A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, in particular to a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device, which comprises a crushing assembly, the crushing assembly comprises a crushing bin, a crushing tooth plate and a driving device, the crushing bin is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the crushing tooth plate is circular and has a ring of crushing teeth at the edge, the number of the crushing tooth plates is greater than two, the multiple crushing tooth plates are arranged in a circle around a central axis and rotatable around their own shafts in the crushing bin, and the driving device is used for driving the multiple crushing tooth plates to rotate synchronously around their own shafts. The crushing assembly composed of the crushing bin, the multiple crushing tooth plates arranged in a circle around a central axis and the driving device is arranged, the function of efficiently crushing waste lithium batteries is realized, the crushing and recycling device pushes all materials towards a central point, compared with a traditional double-tooth roller crusher, the residence time of the materials on the crushing structure is reduced, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, in particular to a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the widespread use of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, the demand for lithium batteries is increasing. However, the disposal of a large number of waste lithium batteries has become a problem, as they contain heavy metals and harmful chemicals, which can cause serious environmental pollution if not properly disposed of. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop efficient lithium battery recycling technology.

[0003] Currently, the recycling of waste lithium batteries mainly includes mechanical physical method, chemical method and metallurgical method, etc. Among them, the mechanical physical method is widely concerned due to its simple operation and low cost. This method usually includes crushing, sorting, separation and other steps, aiming to separate valuable components (such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, etc.) in the battery from other waste, so as to facilitate subsequent purification and recycling.

[0004] The existing waste lithium battery crushing equipment mainly adopts hammering, shearing or extruding, among which the most common is double-toothed roll crusher, which is used to extrude and shear the materials by two opposite rotating toothed rolls to achieve the purpose of crushing. However, in the operation process of the traditional double-toothed roll crusher, the staggered area between the two toothed rolls presents a straight line, and when the materials are pushed to this staggered area for crushing, the materials may move along this straight line path instead of being effectively extruded and sheared. This straight line passing method may cause the materials to stay on the toothed roll for a long time, thereby affecting the crushing efficiency. Therefore, we provide a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device with high crushing efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device, comprising a crushing assembly, the crushing assembly comprising a crushing chamber, a crushing toothed plate and a driving device, wherein the crushing chamber has a feeding port and a discharging port; the crushing toothed plate is circular and has a ring of crushing teeth on the edge, the number of crushing toothed plates is greater than two, and a plurality of crushing toothed plates are arranged in a circular manner around a central axis and are rotatable around their own axes in the crushing chamber; the driving device is used to drive a plurality of crushing toothed plates to rotate synchronously around their own axes.

[0008] Optionally, the crushing assembly further comprises a filler, which is filled into the gap between adjacent crushing tooth plates and cooperates with the gap.

[0009] Optionally, the filler is assembled by a plurality of fan-shaped filler blocks, which are loaded into the crushing chamber through the upper end opening of the crushing chamber and are detachably fixed to the crushing chamber by a connecting structure, and one crushing tooth plate is arranged between adjacent filler blocks.

[0010] Optionally, the contact surface between adjacent filler blocks is provided with a mounting groove matched with the size of the crushing tooth plate, and the crushing tooth plate is rotatably and detachably arranged in the mounting groove through a rotating shaft.

[0011] Optionally, the inner bottom surface of the crushing chamber is a conical surface structure with a gradually decreasing diameter from top to bottom, the discharge port is arranged at the small end position of the inner bottom surface of the crushing chamber, the lower end of the filler abuts against the conical surface structure when the filler is loaded into the crushing chamber, and the connecting structure comprises a ring-shaped limiting member which is detachably fixed to the crushing chamber by a fixing screw and abuts against the upper end of the filler.

[0012] Optionally, the upward-facing surface of the filler block has a material guiding slope which gradually inclines downward from the side close to the inner wall of the crushing chamber to the side close to the central axis.

[0013] Optionally, the driving device comprises a driving shaft driven to rotate by a motor, the axis of the driving shaft coincides with the central axis and penetrates the crushing space enclosed by the plurality of crushing tooth plates, and the outer portion of the driving shaft is provided with helical blades which are in transmission cooperation with the crushing teeth of the plurality of crushing tooth plates.

[0014] Optionally, at least part of the helical blades is not engaged with the crushing tooth plates, and the part extends upwards of the crushing space.

