Oil sludge pyrolysis gasification melting device

Abstract

The application discloses an oil sludge pyrolysis gasification melting device, which comprises a tower body, the tower body is arranged with a distribution section, a pyrolysis gasification section and a melting combustion section from top to bottom, the distribution section is provided with a feeding port for oil sludge to enter, the pyrolysis gasification section is used for heating the oil sludge entering from the distribution section and pyrolyzing and gasifying the oil sludge, the pyrolysis gasification section is provided with an exhaust port for discharging pyrolysis oil gas generated by the pyrolysis and gasification of the oil sludge, and the melting combustion section is used for melting and combusting the oil sludge residue generated by the pyrolysis gasification section, and the melting combustion section is provided with a residue discharging port and a smoke discharging port. The oil sludge pyrolysis gasification melting device of the embodiment of the application couples the pyrolysis and gasification of the oil sludge and the melting and combustion of the oil sludge residue, does not need to further separately treat the oil sludge residue generated in the oil sludge pyrolysis and gasification stage as hazardous waste, overcomes the short board of the discontinuity of the oil sludge treatment process, realizes the continuous operation of the oil sludge treatment process, and greatly improves the treatment efficiency of the oil sludge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil sludge treatment equipment technology, specifically to an oil sludge pyrolysis, gasification, and melting device. Background Technology

[0002] Oil sludge is an oil-containing solid waste generated during oilfield drilling, extraction, transportation, refining, and oily wastewater treatment. It contains a large amount of harmful substances, thus requiring effective and timely treatment to avoid serious harm to the ecological environment. In related technologies, oil sludge is generally treated using pyrolysis, which breaks it down into pyrolysis residue, pyrolysis liquid, and pyrolysis oil and gas, thereby achieving resource utilization. However, the pyrolysis residue produced by this process is hazardous waste and requires further separate treatment, resulting in a discontinuous treatment process and low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide an oil sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus.

[0004] The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device of this invention includes a tower body. The tower body is arranged from top to bottom as a feeding section, a pyrolysis gasification section, and a melting and combustion section. The feeding section has a feed inlet for sludge to enter. The pyrolysis gasification section is used to heat the sludge entering the feeding section and pyrolyze and gasify the sludge. The pyrolysis gasification section has an exhaust port for discharging the pyrolysis oil and gas generated by the sludge pyrolysis gasification. The melting and combustion section is used to melt and burn the sludge residue generated by the pyrolysis gasification section. The melting and combustion section has a slag discharge port and a flue gas discharge port. The slag discharge port is used to discharge the molten slag generated by the melting and combustion of the sludge residue in the melting and combustion section. The flue gas discharge port is used to discharge the flue gas generated by the melting and combustion of the sludge residue in the melting and combustion section.

[0005] In some embodiments, the feed inlet is located at the center of the top of the tower body, and the feeding section is provided with a plurality of feeding pipes extending in the vertical direction, the plurality of feeding pipes being centrally symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the tower body.

[0006] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification melting apparatus of the present invention further includes a central tube with openings at both ends. One end of the central tube extends into the pyrolysis gasification section through the feed port. The central tube is used to introduce air and superheated steam into the pyrolysis gasification section to heat the sludge and cause it to pyrolyze and gasify within the pyrolysis gasification section.

[0007] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification melting apparatus of the present invention further includes a plurality of distribution pipes, the distribution pipes being disposed within the pyrolysis gasification section, the plurality of distribution pipes being spaced apart circumferentially on the central pipe and disposed perpendicular to the central pipe, the distribution pipes being connected to the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the distribution pipes having a plurality of spaced first gas outlets.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device of the present invention further includes a plurality of air distribution pipes, at least one of the distribution pipes is provided with at least one air distribution pipe, the central axis of the air distribution pipe is arranged parallel to the central axis of the tower body and communicates with the distribution pipe, and the pipe wall of the air distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of spaced second air outlets.

[0009] In some embodiments, the melting and combustion section is provided with a plurality of combustion nozzles, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the tower body. Each combustion nozzle has a fuel inlet and a spray nozzle. The fuel inlet is connected to the pyrolysis oil and gas outlet, and the spray nozzle is located in the melting and combustion section for spraying combustion flames toward the oil sludge.

