A method and device for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation, including a bottom plate, a measuring cylinder is provided on the bottom plate, the measuring cylinder is connected to a rain collecting bucket through a water inlet pipe, a water level detection device for detecting the water level of precipitation in the measuring cylinder is provided in the measuring cylinder, a bracket is provided on the side of the bottom plate adjacent to the measuring cylinder, a carbon respiration monitor body is provided on the bracket, a movable rod is movably inserted on the bracket, a respiration chamber cover is connected to the bottom of the movable rod, the detection end of the carbon respiration monitor body extends into the respiration chamber cover, and the movable rod is connected to the bracket through a driving device. In the present invention, when the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device reaches a threshold value, the controller drives the movable rod to drive the respiration chamber cover to be inserted downward into the soil and the carbon respiration monitor body is operated at the same time, so that personnel can understand and study soil respiration data of different precipitation amounts, thereby facilitating personnel to study and determine the precipitation required for the monitored soil area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil respiration measurement, and in particular to a method and device for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation. Background Art

[0002] Desert steppes are an arid ecosystem, where soil respiration is closely linked to the soil carbon cycle. Precipitation, the primary water source for desert steppe ecosystems, significantly influences soil respiration. Maintaining appropriate precipitation ensures healthy soil respiration and maintains the ecosystem's biodiversity and stability.

[0003] Currently, soil respiration research in grasslands is typically conducted using a soil respiration research device. This device involves inserting a respiration chamber into the soil to be measured, and using a carbon respiration monitor to measure the carbon dioxide content in the chamber, thereby collecting and monitoring soil respiration data. However, this method can only collect soil respiration data, without considering the impact of precipitation on soil respiration. This method cannot collect soil respiration data based on the corresponding precipitation, hindering researchers from determining the required precipitation for the monitored soil area. Consequently, it is impossible to maintain appropriate precipitation levels, affecting the healthy development of soil respiration. Therefore, we propose a precipitation-based method and device for studying grassland soil respiration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation includes a base plate, a graduated cylinder disposed on the base plate, the graduated cylinder being connected to a rain funnel via a water inlet pipe, a water level detection device disposed within the graduated cylinder for detecting the level of precipitation within the graduated cylinder, a bracket disposed on a side of the base plate adjacent to the graduated cylinder, a carbon respiration monitor body disposed on the bracket, a movable rod movably inserted into the bracket, a respiration chamber cover connected to the bottom of the movable rod, a detection end of the carbon respiration monitor body extending into the respiration chamber cover, the water level detection device and the carbon respiration monitor body being electrically connected to an electrical component disposed on the base plate, the electrical component including a controller and a wireless transmission module for remotely transmitting data collected by the water level detection device and the carbon respiration monitor body to a monitoring end;

[0007] A through hole is provided on the bottom plate for the breathing chamber mask to pass through, and the movable rod is connected to the bracket through a driving device. The driving device is used to drive the movable rod by the controller to drive the breathing chamber mask downward into the soil when the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device reaches a threshold value, while making the carbon respiration monitor body work.

[0008] A further improvement is that the driving device includes a permanent magnet block arranged at the end of the movable rod away from the breathing chamber cover, an electromagnetic ring arranged on the bracket for electrically adsorbing the permanent magnet block, and a return spring arranged on the outer wall of the movable rod and connected to the breathing chamber cover at one end and the bracket at the other end. The electromagnetic ring is electrically connected to the controller.

[0009] A further improvement is that the detection end of the carbon breath monitor body is connected to the inner wall of the top of the breathing chamber cover through a support rod, and the outer wall of the support rod is fixedly sleeved with a hollow seat, and the two ends of the hollow seat are respectively provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end, and the water inlet end is connected with the water outlet of the measuring cylinder through a drainage pipe, and the water outlet end is connected with the annular seat, and the annular seat is provided on the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover and located outside the hollow seat, and the bottom of the annular seat is provided with several groups of interconnected water outlets, and the bottom of the hollow seat is rotatably provided with an annular part, and the annular part is connected to an impeller part, and the impeller part is located in the hollow seat and rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the support rod, and the impeller part is driven by the liquid entering from the water inlet end to drive the annular part to rotate relative to the hollow seat, and the bottom of the annular part is provided with several groups of scraper parts for contacting the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover in an annular array.

