Photovoltaic modules and their manufacturing methods

Abstract

This invention relates to a photovoltaic module and its manufacturing method. The photovoltaic module includes an encapsulation panel, a first encapsulating film, a solar cell, a second encapsulating film, and an encapsulation backsheet, stacked sequentially. A peroxide radical barrier layer is provided between the first encapsulating film and the light-facing side of the solar cell, and / or between the back-facing side of the solar cell and the second encapsulating film. The peroxide radical barrier layer reduces the penetration of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent contained in the encapsulating film into the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the solar cell. Therefore, the use of crosslinked encapsulating films for the first and second encapsulating films in the photovoltaic module reduces the adverse effects of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent on the solar cell. Using crosslinked encapsulating films prevents creep and internal air bubbles in the photovoltaic module due to the loss of encapsulation structure support caused by film melting under outdoor hot spot conditions, thereby improving the lifespan of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells utilize organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides with a perovskite crystal structure as the light-absorbing layer. Compared to crystalline silicon cells, perovskite solar cells have a higher theoretical maximum conversion efficiency, reaching 31% for single-junction perovskite cells and 45% for multi-junction cells. Iodide ions in perovskite materials are reducing and easily oxidized. For cross-linked encapsulants, peroxide cross-linking agents cannot be used, as high-temperature decomposition of peroxides generates free radicals. These free radicals combine with iodide ions in the perovskite material, affecting the solar cell's power output. Currently, the mainstream method uses non-cross-linked POE encapsulant films (also known as TPO encapsulants). While this avoids the aforementioned problems, the melting temperature of TPO encapsulants is between 90 and 100°C. Under outdoor hot spot conditions, the module temperature can remain above 100°C for extended periods. The melting of the encapsulant film can cause the module to lose its encapsulation structure support, leading to creep and internal bubbles, thus affecting the module's lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a photovoltaic module and its preparation method to solve the problem that the free radicals generated by the decomposition of peroxide crosslinking agents will affect the power generation of solar cells.

[0004] The first aspect of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic module, the solution of which is as follows:

[0005] A photovoltaic module includes an encapsulation panel, a first encapsulating film, a solar cell, a second encapsulating film, and an encapsulation backsheet stacked sequentially; the solar cell includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the first encapsulating film and the second encapsulating film contain a peroxide crosslinking agent; a peroxide free radical barrier layer is provided between the first encapsulating film and the light-facing side of the solar cell and / or between the back-facing side of the solar cell and the second encapsulating film.

[0006] In one embodiment, the peroxide radical barrier layer contains a radical scavenger.

[0007] In one embodiment, the free radical scavenger is selected from one or more of hindered phenolic antioxidants, phosphite antioxidants, thiodipropionate antioxidants, thiol antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, quinone polymerization inhibitors, polyphenol polymerization inhibitors, and aromatic amine polymerization inhibitors.

[0008] In one embodiment, the peroxide radical barrier layer further comprises a matrix material and a binder, wherein the radical scavenger is mixed with the matrix material and the binder.

[0009] In one embodiment, the peroxide radical barrier layer includes a substrate layer and an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being disposed between a corresponding adhesive film and the substrate layer, the substrate layer containing a matrix material, the adhesive layer containing an adhesive, and at least one of the substrate layer and the adhesive layer containing the radical scavenger.

[0010] In one embodiment, the thickness of the substrate layer is 30 μm to 200 μm.

[0011] In one embodiment, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 30 μm to 200 μm.

[0012] In one embodiment, the matrix material is selected from one or more of polyolefins, polyesters, olefin copolymers, fluoropolymers, and polyamides.

[0013] In one embodiment, the adhesive is selected from one or more of acrylic adhesives and epoxy adhesives.

[0014] In one embodiment, the peroxide radical barrier layer further includes a first coating and / or a second coating, wherein the first coating is disposed between the adhesive layer and the substrate layer, and the second coating is disposed between the substrate layer and a corresponding adhesive film. The material of the first coating is one or more of fluorocarbon coatings, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, and polyester coatings, and the material of the second coating is one or more of fluorocarbon coatings, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, and polyester coatings.