[0010] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification melting apparatus of the present invention further includes a reheating pipe and a superheating pipe, at least a portion of which is disposed within the pyrolysis gasification section, the reheating pipe having a deoxygenated water inlet and a saturated steam outlet, the reheating pipe being used to heat the deoxygenated water and generate saturated steam;

[0011] At least a portion of the superheated tube is disposed within the molten combustion section. The superheated tube has a saturated steam inlet and a superheated steam outlet. The saturated steam inlet is connected to the saturated steam outlet of the reheating tube, and the superheated steam outlet is connected to the central tube. The superheated tube is used to heat the saturated steam discharged from the reheating tube into superheated steam and then transport it into the central tube.

[0012] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention further includes an air heat exchanger, which includes a cold air inlet, a hot air outlet, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet is connected to the flue gas outlet, and the hot air outlet is connected to the central tube. The air heat exchanger is used to preheat the air and then deliver it to the central tube.

[0013] In some embodiments, the tower body further includes a slag discharge section disposed between the pyrolysis gasification section and the melting combustion section, the diameter of the slag discharge section being smaller than the diameter of the melting combustion section, and a rotating platform disposed between the slag discharge section and the melting combustion section, the central axis of the rotating platform coinciding with the central axis of the tower body, and the diameter of the rotating platform being larger than the diameter of the slag discharge section and smaller than the diameter of the melting combustion section.

[0014] In some embodiments, a surrounding plate is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating platform, defining a receiving cavity with an opening facing the slag discharge section between the surrounding plate and the rotating platform. An oil sludge channel is formed between the surrounding plate and the melting and combustion section, and the oil sludge channel communicates with the receiving cavity and the melting and combustion section. A scraper is provided in the receiving cavity, one end of which is connected to the bottom end of the surrounding plate. The scraper is inclined relative to the rotating platform to scrape the oil sludge in the receiving cavity into the oil sludge channel.

[0015] The sludge pyrolysis, gasification, and melting device of this invention integrates the pyrolysis and gasification function of sludge and the melting and combustion function of sludge residue within the tower body. By coupling the pyrolysis and gasification of sludge and the melting and combustion of sludge residue, it eliminates the need for separate treatment of the sludge residue generated during the pyrolysis and gasification stage as hazardous waste. This overcomes the shortcomings of discontinuous sludge treatment processes, achieving continuous operation and significantly improving sludge treatment efficiency. Furthermore, it overcomes the safety hazards associated with separate treatment of sludge residue, enhancing the safety of sludge treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the fabric tubes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the distribution pipe and the air distribution pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the reheat pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the superheater tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure label:

[0022] 100. Oil sludge pyrolysis, gasification, and melting device; 1. Tower body; 101. Feeding section; 1011. Feed inlet; 102. Pyrolysis and gasification section; 1021. Exhaust outlet; 103. Melting and combustion section; 1031. Slag discharge outlet; 1032. Flue gas outlet; 104. Slag discharge section; 2. Feeding pipe; 3. Central pipe; 4. Distribution pipe; 5. Air distribution pipe; 501. Second air outlet; 6. Combustion nozzle; 601. Fuel inlet; 602. Injection port; 7. Reheat pipe; 701. Deoxygenated water inlet; 702. Saturated steam outlet; 8. Superheated pipe; 801. Saturated steam inlet; 802. Superheated steam outlet; 9. Rotary table; 10. Enclosure plate; 11. Receiving cavity; 12. Oil sludge channel; 13. Scraper. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device 100 of this embodiment includes a tower body 1. The tower body 1 is arranged from top to bottom with a feeding section 101, a pyrolysis gasification section 102, and a melting and combustion section 103. The feeding section 101 has a feed inlet 1011 for the sludge to enter. The pyrolysis gasification section 102 is used to heat the sludge entering the feeding section 101 and pyrolyze and gasify the sludge. The pyrolysis gasification section 102 has an exhaust port 1021 for discharging the pyrolysis oil and gas generated by the sludge pyrolysis gasification. The melting and combustion section 103 is used to melt and burn the sludge residue generated by the pyrolysis gasification section 102. The melting and combustion section 103 has a slag discharge port 1031 and a flue gas outlet 1032. The slag discharge port 1031 is used to discharge the slag generated by the melting and combustion of the sludge residue in the melting and combustion section 103, and the flue gas outlet 1032 is used to discharge the flue gas generated by the melting and combustion of the sludge residue in the melting and combustion section 103.