[0015] Optionally, the waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device further comprises a screening assembly, the screening assembly comprises a screening chamber, a screen and a collecting hopper, the upper end of the screening chamber is in communication with the discharge port of the crushing chamber, the lower end of the screening chamber has a first discharge port, and the lower end of the driving shaft penetrates the screening chamber; the screen is arranged below the communication position of the screening chamber and the crushing chamber and is fixed to the driving shaft, and the edge of the screen has a gap with the inner wall of the crushing chamber; the collecting hopper has a conical structure with a gradually decreasing size from top to bottom, the upper end opening of the collecting hopper is matched with the size of the screen, the lower end of the collecting hopper is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, and a second discharge port is arranged on the driving shaft at the connection position to communicate the inside of the collecting hopper with the outside of the screening chamber.

[0016] Optionally, the driving shaft is rotationally connected with the screening bin and / or the crushing bin, and the driving shaft and the motor are drivingly connected through a belt wheel and a belt.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The crushing assembly composed of the crushing bin, the plurality of crushing tooth plates arranged circumferentially around a central axis, and the driving device is provided, so that the waste lithium battery is efficiently crushed. Compared with the traditional double-toothed roller crusher, the crushing and recycling device pushes all materials towards a central point, reduces the residence time of materials on the crushing structure, improves the crushing efficiency, and solves the problem of low processing efficiency of the traditional equipment.

[0019] 2. The filler is arranged in the gap between adjacent crushing tooth plates to prevent small lithium batteries from directly leaking out, thereby solving the problem that part of the small lithium batteries is not fully crushed and discharged due to the large gap between the crushing tooth plates. In this way, all sizes of lithium batteries can be effectively crushed, the processing effect and recycling efficiency of the crushing device are improved, and the crushing and recycling process of the waste lithium battery is optimized.

[0020] 3. The screening assembly including the screening bin, the screen mesh, and the material collecting hopper is provided, so that the crushed materials are effectively screened, the material transfer and processing steps are reduced, the efficiency of the entire recycling process is improved, and the overall effect of the waste lithium battery crushing and recycling is optimized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure inside the crushing bin and the screening bin of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the top view structure of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the A-A section structure of the present application; Figure 3

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the crushing tooth plate and the filler block of the present application.

[0026] ​In the figure: 1, crushing chamber; 2, feed inlet; 3, discharge outlet; 4, crushing tooth plate; 5, crushing tooth; 6, filling block; 7, groove; 8, rotating shaft; 9, limiting piece; 10, fixing screw; 11, material guide slope; 12, motor; 13, drive shaft; 14, spiral blade; 15, crushing space; 16, screening chamber; 17, first discharge outlet; 18, screen; 19, material collecting hopper; 20, second discharge channel; 20-a, discharge cavity; 20-b, communication gap; 21, pulley; 22, belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] Embodiment: Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 According to the embodiments of the present application, a technical solution is provided: a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device, comprising a crushing assembly, the crushing assembly comprising a crushing chamber 1, a crushing tooth plate 4 and a driving device, wherein the crushing chamber 1 has a feed inlet 2 and a discharge outlet 3, the opening at the upper end of the crushing chamber 1 serving as the feed inlet 2, and the opening at the lower end of the crushing chamber 1 serving as the discharge outlet 3; the crushing tooth plate 4 is circular and has a ring of crushing teeth 5 at the edge, the number of the crushing tooth plates 4 is greater than two, and the plurality of crushing tooth plates 4 are arranged in a circle around a central axis and rotatable around their respective axes in the crushing chamber 1; the driving device is used to drive the plurality of crushing tooth plates 4 to rotate synchronously around their respective axes. In the implementation of the above-mentioned scheme, all materials (such as waste lithium batteries) put into the crushing chamber 1 through the feed inlet 2 will move towards the central axis (i.e. the center of the circular arrangement of the plurality of crushing tooth plates 4) under the pushing of the crushing tooth plate 4, and will be extruded and sheared into pieces under the extrusion of the crushing tooth 5. Compared with the traditional double-toothed roll crusher which pushes the materials towards a straight line, this crushing and recycling device which pushes all materials towards a central point can reduce the time of the materials staying on the crushing structure (i.e. the crushing tooth plate 4 in the present application and the toothed roll in the traditional double-toothed roll crusher), and improve the crushing efficiency of the materials.

