A kind of moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer and its preparation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological organic fertilizers. The invention realizes efficient fermentation of fungus residues through two-step fermentation, which provides rich organic nutrients on the one hand and is conducive to absorbing and retaining moisture on the other hand. Humic acid, auxiliary nutrients and other ingredients are added to provide the soil with a variety of rich nutrients. Secondly, a water-retaining agent component is prepared to achieve an excellent soil and water conservation effect. Zeolite is added, and the porous structure of the zeolite enables it to adsorb and retain moisture and nutrients to prevent them from being lost with water. This helps to improve the water retention of the soil, so that plants can better absorb moisture and nutrients, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil. The synergistic effect of the components of the invention achieves efficient soil water and fertilizer retention effects, increases the content of soil organic matter and aggregates, effectively improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and has significant economic and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Water is an irreplaceable prerequisite for human survival and crop growth, and is also the foundation for sustainable economic and social development. The loss caused by crop yield reduction due to drought is the sum of crop yield reduction caused by other factors.

[0003] Moisture conservation refers to the method of maintaining soil moisture during crop growth. With global warming and population growth, the frequency of severe drought events is also on the rise, causing drought problems in many farmlands. Moisture conservation research can help farmers cope with the challenge of insufficient water, improve crop yields and quality, and give full play to the potential of farmland.

[0004] At present, there are mainly the following methods for soil moisture conservation:

[0005] Organic matter improvement, adding organic fertilizers can increase soil water retention and improve soil structure and texture. Organic matter can enhance the structural stability of soil aggregates, provide more space for microbial activity, and help store and release soil moisture.

[0006] Covering materials, using covering materials to cover the surface of farmland can reduce water evaporation and wind erosion on the soil surface and keep the soil moist. Commonly used covering materials include straw, film, etc., which can be selected according to different crops and regional conditions.

[0007] Water-fertilizer integration: During the irrigation process, the water-fertilizer ratio is reasonably controlled to improve water utilization efficiency and nutrient utilization rate. Through scientific application of fertilizers, plant roots can better absorb soil moisture and reduce the loss of area and yield.

[0008] Reasonable drainage, excessive water accumulation will cause damage to the root system of crops, so it is very important to properly design and maintain the drainage system. Ensuring smooth drainage of farmland and avoiding water accumulation will help keep the soil moist.

[0009] Applying water-retaining agents is also a typical moisture conservation technology. For example, the patent application with application number 202310703163.5 discloses a bentonite-based water-retaining soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners. The bentonite-based water-retaining soil conditioner, by mass, comprises the following components in raw materials: 30-40 parts of modified bentonite, 15-20 parts of bentonite-calcium carbonate complex, 10-15 parts of nano-sepiolite powder, and 5-10 parts of ultra-high molecular weight polyacrylamide. However, most of the water-absorbing and water-retaining soil conditioners currently appearing have poor performance and single functions, and have little positive effect on the soil, and are not worth practical application and promotion. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a composite microbial moisture-retaining organic fertilizer, which can effectively alleviate soil drought while maintaining soil moisture, effectively regulating soil ecological activity and promoting crop growth.

[0011] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0012] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humic acid, 30-50 parts of soybean meal powder, 5-10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 50-100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 10-20 parts of water retaining agent and 10-20 parts of zeolite.

[0013] Preferably, the supplementary nutrient elements are composed of urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:(0.1-0.3).

[0014] More preferably, the trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is (0.01-0.5): (0.01-0.05): (0.03-0.1): (0.05-0.15): (0.1-0.15): (0.05-0.5).

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is:

[0016] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0017] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0018] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20-30:1, and then add 0.1% of the material weight of the composting bacteria liquid, mix it evenly with a turning machine, and place it in a fermentation tank for fermentation. Turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn it once every day at 65-70℃, and turn it immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0019] Preferably, the mushroom residue in step (1) is one of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue.

