A high power radial line antenna and method for beam steering based on coded array

Abstract

The application is suitable for the field of high-power antennas, and provides a high-power radial line antenna and a method for regulating a beam based on a coding array, which comprises: a plurality of adjustable radiation units in a rectangular structure, the radiation unit comprising: a coaxial radial line conversion structure, a coaxial line, a coupling probe, a spiral antenna and a radial line waveguide; the coaxial line is connected with the outside of the center of the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide; the coaxial radial line conversion structure is connected with the coaxial line below and is located in the radial line waveguide above and connected with the inside of the top plate of the radial line waveguide; a plurality of coupling probes are symmetrically arranged along the center line, each coupling probe is arranged in the radial line waveguide, and a part of each coupling probe penetrates through the top plate of the radial line waveguide and is exposed outside the radial line waveguide; the spiral antenna is arranged on the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide and connected with the outside of the top plate of the radial line waveguide. The technical scheme provided by the application can effectively reduce the cost input and flexibly control the beam.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of high-power antennas, and particularly relates to a high-power radial line antenna and a method for regulating a beam based on a coded array. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-power antennas are a new subject that emerged in the 1970s, and refer to electromagnetic waves with a peak power of more than 100 MW and a working frequency of 1-300 GHz. With the development, a continuous pulse working system with a single pulse power energy of more than 1 J is also referred to as a high-power microwave system. As a terminal of the high-power system, the requirements for high-power antennas are not limited to high power in recent years, and new functions and uses are continuously proposed in the direction of application requirements, for example, for beam regulation.

[0003] However, when regulating a beam, the existing high-power antennas use circularly polarized spiral antennas to regulate the beam by changing the phase of each spiral antenna unit, but it is necessary to mechanically control the unit below the unit to regulate the phase of each spiral antenna unit in the array, which is extremely costly for a large high-power array. Another way is to add a metamaterial lens above the entire antenna to realize beam shaping, which is relatively low in cost, but the function of the lens is single and cannot flexibly control the electromagnetic beam. In addition, since the electric field is concentrated on the interface of the medium, the addition of the lens reduces the power capacity of the entire antenna system. In other words, the existing method for regulating a beam using a high-power antenna has the problems of extremely high cost and inflexible regulation. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problems in the related art, the application provides a high-power radial line antenna and a method for regulating a beam based on a coded array. The technical problems to be solved by the application are realized by the following technical solutions.

[0005] The application provides a high-power radial line antenna, which comprises a plurality of rectangular adjustable radiation units, and the radiation unit comprises a coaxial radial line conversion structure, a coaxial line, a plurality of coupling probes, a plurality of spiral antennas and a radial line waveguide; wherein the coaxial line is connected with the outside of the center of the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide; the coaxial radial line conversion structure is connected with the coaxial line below, and is located in the radial line waveguide above and connected with the inside of the top plate of the radial line waveguide; the plurality of coupling probes are symmetrically arranged along the center line, each coupling probe is arranged in the radial line waveguide, and a part of the body of each coupling probe penetrates the top plate of the radial line waveguide and is exposed outside the radial line waveguide; the spiral antenna is arranged on the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide and connected with the outside of the top plate of the radial line waveguide, wherein one coupling probe corresponds to one spiral antenna.

[0006] In some embodiments, each coupling probe comprises a probe, a cylindrical base and a metal column; wherein the probe and the cylindrical base are coaxially arranged, and the metal column is arranged on one side of the cylindrical base; the cylindrical base is arranged on the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide, one end of the probe is inserted into the cylindrical base and connected with the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide, the other end of the probe penetrates the top plate of the radial line waveguide and is exposed outside the radial line waveguide, one end of the metal column is connected with the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide, and the other end of the metal column is connected with the top plate of the radial line waveguide.

[0007] In some embodiments, the spiral antenna comprises a ring cavity, a coaxial cavity, a reflection cavity and a spiral line, wherein the coaxial cavity, the ring cavity and the reflection cavity are coaxially arranged, the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide is located on the axis of the coaxial cavity, the ring cavity and the reflection cavity, and the spiral line is spirally arranged on the body of the corresponding coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide.

[0008] In some embodiments, the body part of the coaxial radial line conversion structure in the radial line waveguide is in a conical structure, and the bottom surface of the conical structure is connected with the inside of the top plate of the radial line waveguide.

