A super large horizontal cold box

Abstract

The present invention provides an ultra-large horizontal cold box, which comprises a one-stage cold box cylinder with a horizontal layout, heads relatively arranged at both ends of the cold box cylinder for use with the cold box cylinder, first, second, third and fourth temperature zone units detachably arranged in the cold box cylinder along the axis of the cold box cylinder and connected in sequence through pipelines, and raw gas passes through the first, second, third and fourth temperature zone units in sequence; a first vertical flange and a second vertical flange are arranged in the upper part of the cold box cylinder along its axial direction so that the temperature zone units can enter and exit the cold box cylinder; the first, second, third and fourth temperature zone units are arranged in sequence in the cold box cylinder 1 along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1 and connected in sequence through pipelines, so that the cold box structure is compact and easy to integrate and install, there is no detour of pipelines between the temperature zone units, and it is easy to disassemble and maintain, and the cold box cylinder 1 is a one-stage structure, and the existing pull-out disassembly scheme is not adopted. When disassembling, it is not necessary to cut and remove the pipelines and sensors on the cold box cylinder 1 due to pulling out the cylinder, thereby improving the efficiency of disassembly and installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cryogenic devices, and in particular to an ultra-large horizontal cold box. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology and the needs of scenarios, cryogenic equipment is gradually developing towards large-scale. According to the survey, there are already 10,000-watt helium liquefiers / refrigerators in use abroad, but there is still a blank area in China. Ultra-large liquefiers / refrigerators mainly involve compressors, oil filters, cold boxes, and dewars, which need to be overcome; among them, the cold box part is the most complex module in the cryogenic system, which provides a low-temperature environment for the entire cryogenic system. It is the place where the medium is converted from room temperature to low temperature, and then liquid is produced or refrigerated. For ultra-large liquefiers / refrigerators, cold box integration will inevitably involve more staggered process management, more cryogenic components, and more complex pipe layouts. It will face more technical difficulties and breakthroughs in structural layout.

[0003] In the prior art, horizontal cold box structures, such as Figure 4 As shown, a two-stage connection is adopted, which is fixed with bolts in the middle. This solution makes the cold box easy to disassemble and move; but for super-large horizontal cold boxes, there are many parts involved, especially many pipes, cables of many temperature sensors and pressure sensors on the top, turbine expander cold water pipelines, etc., which need to pass through the entire inside or outside of the cold box. This "pull-out" disassembly solution requires cutting or removing the above parts and then resetting them, which is a very troublesome process.

[0004] The existing scheme does not mention the layout of the internal components of the cold box. For super-large cold boxes, there are many internal parts, and a reasonable layout scheme must be provided to make the cold box compact, low-cost, easy to integrate and install, and easy to disassemble and maintain. The horizontal cold box is a direct place to provide a low-temperature environment. The air source is reduced from room temperature to 20K or 4.5K or even lower. The thermal management of the cold box is very strict. The layout of low-temperature components in different temperature zones must have a reasonable design plan, which is not mentioned in the existing scheme.

[0005] Therefore, due to the large number of internal components of the super-large cold box, a reasonable layout scheme must be provided to make the cold box compact, low-cost, easy to integrate and install, and easy to disassemble and maintain. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the super-large cold box in the prior art has many internal parts and is inconvenient to disassemble and maintain.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an ultra-large horizontal cold box, which includes: a one-section cold box cylinder with a horizontal layout, heads relatively arranged at both ends of the cold box cylinder for use with the cold box cylinder, first, second, third, and fourth temperature zone units detachably arranged in the cold box cylinder along the axis of the cold box cylinder and connected in sequence through pipelines, and the raw gas passes through the first, second, third, and fourth temperature zone units in sequence; the upper part of the cold box cylinder is provided with a first vertical flange and a second vertical flange arranged along its axial direction to facilitate the temperature zone units to enter and exit the cold box cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, each temperature unit is divided into a plurality of skids according to the size of the volume, and a plurality of skids are arranged in the cold box cylinder along the axis of the cold box cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the first temperature zone unit is divided into a first skid-mounted unit and a second skid-mounted unit according to the size of the unit, the first skid-mounted unit and the second skid-mounted unit are connected by pipelines, the first skid-mounted unit includes a first low-temperature heat exchanger, the second skid-mounted unit includes a second low-temperature heat exchanger, a first adsorber, a liquid nitrogen tank and a siphon heat exchanger placed in the tank, and the volume of the first low-temperature heat exchanger is larger than that of the second low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0010] Furthermore, the second temperature zone unit includes a third low-temperature heat exchanger, and the third low-temperature heat exchanger constitutes a third skid.