[0020] Preferably, the pre-fermentation bacterial agent in step (2) is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0021] Preferably, the decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is a mixture of Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 and Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040 in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0022] The cellulolytic Bacillus of the present invention was purchased from the China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original preservation date was June 12, 2015. The Trichoderma acuminata was purchased from the China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original preservation date was August 8, 2005. Both strains can be purchased through the China General Microorganism Collection Center, and there is no need to repeat biological preservation.

[0023] The specific preparation method of the decomposed bacterial liquid of the present invention is: Bacillus cellulolyticus and Trichoderma chlororaphis are inoculated into LB medium respectively, and cultured at 30-37°C and 20-25°C with shaking until the bacterial concentration reaches OD 600 ≈2.0, and then mix in a 1:1 volume ratio.

[0024] Preferably, the preparation method of the water retaining agent is: adding acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate in a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001 to a PAV aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%, then adding borax with a mass% of the PAV aqueous solution, mechanically stirring at 35-40°C to fully mix, then polymerizing at 60°C for 5h, and then cyclically freezing and thawing at -20°C for 3 times to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0025] More preferably, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:30-50 mL.

[0026] A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue;

[0028] (2) preparing a water-retaining agent;

[0029] (3) The raw materials are stirred and mixed according to weight, and then crushed, and then added into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and the granules are dried at 40-50° C. to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.

[0030] Fermented mushroom residue is rich in organic matter and contains mineral nutrients such as Ca, P, and K, which are suitable for the survival and growth of microorganisms, can improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility. At the same time, it has good water absorption, which is beneficial to soil and water conservation. However, the organic matter components contained in the mushroom residue raw materials are original bran, sawdust and other components. If they are directly applied to the soil, they will not be effectively absorbed by crops. In addition, the direct application of untreated mushroom residue will cause many problems such as soil acidification. Therefore, effective fermentation treatment of mushroom residue is the key to the effective utilization of mushroom residue.

[0031] The present invention uses mushroom residue as the basic organic raw material, and undergoes two-step fermentation. First, EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are used for pre-fermentation. The pre-fermentation of multiple composite bacteria allows the system organic matter to be initially decomposed, and a large amount of gas is discharged during fermentation, making the system loose and porous, which is more conducive to subsequent decomposition. At the same time, the number of beneficial bacteria in the pile is effectively increased, and the fermentation efficiency is accelerated. Subsequent use of cellulolytic Bacillus and Trichoderma chlororaphis both have good fermentation functions. Cellulolytic Bacillus has efficient cellulose degradation ability and accelerates the fermentation process. Trichoderma chlororaphis can produce a variety of enzyme systems with biological activity, and the produced cellulase activity is relatively high, which can effectively promote the degradation of cellulose by Bacillus chlororaphis. After the two are mixed in equal proportions, efficient fermentation of mushroom residue can be achieved, high-temperature fermentation time can be extended, and efficient degradation of organic matter can be achieved. The mushroom residue after efficient fermentation has high organic matter content and high system porosity. Applying to the soil can increase the content of large aggregates in the soil and improve soil water stability, which can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and improve soil fertility.

[0032] At the same time, the composite water-retaining agent prepared by the present invention is essentially a loose and porous hydrogel material, which can achieve the effect of sustained nutrient release on the one hand, and on the other hand, has good water absorption and a loose and porous structure, which is more conducive to soil and water conservation, effectively reduces soil bulk density, and improves air permeability.

[0033] Beneficial effects: The present invention realizes efficient fermentation of fungus residue through two-step fermentation, which provides rich organic nutrients on the one hand and is conducive to absorbing and retaining moisture on the other hand. Humic acid, auxiliary nutrients and other ingredients are added to provide the soil with a variety of rich nutrients. Secondly, a water-retaining agent is added to achieve excellent soil and water conservation effects. Zeolite is added, and the porous structure of zeolite enables it to adsorb and retain moisture and nutrients to prevent them from being lost with water. This helps to improve the water retention of the soil, allowing plants to better absorb moisture and nutrients, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil. The synergistic effect of the various components of the present invention achieves efficient water and fertilizer retention effects in the soil, increases the content of soil organic matter and aggregates, effectively improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and can replace the use of chemical fertilizers, with significant economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 The rate of change of soil moisture content over time in Examples 1 and 5, the blank control, and the commercially available water retaining agent group;