[0009] The application further provides a method for controlling the beam of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the high-power radial line antenna, comprising: determining a scanning angle of a preset direction; determining a first phase difference and a second phase difference using the scanning angle, wherein the first phase difference refers to a phase difference between adjacent radiating elements in a horizontal axis direction of a two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second phase difference refers to a phase difference between adjacent radiating elements in a vertical axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system; determining a phase distribution of each radiating element using the first phase difference and the second phase difference; determining a corresponding code sequence of each radiating element through the phase distribution of each radiating element; and determining a corresponding beam control angle of each radiating element using the corresponding code sequence of each radiating element, wherein the beam control angle represents an angle at which the radiating element needs to be rotated.

[0010] In some embodiments, the determining the corresponding code sequence of each radiating element through the phase distribution of each radiating element comprises: obtaining a code sequence bit number, a first preset interval, a second preset interval and a wavelength, wherein the first preset interval refers to a preset interval between adjacent radiating elements in the horizontal axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second preset interval refers to a preset interval between adjacent radiating elements in the vertical axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system; determining a length of each radiating element from an origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system using the scanning angle, the code sequence bit number and the wavelength, wherein the length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first length and a second length, the first length represents a length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system in the horizontal axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second length represents a length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system in the vertical axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system; performing division processing and absolute value processing on the first length and the first preset interval in sequence to obtain a size of a first phase cluster, the first phase cluster comprises radiating elements located in the horizontal axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system and having the same phase state; performing division processing and absolute value processing on the second length and the second preset interval in sequence to obtain a second phase cluster, the second phase cluster comprises radiating elements located in the vertical axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system and having the same phase state; and generating the corresponding code sequence of each radiating element using the first phase cluster and the second phase cluster.

[0011] In some embodiments, the determining the corresponding beam control angle of each radiating element using the corresponding code sequence of each radiating element comprises: performing multiplication processing on the corresponding code sequence of each radiating element and the code sequence bit number to calculate the beam control angle of each radiating element.

[0012] In some embodiments, the scanning angle comprises an azimuth angle and an elevation angle; the first length and the second length satisfy the following formulas respectively:

[0013]

[0014] wherein, L cx denotes the first length, L cy denotes the second length, denotes the azimuth angle, θ denotes the elevation angle, and λ0 denotes the wavelength.

[0015] In some embodiments, the size of the first phase cluster and the size of the second phase cluster satisfy the following formulas respectively:

[0016]

[0017] wherein, C x denotes the first phase cluster, C y denotes the second phase cluster, L cx denotes the first length, L cy denotes the second length, Δx denotes the first preset interval, and Δy denotes the second preset interval.

[0018] In some embodiments, the encoding sequence corresponding to each radiation unit satisfies the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] wherein, B(p, q) denotes the encoding sequence corresponding to each radiation unit, p denotes the index of each radiation unit along the x direction, p is a positive integer, q denotes the index of each radiation unit along the y direction, q is a positive integer, C x denotes the first phase cluster, C y denotes the second phase cluster, 2 n denotes the number of bits of the encoding sequence, and mod denotes the remainder.

[0021] The present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] 1. The application designs a radiation unit comprising a plurality of spiral antennas, in the operation process, when the rotation angle of the spiral antenna needs to be adjusted, only need to set a control device under each radiation unit for controlling the horizontal rotation of the radiation unit, so as to realize the technical effect that the rotation angle of all spiral antennas on the radiation unit is controlled at one time by controlling the rotation angle of each radiation unit to control the beam of the antenna array; compared with the existing mode that each control device controls the rotation of one antenna unit at a time to control the beam, the application can greatly reduce the cost investment, and the radial line antenna has the advantages of simple processing and easy manufacturing, further reducing the cost investment.

[0023] 2. The application introduces a coding sequence to regulate the beam emitted by the antenna array, which is more flexible and does not reduce the power capacity of the entire antenna system.

[0024] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-power radial line antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial radial line conversion structure in Figure 1

[0027] Figure 3

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a spiral antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a high-power radial line antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0030] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a method for regulating the beam based on the coding array provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0032] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of the radiation unit corresponding to different codes when the pitch angle is 0 degrees provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 9 is an example diagram of the coding sequence corresponding to the scanning angle (10°, 0°) provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0034] Figure 10 ​​is an encoding sequence based on Figure 9 provided by an embodiment of the present application, and a finally generated beam pointing diagram;

[0035] Figure 11 is an encoding sequence corresponding to a scanning angle of (20°, 45°) provided by an embodiment of the present application, and a finally generated beam pointing diagram.