[0011] Furthermore, the third temperature zone unit includes moving parts and fixed parts. The moving parts include a first cold compressor, and the fixed parts include a fourth low-temperature heat exchanger and a second adsorber. The moving parts alone form a fourth skid, and the fixed parts are divided into a fifth skid and a sixth skid by volume.

[0012] Furthermore, the fourth skid is detachably hoisted on the first vertical flange, and the fourth skid can enter or be hoisted out of the cold box cylinder through the first vertical flange.

[0013] Furthermore, the sixth skid is detachably hoisted on the second vertical flange, and the sixth skid can enter or be hoisted out of the cold box cylinder through the first vertical flange.

[0014] Furthermore, the fourth temperature zone unit includes a liquid helium buffer tank, and the liquid helium buffer tank independently constitutes the seventh skid.

[0015] Furthermore, the first temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to below 80K, the second temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 80K-20K, the third temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 20K-5K, and the fourth temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 5K-4.5K.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a manhole opened on the cold box cylinder.

[0017] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the first, second, third and fourth temperature zone units are arranged in sequence in the cold box cylinder along the axis of the cold box cylinder and are connected in sequence through pipelines, so that the cold box structure is compact and easy to integrate and install. There is no detour of pipelines between the temperature zone units, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. The cold box cylinder is a one-stage structure and does not adopt the existing pull-out disassembly scheme. During disassembly, there is no need to cut and remove the pipelines and sensors on the cold box cylinder due to pulling out the cylinder, thereby improving the efficiency of disassembly and installation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the horizontal cold box provided in this application.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a piping diagram of the internal components of the horizontal cold box provided in this application.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal skid-mounted arrangement of the horizontal cold box provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the existing cold box structure provided in this application.

[0022] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1. cold box cylinder; 11. end cap; 12. first vertical flange; 13. second vertical flange; 14. manhole; 15. saddle; 16. reinforcing rib; 17. diameter pipe; 2. first skid; 21. first cryogenic heat exchanger; 3. second skid; 31. second cryogenic heat exchanger; 32. first adsorber; 33. liquid nitrogen tank; 34. siphon heat exchanger; 4. third skid; 41. third cryogenic heat exchanger; 5. fourth skid; 51. first cold compressor; 6. fifth skid; 7. sixth skid; 8. seventh skid; 81. liquid helium buffer tank; 9. fixing component; 91. fourth cryogenic heat exchanger; 92. second adsorber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Typical embodiments that embody the features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various changes in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations therein are essentially used for illustration purposes rather than for limiting the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0025] In order to further illustrate the principle and structure of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The present invention provides a horizontal cold box structure which mainly provides an internal structure layout form that meets the process requirements, is easy to install, has a compact structure, and is easy to disassemble and maintain.

[0027] See also Figure 1-3 , an ultra-large horizontal cold box provided in this embodiment comprises a one-stage cold box cylinder 1, heads 11 relatively arranged at both ends of the cold box cylinder 1 and used in conjunction with the cold box cylinder 1, a first, a second, a third, and a fourth temperature zone unit detachably arranged in the cold box cylinder 1 along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1, the first, the second, the third, and the fourth temperature zone units are connected in sequence through pipelines, thereby avoiding the detour of the pipelines between the temperature zone units. The first, the second, the third, and the fourth temperature zone units are arranged in sequence in the cold box cylinder 1 along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1 and are connected in sequence through pipelines, so that the cold box structure is compact and convenient for integrated installation. There is no detour of pipelines between the temperature zone units, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. In addition, the cold box cylinder 1 is a one-stage structure, and the existing pull-out disassembly scheme is not adopted. During disassembly, there is no need to cut and remove the pipelines and sensors on the cold box cylinder 1 due to pulling out the cylinder, thereby improving the efficiency of disassembly and installation.

[0028] As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned cold box adopts a horizontal layout, which includes structures such as the cold box cylinder 1, the head 11, the vertical large flange, the manhole 14, the vacuum extraction port, the saddle 15, the reinforcing ribs 16 and the diameter tube 17. The above-mentioned vertical large flange is located at the top of the cylinder and is perpendicular to the cylinder; the manhole 14 is set on the side wall of the cylinder for personnel to enter and exit and operate during maintenance; the bottom of the cylinder is designed with a saddle 15 for supporting and fixing the cold box cylinder 1; reinforcing ribs 16 are designed along the circumference of the cylinder; the diameter tube 17 is set at the top of the cold box cylinder 1 for installing valves, sensors and other components.