[0015] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first coating is 1 μm to 20 μm, and the thickness of the second coating is 1 μm to 20 μm.

[0016] In one embodiment, the solar cell is a perovskite single cell or a perovskite-silicon tandem cell.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, the scheme of which is as follows:

[0018] A method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module includes the following steps:

[0019] A peroxide radical barrier layer is provided on the light-facing side and / or the back-facing side of the solar cell to obtain a composite layer, wherein the solar cell includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0020] A first adhesive film and an encapsulation panel are disposed on the light-facing side of the composite layer, wherein the first adhesive film is located between the light-facing side of the composite layer and the encapsulation panel.

[0021] A second adhesive film and an encapsulation backplate are disposed on the backlight side of the composite layer, with the second adhesive film located between the backlight side of the composite layer and the encapsulation backplate; the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film contain a peroxide crosslinking agent.

[0022] Lamination process.

[0023] Compared with traditional methods, the above-mentioned photovoltaic modules and their manufacturing methods have the following advantages:

[0024] The aforementioned photovoltaic module and its preparation method incorporate a peroxide radical barrier layer between the first encapsulant film and the light-facing side of the solar cell, and / or between the backlight side of the solar cell and the second encapsulant film. This peroxide radical barrier layer reduces the penetration of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent contained in the encapsulant film into the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the solar cell. Therefore, the aforementioned photovoltaic module employs crosslinked encapsulant films for both the first and second encapsulants, which reduces the adverse effects of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent on the solar cell. Under outdoor hot spot conditions, the photovoltaic module will not experience creep or internal bubbles due to the loss of encapsulation structure support caused by the melting of the encapsulant film, thereby improving the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the peroxide radical barrier layer in the photovoltaic module of Example 1;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the peroxide radical barrier layer in the photovoltaic module of Example 2;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the peroxide radical barrier layer in the photovoltaic module of Example 3;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the peroxide radical barrier layer in the photovoltaic module of Example 4;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the peroxide radical barrier layer in the photovoltaic module of Example 5;

[0031] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first peroxide radical barrier layer, solar cell, and solder ribbon in the photovoltaic module of Example 6;

[0033] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first peroxide radical barrier layer, the second peroxide radical barrier layer, the solar cell, and the solder ribbon in the photovoltaic module of Example 7.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first peroxide radical barrier layer, solar cell, and solder ribbon in the photovoltaic module of Example 8;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first peroxide radical barrier layer, the second peroxide radical barrier layer, the solar cell, and the solder ribbon in the photovoltaic module of Example 9.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 100. Photovoltaic module; 110. Encapsulation panel; 120. First encapsulating film; 130. Solar cell; 131. Crystalline silicon cell module; 132. Perovskite cell component; 140. Second encapsulating film; 150. Encapsulation backsheet; 160. Peroxide radical barrier layer; 161. First peroxide radical barrier layer; 162. Second peroxide radical barrier layer; 1631. Substrate layer; 1632. Adhesive layer; 1633. First coating; 1634. Second coating; 170. Solder ribbon; 180. Edge sealing adhesive; 190. Junction box. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module 100 in one embodiment includes an encapsulation panel 110, a first encapsulating film 120, a solar cell 130, a second encapsulating film 140, and an encapsulation backplate 150 arranged in sequence.

[0045] The solar cell 130 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The first encapsulant film 120 and the second encapsulant film 140 are cross-linked encapsulants, and both contain peroxide cross-linking agents.

[0046] A peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is disposed between the first encapsulant film 120 and the light-facing side of the solar cell 130 and / or between the back-facing side of the solar cell 130 and the second encapsulant film 140. More specifically, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a first peroxide radical barrier layer 161 and / or a second peroxide radical barrier layer 162, wherein the first peroxide radical barrier layer 161 is disposed between the first encapsulant film 120 and the light-facing side of the solar cell 130, and the second peroxide radical barrier layer 162 is disposed between the back-facing side of the solar cell 130 and the second encapsulant film 140.