[0010] A further improvement is that it also includes a pressurizing member, which includes a sealing cylinder arranged on a bracket, a piston-connecting rod group being provided in the sealing cylinder, the bottom of the piston-connecting rod group passing through the sealing cylinder and connected to the breathing chamber cover, the sealing cylinder being provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a one-way valve being provided in the air inlet and the air outlet, the air outlet being connected to a sealing seat connected to a water inlet pipe, a sealing plate for closing the water inlet pipe being provided in the sealing seat, the sealing plate being connected to an inner wall of one side of the sealing seat by a spring, an air inlet pipe being provided on the sealing seat being connected to a measuring cylinder, the air inlet pipe being used to allow the gas in the sealing seat to enter the measuring cylinder when the sealing plate closes the water inlet pipe;

[0011] The main drainage pipe is provided with a solenoid valve 1 electrically connected to the electrical component, and the water outlet of the measuring cylinder is also provided with a drainage branch pipe, and the drainage branch pipe is provided with a solenoid valve 2.

[0012] A further improvement is that the scraper member includes a fixed scraper connected to the annular member at one end, a recess is formed at the bottom of the fixed scraper on the side facing the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover, and a movable scraper is provided in the recess, and an elastic member is embedded in the top of the movable scraper, and the elastic member is connected to the inner wall of the recess;

[0013] The inner side of the movable scraper of several groups of scraper members is connected to an outer ring, and the inner side of the outer ring is rotatably provided with an inner annular filter. The top of the inner annular filter is provided with a pull rope, one end of the pull rope extends to the bottom of the detection end and then passes through the side wall of the breathing chamber cover and is connected to the bottom plate, which is used to pull the inner annular filter upward when the breathing chamber cover moves downward.

[0014] A further improvement is that both sides of the detection end of the carbon breath monitor body are sleeved with interconnected protective covers, and the bottoms of the two sets of protective covers are symmetrically provided with wedge blocks, the wedge blocks are movably sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod, and the guide rod is horizontally fixed in the breathing chamber cover, the top of the inner annular filter is provided with a pusher that drives the two sets of wedge blocks to move away from each other, and the outer wall of the guide rod is sleeved with a stress spring that drives the wedge blocks to move and reset;

[0015] The vertical cross section of the ejector is T-shaped, and rollers for cooperating with the inclined surfaces of the wedge blocks are rotatably provided at both ends of the transverse section.

[0016] A further improvement is that moving devices for driving the bottom plate to move are provided on all four sides of the bottom plate, and the moving devices can be movably arranged in the guide rails.

[0017] A method for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation, using the above-mentioned respiration research device, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1: Place the device at a designated location. The rain bucket receives rainwater when it rains and allows the rainwater to enter the measuring cylinder through the water inlet pipe. The water level detection device collects precipitation water level data in real time and sends the precipitation water level data to the monitoring end via the wireless transmission module. When the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device reaches the threshold, the water level detection device sends a control signal to the controller to activate the drive device.

[0019] S2: The driving device drives the movable rod to drive the breathing chamber cover downward into the soil and simultaneously makes the carbon respiration monitor body work. The carbon respiration monitor body collects soil respiration data and sends the collected soil respiration data to the monitoring end via the wireless transmission module.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1) The present invention can collect precipitation data and soil respiration data. When the precipitation level detected by the water level detection device reaches a threshold, the controller drives the movable rod to drive the respiration chamber cover downward into the soil, while the carbon respiration monitor body is in operation. This allows personnel to understand and study soil respiration data at different precipitation levels, thereby facilitating research and determining the required precipitation level for the monitored soil area, so as to subsequently maintain this precipitation level and ensure the healthy development of soil respiration.