[0025] In the operation of the sludge pyrolysis gasification melting device 100 of this embodiment, the sludge enters the feeding section 101 through the feed inlet 1011, and is evenly distributed in the pyrolysis gasification section 102. In the pyrolysis gasification section 102, the sludge undergoes a pyrolysis gasification reaction at high temperature, generating pyrolysis oil gas which is discharged from the pyrolysis gasification section 102 through the exhaust port 1021. The sludge residue produced after pyrolysis gasification enters the melting and combustion section 103, where it is burned into molten slag. The molten slag is discharged through the slag discharge port 1031, and the flue gas generated during combustion is discharged through the flue gas outlet 1032.

[0026] The sludge pyrolysis, gasification, and melting device 100 of this invention integrates the pyrolysis and gasification function of sludge and the melting and combustion function of sludge residue within the tower body 1. By coupling the pyrolysis and gasification of sludge and the melting and combustion of sludge residue, it eliminates the need for separate treatment of the sludge residue generated during the pyrolysis and gasification stage as hazardous waste. This overcomes the shortcomings of discontinuous sludge treatment processes, achieving continuous operation and significantly improving sludge treatment efficiency. Furthermore, it overcomes the safety hazards associated with separate treatment of sludge residue, improving safety during sludge treatment.

[0027] The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device 100 of this invention is suitable for blocky solid sludge with a particle size mainly between 20 mm and 40 mm. Optionally, the cross-section of the tower body 1 is circular, with a height of 8.0 m to 12.0 m and a diameter of 1.0 m to 4.0 m, the height of the feeding section 101 is 1.0 m to 2.0 m, and the diameter of the feed inlet 1011 is 0.3 m to 0.6 m.

[0028] In some embodiments, the feed inlet 1011 is located at the center of the top of the tower body 1, and the feeding section 101 is provided with a plurality of feeding pipes 2 extending in the vertical direction, and the plurality of feeding pipes 2 are centrally symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the tower body 1.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the feed inlet 1011 is located at the center of the top of the tower body 1, which allows the sludge to be evenly distributed into the multiple distribution pipes 2 within the distribution section 101. The multiple distribution pipes 2 within the distribution section 101 extend vertically, reducing friction between the sludge and the distribution pipes 2 and increasing the sludge feeding speed. Furthermore, the multiple distribution pipes 2 are centrally symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the tower body 1, ensuring uniform treatment of the sludge within the distribution section 101 and preventing localized overheating or uneven treatment.

[0030] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the diameter of the material distribution pipe 2 is 50mm-80mm, and 6 or 8 sets of material distribution pipes 2 are arranged at an included angle of 45° or 60°. The radial spacing of adjacent material distribution pipes 2 in the tower body 1 is 160mm-200mm.

[0031] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus 100 of the present invention further includes a central tube 3, which has openings at both ends. One end of the central tube 3 extends into the pyrolysis gasification section 102 through the feed inlet 1011. The central tube 3 is used to introduce air and superheated steam into the pyrolysis gasification section 102 to heat the sludge and cause the sludge to pyrolyze and gasify in the pyrolysis gasification section 102.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the central tube 3 provides the oxygen and heat required for pyrolysis of the sludge to the pyrolysis gasification section 102. The addition of superheated steam promotes the decomposition of organic matter in the sludge, accelerates the pyrolysis reaction, and improves the pyrolysis gasification efficiency. It is important to note that in practical applications, the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the air and superheated steam within the central tube 3 need to be properly controlled to ensure effective sludge treatment and smooth pyrolysis gasification. Furthermore, the design and material selection of the central tube 3 must consider its high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the device.

[0033] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device 100 of this embodiment of the invention also includes a plurality of distribution pipes 4. The distribution pipes 4 are disposed in the pyrolysis gasification section 102. The plurality of distribution pipes 4 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the central pipe 3 and are arranged perpendicular to the central pipe 3. The distribution pipes 4 are connected to the central pipe 3. The pipe wall of the distribution pipe 4 has a plurality of first gas outlets arranged at intervals.

[0034] The air and superheated steam entering through the central pipe 3 enter the distribution pipe 4 and are discharged through the first outlet on the distribution pipe 4. This allows heat and gas to be more evenly distributed on the sludge within the pyrolysis gasification section 102, enabling the sludge to have more thorough contact with heat and oxygen, thereby improving the efficiency of pyrolysis gasification. Furthermore, the design of the distribution pipe 4 helps prevent localized overheating or sintering of the sludge during pyrolysis gasification, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the process.