[0035] Figure 2 The rate of change of soil moisture content over time in Examples 2-4, the blank control, and the commercially available water retaining agent group;

[0036] Figure 3 The scanning electron microscope images of the surface and internal structure of the water-retaining agent prepared in the present invention, wherein A is the surface and B is the interior. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of soybean meal powder, 5 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 50 parts of fermented fungus residue, 10 parts of water retaining agent and 10 parts of zeolite.

[0040] The composition of the supplementary nutrient elements is: urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements, and the mass ratio is 1:2:1:0.1.

[0041] The trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is 0.01:0.01:0.03:0.05:0.1:0.05.

[0042] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0043] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0044] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0045] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1, and then add 0.1% of the material weight of the composting bacteria liquid, mix it evenly with a turning machine, and place it in a fermentation tank for fermentation. Turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn it once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn it immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0046] The mushroom residue in step (1) is Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue.

[0047] The pre-fermentation bacterial agent in step (2) is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0048] The decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is a mixture of Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 and Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040 in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0049] Bacillus cellulolyticus was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was June 12, 2015. The Trichoderma acuminata was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was August 8, 2005. Both strains can be purchased through China General Microorganism Collection Center, and there is no need to repeat biological deposit.

[0050] The specific preparation method of the mature bacterial liquid is as follows: Bacillus cellulolyticus and Trichoderma chlororaphis are inoculated into LB medium respectively, and cultured at 30-37°C and 20-25°C with shaking until the bacterial concentration reaches OD 600 ≈2.0, and then mix in a 1:1 volume ratio.

[0051] The preparation method of the water retaining agent is as follows: acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate are added into a PAV aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% according to a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001, and then borax with a mass percentage of 1% of the PAV aqueous solution is added, mechanically stirred at 35-40° C. to fully mix, and then polymerized at 60° C. for 5 hours, and then cyclically frozen and thawed at -20° C. for 3 times to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0052] The solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:50 mL.

[0053] A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0054] (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue;

[0055] (2) preparing a water-retaining agent;

[0056] (3) Stir and mix the raw materials according to weight, then crush them, add them into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and dry the granules at 40-50°C to obtain the final product organic fertilizer. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥300 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥60%.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 8 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 70 parts of fermented fungus residue, 15 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0059] The composition of the supplementary nutrient elements is: urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements, and the mass ratio is 1:2:1:0.2.

[0060] The trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is 0.1:0.03:0.05:0.1:0.1:0.2.

[0061] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0062] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0063] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0064] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, and then add 0.1% of the material weight of the composting bacteria liquid, mix it evenly with a turning machine, and place it in a fermentation tank for fermentation. Turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn it once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn it immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0065] The mushroom residue in step (1) is Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue.

[0066] The pre-fermentation bacterial agent in step (2) is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0067] The decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is a mixture of Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 and Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040 in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0068] Bacillus cellulolyticus was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was June 12, 2015. The Trichoderma acuminata was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was August 8, 2005. Both strains can be purchased through China General Microorganism Collection Center, and there is no need to repeat biological deposit.

[0069] The specific preparation method of the mature bacterial liquid is as follows: Bacillus cellulolyticus and Trichoderma chlororaphis are inoculated into LB medium respectively, and cultured at 30-37°C and 20-25°C with shaking until the bacterial concentration reaches OD 600 ≈2.0, and then mix in a 1:1 volume ratio.

[0070] The preparation method of the water retaining agent is as follows: acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate are added into a PAV aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% according to a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001, and then borax with a mass percentage of 1% of the PAV aqueous solution is added, mechanically stirred at 35-40° C. to fully mix, and then polymerized at 60° C. for 5 hours, and then cyclically frozen and thawed at -20° C. for 3 times to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0071] The solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:40 mL.