[0029] Due to the arrangement of the plurality of broken tooth plates 4, the gap on the side away from the center axis of the adjacent broken tooth plates 4 is large, so when crushing waste lithium batteries, part of the small size (here refers to the volume) lithium batteries may directly leak out from the gap between the adjacent broken tooth plates 4, causing part of the lithium batteries to be discharged without being crushed. Based on this problem, in the example embodiment, the crushing assembly further comprises a filler, which is filled in the gap between the adjacent broken tooth plates 4 and cooperates with the gap of the broken tooth plate 4. By filling the filler in the gap between the adjacent broken tooth plates 4 without affecting the rotation of the broken tooth plate 4 around its own axis, it can prevent part of the small size lithium batteries from directly leaking out from the gap between the adjacent broken tooth plates 4, thereby ensuring that the small size lithium batteries can also be fully crushed.

[0030] In order to facilitate the replacement and assembly of the filler, in the example embodiment, the filler is assembled by a plurality of fan-shaped filler blocks 6, the filler blocks 6 are loaded into the crushing chamber 1 through the upper end opening of the crushing chamber 1 and are detachably connected with the crushing chamber 1 through the connecting structure, and one broken tooth plate 4 is arranged between adjacent filler blocks 6. First, the split structure composed of a plurality of filler blocks 6 makes the filler more flexible, and facilitates adjustment or replacement according to actual needs. Each filler block 6 has a fan-shaped cross section, which can well fit the gap between the broken tooth plates 4. Second, the filler blocks 6 are loaded through the upper end opening of the crushing chamber 1, which makes the installation and disassembly of the filler blocks 6 very simple and convenient, and the workers do not need to disassemble the entire crushing chamber 1 or perform complex operations to easily replace or install the filler blocks 6.

[0031] In the example embodiment, the contact surface of the adjacent filler blocks 6 is provided with a mounting groove matching the size of the broken tooth plate 4, and the broken tooth plate 4 is rotatably and detachably arranged in the mounting groove. Specifically, the mounting groove can be arranged on only one broken tooth plate 4, or a recess 7 can be designed on one side of each of the adjacent two broken tooth plates 4, and the two recesses 7 are combined into a complete mounting groove. When the two filler blocks 6 are tightly fitted, the mounting groove formed by the fitting surface of the two filler blocks 6 can accommodate one broken tooth plate 4, which not only reserves the necessary space for the installation of the broken tooth plate 4, but also minimizes the gap between the adjacent filler blocks 6. Of course, in order to improve the crushing effect, the broken tooth 5 of the broken tooth plate 4 at least partially protrudes outside the mounting groove, so that the broken tooth 5 can effectively contact and push the lithium battery placed on the surface of the filler block 6, thereby ensuring excellent crushing effect.

[0032] In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the inner bottom surface of the crushing chamber 1 is designed as a conical surface structure with a diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom, which helps the material to move smoothly to the discharge port 3 located at the small end of the inner bottom surface of the crushing chamber 1. When the filler is assembled, the lower end of the filler block 6 is tightly attached to the inner bottom surface of the conical structure, ensuring the correct position and stability of the filler block 6. The connecting structure includes a ring-shaped limiting member 9 which is detachably installed to the crushing chamber 1 by a fixing screw 10 and abuts against the upper end of the filler, thereby limiting the upward movement of the filler block 6. This design allows multiple filler blocks 6 to be fixed in the crushing chamber 1 simultaneously without the need for individual fixing, simplifying the assembly process and facilitating easy disassembly when needed. Although a specific connecting structure form is described here, the present embodiment is not limited thereto, and any structure that can achieve detachable fixed connection between the filler block 6 and the crushing chamber 1 is within the scope of protection.

[0033] In this exemplary embodiment, the upward-facing surface of the filler block 6 has a material guiding slope 11 which gradually slopes downward from the side close to the inner wall of the crushing chamber 1 to the side close to the central axis. The material guiding slope 11 not only helps to effectively guide the material to the center of the crushing chamber 1, promoting contact and crushing with the crushing tooth plate 4, but also enhances the flowability of the material through its inclined design, reducing the residence time in the crushing chamber 1, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire crushing process.