[0022] 2) When the breathing chamber cover enters the soil, the present invention can make the inner annular filter drive the movable scraper upward to prevent part of the soil entering the breathing chamber cover from damaging the inner annular filter and the movable scraper. On the other hand, it is also convenient to drive the soil in the breathing chamber cover out of the breathing chamber cover when the breathing chamber cover is reset. When the breathing chamber cover is reset, gas is injected into the measuring cylinder through the pressurizing member, which can drive the liquid in the measuring cylinder into the hollow seat. The liquid is used to make the impeller drive the scraper to rotate and the liquid is discharged from the water outlet at the bottom of the annular seat, which effectively avoids soil residue on the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover and facilitates the accuracy of soil respiration data collection next time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the breathing chamber mask of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure member of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic side view of the breathing chamber cover of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1. bottom plate; 2. measuring cylinder; 3. water inlet pipe; 4. rain collecting bucket; 5. guide rail; 6. water level detection device; 7. bracket; 8. movable rod; 9. electromagnetic ring; 10. permanent magnet block; 11. breathing chamber cover; 12. carbon breath monitor body; 13. drainage main pipe; 14. drainage branch pipe; 15. electrical component; 16. pressurizing component; 161. sealing cylinder; 162. piston connecting rod assembly; 163. sealing seat; 164. sealing plate; 165. spring; 166. air inlet pipe; 17. hollow seat; 18. ring component; 19. impeller component; 20. ring seat; 21. fixed scraper; 22. movable scraper; 23. elastic component; 24. outer ring; 25. inner annular filter; 26. pull rope; 27. ejector; 28. protective cover; 29. ​​wedge block; 30. guide rod; 31. moving device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Please see the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 2

[0031] A device for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation includes a base plate 1, a measuring cylinder 2 disposed on the base plate 1, the measuring cylinder 2 being connected to a rain collecting hopper 4 via a water inlet pipe 3, a water level detecting device 6 disposed within the measuring cylinder 2 for detecting the precipitation level within the measuring cylinder 2, the water level detecting device 6 being, for example, a water level sensor, the model of which is, for example, MIK-P260, but of course not limited to this type;

[0032] A U-shaped bracket 7 is provided on one side of the base plate 1 adjacent to the measuring cylinder 2, and a carbon respiration monitor body 12 is provided on the bracket 7. The carbon respiration monitor body 12 belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail here; a T-shaped movable rod 8 is movably inserted on the bracket 7, and the bottom of the movable rod 8 is connected to a breathing chamber cover 11 with a closed upper end and a hollow lower end. The detection end of the carbon respiration monitor body 12 extends into the breathing chamber cover 11, and the water level detection device 6 and the carbon respiration monitor body 12 are both electrically connected to an electrical component 15 provided on the base plate 1. The electrical component 15 includes a controller and a wireless transmission module for remotely transmitting data collected by the water level detection device 6 and the carbon respiration monitor body 12 to a monitoring end. The controller is, for example, a PLC controller, which is used to control the electrical components in the device. The wireless transmission module remotely transmits the data collected by the water level detection device 6 and the carbon respiration monitor body 12 to the monitoring end so that the personnel at the monitoring end can study the impact of precipitation on soil respiration based on the data, and the wireless transmission module also facilitates the personnel at the monitoring end to remotely send control signals to control the corresponding electrical appliances in the device;

[0033] A through hole is provided on the base plate 1 for the breathing chamber cover 11 to pass through. The movable rod 8 is connected to the bracket 7 through a driving device. The driving device is used to drive the movable rod 8 by the controller to drive the breathing chamber cover 11 downward into the soil when the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device 6 reaches a threshold value, and at the same time, the carbon respiration monitor body 12 is operated.

[0034] Preferably, the driving device of this embodiment includes a permanent magnet block 10 provided at one end of the movable rod 8 away from the breathing chamber cover 11, an electromagnetic ring 9 provided on the bracket 7 for electrically adsorbing the permanent magnet block 10, and a return spring 165 sleeved on the outer wall of the movable rod 8 and connected to the breathing chamber cover 11 at one end and connected to the bracket 7 at the other end. The electromagnetic ring 9 is electrically connected to the controller;

[0035] The electromagnetic ring 9 is energized to attract the permanent magnet block 10, so that the movable rod 8 drives the breathing chamber cover 11 to move downward into the soil. When the electromagnetic ring 9 is de-energized, the reset spring 165 causes the movable rod 8 to drive the breathing chamber cover 11 to reset upward and leave the soil.