[0072] A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0073] (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue;

[0074] (2) preparing a water-retaining agent;

[0075] (3) Stir and mix the raw materials according to weight, then crush them, add them into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and dry the granules at 40-50°C to obtain the final product organic fertilizer. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥300 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥60%.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 40 parts of soybean meal powder, 7 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 75 parts of fermented fungus residue, 16 parts of water retaining agent and 18 parts of zeolite.

[0078] The composition of the supplementary nutrient elements is: urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements, and the mass ratio is 1:2:1:0.1.

[0079] The trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is 0.01:0.04:0.06:0.15:0.1:0.5.

[0080] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0081] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0082] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0083] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of composting bacteria liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in a fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0084] The mushroom residue in step (1) is a mixture of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0085] The pre-fermentation bacterial agent in step (2) is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0086] The decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is a mixture of Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 and Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040 in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0087] Bacillus cellulolyticus was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was June 12, 2015. The Trichoderma acuminata was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was August 8, 2005. Both strains can be purchased through China General Microorganism Collection Center, and there is no need to repeat biological deposit.

[0088] The specific preparation method of the mature bacterial liquid is as follows: Bacillus cellulolyticus and Trichoderma chlororaphis are inoculated into LB medium respectively, and cultured at 30-37°C and 20-25°C with shaking until the bacterial concentration reaches OD 600 ≈2.0, and then mix in a 1:1 volume ratio.

[0089] The preparation method of the water retaining agent is as follows: acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate are added into a PAV aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% according to a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001, and then borax with a mass percentage of 1% of the PAV aqueous solution is added, mechanically stirred at 35-40° C. to fully mix, and then polymerized at 60° C. for 5 hours, and then cyclically frozen and thawed at -20° C. for 3 times to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0090] The solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:50 mL.

[0091] A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0092] (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue;

[0093] (2) preparing a water-retaining agent;

[0094] (3) Stir and mix the raw materials according to weight, then crush them, add them into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and dry the granules at 40-50°C to obtain the final product organic fertilizer. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥300 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥60%.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of humic acid, 45 parts of soybean meal powder, 5 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 80 parts of fermented fungus residue, 17 parts of water retaining agent and 15 parts of zeolite.

[0097] The composition of the supplementary nutrient elements is: urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements, with a mass ratio of 1:2:1:0.3.

[0098] The trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is 0.5:0.05:0.03:0.15:0.15:0.3.

[0099] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0100] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0101] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0102] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of composting bacteria liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in a fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0103] The mushroom residue in step (1) is Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue.

[0104] The pre-fermentation bacterial agent in step (2) is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0105] The decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is a mixture of Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 and Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040 in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0106] Bacillus cellulolyticus was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was June 12, 2015. The Trichoderma acuminata was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was August 8, 2005. Both strains can be purchased through China General Microorganism Collection Center, and there is no need to repeat biological deposit.

[0107] The specific preparation method of the mature bacterial liquid is as follows: Bacillus cellulolyticus and Trichoderma chlororaphis are inoculated into LB medium respectively, and cultured at 30-37°C and 20-25°C with shaking until the bacterial concentration reaches OD 600 ≈2.0, and then mix in a 1:1 volume ratio.

[0108] The preparation method of the water retaining agent is as follows: acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate are added into a PAV aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% according to a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001, and then borax with a mass percentage of 1% of the PAV aqueous solution is added, mechanically stirred at 35-40° C. to fully mix, and then polymerized at 60° C. for 5 hours, and then cyclically frozen and thawed at -20° C. for 3 times to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0109] The solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:35 mL.

[0110] A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0111] (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue;

[0112] (2) preparing a water-retaining agent;

[0113] (3) Stir and mix the raw materials according to weight, then crush them, add them into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and dry the granules at 40-50°C to obtain the final product organic fertilizer. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥300 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥60%.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 20 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0116] The composition of the supplementary nutrient elements is: urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements, with a mass ratio of 1:2:1:0.3.