[0034] In this exemplary embodiment, the driving device includes a driving shaft 13 driven to rotate by a motor 12, the axis of the driving shaft 13 coincides with the central axis and passes through the crushing space 15 enclosed by the plurality of crushing tooth plates 4, and the driving shaft 13 is externally provided with helical blades 14 in transmission cooperation with the crushing teeth 5 of the plurality of crushing tooth plates 4. When the motor 12 is started, the driving shaft 13 rotates and synchronously drives the plurality of crushing tooth plates 4 to rotate around their respective axes through the helical blades 14, thereby achieving efficient crushing of the material. This design not only provides power to the crushing tooth plates 4 through the driving shaft 13, but also further enhances the crushing effect of the material through the interaction between the helical blades 14 and the crushing tooth plates 4.

[0035] It should be noted that in order to ensure the transmission of the helical blades 14 and the crushing tooth plates 4, the crushing teeth 5 on the crushing tooth plates 4 should be in the form of a circular arc, and the transmission cooperation between the crushing teeth 5 and the helical blades 14 can refer to the well-known worm gear transmission mechanism for those skilled in the art. The crushing teeth 5 in the drawings are only schematic, and the specific form of the crushing teeth 5 is mainly described in words.

[0036] In the present exemplary embodiment, the spiral blade 14 is at least partially disengaged from the crushing tooth plate 4, and the portion extends towards the upper part of the crushing space 15. When the spiral blade 14 rotates, the portion of the spiral blade 14 extending towards the upper part of the crushing space 15 can push the material towards the crushing space 15, accelerating the speed of the material entering the crushing process, thereby improving the overall crushing efficiency and effect.

[0037] In the present exemplary embodiment, the waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device further comprises a screening assembly, which comprises a screening bin 16, a screen 18, and a collection hopper 19. The upper end of the screening bin 16 is in communication with the discharge port 3 of the crushing bin 1, and the lower end has a first discharge port 17. The lower end of the drive shaft 13 penetrates the screening bin 16. The screen 18 is arranged below the communication position of the screening bin 16 and the crushing bin 1 and is fixed with the drive shaft 13. There is a gap between the edge of the screen 18 and the inner wall of the crushing bin 1. The collection hopper 19 has a tapered structure with an opening at the upper end. The size of the opening at the upper end of the collection hopper 19 matches that of the screen 18. The lower end of the collection hopper 19 is fixedly connected with the drive shaft 13. A second discharge port is arranged on the drive shaft 13 at the connection position, which communicates the inside of the collection hopper 19 with the outside of the screening bin 16. Specifically, the second discharge port can include a discharge cavity 20-a arranged at the bottom end of the drive shaft 13 and a communication gap 20-b communicating the discharge cavity 20-a with the collection hopper 19. In the operation process, the rotation of the drive shaft 13 drives the screen 18 and the collection hopper 19 to rotate synchronously. The crushed material falls on the screen 18 through the discharge port 3 and moves to the periphery under the action of centrifugal force. The small particle material enters the collection hopper 19 through the screen 18 and is discharged through the second discharge port. The large particle material is thrown to the periphery of the screening bin 16 and is discharged through the first discharge port 17, achieving effective screening.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, in the present embodiment, the drive shaft 13 is rotationally connected with the screening bin 16 and / or the crushing bin 1. For example, the drive shaft 13 is rotationally connected with the screening bin 16 through a bearing, and the drive shaft 13 is drivingly connected with the motor 12 through a belt pulley 21 and a belt 22. The rotational power of the motor 12 is transmitted to the drive shaft 13 through the cooperation of the belt pulley 21 and the belt 22, thereby driving the spiral blade 14 and the crushing tooth plate 4 to perform efficient crushing work. Of course, as long as the rotation of the drive shaft 13 can be realized, there is no special limitation on the specific transmission form of the motor 12 and the drive shaft 13.