[0036] Preferably, the detection end of the carbon breath monitor body 12 of this embodiment is connected to the top inner wall of the breathing chamber mask 11 through a support rod. Specifically, the carbon breath monitor body 12 is connected to the detection end through a pipe, one end of the support rod is connected to the detection end, and the other end is connected to the top inner wall of the breathing chamber mask 11. At the same time, the support rod is sleeved on the outer wall of the pipe, so that the detection end can move with the breathing chamber mask 11;

[0037] The outer wall fixed sleeve of the support rod is provided with a hollow seat 17. The diameter of the hollow seat 17 is smaller than the inner diameter of the breathing chamber cover 11. The two ends of the hollow seat 17 are respectively provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end. The water inlet end is connected with the water outlet of the measuring cylinder 2 through the drainage pipe 13, and the water outlet end is connected with the annular seat 20. The annular seat 20 is provided on the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11 and is located on the outside of the hollow seat 17. The bottom of the annular seat 20 is provided with several groups of interconnected water outlets. The bottom of the hollow seat 17 is rotatably provided with an annular member 18. The annular member 18 is T-shaped and is connected to the hollow seat 17 through a bearing. It should be noted that the outer side of the lower end of the annular member 18 is located on the opposite side of the water outlet at the bottom of the annular seat 20, and will not affect the water flow downward from the water outlet at the bottom of the annular seat 20. The annular member 18 is connected to the impeller member 19, and the impeller member 19 is located in the hollow seat 17 and rotates The movable sleeve is arranged on the outer wall of the support rod, and the impeller member 19 is driven by the liquid entering from the water inlet end to drive the annular member 18 to rotate relative to the hollow seat 17. The bottom of the annular member 18 is provided with a plurality of groups of scraper members for contacting the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11 in an annular array. After the breathing chamber cover 11 leaves the soil, the water in the measuring cylinder 2 is discharged, so that the water in the measuring cylinder 2 enters the hollow seat 17 through the drainage pipe 13. The incoming water drives the impeller member 19, and the impeller member 19 drives the annular member 18. The annular member 18 drives the scraper member to clean the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11, so that the soil remaining on the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11 is separated from the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11. At the same time, the water flow entering the hollow seat 17 enters the annular seat 20 and is discharged from the water outlet at the bottom of the annular seat 20, thereby improving the cleaning quality of the scraper member on the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11.

[0038] Please see the attached Figure 3

[0039] In order to facilitate the drainage of the measuring cylinder 2 and the rotation of the impeller 19, as a preferred embodiment, the present embodiment further includes a pressurizing member 16, which includes a sealing cylinder 161 provided on the bracket 7, and a piston connecting rod group 162 provided in the sealing cylinder 161. The piston connecting rod group 162 includes, for example, a piston and a piston rod. The bottom of the piston connecting rod group 162 passes through the sealing cylinder 161 and is connected to the breathing chamber cover 11. The sealing cylinder 161 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a one-way valve is provided in the air inlet and the air outlet. The port is connected to a sealing seat 163 connected to the water inlet pipe 3. A sealing plate 164 is provided in the sealing seat 163 for sealing the water inlet pipe 3. The sealing plate 164 is adapted to the inner cavity of the sealing seat 163 and its length is greater than the inner cavity length of the water inlet pipe 3. The sealing plate 164 is connected to the inner wall of one side of the sealing seat 163 by a spring 165. An air inlet pipe 166 connected to the measuring cylinder 2 is provided on the sealing seat 163. The air inlet pipe 166 is used to allow the gas in the sealing seat 163 to enter the measuring cylinder 2 when the sealing plate 164 closes the water inlet pipe 3.

[0040] The drainage main pipe 13 is provided with a solenoid valve 1 electrically connected to the electrical component 15 . The water outlet of the measuring cylinder 2 is further provided with a drainage branch pipe 14 , and the drainage branch pipe 14 is provided with a solenoid valve 2 .

