A kind of quick-heating polyurethane thermal insulation fiber and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides an instant and fast-heating polyurethane thermal insulation fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber is obtained by electrostatic spinning of a spinning solution, wherein the spinning solution comprises a polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, ceramic powder and a rare earth material. The polyurethane solution is selected as a main material, and three thermal insulation fillers, namely, carbon nanotubes, ceramic powder and rare earth materials, are added for combination. The three produce a synergistic effect, so that the obtained polyurethane thermal insulation fiber has excellent light-absorbing heat-generating warmth retention and far-infrared warmth retention, that is, has excellent instant and fast-heating effect, and is suitable for preparing winter cold-proof and warm clothing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of textiles, and in particular relates to an instant and quick-warming polyurethane thermal insulation fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used polymer material with high strength, good wear resistance, tear resistance, bending resistance, oil resistance and excellent blood compatibility. PU resin has been widely used in the fields of foam plastics, elastomeric materials, paints, adhesives, elastic fibers and synthetic leather. Its structure and performance can be customized according to the controlled combination of hard segments and soft segments, and it plays an important role in modern industry. However, polyurethane fibers made of PU resin have problems such as poor hygroscopicity, air permeability and thermal insulation when applied to fabric materials or clothing. These problems make the thermal insulation of fabrics or clothing made of polyurethane materials poor, making it difficult to use them in winter clothing, affecting its market development prospects.

[0003] How to improve the warmth retention of polyurethane fibers has become a hot topic of current research. CN108166100A discloses an antibacterial warm clothing, which is made by spinning polyurethane fibers into fabrics according to conventional processes, performing antibacterial finishing on the fabrics, and then cutting them; the invention prepares polyurethane fibers with a certain rough structure and low surface energy by electrospinning, and further obtains clothing with excellent antibacterial and warm performance, which can meet the needs of people's activities in winter environments such as severe cold, snow, and strong winds. CN104153034A discloses a polyurethane elastic fiber with heat preservation performance and a preparation method thereof; nano-level ceramic powder is used as a heat preservation auxiliary agent and mixed with polyurethane fiber, wherein the amount of ceramic powder is 0.1-10% of the mass of polyurethane fiber, and the ceramic powder is used to block and reflect heat radiation to reduce heat loss; low-temperature plasma irradiation technology is used to modify the powder surface, so that the ceramic powder presents a good dispersion effect and interface bonding effect in polyurethane, and the spandex prepared by this method has excellent heat preservation and warmth retention performance, and is particularly suitable for spinning winter underwear fabrics, as well as elastic fabrics such as knee pads, wrist guards, and belts. However, the instant heating and quick warming effect of polyurethane fibers provided in the prior art, including the above two inventions, still needs to be improved.

[0004] Therefore, developing a polyurethane thermal insulation fiber with instant heating and rapid warming effect and capable of achieving efficient heat storage is still a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly and warms up quickly, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber is obtained by electrostatic spinning of a spinning solution, and the spinning solution includes a polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, ceramic powder and rare earth materials. By adding carbon nanotubes, nano-grade ceramic powder and rare earth materials to the polyurethane solution, the obtained polyurethane thermal insulation fiber has the effect of heating up quickly and warming up quickly, and is suitable for preparing winter cold-proof and warm clothing.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that is quick-heated and heats up, wherein the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber is obtained by electrospinning a spinning solution;

[0008] The spinning solution comprises polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, ceramic powder and rare earth material.

[0009] The instant and fast-heating polyurethane thermal insulation fiber provided by the present invention is obtained by electrostatic spinning of a spinning solution, wherein the spinning solution includes a specific amount of polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, nano-ceramic powder and rare earth material. By selecting the polyurethane solution as the main material, the obtained polyurethane thermal insulation fiber has the characteristics of high strength, excellent wear resistance and excellent tear resistance, and is matched with three thermal insulation fillers of carbon nanotubes, nano-ceramic powder and rare earth material. Among them, the carbon nanotubes, nano-ceramic powder and rare earth material all have the function of far-infrared temperature rise, absorb light and generate heat to rise in the presence of light, and reflect the far-infrared rays of the human body in the absence of light, thereby preventing the temperature of the human body from being lost easily, and the three have different shapes and particle size distributions, and can be dispersed in the polyurethane solution to present complementary stages. The carbon nanotubes have excellent light absorption and heating, antistatic and antibacterial properties, which can effectively inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. The carbon nanotubes and nano-ceramic powders also have excellent antistatic effects, which can achieve antistatic effects on clothing. The rare earth materials also have excellent antifouling and wear-resistant properties. The combination of the three can not only give play to their respective advantages, but also work synergistically, integrating far-infrared temperature rise, light absorption and heating, antibacterial, antistatic, antifouling and wear resistance, and adapting to wearing in multiple scenarios. In particular, the "three-in-one" greatly improves the quick heating and quick warming properties of the prepared polyurethane fiber, meeting the warmth requirements of winter cold-proof and warm clothing.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, based on the mass of the polyurethane solution being 100%, the amounts of other components in the spinning solution are: 0.1-2% carbon nanotubes, 0.1-1% ceramic powder and 0.1-0.5% rare earth material.