[0047] The photovoltaic module 100 described above has a peroxide radical barrier layer 160 provided between the first encapsulant film 120 and the light-facing side of the solar cell 130 and / or between the back-facing side of the solar cell 130 and the second encapsulant film 140. The peroxide radical barrier layer 160 can reduce the penetration of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent contained in the encapsulant film into the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the solar cell 130. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 100 adopts crosslinked encapsulant films for the first encapsulant film 120 and the second encapsulant film 140, which can reduce the adverse effects of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent on the solar cell 130. Under outdoor hot spot conditions, the photovoltaic module 100 will not experience creep or internal bubbles due to loss of encapsulation structure support caused by the melting of the encapsulant film, thereby improving the lifespan of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0048] In some of these examples, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 contains a radical scavenger.

[0049] Optionally, the free radical scavenger may be one or more of the following: hindered phenolic antioxidants, phosphite antioxidants, thiodipropionate antioxidants, thiol antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, quinone polymerization inhibitors, polyphenol polymerization inhibitors, and aromatic amine polymerization inhibitors.

[0050] In some of these examples, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 contains a matrix material, a binder, and a radical scavenger.

[0051] Optionally, the matrix material can be one or more of, but not limited to, polyolefins, polyesters, olefin copolymers, fluoropolymers, and polyamides. The aforementioned matrix materials have good transparency and can form a barrier effect against peroxide free radicals. Optionally, the adhesive can be one or more of, but not limited to, acrylic adhesives and epoxy adhesives.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 comprises a mixture of matrix material, binder, and free radical scavenger. Further, in some examples, 0.1 to 2 parts of free radical scavenger are added per 100 parts of matrix material.

[0053] In some other examples, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 can also be configured as a multilayer stacked structure.

[0054] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 includes a substrate layer 1631 and an adhesive layer 1632, with the adhesive layer 1632 disposed between the respective adhesive film and the substrate layer 1631. The substrate layer 1631 contains a matrix material, and the adhesive layer 1632 contains an adhesive. At least one of the substrate layer 1631 and the adhesive layer 1632 contains a free radical scavenger. That is, either the substrate layer 1631 or the adhesive layer 1632 contains a free radical scavenger, or both the substrate layer 1631 and the adhesive layer 1632 contain a free radical scavenger.

[0055] Optionally, the matrix material can be one or more of, but not limited to, polyolefins, polyesters, olefin copolymers, fluoropolymers, and polyamides. The aforementioned matrix materials have good transparency and can form a barrier effect against peroxide free radicals. Optionally, the adhesive can be one or more of, but not limited to, acrylic adhesives and epoxy adhesives.

[0056] In some examples, the thickness of the substrate layer 1631 is 30μm to 200μm, specifically 30μm, 50μm, 70μm, 90μm, 110μm, 130μm, 150μm, 170μm, 190μm, 200μm, etc.

[0057] In some examples, the thickness of the adhesive layer 1632 is 30μm to 200μm, specifically 30μm, 50μm, 70μm, 90μm, 110μm, 130μm, 150μm, 170μm, 190μm, 200μm, etc.

[0058] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in some examples, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 further includes a first coating layer 1633. The first coating layer 1633 is disposed between the adhesive layer 1632 and the substrate layer 1631. The material of the first coating layer 1633 is one or more of fluorocarbon coatings, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, and polyester coatings. The main function of the first coating layer 1633 is to improve the adhesion reliability between the adhesive layer 1632 and the substrate layer 1631, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0059] In some examples, the thickness of the first coating 1633 is 1μm to 20μm, specifically, for example, 1μm, 3μm, 5μm, 7μm, 9μm, 11μm, 13μm, 15μm, 17μm, 19μm, 20μm, etc.

[0060] In some of these examples, the first coating 1633 may further contain a free radical scavenger, which can better reduce the penetration of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent contained in the film into the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the solar cell 130.

[0061] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some examples, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 further includes a second coating 1634. The second coating 1634 is disposed between the substrate layer 1631 and the corresponding encapsulant film. The material of the second coating 1634 is one or more of fluorocarbon coatings, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, and polyester coatings. The main function of the second coating 1634 is to improve the adhesion reliability between the substrate layer 1631 and the corresponding encapsulant film, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0062] In some examples, the thickness of the second coating 1634 is 1μm to 20μm, specifically, for example, 1μm, 3μm, 5μm, 7μm, 9μm, 11μm, 13μm, 15μm, 17μm, 19μm, 20μm, etc.