[0041] When in use, the breathing chamber cover 11 moves downward, causing the piston connecting rod group 162 to move downward in the sealing cylinder 161, thereby allowing the outside air to enter the sealing cylinder 161 from the air inlet. When the electromagnetic ring 9 is powered off, the breathing chamber cover 11 resets upward, and then the piston connecting rod group 162 moves upward in the sealing cylinder 161 to press the air in the sealing cylinder 161 into the sealing seat 163. The entering air presses the sealing plate 164 to stretch the spring 165 to move and close the water inlet pipe 3. When the sealing plate 164 closes the water inlet pipe 3, the air entering the sealing seat 163 enters the measuring cylinder 2 from the air inlet pipe 166, thereby increasing the air pressure in the measuring cylinder 2. At this time, the electromagnetic valve 1 is opened, and the water in the measuring cylinder 2 is discharged through the drainage main pipe 13 under the action of pressure.

[0042] In order to ensure that the water in the measuring cylinder 2 is completely drained, after cleaning the breathing chamber cover 11, the electromagnetic valve 2 can be opened to perform auxiliary drainage so as to completely drain the water in the measuring cylinder 2.

[0043] Please see the attached Figure 4

[0044] Preferably, the scraper member of this embodiment includes a fixed scraper 21 connected to the annular member 18 at one end, a recess is provided at the bottom of the fixed scraper 21 facing the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11, and a movable scraper 22 is provided in the recess, and an elastic member 23 is embedded in the top of the movable scraper 22, and the elastic member 23 is connected to the inner wall of the recess. The elastic member 23 is, for example, an elastic telescopic rod, which is used to enable the movable scraper 22 to move relative to the fixed scraper 21;

[0045] The inner side of the movable scraper 22 of several groups of scraper members is connected to the outer ring 24, and the inner side of the outer ring 24 is rotatably provided with an inner annular filter 25. The top of the inner annular filter 25 is provided with a pull rope 26. One end of the pull rope 26 extends to the bottom of the detection end and then passes through the side wall of the breathing chamber cover 11 and is connected to the bottom plate 1. It is used to pull the inner annular filter 25 upward when the breathing chamber cover 11 moves downward. A structure for guiding the pull rope 26, such as a guide wheel and a guide wheel bracket, can be provided on the bottom plate 1 or the outer wall of the breathing chamber cover 11.

[0046] During use, when the breathing chamber cover 11 is inserted into the soil, part of the soil will press the scraper member upward. In order to avoid damage to the scraper member, when the breathing chamber cover 11 is downward, the inner annular filter screen 25 will be synchronously pulled upward by the pull rope 26, and the inner annular filter screen 25 drives the outer ring 24 to move the movable scraper 22 relative to the fixed scraper 21, so that part of the soil entering the breathing chamber cover 11 will not press on the scraper member, causing damage to the scraper member. At the same time, when the breathing chamber cover 11 is reset upward, the inner annular filter screen 25 and the movable scraper 22 are reset under the action of the elastic member 23, so that the soil in the breathing chamber cover 11 can be squeezed downward and separated from the breathing chamber cover 11, and the soil will not be tightly compressed and remain in the breathing chamber cover 11.

[0047] Preferably, both sides of the detection end of the carbon breath monitor body 12 of this embodiment are provided with protective covers 28 that are interconnected to protect the detection end. The two sets of protective covers 28 are hollow at one end and the top. The two sets of protective covers 28 are symmetrically provided with wedge blocks 29 at the bottom. The wedge blocks 29 are right-angled trapezoids. The wedge blocks 29 are movably sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod 30, and the guide rod 30 is horizontally fixed in the breathing chamber cover 11. The two ends of the guide rod 30 have protrusions fixed to the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover 11. The top of the inner annular filter 25 is provided with a pusher 27 that drives the two sets of wedge blocks 29 to move away from each other. The outer wall of the guide rod 30 is provided with a stress spring 165 that drives the wedge blocks 29 to move and reset.