[0036] Figure 12 is an encoding sequence based on Figure 11 provided by an embodiment of the present application, and a finally generated beam pointing diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present application will be further described below in connection with specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0038] In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0039] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the description of the present application, the illustrative description of the above terms is not necessarily for the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the specification.

[0040] Although the present application is described herein in connection with various embodiments, those skilled in the art, by viewing the drawings, disclosure, and appended claims, can understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in the implementation of the claimed application. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "one" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. Some measures are described in mutually different dependent claims, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0041] Beam modulation of conventional high-power antennas suffers from high costs and inflexible control. This invention proposes a high-power radial line antenna and a method for beam modulation based on a coded array. The high-power radial line antenna proposed in this invention can effectively reduce costs, and the beam modulation method based on the coded array allows for flexible beam control with minimal impact on the overall antenna system's power capacity. The principles of the high-power radial line antenna and the beam modulation method based on the coded array proposed in this invention will now be explained.

[0042] This invention proposes a high-power radial line antenna, comprising: multiple rectangular adjustable radiating elements, each radiating element including: a coaxial radial line conversion structure, a coaxial line, multiple coupling probes, multiple helical antennas, and a radial line waveguide; wherein, the coaxial line is connected to the outer side of the center of the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide; a portion of the body of the coaxial radial line conversion structure extends into the coaxial line and is coaxial with the coaxial line, and another portion of the body is located in the radial line waveguide and connected to the inner side of the top plate of the radial line waveguide; multiple coupling probes are symmetrically arranged along the center line, each coupling probe is located inside the radial line waveguide, and a portion of the body of each coupling probe penetrates through the top plate of the radial line waveguide and is exposed outside the radial line waveguide; helical antennas are disposed on the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide and are connected to the outer side of the top plate of the radial line waveguide, wherein one coupling probe corresponds to one helical antenna.

[0043] Now combined Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides a detailed description of the specific location and function of each component in the high-power radial line antenna provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-power radial line antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, Figure 1 Figure (1) is a front view of a high-power radial line antenna; Figure 1 Figure (2) is an overhead view of a high-power radial line antenna; Figure 1 Figure (3) is a cross-sectional view of a high-power radial line antenna. For example... Figure 1 As shown in Figure (1), a high-power radial line antenna consists of, from bottom to top: a coaxial line, a radial line waveguide, and a helical antenna. The coaxial line is connected to the radial line waveguide, and the radial line waveguide is connected to the helical antenna on top of it. The radial line plate, also known as the radial line waveguide, is typically composed of two coaxially fed parallel plates spaced a certain height apart. Energy is extracted from the plate from above using a coupling probe to power the radiating element. Due to its high efficiency, compact structure, and ease of fabrication, it is widely used in the field of high-power array antennas. The helical antenna is a circularly polarized antenna. In actual operation, the phase can be changed by rotating the helical antenna, thereby controlling the beam. Figure 1 Figure (1) andFigure 1 In Figure (2), the radial waveguide has a cubic structure, and four cylindrical helical antennas are uniformly arranged on the radial waveguide. Combined with... Figure 1 Figure (3) shows a coaxial-radial waveguide conversion structure in both the coaxial and radial waveguides, and a coupling probe in the radial waveguide, which is symmetrically arranged along the centerline. Each coupling probe corresponds to one helical antenna, and each helical antenna is located on the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial waveguide and connected to the outer side of the top plate of the radial waveguide.

[0045] In the high-power radial line antenna provided by the present invention, a coaxial radial line conversion structure is used to convert the input axially propagating electromagnetic wave into a radially propagating electromagnetic wave and transmit the radially propagating electromagnetic wave to the radial line waveguide; and a coaxial line is used to adjust the reflection coefficient; a coupling probe is used to extract the radially propagating electromagnetic wave from the radial line waveguide; and a helical antenna is used to radiate the radially propagating electromagnetic wave.

[0046] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Figure (3) in the figure provides a schematic diagram of the coaxial radial line conversion structure. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the main body of the coaxial radial line conversion structure, which extends into and is coaxial with the coaxial line, is cylindrical. In the radial waveguide, the main body of the coaxial radial line conversion structure within the radial waveguide is conical, with the bottom surface of the cone connected to the inner side of the top plate of the radial waveguide. Specifically, in the radial waveguide, the coaxial radial line conversion structure gradually expands to a certain value in the form of a cone and then remains constant, before being connected to the top plate of the radial waveguide by a coaxial line body of a certain height. The entire coaxial radial line conversion structure is shaped like a "flashlight." Optionally, the base radius of the cone is r6 = 17.5 mm, the height is h6 = 3 mm, the distance between the top and bottom plates of the radial waveguide is h4 = 28 mm, the cone height is h5 = 14 mm, the radius of the portion of the coaxial radial line conversion structure located within the coaxial line is a = 4.4 mm, and the radius of the coaxial line is b = 10.1 mm.