[0011] Among them, the added amount of the carbon nanotubes can be 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6% or 1.8%, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0012] The addition amount of the ceramic powder can be 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8% or 0.9%, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0013] The addition amount of the rare earth material can be 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% or 0.45%, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the solid content of the polyurethane solution is 1 to 30%, for example, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26% or 28%, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the particle size of the carbon nanotubes is 10 to 30 nm, for example, 12 nm, 14 nm, 16 nm, 18 nm, 20 nm, 22 nm, 24 nm, 26 nm or 28 nm, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to limited space and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the nano-scale ceramic powder includes nano-aluminum oxide and / or nano-zirconium oxide.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the particle size of the nano-ceramic powder is 30 to 50 nm, for example, 32 nm, 34 nm, 36 nm, 38 nm, 40 nm, 42 nm, 44 nm, 46 nm or 48 nm, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to limited space and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rare earth material includes lanthanum and / or cerium.

[0019] Preferably, the particle size of the rare earth material is 20 to 25 nm, for example, 20.5 nm, 21 nm, 21.5 nm, 22 nm, 22.5 nm, 23 nm, 23.5 nm, 24 nm or 24.5 nm.

[0020] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the “diameter” and “particle size” are both average values.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the spinning solution also includes a solvent.

[0022] Preferably, the solvent comprises water.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber as described in the first aspect, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) mixing a polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, nano-scale ceramic powder, a rare earth material and optionally a solvent to obtain a spinning solution;

[0025] (2) Electrospinning the spinning solution obtained in step (1) to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the voltage of the electrospinning in step (2) is 5 to 25 V, for example, 6 V, 7 V, 8 V, 9 V, 10 V, 12 V, 14 V, 16 V, 18 V, 20 V, 22 V or 24 V, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the receiving distance of the electrospinning in step (2) is 10 to 20 cm, for example, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm, 15 cm, 16 cm, 17 cm, 18 cm or 19 cm, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the spinning flow rate of the electrospinning in step (2) is 15 to 50 μL / min, for example, 20 μL / min, 25 μL / min, 30 μL / min, 35 μL / min, 40 μL / min or 45 μL / min, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the diameter of the spinning needle hole of the electrospinning in step (2) is 10 to 30 μm, for example, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm or 30 μm, as well as specific point values ​​between the above point values. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the said range.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an instant heating and quick-warming thermal insulation fabric, wherein the instant heating and quick-warming thermal insulation fabric comprises the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber as described in the first aspect.

[0031] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a cold-proof clothing, comprising the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber as described in the first aspect or the instant heat-insulating fabric as described in the third aspect.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The instant and fast-heating polyurethane thermal insulation fiber provided by the present invention is obtained by electrostatic spinning from a spinning solution, wherein the spinning solution comprises a polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, ceramic powder and a rare earth material. By selecting a polyurethane solution as a main material and adding three thermal insulation fillers of carbon nanotubes, ceramic powder and rare earth materials, the three produce a synergistic effect, so that the obtained polyurethane thermal insulation fiber has excellent light-absorbing heat-generating warmth retention and far-infrared warmth retention, that is, it has excellent instant and fast-heating effect, and is suitable for preparing winter cold-proof and warm clothing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the invention. The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the invention.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials involved in the specific embodiments of the present invention are all conventional materials in the art and can be purchased commercially;

[0036] In particular, the information of some raw materials involved in the following specific implementation is as follows:

[0037] Polyurethane solution: solid content 8%, purchased from Chuanhua Chemical;

[0038] Carbon nanotubes: diameter is about 20nm;

[0039] Nano ceramic powder: specifically nano alumina and nano zirconia, with a particle size of about 40nm;

[0040] Rare earth materials: specifically lanthanum and cerium, purchased from Tianjin Rare Earth Research Institute.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0043] (1) mixing 100 g of polyurethane solution, 1 g of carbon nanotubes, 0.5 g of nano-alumina, 0.25 g of lanthanum and 100 g of water to obtain a spinning solution;

[0044] (2) electrospinning the spinning solution obtained in step (1) to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber;

[0045] Among them, the voltage of electrospinning is 20V, the spinning solution flow rate is 20μL / min, the spinning needle hole diameter is 15μm, and the receiving distance is 15cm.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) mixing 100 g of polyurethane solution, 2 g of carbon nanotubes, 0.5 g of nano zirconium oxide, 0.5 g of cerium and 100 g of water to obtain a spinning solution;

[0049] (2) electrospinning the spinning solution obtained in step (1) to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber;

[0050] Among them, the voltage of electrospinning is 25V, the spinning solution flow rate is 15μL / min, the spinning needle hole diameter is 20μm, and the receiving distance is 20cm.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) mixing 100 g of polyurethane solution, 0.5 g of carbon nanotubes, 0.1 g of nano zirconium oxide, 0.2 g of lanthanum and 100 g of water to obtain a spinning solution;

[0054] (2) electrospinning the spinning solution obtained in step (1) to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber;