[0035] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device 100 of the present invention further includes a plurality of air distribution pipes 5, at least one distribution pipe 4 is provided with at least one air distribution pipe 5, the central axis of the air distribution pipe 5 is arranged parallel to the central axis of the tower body 1 and communicates with the distribution pipe 4, and a plurality of second air outlets 501 are provided on the pipe wall of the air distribution pipe 5 at intervals.

[0036] For example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, each distribution pipe 4 is equipped with three air distribution pipes 5. By setting the air distribution pipes 5, it is possible to effectively ensure that the mixture of air and superheated steam can be evenly distributed along the axial and radial directions of the tower body 1 within the pyrolysis gasification section, further realizing the uniformity of the pyrolysis gasification reaction of the oil sludge, thereby improving the efficiency of pyrolysis gasification. In addition, the design of the air distribution pipes 5 can help prevent local overheating or sintering of the oil sludge during the pyrolysis gasification process, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the pyrolysis gasification process.

[0037] Optionally, the height of the pyrolysis gasification section 102 is 3.0m-5.0m, the diameter of the distribution pipe 4 is 0.12m-0.3m, and the diameter of the air distribution pipe 5 is 0.10m-0.28m. The air distribution pipe 5 is located above the distribution pipe 4, and its height is 1.0m-1.5m. Each air distribution pipe 5 is provided with multiple layers of second air outlets 501, the center-to-center distance between each layer of second air outlets 501 is 0.1m-0.2m, each layer has 4-8 second air outlets 501 with a downward tilt angle of 30°-60°, the diameter of the second air outlets 501 is 40mm-60mm, and the outlet gas velocity of the mixed gas at the second air outlets 501 is 2.0m / s-3.0m / s.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the melting and combustion section 103 is equipped with multiple combustion nozzles 6, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the tower body 1. Each combustion nozzle 6 has a fuel inlet 601 and a spray nozzle 602. The fuel inlet 601 is connected to the pyrolysis oil and gas outlet, and the spray nozzle 602 is located in the melting and combustion section 103 and is used to spray combustion flames toward the oil sludge.

[0039] For example, 8-16 sets of combustion nozzles 6 are arranged circumferentially along the tower body 1. The combustion nozzles 6 generate high-temperature hot flue gas at 1200℃-1500℃, which reacts with the oil sludge at high temperature to produce glassy molten slag.

[0040] The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device 100 of this invention uses the pyrolysis oil and gas generated in the pyrolysis gasification section 102 as fuel to enter the combustion nozzle 4 for combustion, thereby achieving energy recovery and utilization and reducing the energy consumption of the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting device 100. In addition, multiple combustion nozzles 6 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the tower body 1 to spray combustion flames toward the sludge residue, ensuring that the sludge residue can be uniformly burned in the melting and combustion section 103, achieving efficient combustion treatment of the sludge, reducing waste generation, minimizing environmental impact, and improving resource utilization efficiency. When the amount of pyrolysis gasification oil and gas cannot meet the melting temperature of the sludge residue, additional fuel gas needs to be provided to supplement it.

[0041] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification melting apparatus 100 of this invention further includes a reheat pipe 7 and a superheat pipe 8. At least a portion of the reheat pipe 7 is disposed within the pyrolysis gasification section 102, and the reheat pipe 7 has a deoxygenated water inlet 701 and a saturated steam outlet 702. The reheat pipe 7 is used to heat the deoxygenated water and generate saturated steam. At least a portion of the superheat pipe 8 is disposed within the melting combustion section 103, and the superheat pipe 8 has a saturated steam inlet 801 and a superheated steam outlet 802. The saturated steam inlet 801 is connected to the saturated steam outlet 702 of the reheat pipe 7, and the superheated steam outlet 802 is connected to the central pipe 3. The superheat pipe 8 is used to heat the saturated steam discharged from the reheat pipe 7 into superheated steam and then transport it into the central pipe 3.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the reheat pipe 7 heats the deoxygenated water and generates saturated steam through the heat produced by the pyrolysis and gasification reaction of the sludge in the pyrolysis and gasification section 102. This not only utilizes the heat generated during the pyrolysis and gasification of the sludge but also improves energy efficiency. The superheat pipe 8 heats the saturated steam discharged from the reheat pipe 7 into superheated steam, which is then transported to the central pipe 3. This design aims to provide higher steam temperature and pressure to improve thermal efficiency and the overall performance of the device. Therefore, the sludge pyrolysis and gasification melting device 100 of this embodiment of the invention, through the arrangement of the reheat pipe 7 and the superheat pipe 8, can effectively recover and utilize the heat generated during the pyrolysis, gasification, and melting combustion processes, further improving the thermal efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of the sludge pyrolysis and gasification melting device 100.