[0047] Here, the coupling probe of the present invention adopts a structure with a cylindrical base under the probe and a metal column behind the probe, belonging to the electromagnetic coupling probe type. In the high-power radial line antenna provided by the present invention, the probe is used to extract the electromagnetic waves propagating radially from the radial line waveguide; the cylindrical base is used to enhance the coupling output and increase the power capacity; the metal column is used to improve the reflection coefficient by adjusting the radius of the column and its distance from the probe.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the coupling probe provided in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 3As shown in the figure, each coupling probe comprises a probe, a cylindrical base and a metal column; wherein the probe and the cylindrical base are coaxially arranged, and the metal column is arranged on one side of the cylindrical base; the cylindrical base is arranged on the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide, one end of the probe is inserted into the cylindrical base and connected with the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide, the other end of the probe penetrates through the top plate of the radial line waveguide and is exposed outside the radial line waveguide, one end of the metal column is connected with the bottom plate of the radial line waveguide, and the other end of the metal column is connected with the top plate of the radial line waveguide. Optionally, the radius r2 of the coaxial cavity is 8 mm, the radius r3 of the probe is 3 mm, the radius r4 of the cylindrical base is 10.9 mm, and the height h2 is 13 mm. It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the description of the positions of the components in the figure, the combination parts between the components are represented by solid lines. Figure 3

[0049] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the spiral antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 Figure (1) in the figure is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spiral antenna, Figure 4 Figure (2) in the figure is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the spiral antenna. As shown in Figure (1) in the figure, Figure 4 Figure (1) in the figure, the spiral antenna comprises a ring cavity, a coaxial cavity, a reflection cavity and a spiral line, wherein the coaxial cavity, the ring cavity and the reflection cavity are coaxially arranged, the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide is located on the axis of the coaxial cavity, the ring cavity and the reflection cavity, and the spiral line is spirally arranged on the body of the corresponding coupling probe exposed outside the radial line waveguide. Wherein the spiral line further comprises a spiral winding, a semicircular transition section and a coaxial inner conductor. Wherein the spiral winding refers to a spiral conductor wound in a certain direction of rotation; the semicircular transition section refers to the transition section of the spiral winding and the coaxial inner conductor, which is a semicircle horizontally wound by the spiral conductor; the coaxial inner conductor refers to a metal conductor inserted into the probe, and the coaxial inner conductor connects the axis core of the spiral line. Optionally, the radius r5 of the ring cavity is 17.5 mm, and the height h3 is 20.97 mm; the radius r6 of the reflection cavity is 15 mm, and the height h4 is 5.96 mm; the radius of the spiral winding is 1.5 mm, the spiral radius is 10 mm, the pitch is 5.7 mm, and the number of turns is 0.87.

[0050] In the high-power radial line antenna provided by the present application, the ring cavity is used to reduce the coupling between the plurality of radiation units, the coaxial cavity is used to obtain the radial line propagation electromagnetic wave, the reflection cavity is used to match the reflection coefficient and the reflection coefficient of the spiral antenna, and the spiral line is used to radiate the radial line propagation electromagnetic wave.

[0051] It should be noted that the shape, phase, power and material of each spiral antenna included in the radiation unit are completely the same.

[0052] By Figures 1 to 4 ​The description of each structure determines the specific structure of each element, and the combination of each structure constitutes a radiation unit; and the arrangement and combination of a plurality of radiation units in a rectangular structure form the high-power radial line antenna provided in the embodiment of the application. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the high-power radial line antenna array provided in the embodiment of the application. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, a plurality of radiation units are arranged closely to form a rectangular planar antenna array. The spiral antenna of the application can change the phase by rotating to control the beam. In actual operation, a mechanical control structure is installed under a radiation unit, the entire radiation unit is rotated according to the actual required phase difference, and each spiral antenna in the radiation unit rotates by the same angle. Since the radiation unit is a rectangular structure, a phase difference of nearly 90 degrees can be achieved by rotating 90 degrees each time, and the angle required for the twisting of each radiation unit in the application is basically an integer multiple of 90 degrees, which means that the accuracy requirement of the mechanical control structure of the application is not high. By reducing the number of mechanical control units and reducing the accuracy requirement of the mechanical control structure, the cost investment can be greatly reduced.