[0055] Among them, the voltage of electrospinning is 5V, the flow rate of spinning solution is 50μL / min, the diameter of spinning needle hole is 25μm, and the receiving distance is 10cm.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly. The only difference between it and Example 1 is that the added amount of carbon nanotubes is 0.05g, the added amount of nano-alumina is 1.1g, and the added amount of lanthanum is 0.6g. Other components, amounts and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly. The only difference between it and Example 1 is that the added amount of carbon nanotubes is 1.4g, the added amount of nano-alumina is 0.05g, and the added amount of lanthanum is 0.6g. Other components, amounts and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly. The only difference between it and Example 1 is that the added amount of carbon nanotubes is 1.1g, the added amount of nano-alumina is 0.6g, and the added amount of lanthanum is 0.05g. Other components, amounts and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A polyurethane fiber, which differs from Example 1 in that nano-alumina is not added, the added amount of carbon nanotubes is 1.4 g, the added amount of lanthanum is 0.35 g, and other components, amounts and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] A polyurethane fiber, which differs from Example 1 in that lanthanum is not added, the added amount of carbon nanotubes is 1.2 g, the added amount of nano-alumina is 0.55 g, and other components, amounts and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] A polyurethane fiber, which differs from Example 1 in that no carbon nanotubes are added, the added amount of nano-alumina is 1.25 g, the added amount of lanthanum is 0.5 g, and the other components, amounts and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 4

[0069] A common polyurethane fiber purchased from Shenghong Group.

[0070] Comparative Example 5

[0071] An aluminum printed thermal fabric purchased from Toray.

[0072] Performance Test:

[0073] (1) Light absorption, heat generation and warmth retention: Tested in accordance with the test method provided in GB / T 18319-2019 Test method for light and heat storage performance of textiles;

[0074] (2) Far-infrared warmth retention: Tested in accordance with the test method provided in GB / T 30127-2013 “Testing and evaluation of far-infrared properties of textiles”;

[0075] It should be noted that the above test was carried out in a standard atmosphere with a temperature of 20° C. and a humidity of 65%.

[0076] The fibers provided in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were tested according to the above test method. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079] From the data in Table 1, we can see that:

[0080] Since carbon nanotubes, nano-ceramics, and rare earth fibers have both the effects of light absorption and heat generation and far infrared temperature rise, the polyurethane thermal insulation fibers provided in Examples 1 to 6 all have excellent light absorption and heat generation and far infrared thermal insulation properties;

[0081] Compared with the case where no nano-ceramics, rare earth materials or carbon nanotubes are added (Comparative Examples 1 to 3), the far-infrared temperature rise effect of the obtained polyurethane fiber is weakened;

[0082] Compared with ordinary fiber (Comparative Example 4), the temperature difference can be up to 19.2°C when absorbing light and generating heat for 2 minutes, and the temperature difference of far-infrared temperature rise can be up to 1.6°C;

[0083] Compared with aluminum printed fabric (Comparative Example 5), the maximum difference in heat generation due to light absorption is 17.3°C, and the maximum difference in far-infrared temperature rise is 0.9°C. In addition, compared with printed fabrics, there are problems of metal shedding, toxicity and environmental pollution. In comparison, the original yarn has an absolute advantage in achieving rapid temperature rise and warmth preservation.

[0084] The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates a kind of quick-heating polyurethane thermal insulation fiber and its preparation method and application through the above-mentioned embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of various raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyurethane thermal insulation fiber that heats up quickly, characterized in that: The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber is obtained by electrostatic spinning from a spinning solution; The spinning solution is composed of polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, nano-grade ceramic powder, rare earth material and solvent; Taking the mass of the polyurethane solution as 100%, the masses of other components in the polyurethane solution are respectively: 0.1-2% of carbon nanotubes, 0.1-1% of nano-grade ceramic powder and 0.1-0.5% of rare earth materials.

2. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid content of the polyurethane solution is 1-30%.

3. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the carbon nanotube is 10-30 nm.

4. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-scale ceramic powder includes nano-scale aluminum oxide and / or nano-scale zirconium oxide.

5. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano-scale ceramic powder is 30-50 nm.

6. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth material includes lanthanum and / or cerium.

7. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the rare earth material is 20-25 nm.

8. The polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent includes water.

9. A method for preparing the instant and fast-heating polyurethane thermal insulation fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a polyurethane solution, carbon nanotubes, nano-ceramic powder, a rare earth material and a solvent to obtain a spinning solution; (2) Electrospinning the spinning solution obtained in step (1) to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation fiber.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The voltage of the electrospinning in step (2) is 5-25V.

11. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The receiving distance of the electrospinning in step (2) is 10-20 cm.

12. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spinning flow rate of the electrospinning in step (2) is 15-50 μL / min.

13. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pinhole diameter of the electrospinning in step (2) is 10-30 μm.

14. An instant heating and quick-warming thermal insulation fabric, characterized in that: The instant heating and quick-warming thermal insulation fabric comprises the instant heating and quick-warming polyurethane thermal insulation fiber as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

15. A cold-proof clothing, characterized in that: The cold-proof clothing includes the instant-heating and quick-warming polyurethane thermal insulation fiber as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 or the instant-heating and quick-warming thermal insulation fabric as described in claim 14.

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