[0063] In some of these examples, the second coating 1634 may further contain a free radical scavenger, which can better reduce the penetration of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent contained in the film into the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the solar cell 130.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, in Example 1, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is a single layer containing a mixture of matrix materials, binders, and radical scavengers.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, in Example 2, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is composed of a substrate layer 1631 and an adhesive layer 1632.

[0066] like Figure 4 As shown, in Example 3, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is composed of a substrate layer 1631, an adhesive layer 1632, and a first coating layer 1633.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, in Example 4, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is composed of a substrate layer 1631, an adhesive layer 1632, and a second coating layer 1634.

[0068] like Figure 6 As shown, in Example 5, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is composed of a substrate layer 1631, an adhesive layer 1632, a first coating layer 1633, and a second coating layer 1634.

[0069] The solar cell 130 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer. For example, the solar cell 130 can be, but is not limited to, a perovskite single cell, a perovskite-silicon tandem cell, etc. In some examples, the solar cell 130 is a perovskite-silicon tandem cell, specifically, the solar cell 130 includes a crystalline silicon cell component and a perovskite cell component 132 stacked on the crystalline silicon cell assembly 131.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, it can be understood that the solar cell 130 also includes a solder ribbon 170, which connects the individual solar cells 130.

[0071] The first adhesive film 120 is a cross-linked adhesive film. The first adhesive film 120 contains a peroxide cross-linking agent.

[0072] In some of these examples, the first adhesive film 120 is an EVA film. EVA films have high light transmittance, good resistance to UV and humidity yellowing, good adhesion to glass, and low cost.

[0073] In some of these examples, the first film 120 is a POE film. POE films are characterized by low water vapor permeability, high volume resistivity, and good resistance to PID (potential-induced degradation).

[0074] In some examples, the first film 120 is an EPE film. The EPE film is a three-layer composite structure film, formed by co-extrusion of EVA / POE / EVA, combining the advantages of both POE and EVA. It possesses the high water resistance, high volume resistivity, and high PID resistance of POE, while also exhibiting the good resistance to UV-induced yellowing and adhesion of EVA. By adjusting the layer thickness ratio, the EPE film can maintain the reliability of POE and the processability of EVA.

[0075] Similarly, the second film 140 is a cross-linked film, such as an EVA film, POE film, or EPE film. The second film 140 contains a peroxide cross-linking agent.

[0076] The encapsulation panel 110 is preferably made of rigid material to provide the overall structural strength of the photovoltaic module 100, making the photovoltaic module 100 less susceptible to damage from external forces.

[0077] For example, the material of the encapsulation panel 110 can be one or more of glass, polymer, and ceramic, but is not limited to.

[0078] In some of these examples, the encapsulation panel 110 is a glass panel, preferably high-transparency photovoltaic glass.

[0079] The encapsulation backplane 150 is preferably made of rigid sheet metal to provide overall structural strength to the photovoltaic module 100, making the photovoltaic module 100 less susceptible to damage from external forces.

[0080] For example, the material of the encapsulation backplane 150 can be one or more of glass, polymer, and ceramic, but is not limited to.

[0081] In some of these examples, the encapsulation backplane 150 is a glass backplane, preferably made of high-transparency photovoltaic glass.

[0082] like Figure 7 As shown, in some examples, the photovoltaic module 100 also includes an edge sealing sealant 180 disposed between the encapsulation panel 110 and the encapsulation backplate 150 for edge sealing. The edge sealing sealant 180 can be, but is not limited to, butyl rubber.

[0083] Optionally, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 can be a full-surface covering on the light-facing and / or back-facing sides of multiple solar cells 130, or it can be independently covered on the light-facing and / or back-facing sides of each solar cell 130, that is, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 covering different solar cells 130 is independent of each other.

[0084] When the light-facing and / or back-facing sides of each solar cell 130 are independently covered with a peroxide radical barrier layer 160, the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 can at least cover the power generation area of ​​the solar cell 130. Further, the size of the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is larger than the size of the power generation area of ​​the solar cell 130 to prevent peroxide radicals from entering the perovskite light-absorbing layer from the side of the peroxide radical barrier layer 160. Further, in some examples, the size of the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is larger than the length and width of the power generation area of ​​the solar cell 130 by 0.1 mm to 2 mm, specifically, for example, 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.9 mm, 2 mm, etc.