[0053] The application also provides a method for regulating the beam based on the coding array, which is used to regulate the beam of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the high-power radial line antenna provided in the application. Now the principle of the method for regulating the beam based on the coding array provided in the application will be described. Figure 6 The principle of the method for regulating the beam based on the coding array provided in the application will be described. Figure 6 is a flowchart of the method for regulating the beam based on the coding array provided in the embodiment of the application. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps.

[0054] Step 110: determining the scanning angle of the preset direction.

[0055] Here, the scanning angle can be understood as the expected beam pointing direction or the expected orientation of the beam main lobe. The scanning angle includes the azimuth angle and the elevation angle θ. The scanning angle can be set by the technician according to the actual needs.

[0056] Step 120: determining the first phase difference and the second phase difference respectively by using the scanning angle, the first phase difference being the phase difference between adjacent radiation units in the horizontal axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second phase difference being the phase difference between adjacent radiation units in the vertical axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0057] It should be understood that the first phase difference and the second phase difference are introduced here only to distinguish between the two, and do not limit the content of the embodiment of the application.

[0058] Here, the first phase difference is used to determine the phase distribution of each radiation unit in the horizontal axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system (from the coordinate origin to infinity), and the second phase difference is used to determine the phase distribution of each radiation unit in the vertical axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system (from the coordinate origin to infinity).

[0059] In a possible implementation, the first phase difference and the second phase difference satisfy the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] wherein dΦ x refers to the first phase difference, dΦ y refers to the second phase difference, k refers to a wave vector, and λ refers to a wavelength. refers to an azimuth angle, and θ refers to a pitch angle.

[0062] Step 130: determining the phase distribution of each radiation unit by using the first phase difference and the second phase difference.

[0063] After obtaining the first phase difference and the second phase difference in step 120, the phase distribution of the radiation unit in different directions is determined. For example, assuming that the phase of the radiation unit at the coordinate origin is 0, and the first phase difference is determined to be 78 degrees by using the scanning angle, then in the horizontal axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system, the phase of the second radiation unit in the horizontal axis direction is 78 degrees, the phase of the third radiation unit in the horizontal axis direction is 156 degrees, and so on, so as to determine the phase distribution of each radiation unit in the horizontal axis direction. Similarly, the second phase difference is determined to be 20 degrees, the phase of the second radiation unit in the vertical axis direction is 20 degrees, the phase of the third radiation unit in the vertical axis direction is 40 degrees, and so on, so as to determine the phase distribution of each radiation unit in the vertical axis direction.

[0064] Step 140: determining the corresponding code sequence of each radiation unit by using the phase distribution of each radiation unit.

[0065] The radiation unit used in the embodiment of the present application is a standard circularly polarized unit. By rotating the radiation unit as a whole by 90 degrees, a phase difference close to 90 degrees can be achieved. From the rotation origin, the phase difference of an integer multiple of 90 degrees can be achieved by rotating the radiation unit of the rectangular structure by 90 degrees. Here, the codes “0” and “1” are used to represent different phase differences, for example, a 0-degree phase difference corresponds to the state code “00”, a 90-degree phase difference corresponds to the state code “01”, a 180-degree phase difference corresponds to the state code “10”, and a 270-degree phase difference corresponds to the state code “11”. The step 140 is explained in detail in combination with the formula.

[0066] Here, the step 140 specifically comprises: obtaining the code sequence bit number, a first preset interval, a second preset interval and a wavelength, wherein the first preset interval refers to a preset interval between adjacent radiation units in a horizontal axis direction of a planar two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second preset interval refers to a preset interval between adjacent radiation units in a vertical axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system; determining a length of each radiation unit from an origin of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system by using a scanning angle, the code sequence bit number and the wavelength; wherein the length of each radiation unit from the origin of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first length and a second length; the first length represents a length of each radiation unit from the origin of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system in the horizontal axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second length represents a length of each radiation unit from the origin of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system in the vertical axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system; performing division processing and absolute value processing on the first length and the first preset interval in sequence to obtain a size of a first phase cluster, the first phase cluster comprising radiation units having a same phase state in the horizontal axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system; performing division processing and absolute value processing on the second length and the second preset interval in sequence to obtain a second phase cluster, the second phase cluster comprising radiation units having a same phase state in the vertical axis direction of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system; and generating a code sequence corresponding to each radiation unit by using the first phase cluster and the second phase cluster.