[0117] The trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is 0.5:0.05:0.1:0.15:0.15:0.5.

[0118] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0119] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0120] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0121] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of composting bacteria liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in a fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0122] The mushroom residue in step (1) is Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue.

[0123] The pre-fermentation bacterial agent in step (2) is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0124] The decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is a mixture of Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 and Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040 in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0125] Bacillus cellulolyticus was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was June 12, 2015. The Trichoderma acuminata was purchased from China General Microorganism Collection Center, and the original deposit date was August 8, 2005. Both strains can be purchased through China General Microorganism Collection Center, and there is no need to repeat biological deposit.

[0126] The specific preparation method of the mature bacterial liquid is as follows: Bacillus cellulolyticus and Trichoderma chlororaphis are inoculated into LB medium respectively, and cultured at 30-37°C and 20-25°C with shaking until the bacterial concentration reaches OD 600 ≈2.0, and then mix in a 1:1 volume ratio.

[0127] The preparation method of the water retaining agent is as follows: acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate are added into a PAV aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% according to a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001, and then borax with a mass percentage of 1% of the PAV aqueous solution is added, mechanically stirred at 35-40° C. to fully mix, and then polymerized at 60° C. for 5 hours, and then cyclically frozen and thawed at -20° C. for 3 times to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0128] The solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:50 mL.

[0129] A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0130] (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue;

[0131] (2) preparing a water-retaining agent;

[0132] (3) Stir and mix the raw materials according to weight, then crush them, add them into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and dry the granules at 40-50°C to obtain the final product organic fertilizer. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥300 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥60%.

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 20 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0135] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0136] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0137] (2) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pretreated residue to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of the composting liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in a fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 30 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0138] In this comparative example, except that the pre-fermentation of the fungus residue is not performed, only the mature fungus liquid is used for fermentation, and the total fermentation time is maintained the same. The remaining raw materials and process steps are the same as those in Example 5. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥100 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥40%.

[0139] Comparative Example 2

[0140] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 20 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0141] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0142] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0143] (2) Fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pretreated fungus residue to the mixture, and mix evenly. Then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation bacterial agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over once every 3 days, and end the fermentation after 30 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0144] In this comparative example, except that the fermentation of the mature bacterial liquid of the fungus residue is not performed, only the pre-fermentation bacterial agent is used for fermentation, and the total fermentation time is maintained the same. The remaining raw materials and process steps are the same as those in Example 5. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective live bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥100 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥40%.

[0145] Comparative Example 3

[0146] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 20 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0147] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0148] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0149] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0150] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of composting bacteria liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in a fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0151] The decomposed bacterial liquid in step (3) is Bacillus cellulosilyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312.

[0152] The specific preparation method of the mature bacterial liquid is as follows: inoculate the cellulolytic Bacillus into the LB medium, and culture it under shaking at 30-37°C until the bacterial concentration reaches O.D600≈2.0.

[0153] In this comparative example, except that only Bacillus cellulolyticus was used in the decomposing bacterial liquid, the other raw materials and preparation methods were the same as those in Example 5. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the obtained organic fertilizer had an effective live bacterial count of ≥ 200 million / g and an organic matter (on a dry basis) of ≥ 50%.

[0154] Comparative Example 4

[0155] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 20 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0156] The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows:

[0157] (1) After the mushroom residue raw material is crushed, it is sterilized by exposure to the sun, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue;

[0158] (2) Pre-fermentation: Add 2% of brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to the mixture, and then add 0.1% of the pre-fermentation agent by weight of the mixture. Stir and mix evenly, then put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over every 3 days, and ferment for 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material.

[0159] (3) Composting and fermentation: adjust the moisture content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of composting bacteria liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in a fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃. The fermentation cycle is 20 days, and then the fermentation is terminated.

[0160] The decomposed fungus liquid in step (3) is Trichoderma viridescens with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5.1040.

