-frequency bands of the antenna are effectively expanded, and the overall reflection coefficient of the antenna is optimized. In addition, the addition of the electromagnetic wave focusing structure also enables the antenna to obtain higher gain, especially in the high-frequency band, with a maximum increase of 3.2dBi in the gain. Finally, the double-ridged horn antenna of this embodiment obtains a wider bandwidth, and the reflection coefficient in the entire working frequency band of 0.7GHz-18 GHz is less than -11 dB, and the high-frequency gain can reach up to 16 dBi.

[0073] Figure 13 and Figure 14 The directional patterns of the double-ridged horn antenna of this embodiment are compared with those with and without the electromagnetic wave focusing structure. The figures clearly show that the addition of the electromagnetic wave focusing structure effectively suppresses the sidelobes of the antenna pattern due to the increased inter-ridge electric field strength, resulting in a significant increase in gain.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention adds an electromagnetic wave focusing structure between the two metal ridges, and the electromagnetic wave focusing structure includes a sheet-like dielectric plate 6 and a coating 60 printed on the middle part of the sheet-like dielectric plate 6; wherein, the sheet-like dielectric plate 6 enhances the electric field strength between the two metal ridges, thereby improving the antenna gain; and the coating 60 can change the current distribution on the two metal ridges, thereby achieving the effect of improving matching characteristics and suppressing radiation pattern distortion.

[0075] Through the above method, the present invention provides a low-cost and fast-acting antenna performance improvement solution; without changing the existing double-ridged horn antenna structure, a sheet dielectric plate 6 can be added through simple modification to achieve the effects of suppressing radiation pattern distortion, expanding bandwidth and improving antenna gain.

[0076] Furthermore, the present invention also uses microstrip lines for feeding, which simplifies the feeding structure of the antenna, makes it easier to process and manufacture, and reduces the processing cost and material cost of the antenna; by adding a fixer to the microstrip line, not only can the deformation of the microstrip line be avoided, but the multi-beam radiation pattern can also be suppressed, so that the gain of the antenna is further improved.

[0077] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure, characterized in that: It includes a metal reflective bottom plate, a first metal reflective side plate, a second metal reflective side plate, a metal grid column, a first metal ridge, a second metal ridge and an electromagnetic wave focusing structure; The lower ends of the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the metal reflective bottom plate in the x-axis direction; the two waists of the first metal reflective side plate are respectively connected and fixed to the two waists of the second metal reflective side plate through a plurality of metal grid columns extending along the x-axis direction; The first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are arranged above the middle of the metal reflective bottom plate and fixed between the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate; the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are both sheet metal plates arranged parallel to the xoz plane and are arranged a distance apart in the y-axis direction; the lower portions of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge cross and overlap with each other to form a matching feed network, and the upper portions of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are respectively inclined toward the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate, so that a gradient gap with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion is formed between the upper portions of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge; The electromagnetic wave focusing structure includes a sheet-like dielectric plate arranged parallel to the xoz plane, the sheet-like dielectric plate being arranged in the gradient gap between the first metal ridge and the upper portion of the second metal ridge, and being arranged between the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge in the y-axis direction; The electromagnetic wave focusing structure further includes a coating printed on the middle portion of the surface of the sheet-like dielectric plate, wherein the coating is made of metal or semiconductor; The shapes of the sheet-like dielectric plate and the coating are both vertically long and narrow; The sheet-like dielectric plate has an axisymmetric structure, including a first elliptical portion and a wedge-shaped portion located in the middle, and a second elliptical portion and a third elliptical portion located on both sides of the first elliptical portion respectively; The first elliptical portion, the second elliptical portion, and the third elliptical portion are narrow and flat elliptical portions stretched along the z-axis. The middle portions of both sides of the first elliptical portion are connected to the middle portions of the second elliptical portion and the third elliptical portion through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion respectively; the lower end of the first elliptical portion is connected to the wedge-shaped portion through the third connecting portion. The lower end of the wedge-shaped portion converges to the intersection of the gradient gap between the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge.

2. The high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal ridge includes a first exponential gradient ridge at the upper portion and a microstrip line at the lower portion; the second metal ridge includes a second exponential gradient ridge at the upper portion and a gradient floor at the lower portion; The microstrip line is a straight structure extending along the z-axis, and the gradient floor has a gradient structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom. The gradient floor is supported and connected to the upper middle portion of the metal reflective base plate, and the microstrip line is fixedly connected to one side of the gradient floor via a fixture. The fixture separates the microstrip line and the gradient floor by a distance in the y-axis direction, so that air is used as the filling medium between the microstrip line and the gradient floor. The first exponential gradient ridge and the second exponential gradient ridge are tilted toward the first metal reflective side plate and the second metal reflective side plate, respectively, so that a gradient gap with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion is formed between the first exponential gradient ridge and the second exponential gradient ridge.

3. The high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The holder includes a dielectric cover and a dielectric gasket. The dielectric cover has mounting holes on both wings, and the middle portion of the dielectric cover protrudes outward along the y-axis to form a mounting slot extending along the z-axis. The dielectric cover is fixedly connected to the middle portion of the gradient floor of the second metal ridge through the mounting holes on the two wings. The microstrip line of the first metal ridge passes through the mounting slot. The dielectric gasket covers the opening of the mounting slot and is sandwiched between the microstrip line and the gradient floor, thereby securing the microstrip line in the mounting slot and separating the microstrip line and the gradient floor by a distance.

4. The high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A through hole is provided on the metal reflective base plate and passes through the through hole along the z-axis. A radio frequency coaxial connector is introduced from the bottom of the metal reflective base plate. The outer conductor of the radio frequency coaxial connector is electrically connected to the metal reflective base plate. The inner conductor of the radio frequency coaxial connector passes through the through hole and is electrically connected to the lower end of the microstrip line.

5. The high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the through hole on the metal reflective bottom plate is larger than the outer diameter of the inner conductor of the RF coaxial connector, so that the inner conductor does not contact the metal reflective bottom plate when passing through the through hole, and a 50-ohm transmission line is formed between the inner wall of the through hole, the air and the inner conductor.

6. The high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first exponential gradient ridge and the second exponential gradient ridge are symmetrically arranged, and each has an outer edge, an inner edge, and a lower edge; wherein the outer edge is a straight line, and the inner edge is an exponential function curve, the upper end of the outer edge intersects the upper end of the inner edge, and the lower end of the outer edge converges to the lower end of the inner edge through the lower edge; In the first metal ridge, the outer edge of the first index gradient ridge is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the first metal reflective side plate, and the lower end of the inner edge of the first index gradient ridge is connected to the upper end of the microstrip line; In the second metal ridge, the outer edge of the second index gradient ridge is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the second metal reflective side plate, and the lower end of the inner edge of the second index gradient ridge is connected to the upper end of the gradient floor; In the projection of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge on the xoz plane, the two exponential gradient ridges are symmetrical to each other, and the lower ends of the inner edges of the two exponential gradient ridges cross each other on the symmetry axis; the first exponential gradient ridge is distributed on the half side close to the first metal reflective side plate, and the second exponential gradient ridge is distributed on the half side close to the second metal reflective side plate, so that a gradient gap with a larger top and a smaller bottom is formed between the inner edges of the two exponential gradient ridges.

7. The high-gain double-ridged horn antenna with an electromagnetic wave focusing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sheet-like dielectric plate is an integrally formed part, and connecting arms are respectively provided on both sides of the sheet-like dielectric plate; the connecting arms on both sides of the sheet-like dielectric plate are respectively fixedly connected to the upper parts of the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge by rivets.

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