[0067] Here, the code sequence bit number is defined as 2 n , and n is a positive integer; for example, if one full rotation generates four (integer multiples of 90 degrees) phase differences, then the value of n is 2; a relationship between the first phase difference and the code number of the code array is defined as and a relationship between the second phase difference and the code number of the code array is defined as Further, the length of each radiation unit from the origin of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system is determined by deforming the relationship between the first phase difference and the code number of the code array and the relationship between the second phase difference and the code number of the code array. The length of each radiation unit from the origin of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system comprises a first length and a second length. Further, the first length and the second length satisfy the following formulas respectively:

[0068]

[0069] wherein L cx represents the first length, L cy represents the second length, represents an azimuth angle, θ represents a pitch angle, and λ0 represents the wavelength.

[0070] Here, since the first phase difference or the second phase difference is not necessarily an integer multiple of 90 degrees, the first phase difference and the second phase difference are rounded by rounding up or rounding down to be an integer multiple of 90 degrees, so as to ensure the value of n.

[0071] Here, it is assumed that the azimuth angle is 60 degrees, the pitch angle is 30 degrees, and the phase difference of the radiation unit at the coordinate origin is 0 in step 130, then the value of n is 0, the corresponding first length of the radiation unit at the coordinate origin is , and the second length is

[0072] In a possible implementation, the first preset interval Δx and the second preset interval Δy are preset intervals. The size of the first phase cluster and the size of the second phase cluster satisfy the following formulas respectively:

[0073]

[0074] wherein C x refers to the first phase cluster, C y refers to the second phase cluster, L cx refers to the first length, L cy refers to the second length, Δx refers to the first preset interval, and Δy refers to the second preset interval.

[0075] Here, after the first phase cluster and the second phase cluster are determined, a state matrix is generated by using the first phase cluster and the second phase cluster. The state matrix includes the internal state information of each radiation unit, i.e., the corresponding encoding sequence of each radiation unit. In a possible implementation, the corresponding encoding sequence of each radiation unit satisfies the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] wherein B(p, q) refers to the corresponding encoding sequence of each radiation unit, p refers to the index of each radiation unit along the x direction, p is a positive integer, q refers to the index of each radiation unit along the y direction, q is a positive integer, C x refers to the first phase cluster, C y refers to the second phase cluster, 2 n refers to the number of bits of the encoding sequence, and mod refers to the remainder.

[0078] After the corresponding encoding sequence of each radiation unit is obtained, the beam can be controlled by using the encoding sequence.

[0079] Step 150: determining the corresponding beam control angle of each radiation unit by using the corresponding encoding sequence of each radiation unit; the beam control angle represents the angle that the radiation unit needs to rotate.​

[0080] Here, the beam control angle can also be understood as establishing a relationship between each code in the code sequence and the required rotation angle of each radiating element. After determining the beam control angle, the pointing of the beam main lobe is adjusted to achieve beam deflection. In the embodiment of the present application, the beam control angle is used not only to achieve beam deflection, but also to achieve beamforming, for example, multi-beam forming.

[0081] In actual operation, the control unit of the antenna array receives the code array, and based on the code array corresponding to different scanning angles, controls different radiating elements to rotate different angles to adjust the beam. Alternatively, manual twisting of the radiating element can also be used to adjust the beam. Since the radiating element is a rectangular structure and the phase difference is an integer multiple of about 90 degrees, no large error will be introduced in the operation process. Due to the large number of radiating elements, in order to avoid the situation that the staff cannot twist to the correct rotation angle or miss the twist, the relationship between the code sequence and the required rotation angle of each radiating element is established, and a monitoring unit is introduced to monitor the twisted angle. For example, the monitoring unit includes a lamp tube that can display multiple colors. When not twisted, the lamp tube color is blue, when twisted to the correct angle, the lamp tube color is yellow, and when not twisted to the correct angle and exceeds the preset waiting time, the lamp tube color is red to remind the staff to handle.

[0082] Here, step 150 specifically includes: multiplying the code sequence corresponding to each radiating element and the bit number of the code sequence to calculate the beam control angle of each radiating element. Specifically, the beam control angle satisfies the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Where Φ(p, q) is the beam control angle, B(p, q) is the code sequence corresponding to each radiating element, 2 n is the bit number of the code sequence.