[0048] The vertical cross section of the ejector 27 is T-shaped, and rollers for cooperating with the inclined surfaces of the wedge blocks 29 are rotatably provided at both ends of the transverse section.

[0049] When in use, the inner annular filter 25 will push the pusher 27 upward to enter between the two wedge blocks 29. As the inner annular filter 25 continues to move upward, it will push the two wedge blocks 29 away from each other, thereby moving the two sets of protective covers 28 away from each other to detect leakage.

[0050] Preferably, the base plate 1 of this embodiment is provided with a moving device 31 on all four sides for driving the base plate 1 to move. The moving device 31 includes, for example, moving wheels and a motor for driving the moving wheels to rotate. The moving device 31 is movably arranged within the guide rail 5. This arrangement facilitates the collection of soil respiration data at different locations by the device, and the guide rail 5 can be laid in advance at a designated location.

[0051] A method for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation, using the above-mentioned respiration research device, includes the following steps:

[0052] S1: The device is placed at a designated location. The rain hopper 4 receives rainwater when it rains and allows the rainwater to enter the measuring cylinder 2 through the water inlet pipe 3. The water level detection device 6 collects precipitation water level data in real time and sends the precipitation water level data to the monitoring end via the wireless transmission module. When the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device 6 reaches the threshold, the water level detection device 6 sends a control signal to the controller to activate the driving device.

[0053] S2: The driving device drives the movable rod 8 to drive the breathing chamber cover 11 downward into the soil, and at the same time makes the carbon respiration monitor body 12 work. The carbon respiration monitor body 12 collects soil respiration data and sends the collected soil respiration data to the monitoring end via the wireless transmission module.

[0054] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A grassland soil respiration research device based on precipitation, comprising a bottom plate (1), characterized in that: The bottom plate (1) is provided with a measuring cylinder (2), the measuring cylinder (2) is connected with a rain collecting bucket (4) through a water inlet pipe (3), a water level detection device (6) for detecting the water level of precipitation in the measuring cylinder (2) is provided in the measuring cylinder (2), a bracket (7) is provided on one side of the bottom plate (1) adjacent to the measuring cylinder (2), a carbon respiration monitor body (12) is provided on the bracket (7), a movable rod (8) is movably inserted on the bracket (7), a breathing chamber cover (11) is connected to the bottom of the movable rod (8), a detection end of the carbon respiration monitor body (12) extends into the breathing chamber cover (11), the water level detection device (6) and the carbon respiration monitor body (12) are both electrically connected to an electrical device (15) provided on the bottom plate (1), and the electrical device (15) comprises a controller and a wireless transmission module for remotely transmitting data collected by the water level detection device (6) and the carbon respiration monitor body (12) to a monitoring end; The bottom plate (1) is provided with a through hole for the breathing chamber cover (11) to pass through, and the movable rod (8) is connected to the bracket (7) via a driving device, and the driving device is used to drive the movable rod (8) to drive the breathing chamber cover (11) downward into the soil when the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device (6) reaches a threshold value, thereby causing the carbon respiration monitor body (12) to work; The driving device comprises a permanent magnet block (10) arranged at one end of the movable rod (8) away from the breathing chamber cover (11), an electromagnetic ring (9) arranged on the bracket (7) for electrically adsorbing the permanent magnet block (10), and a return spring (165) sleeved on the outer wall of the movable rod (8) and connected to the breathing chamber cover (11) at one end and connected to the bracket (7) at the other end, and the electromagnetic ring (9) is electrically connected to the controller; The detection end of the carbon respiration monitor body (12) is connected to the top inner wall of the breathing chamber cover (11) through a support rod, and the outer wall of the support rod is fixedly sleeved with a hollow seat (17), and the two ends of the hollow seat (17) are respectively provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end, and the water inlet end is connected to the water outlet of the measuring cylinder (2) through a drainage pipe (13), and the water outlet end is connected to an annular seat (20), and the annular seat (20) is arranged on the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover (11) and located outside the hollow seat (17), and the bottom of the annular seat (20) is A plurality of interconnected water outlets are provided, a ring member (18) is rotatably provided at the bottom of the hollow seat (17), the ring member (18) is connected to an impeller member (19), the impeller member (19) is located in the hollow seat (17) and is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the support rod, the impeller member (19) is driven by liquid entering from the water inlet end to drive the ring member (18) to rotate relative to the hollow seat (17), and a plurality of scraper members for contacting the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover (11) are provided in an annular array at the bottom of the ring member (18); The pressure-applying member (16) further comprises a sealing cylinder (161) arranged on the bracket (7), a piston connecting rod group (162) being arranged in the sealing cylinder (161), the bottom of the piston connecting rod group (162) passing through the sealing cylinder (161) and being connected to the breathing chamber cover (11), the sealing cylinder (161) being provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and both the air inlet and the air outlet being provided with a one-way valve, the air outlet being connected to a water inlet pipe (3) and a water inlet pipe (4). A sealing seat (163), wherein a sealing plate (164) for sealing the water inlet pipe (3) is provided in the sealing seat (163), wherein the sealing plate (164) is connected to an inner wall of one side of the sealing seat (163) via a spring (165), and wherein an air inlet pipe (166) communicating with the measuring cylinder (2) is provided on the sealing seat (163), wherein the air inlet pipe (166) is used to allow the gas in the sealing seat (163) to enter the measuring cylinder (2) when the sealing plate (164) seals the water inlet pipe (3); The main drainage pipe (13) is provided with a solenoid valve 1 electrically connected to the electrical device (15); the outlet of the measuring cylinder (2) is also provided with a drainage branch pipe (14), and the drainage branch pipe (14) is provided with a solenoid valve 2; The scraper member comprises a fixed scraper (21) having one end connected to the annular member (18); a notch is provided at the bottom of the fixed scraper (21) on one side facing the inner wall of the breathing chamber cover (11); a movable scraper (22) is provided in the notch; an elastic member (23) is embedded at the top of the movable scraper (22); and the elastic member (23) is connected to the inner wall of the notch; The inner side of the movable scrapers (22) of the plurality of groups of scraper members is connected to an outer ring (24), the inner side of the outer ring (24) is rotatably provided with an inner annular filter (25), the top of the inner annular filter (25) is provided with a pull rope (26), one end of the pull rope (26) extends to the bottom of the detection end and then passes through the side wall of the breathing chamber cover (11) and is connected to the bottom plate (1), so as to pull the inner annular filter (25) upward when the breathing chamber cover (11) moves downward.