[0085] like Figure 8 As shown, in Example 6, a peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is covered on the light-facing side of each solar cell 130, that is, the number of peroxide radical barrier layers 160 is the same as the number of solar cells 130.

[0086] like Figure 9 As shown, in Example 7, peroxide radical barrier layers 160 are respectively covered on the light-facing side and the back-light-facing side of each solar cell 130, that is, the number of peroxide radical barrier layers 160 is twice the number of solar cells 130.

[0087] like Figure 10 As shown, in Example 8, the number of peroxide radical barrier layers 160 is 1, covering the entire light-facing side of multiple solar cells 130.

[0088] like Figure 11 As shown, in Example 9, there are two peroxide radical barrier layers 160, which cover the light-facing and back-facing sides of multiple solar cells 130, respectively.

[0089] Regarding the peroxide barrier protection effect, Example 7 is superior to Example 6, Example 9 is superior to Example 8, Example 6 and Example 3 have comparable protection, and Example 7 and Example 4 have comparable protection. In terms of process complexity, the process complexity of Example 7, Example 6, Example 9, and Example 8 decreases in that order. Regarding production cost, the production cost of Example 9, Example 7, Example 8, and Example 6 decreases in that order.

[0090] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module 100 according to any of the above examples.

[0091] Figure 12 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that, although... Figure 12 The steps in the flowchart shown are displayed sequentially as indicated by the arrows; however, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order requirement for the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Furthermore, Figure 12 At least some of the steps in the process may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. Their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0092] A method 10 for manufacturing a photovoltaic module 100 according to an embodiment includes the following steps:

[0093] Step S1: A peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is provided on the light-facing side and / or back-light-facing side of the solar cell 130 to obtain a composite layer. The solar cell 130 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0094] Step S2: A first adhesive film 120 and an encapsulation panel 110 are disposed on the light-facing side of the composite layer, with the first adhesive film 120 located between the light-facing side of the composite layer and the encapsulation panel 110.

[0095] Step S3: A second adhesive film 140 and an encapsulation backplate 150 are disposed on the backlight side of the composite layer. The second adhesive film 140 is located between the backlight side of the composite layer and the encapsulation backplate 150. The first adhesive film 120 and the second adhesive film 140 contain peroxide crosslinking agents.

[0096] Step S4, lamination process.

[0097] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the photovoltaic module 100, a peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is provided between the first encapsulant film 120 and the light-facing side of the solar cell 130 and / or between the back-facing side of the solar cell 130 and the second encapsulant film 140. The peroxide radical barrier layer 160 can reduce the penetration of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent contained in the encapsulant film into the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the solar cell 130. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 100 adopts crosslinked encapsulant films for the first encapsulant film 120 and the second encapsulant film 140, which can reduce the adverse effects of free radicals generated by the peroxide crosslinking agent on the solar cell 130. Under outdoor hot spot conditions, the photovoltaic module 100 will not experience creep or internal bubble problems due to loss of encapsulation structure support caused by the melting of the encapsulant film, thereby improving the lifespan of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0098] Figure 7 The preparation method of the specific example shown is illustrated below:

[0099] Step 1: Obtain multiple solar cells 130, each solar cell 130 including a crystalline silicon cell component and a perovskite cell component 132 stacked on the crystalline silicon cell module 131. The multiple solar cells 130 are arranged in an array and are connected in a string using solder ribbons 170.

[0100] Step 2: A peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is attached to one side (light-facing side) of the perovskite cell module of each solar cell 130 to obtain a composite layer. The size of the peroxide radical barrier layer 160 is 0.1 mm to 2 mm larger than the length and width of the power generation area of ​​the solar cell 130.

[0101] Step 3: Lay the above composite layer on the second adhesive film 140 and the encapsulation backplate 150. The second adhesive film 140 is a cross-linked adhesive film containing a peroxide cross-linking agent. Solder the circuit structure and connect the junction box 190.