[0039] Working principle: first, the motor 12 is connected to the power supply and start, the motor 12 through the mechanical transmission of pulley 21 and belt 22 drive shaft 13 start rotating, screw blade 14 on the drive shaft 13 and a plurality of broken tooth plate 4 connected, realize broken tooth plate 4 synchronous rotation around the axis, at the same time, screen 18 and hopper 19 also with drive shaft 13 synchronous rotation, form a coordinated work of dynamic system, in the process, the waste lithium batteries to be processed from the inlet 2 into the crushing chamber 1, fall on the rotating broken tooth plate 4. With the rotation of broken tooth plate 4 and extrusion between each other, waste lithium batteries are pushed to the center of the crushing chamber 1, and are subjected to the combined action of broken tooth 5 and screw blade 14, and then effectively extruded and sheared into smaller pieces, the crushed material is then dropped on the screen 18 which is also rotating, due to the action of centrifugal force, these materials along the surface of the screen 18 to the four corners of the movement, in the process, the size of the small particle material smaller than the aperture of screen 18 smoothly through the screen 18, fall into the hopper 19 below, and finally through the second discharge port discharge, while those size larger material is thrown to the screen chamber 16 periphery, and through the first discharge port 17 located at the bottom of the screen chamber 16 discharge. In this way, the different size of the material can be effectively separated, and the whole screening process is completed.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, the scope of the present application being defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device, characterized in that, The crusher assembly comprises: a crusher chamber (1) having an inlet (2) and an outlet (3); a plurality of crusher tooth plates (4) arranged in a circle around a central axis and rotatable around their respective axes, each of the crusher tooth plates (4) being circular and having a ring of crusher teeth (5) on its edge; a driving device for driving the plurality of crusher tooth plates (4) to rotate synchronously around their respective axes; and a filler arranged in the gap between adjacent crusher tooth plates (4) and in engagement with the crusher tooth plates (4). The driving device comprises a driving shaft (13) driven to rotate by a motor (12), the axis of the driving shaft (13) coincides with the central axis and penetrates a crushing space (15) enclosed by the plurality of crusher tooth plates (4), and the driving shaft (13) is externally provided with helical blades (14) in driving engagement with the crusher teeth (5) of the plurality of crusher tooth plates (4).

2. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filler is assembled by a plurality of filler blocks (6) with a fan-shaped cross section, the filler blocks (6) are loaded into the crusher chamber (1) through the upper opening of the crusher chamber (1) and are detachably fixed to the crusher chamber (1) by a connecting structure, and each of the filler blocks (6) is provided with one crusher tooth plate (4) between adjacent filler blocks (6).

3. The device for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: An installation groove matching the size of the crusher tooth plate (4) is arranged on the contact surface of adjacent filler blocks (6), and the crusher tooth plate (4) is rotatably and detachably arranged in the installation groove through a rotating shaft (8).

4. The device for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The inner bottom surface of the crusher chamber (1) is a conical surface structure with a gradually decreasing diameter from top to bottom, the outlet (3) is arranged at the small end position of the inner bottom surface of the crusher chamber (1), the lower end of the filler abuts against the conical surface structure when the filler is loaded into the crusher chamber (1), and the connecting structure comprises a limiting member (9) in the form of a ring, which is detachably fixed to the crusher chamber (1) by a fixing screw (10) and abuts against the upper end of the filler.

5. The device for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upward-facing surface of the filler block (6) has a material guiding inclined surface (11) which gradually inclines downward from the side close to the inner wall of the crusher chamber (1) to the side close to the central axis.

6. The device for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least part of the helical blades (14) is not engaged with the crusher tooth plates (4), and this part extends upwards of the crushing space (15).

7. The device for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The screening assembly comprises: a screening chamber (16) having a first discharge opening (17) at its lower end and being in communication with the outlet (3) of the crusher chamber (1) at its upper end, and the lower end of the driving shaft (13) penetrates the screening chamber (16); a screen (18) arranged below the communication position of the screening chamber (16) and the crusher chamber (1) and fixed to the driving shaft (13), and the edge of the screen (18) has a gap with the inner wall of the crusher chamber (1); and a second discharge opening (19) arranged at the lower end of the screen (18). And a collecting hopper (19) in the shape of a cone with a large upper end and a small lower end, the upper end of the collecting hopper (19) being open and matching the size of the screen (18), the lower end of the collecting hopper (19) being fixedly connected to the drive shaft (13), and a second discharge opening being provided on the drive shaft (13) at the position where the drive shaft (13) is connected to the collecting hopper (19) to communicate the interior of the collecting hopper (19) with the exterior of the screening bin (16).

8. The device for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive shaft (13) is rotatably connected to the screening bin (16) and / or the crushing bin (1), and the drive shaft (13) is drivingly connected to the motor (12) through a belt pulley (21) and a belt (22).

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