[0085] Now some examples will be further described to illustrate the method for adjusting the beam based on the code array provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the radiating element provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7 , the axial ratio of the radiating element is 1.397 dB in the axial direction of the radiating element, i.e. perpendicular to the direction of the radiating element (usually the axial ratio of an antenna element less than 3 dB is a standard circularly polarized element). Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of the radiating element corresponding to different codes when the pitch angle is 0 degrees provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0086] Figure 8The table lists the phase distribution of radiating elements when coded as 00 (phase difference of 0 degrees), coded as 01 (phase difference of 90 degrees), coded as 10 (phase difference of 180 degrees), and coded as 11 (phase difference of 270 degrees). For example... Figure 8 As shown, when the elevation angle θ is 0 degrees, the phase difference of the radiation units corresponding to different codes is basically around 90 degrees, indicating that the design conditions of the coding unit are met in the main radiation direction.

[0087] Figure 9 This is an example diagram of the coding sequence corresponding to a scan angle of (10°, 0°) provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Taking the implementation of beam deflection of an 8×8 antenna array at a scan angle of (10°, 0°) as an example, a series of coding sequences along the horizontal axis and the coding sequence along the vertical axis are calculated based on the scan angle. The final result is as follows. Figure 9 As shown. In Figure 9 In the code, red represents code 00, green represents code 01, blue represents code 10, and purple represents code 11. Figure 10 This is based on the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 9 The encoded sequence is used to generate the final beam pointing pattern. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the main lobe of the beam points to the vicinity of (10°, 0°).

[0088] Taking the beam deflection of an 8×8 antenna array at a scanning angle of (20°, 45°) as another example, Figure 11 This is an example diagram of the encoding sequence corresponding to a scan angle of (20°, 45°) provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 Similarly, red is used to represent code 00, green is used to represent code 01, blue is used to represent code 10, and purple is used to represent code 11. Figure 12 This is based on the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 11 The encoded sequence is used to generate the final beam pointing pattern. For example... Figure 12 As shown, the main lobe of the beam points to a position near (20°, 45°).

[0089] For the conventional high-power antenna, there are problems of high cost and inflexible control, the application provides a high-power radial line antenna and a method for controlling beam based on coding array, the high-power radial line antenna is used by using standard circularly polarized radiation units, and control units are arranged under the radiation units to control the rotation of the whole radiation units, wherein each radiation unit comprises a plurality of spiral antennas; compared with the existing method of controlling the rotation of each antenna unit to control the beam, the application designs a radiation unit comprising a plurality of spiral antennas, in the operation process, the radiation unit is rotated based on the coding sequence, so as to drive the rotation of the plurality of spiral antennas on the radiation unit to control the beam. That is, the high-power antenna array provided by the application can greatly reduce the cost investment. Moreover, the spiral antenna of the application can change the phase by rotating the spiral antenna to control the beam, wherein the radiation unit can realize the phase difference of 90 degrees per 90 degrees of rotation, the rotation angle required by each radiation unit is determined by introducing the coding sequence, and then the beam is controlled, this method is more easy to optimize the antenna array, and has the advantages of effectively and flexibly controlling the beam and little influence on the power capacity of the whole antenna system.

[0090] The above is a further detailed description of the application in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the application cannot be limited to these descriptions. For ordinary skilled persons in the technical field to which the application belongs, some simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the application, and all of them should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A high-power radial line antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes: multiple adjustable radiating elements with rectangular structures, each radiating element comprising, from bottom to top: a coaxial line, a radial waveguide, and a helical antenna; the coaxial line is connected to the outer center of the base plate of the radial waveguide, and the radial waveguide is connected to the helical antenna thereon; the radial waveguide has a cubic structure, and four cylindrical helical antennas are evenly arranged on the radial waveguide; a coaxial-radial conversion structure is provided in the coaxial line and the radial waveguide, and multiple coupling probes are also provided in the radial waveguide; wherein... The coaxial radial line conversion structure is connected to the coaxial line at the bottom and located in the radial waveguide at the top, and is connected to the inner side of the top plate of the radial waveguide; the plurality of coupling probes are symmetrically arranged along the center line, each coupling probe is located in the radial waveguide, and a portion of the body of each coupling probe penetrates through the top plate of the radial waveguide and is exposed outside the radial waveguide; the helical antenna is located on the body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial waveguide and is connected to the outer side of the top plate of the radial waveguide, wherein one coupling probe corresponds to one helical antenna; Each coupling probe includes: a probe, a cylindrical base, and a metal post; wherein... The probe and the cylindrical base are coaxially arranged, and the metal column is disposed on one side of the cylindrical base. The cylindrical base is disposed on the bottom plate of the radial waveguide. One end of the probe is inserted into the cylindrical base and connected to the bottom plate of the radial waveguide. The other end of the probe passes through the top plate of the radial waveguide and is exposed outside the radial waveguide. One end of the metal column is connected to the bottom plate of the radial waveguide, and the other end of the metal column is connected to the top plate of the radial waveguide. The helical antenna includes: a loop cavity, a coaxial cavity, a reflective cavity, and a helix, wherein, The coaxial cavity, the annular cavity, and the reflecting cavity are coaxially arranged. The body of each coupling probe exposed outside the radial waveguide is located on the axis of the coaxial cavity, the annular cavity, and the reflecting cavity. The helical line is spirally arranged on the body of the corresponding coupling probe exposed outside the radial waveguide.