[0161] The specific preparation method of the decomposed bacterial liquid is as follows: inoculate Trichoderma chlororaphis into LB culture medium, and culture with shaking at 20-25°C until the bacterial concentration reaches O.D600≈2.0.

[0162] In this comparative example, except that only Trichoderma chlororosum is used in the decomposed bacterial liquid, the other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 5. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the obtained organic fertilizer has an effective live bacteria count of ≥ 200 million / g and an organic matter (on a dry basis) of ≥ 40%.

[0163] Comparative Example 5

[0164] A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 100 parts of fermented fungus residue, 20 parts of water retaining agent and 20 parts of zeolite.

[0165] The water retaining agent in this comparative example is a commercially available finished water retaining agent, the main component of which is a highly absorbent resin, purchased from Jinan Chaoyixing Chemical Co., Ltd. According to the national standard NY884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the number of effective living bacteria in the obtained organic fertilizer is ≥ 100 million / g, and the organic matter (on a dry basis) is ≥ 40%.

[0166] Performance Testing

[0167] Test soil sample: sandy soil, soil physical and chemical properties are: pH 8.1, conductivity 225μS / cm, organic matter content 12.1g / kg, total nitrogen content 423.6mg / kg, total phosphorus content 205.5mg / kg, available potassium content 165.7mg / kg.

[0168] Experimental group: organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-5 of the present invention, commercially available water-retaining agent finished product, the main component of which is a highly absorbent resin, purchased from Jinan Chaoyixing Chemical Co., Ltd. The soil samples were air-dried, sieved, and potted for standby use (800g / pot), 6 treatments were set, and each treatment was repeated three times. The results were averaged. A1-A5 added the organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-5 of the present invention, 50g was added to each pot. A6 added a commercially available water-retaining agent, and the addition amount was 50g / pot according to the instructions. A blank control CK was set, that is, no external water-retaining component was used, only a sandy soil sample.

[0169] Water retention performance test:

[0170] After the experimental group added water until the soil moisture content reached the field saturated water holding capacity, it was left to stand for three days, and then the soil quality of the potted plants was monitored once on the 1st to 9th and 12th days. The soil moisture content was determined by calculating the change of soil moisture content over time based on the potted plant weighing data. The calculation formula for soil moisture content is:

[0171] ω n =W n / 800×100%

[0172] where ω n is the soil moisture content on the nth day of cultivation (n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12), ; is the soil moisture content on the nth day of cultivation, g; 800 is the mass of sieved air-dried soil in each pot, g.

[0173] The experimental results are as follows Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure, we can see that in the initial stage of 1-2 days, the soil moisture content is high, and A1-A5 and A6 containing water-retaining ingredients are in the process of absorbing moisture and storing water. Starting from the third day, the moisture retention effect of each experimental group gradually emerged. In the CK group without using water-retaining ingredients, the soil moisture content dropped sharply, while Examples 1-5 of the present invention and the commercially available water-retaining agent showed good water-retaining capacity, and the effect was basically equivalent to that of the commercially available water-retaining agent, or even slightly better than the commercially available water-retaining agent group. This may be because the porous structure and excellent water absorption performance of the fermented bacterial residue and the prepared water-retaining agent in the components of the present invention show an excellent water-retaining effect. In addition, from the surface and internal structure diagram of the water-retaining agent ( Figure 3 ) It can also be seen that such a structure is more conducive to retaining moisture and maintaining fertility.

[0174] Planting experiment

[0175] The soil of an agricultural demonstration base in Linshu County, Linyi City, Shandong Province was selected as an experimental field, and 21 experimental fields were set up, divided into 7 treatment groups, and the organic fertilizers obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were applied respectively, and a blank control was set at the same time. Each treatment group was repeated three times, and the results were averaged.

[0176] Fruit crops: Tomato "Summer King"

[0177] Treatment group 1: The organic fertilizer obtained in Example 5 of the present invention was applied at an application rate of 80 kg / 667 m -2 ;

[0178] Treatment group 2-6: the organic fertilizer obtained in comparative example 1-5 was applied at an application rate of 80 kg / 667 m -2 ;

[0179] Treatment group 7: no fertilizer was applied.