[0043] Optionally, the reheat pipe 7 is located 0.1m-0.3m above the air distribution pipe 5, with a height of 1.2m-2.0m along the axial direction of the tower body 1. The reheat pipe 7 is a serpentine pipe, and there are multiple reheat pipes 7 arranged in 8-32 groups along the circumference of the tower body 1. The diameter of the reheat pipe 7 is 60mm-80mm. Similarly, there are multiple superheat pipes 8, arranged in 8-32 groups along the circumference of the tower body 1, with a diameter of 60mm-80mm.

[0044] In some embodiments, the sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus 100 of the present invention further includes an air heat exchanger (not shown in the figure). The air heat exchanger includes a cold air inlet, a hot air outlet, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet is connected to the flue gas outlet 1032, and the hot air outlet is connected to the central pipe 3. The air heat exchanger is used to preheat the air and then deliver it to the central pipe 3.

[0045] The hot flue gas discharged from exhaust port 1032 enters the air heat exchanger through the heat exchange medium inlet and exchanges heat with the cold air entering through the cold air inlet. After heat exchange, the temperature of the cold air increases and enters the central tube through the hot air outlet. The temperature of the hot flue gas decreases and is discharged from the heat exchange medium outlet. Therefore, the sludge pyrolysis gasification melting device 100 of this embodiment of the invention utilizes the heat from the hot flue gas generated by the melting combustion section 403 to preheat the air entering the central tube 3. By preheating the air, the efficiency and stability of sludge pyrolysis gasification can be improved, thereby saving energy and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the device.

[0046] In some embodiments, the tower body 1 further includes a slag discharge section 104 disposed between the pyrolysis gasification section 102 and the melting combustion section 103, the diameter of the slag discharge section 104 being smaller than the diameter of the melting combustion section 103. A rotating platform 9 is provided between the slag discharge section 104 and the melting combustion section 103, the central axis of the rotating platform 9 coinciding with the central axis of the tower body 1, and the diameter of the rotating platform 9 being larger than the diameter of the slag discharge section 104 but smaller than the diameter of the melting combustion section 103.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the diameter of the slag discharge section 104 is typically smaller than that of the melting and combustion section 103. This design helps to effectively collect and discharge the slag generated during melting and combustion, avoiding adverse effects of the slag on the equipment. The rotary table 9 helps to distribute and discharge the slag more evenly within the slag discharge section 104, preventing blockages and accumulation, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the equipment and efficient treatment of sludge.

[0048] Optionally, the rotary table 9 is driven by an explosion-proof motor, and the rotation speed of the rotary table 9 is controlled from 0.02 r·min-1 to 0.1 r·min-1. By controlling the rotation speed of the rotary table 9, the reaction residence time of the oil sludge in the pyrolysis and gasification section 102 can be adjusted to ensure that the oil sludge achieves complete pyrolysis and gasification.

[0049] Optionally, the height of the slag discharge section 104 is 1.0m-1.5m, and the height of the melting and combustion section 103 is 3.0m-3.5m, with a diameter of 1.5m-4.8m.