2. The high-power radial line antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial radial line conversion structure has a conical body in the radial line waveguide, and the bottom surface of the cone is connected to the inner side of the top plate of the radial line waveguide.

3. A method for beam control based on a coded array, characterized in that, The method is used to modulate the beam of electromagnetic waves emitted by the high-power radial line antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 2; the method includes: Determine the scanning angle in the preset direction; Using the scanning angle, a first phase difference and a second phase difference are determined respectively. The first phase difference refers to the phase difference between adjacent radiating elements in the horizontal axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second phase difference refers to the phase difference between adjacent radiating elements in the vertical axis direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system. The phase distribution of each radiating element is determined using the first phase difference and the second phase difference; The coding sequence corresponding to each radiating element is determined by the phase distribution of each radiating element; Using the coding sequence corresponding to each radiating element, the beam control angle corresponding to each radiating element is determined; the beam control angle represents the angle at which the radiating element needs to be rotated.

4. The method for beam control based on a coded array according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the coding sequence corresponding to each radiating element based on the phase distribution of each radiating element includes: The number of bits in the encoded sequence, the first preset spacing, the second preset spacing, and the wavelength are obtained. The first preset spacing refers to the preset spacing between adjacent radiating units in the horizontal direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the second preset spacing refers to the preset spacing between adjacent radiating units in the vertical direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system. Using the scanning angle, the number of bits in the encoded sequence, and the wavelength, the length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system is determined; wherein, the length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system includes: a first length and a second length; the first length represents the length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system along the horizontal axis, and the second length represents the length of each radiating element from the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate system along the vertical axis. The first length and the first preset spacing are sequentially divided and their absolute values ​​are calculated to obtain the size of the first phase cluster. The first phase cluster includes radiating units located in the horizontal direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system and having the same phase state. The second length and the second preset spacing are sequentially divided and their absolute values ​​are calculated to obtain a second phase cluster. The second phase cluster includes radiating elements located in the longitudinal direction of the two-dimensional coordinate system and having the same phase state. Using the first phase cluster and the second phase cluster, a coding sequence corresponding to each radiative unit is generated.

5. The method for beam control based on a coded array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the beam control angle corresponding to each radiating element using the coding sequence corresponding to each radiating element includes: The beam control angle of each radiating element is calculated by multiplying the coding sequence corresponding to each radiating element with the number of bits in the coding sequence.

6. The method for beam control based on a coded array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The scanning angle includes: azimuth angle and elevation angle; the first length and the second length respectively satisfy the following formula: ； in, This refers to the first length. This refers to the second length. This refers to the azimuth angle. This refers to the pitch angle. It refers to wavelength. This refers to the number of bits in the encoded sequence. It is a positive integer.

7. The method for beam control based on a coded array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sizes of the first phase cluster and the second phase cluster satisfy the following equations: ； in, This refers to the first phase cluster. This refers to the second phase cluster. This refers to the first length. This refers to the second length. This refers to the first preset spacing. This refers to the second preset spacing.

8. The method for beam control based on a coded array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coding sequence corresponding to each radiative unit satisfies the following formula: ； in, This refers to the coding sequence corresponding to each radiating unit. This refers to each radiating element along... Directional index It is a positive integer. This refers to each radiating element along... Directional index It is a positive integer. This refers to the first phase cluster. This refers to the second phase cluster. This refers to the number of bits in the encoded sequence. It refers to taking the remainder.

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