2. The research device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the detection end of the carbon breath monitor body (12) are sleeved with mutually connected protective covers (28), and two groups of the protective covers (28) are symmetrically provided with wedge blocks (29) at the bottom, and the wedge blocks (29) are movably sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod (30), and the guide rod (30) is horizontally fixed in the breathing chamber cover (11), and the top of the inner annular filter (25) is provided with a push piece (27) for driving the two groups of wedge blocks (29) to move away from each other, and the outer wall of the guide rod (30) is sleeved with a stress spring (165) for driving the wedge blocks (29) to move and reset; The vertical section of the push member (27) is T-shaped, and rollers for cooperating with the inclined surface of the wedge block (29) are rotatably provided at both ends of the transverse section.

3. The research device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Moving devices (31) for driving the bottom plate (1) to move are arranged around the bottom plate (1), and the moving devices (31) can be movably arranged in the guide rail (5).

4. A method for studying grassland soil respiration based on precipitation, using a respiration research device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The device is placed at a designated location, the rain collecting bucket (4) receives rainwater when it rains, and allows the rainwater to enter the measuring cylinder (2) through the water inlet pipe (3), the water level detection device (6) collects precipitation water level data in real time, and sends the precipitation water level data to the monitoring end via a wireless transmission module, and when the precipitation water level detected by the water level detection device (6) reaches a threshold value, the water level detection device (6) sends a control signal to the controller, so that the driving device works; S2: The driving device operates to drive the movable rod (8) to drive the breathing chamber cover (11) downward into the soil and simultaneously enables the carbon respiration monitor body (12) to operate. The carbon respiration monitor body (12) collects soil respiration data and sends the collected soil respiration data to the monitoring end via the wireless transmission module.

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