[0180] Furrows were dug on both sides of the transplanting row and fertilizer was spread, soil and fertilizer were mixed and covered, and other management measures remained the same. Each plot was harvested, weighed, and the yield was counted.

[0181] Soil performance measurement method: The nutrient content, organic matter content, moisture content and other properties in the aggregates are all determined in accordance with the "Soil Agrochemical Analysis". The field water holding capacity and saturated water content are determined by the ring knife immersion method. Soil performance is measured after harvest.

[0182] Table 1 Experimental test results

[0183]

[0184] From the data in the table, we can see that the organic fertilizer obtained by the embodiment of the present invention achieves a good water and moisture retention effect while effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, in Comparative Examples 1-5, which change the fermentation process, the composition of the microbial agent, and the type of the water retaining agent, the fermentation effect of the fungus residue is weakened, the water retention effect is reduced, and the fertilizer effect and the soil conditioning ability are reduced. Therefore, the selection of the fermentation process of the present invention, the selection of the strain, and the preparation of the components such as the water retaining agent are the key technical means of the present invention, which complement each other. If one is missing, the effect will be weak.

[0185] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only partial embodiments of the preferred methods of implementing the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Obviously, based on the above embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humic acid, 30-50 parts of soybean meal powder, 5-10 parts of supplementary nutrient elements, 50-100 parts of fermented bacterial residue, 10-20 parts of water retaining agent and 10-20 parts of zeolite; The preparation method of the fermented bacteria residue is as follows: The mushroom residue raw material is crushed, exposed to the sun for sterilization, and then lime water is added to adjust the water content of the system to 60-70% and the pH to 6.8-7.5 to obtain pretreated mushroom residue; Pre-fermentation: add 2% brown sugar by weight of the pre-treated fungus residue to mix evenly, then add 0.1% pre-fermentation bacterial agent by weight of the mixture, stir and mix evenly, put into the fermentation tank, cover the surface with plastic film, turn over once every 3 days, and end the fermentation after 10 days to obtain the pre-fermented material; Composting and fermentation: adjust the water content of the pre-fermented material to 45-60%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20-30:1, add 0.1% of the material weight of the composting bacteria liquid, mix evenly with a turning machine, place in the fermentation tank for fermentation, turn the pile once every 2 days at 55-65℃, turn the pile once every 1 day at 65-70℃, turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃, and the fermentation cycle is 20 days, then the fermentation is terminated; The pre-fermentation bacterial agent is a mixture of EM bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; The decomposed bacterial liquid is Bacillus cellulolyticus with a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.15312 ( Bacillus cellulosilyticus ) and Trichoderma viridis with a deposit number of CGMCC No.5.1040 ( Trichoderma viridescens ) Mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the water retaining agent is as follows: acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate are added to a 5% PAV aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 5:0.001:0.001, and then 1% borax by mass of the PAV aqueous solution is added, and the mixture is mechanically stirred at 35-40° C. to be fully mixed, and then polymerized at 60° C. for 5 hours, and then frozen and thawed three times at -20° C. to obtain the water retaining agent; The solid-to-liquid ratio of the total mass of acrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate to the aqueous solution of PAV is 1 g:30-50 mL; The composition of the supplementary nutrient elements is: urea, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and trace elements, with a mass ratio of 1:2:1:(0.1-0.3); The trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, and the mass ratio of each element is (0.01-0.5): (0.01-0.05): (0.03-0.1): (0.05-0.15): (0.1-0.15): (0.05-0.5).

2. The moisture-retaining biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom residue is one of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue.

3. A method for preparing a moisture-retaining bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: (1) preparing fermented bacterial residue; (2) preparing a water-retaining agent; (3) The raw materials are stirred and mixed according to weight, and then crushed, and then added into a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules, and the granules are dried at 40° C. or 50° C. to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.

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