[0050] In some embodiments, a surrounding plate 10 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary table 9, enclosing the rotary table 9. A receiving cavity 11 with an opening facing the slag discharge section 104 is defined between the surrounding plate 10 and the rotary table 9. An oil sludge channel 12 is formed between the surrounding plate 10 and the melting and combustion section 103, and the oil sludge channel 12 communicates with the receiving cavity 11 and the melting and combustion section 103. A scraper 13 is provided in the receiving cavity 11, one end of which is connected to the bottom end of the surrounding plate 10. The scraper 13 is inclined relative to the rotary table 9 to scrape the oil sludge in the receiving cavity 11 into the oil sludge channel 12.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, a sludge channel 12 is formed between the enclosure 10 and the molten combustion section 103. The sludge channel 12 is connected to the receiving cavity 11 and the molten combustion section 103. Through the sludge channel 12, the sludge produced by molten combustion can be smoothly discharged into the molten combustion section 103. The scraper 13 scrapes the sludge in the receiving cavity 11 into the sludge channel 12, further ensuring that the sludge can be smoothly discharged. This design can effectively control and remove slag, avoid accumulation and blockage, thereby ensuring the normal operation and stability of the device.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0056] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0057] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for pyrolysis, gasification, and melting of oil sludge, characterized in that, include: The tower body is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a feeding section, a pyrolysis gasification section, and a melting combustion section. The feeding section has a feed inlet for oil sludge to enter. The pyrolysis gasification section heats the oil sludge entering the feeding section and pyrolyzes and gasifies it. The pyrolysis gasification section has an exhaust port for discharging the pyrolysis oil and gas generated during the pyrolysis gasification. The melting combustion section melts and burns the oil sludge residue generated during the pyrolysis gasification section. The melting combustion section has a slag discharge port and a flue gas discharge port. The slag discharge port is used to discharge the molten slag generated during the melting combustion of the oil sludge residue in the melting combustion section. The flue gas discharge port is used to discharge the flue gas generated during the melting combustion of the oil sludge residue in the melting combustion section. A central tube with openings at both ends, one end of which extends into the pyrolysis gasification section through the feed inlet. The central tube is used to introduce air and superheated steam into the pyrolysis gasification section to heat the sludge and cause it to pyrolyze and gasify within the section. It includes multiple distribution pipes, which are located within the pyrolysis gasification section. The multiple distribution pipes are spaced apart on the central pipe along the circumference of the central pipe and are arranged perpendicular to the central pipe. The distribution pipes are connected to the central pipe, and the pipe walls of the distribution pipes have multiple spaced first gas outlets. Multiple air distribution pipes are provided, and at least one of the distribution pipes is provided with at least one air distribution pipe. The central axis of the air distribution pipe is arranged parallel to the central axis of the tower body and is connected to the distribution pipe. Multiple second air outlets are provided on the pipe wall of the air distribution pipe at intervals.

2. The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed inlet is located at the center of the top of the tower body, and the feeding section is provided with multiple feeding pipes extending vertically, which are centrally symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the tower body.

3. The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The melting and combustion section is provided with multiple combustion nozzles, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the tower body. Each combustion nozzle has a fuel inlet and a spray nozzle. The fuel inlet is connected to the pyrolysis oil and gas outlet, and the spray nozzle is located in the melting and combustion section to spray a combustion flame toward the oil sludge.

4. The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A reheat pipe, at least a portion of which is disposed within the pyrolysis gasification section, the reheat pipe having a deoxygenated water inlet and a saturated steam outlet, the reheat pipe being used to heat the deoxygenated water and generate saturated steam; and A superheater tube, at least a portion of which is disposed within the molten combustion section, the superheater tube having a saturated steam inlet and a superheated steam outlet, the saturated steam inlet being connected to the saturated steam outlet of the reheater tube, the superheated steam outlet being connected to the central tube, the superheater tube being used to heat the saturated steam discharged from the reheater tube into superheated steam and then transport it to the central tube.

5. The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes an air heat exchanger, which includes a cold air inlet, a hot air outlet, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet is connected to the flue gas outlet, and the hot air outlet is connected to the central tube. The air heat exchanger is used to preheat the air and then deliver it to the central tube.

6. The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The tower body also includes a slag discharge section disposed between the pyrolysis gasification section and the melting combustion section. The diameter of the slag discharge section is smaller than the diameter of the melting combustion section. A rotating platform is provided between the slag discharge section and the melting combustion section. The central axis of the rotating platform coincides with the central axis of the tower body. The diameter of the rotating platform is larger than the diameter of the slag discharge section and smaller than the diameter of the melting combustion section.

7. The sludge pyrolysis gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer circumference of the rotating platform is provided with a surrounding plate that surrounds the rotating platform. The surrounding plate and the rotating platform define a receiving cavity with an opening facing the slag discharge section. An oil sludge channel is formed between the surrounding plate and the melting and combustion section. The oil sludge channel is connected to the receiving cavity and the melting and combustion section. A scraper is provided in the receiving cavity. One end of the scraper is connected to the bottom end of the surrounding plate. The scraper is inclined relative to the rotating platform to scrape the oil sludge in the receiving cavity into the oil sludge channel.

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