[0102] Step 4: Lay the first adhesive film 120 and the encapsulation panel 110 on the above composite layer. The first adhesive film 120 is a cross-linked adhesive film and contains a peroxide cross-linking agent.

[0103] Step 5: Apply a ring of butyl adhesive around the perimeter of the encapsulation backplate 150 to form a laminate with the encapsulation panel 110. Place the stacked components into a laminator for vacuum lamination and crosslinking to prepare a highly reliable two-end component.

[0104] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0105] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims, and the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The device includes a packaging panel, a first encapsulating film, a solar cell, a second encapsulating film, and a packaging backsheet, which are stacked sequentially. The solar cell includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The first and second encapsulating films contain a peroxide crosslinking agent. A peroxide free radical blocking layer is provided between the first encapsulating film and the light-facing side of the solar cell and / or between the backlight side of the solar cell and the second encapsulating film. The peroxide free radical blocking layer contains a free radical scavenger, which is selected from one or more of hindered amine light stabilizers, quinone polymerization inhibitors, polyphenol polymerization inhibitors, and aromatic amine polymerization inhibitors. The peroxide radical barrier layer further comprises a matrix material and an adhesive, wherein the free radical scavenger is mixed with the matrix material and the adhesive; or, the peroxide radical barrier layer comprises a substrate layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is disposed between a corresponding adhesive film and the substrate layer, the substrate layer comprises a matrix material and the free radical scavenger, and the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive; the matrix material is selected from one or more of polyolefins, polyesters, olefin copolymers, fluoropolymers, and polyamides; The peroxide radical barrier layer covers the entire surface of the solar cells on the light-facing side and / or the back-facing side.

2. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first adhesive film is an EVA adhesive film, a POE adhesive film, or an EPE adhesive film.

3. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second adhesive film is an EVA film, a POE film, or an EPE film.

4. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the encapsulation panel is one or more of glass, polymer, and ceramic.

5. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the encapsulation backplate is one or more of glass, polymer, and ceramic.

6. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the substrate layer is 30μm to 200μm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the adhesive layer is 30μm to 200μm.

8. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive is selected from one or more of acrylic adhesives and epoxy adhesives.

9. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The peroxide free radical barrier layer further includes a first coating and / or a second coating. The first coating is disposed between the adhesive layer and the substrate layer, and the second coating is disposed between the substrate layer and the corresponding adhesive film. The material of the first coating is one or more of fluorocarbon coatings, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, and polyester coatings, and the material of the second coating is one or more of fluorocarbon coatings, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, and polyester coatings.

10. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The thickness of the first coating is 1 μm to 20 μm, and the thickness of the second coating is 1 μm to 20 μm.

11. The photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, 8 to 10, characterized in that, The solar cell is a perovskite single cell or a perovskite-silicon tandem cell.

12. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A peroxide radical barrier layer is disposed on the light-facing and / or backlight-facing side of a solar cell to obtain a composite layer. The solar cell includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The peroxide radical barrier layer contains a free radical scavenger, which is selected from one or more of hindered amine light stabilizers, quinone polymerization inhibitors, polyphenol polymerization inhibitors, and aromatic amine polymerization inhibitors. The peroxide radical barrier layer also contains a matrix material and an adhesive, and the free radical scavenger is mixed with the matrix material and the adhesive. Alternatively, the peroxide radical barrier layer includes a substrate layer and an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is disposed between a corresponding adhesive film and the substrate layer. The substrate layer contains a matrix material and the free radical scavenger, and the adhesive layer contains an adhesive. The matrix material is selected from one or more of polyolefins, polyesters, olefin copolymers, fluoropolymers, and polyamides. The peroxide radical barrier layer covers the entire surface of the light-facing and / or backlight-facing sides of multiple solar cells. A first adhesive film and an encapsulation panel are disposed on the light-facing side of the composite layer, wherein the first adhesive film is located between the light-facing side of the composite layer and the encapsulation panel. A second adhesive film and an encapsulation backplate are disposed on the backlight side of the composite layer, with the second adhesive film located between the backlight side of the composite layer and the encapsulation backplate; the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film contain a peroxide crosslinking agent. Lamination process.

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