[0029] For an extra-large cold box, if there are too many low-temperature devices in a certain temperature zone unit, the volume of the temperature zone unit may be too large, which in turn causes the diameter of the cold box cylinder 1 to be too large, increasing manufacturing and transportation costs. The embodiments of the present invention avoid this problem by dividing the equipment into multiple skids in proportion to the volume.

[0030] The above-mentioned temperature units are divided into several skids according to the PID process and the size of the skids. The number and types of equipment in each skid are relatively reduced. Multiple skids are arranged in sequence along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1 in the order of the PID process, which is convenient for maintenance and management. In particular, when the equipment in a skid needs to be repaired or replaced, the skid can be removed separately to reduce the impact on other skids and the entire cold box. In addition, through a reasonable skid layout, the volume proportions of each skid in the cold box are guaranteed to be similar, thereby ensuring that the horizontal cold box has a more compact structure and reducing manufacturing and transportation costs.

[0031] By adopting the idea of ​​skid-mounted layout, each component is assembled on the steel frame in unit module form in sequence according to the process design flow (PID flow), which can further avoid the detour of internal pipelines and make integrated installation simpler and more efficient.

[0032] Furthermore, as shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention also includes a first vertical flange 12 and a second vertical flange 13. The first vertical flange 12 and the second vertical flange 13 are arranged along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1 at the upper part of the cold box cylinder 1. When equipment in a skid located in the middle of the cold box cylinder 1 needs to be repaired or replaced, the skid can be lifted out through the first or second vertical flange 13, which is convenient for the components of the temperature zone unit to enter and exit the cold box cylinder 1, reducing the impact on other skids, and there is no need to open the head 11 of the cold box cylinder 1 to remove other skids, which is more convenient for repair or replacement.

[0033] As an embodiment of the first temperature zone unit, the first temperature zone unit is divided into a first skid 2 and a second skid 3 according to the volume size. The first skid 2 and the second skid 3 are arranged along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1 in the cold box cylinder 1 and are connected to each other through pipelines. The first skid 2 includes a first low-temperature heat exchanger 21, which is a large 80K low-temperature heat exchanger. The second skid 3 includes a second low-temperature heat exchanger 31, a first adsorber 32, a liquid nitrogen tank 33 and a siphon heat exchanger 34 placed in the tank. The second low-temperature heat exchanger 31 is a small 80K low-temperature heat exchanger, and the first adsorber 32 is an 80K adsorber. Under such a layout, the volumes of the two skids are relatively close.

[0034] As an embodiment of the second temperature zone unit, the second temperature zone unit includes a third low-temperature heat exchanger 41 . The third low-temperature heat exchanger 41 is a 80-20K temperature zone heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger constitutes a third skid 4 .

[0035] Furthermore, the number of the first, second, third and siphon heat exchangers 34 is not limited to one, and may be multiple connected in series or in parallel.

[0036] As an embodiment of the third temperature zone unit, the third temperature zone unit includes a moving part and a fixed part 9. The moving part includes moving elements, so it has a higher maintenance probability. The fixed part 9 does not include moving elements, so the maintenance probability is low. The moving part and the fixed part 9 are respectively skid-mounted to facilitate installation and disassembly, and also to facilitate maintenance.

[0037] Furthermore, the above-mentioned moving parts include a first cold compressor 51, and the first cold compressor 51 alone constitutes a fourth skid 5; the fixed part 9 includes a fourth low-temperature heat exchanger 91 and a second adsorber 92, the fourth low-temperature heat exchanger 91 is a 20~5K low-temperature heat exchanger, the number of the fourth low-temperature heat exchanger 91 and the second adsorber 92 can be one, preferably, the number of the fourth low-temperature heat exchangers 91 is two, and the number of the second adsorber 92 is also two, the fixed part 9 is a fifth skid 6 and a sixth skid 7 according to the volume atmosphere, the fifth skid 6 can be composed of two fourth low-temperature heat exchangers 91, or composed of two second adsorbers 92, or a mixture of the fourth low-temperature heat exchanger 91 and the second adsorber 92, the sixth skid 7 can be composed of two second adsorbers 92, or composed of two fourth low-temperature heat exchangers 91, or a mixture of the fourth low-temperature heat exchanger 91 and the second adsorber 92.

[0038] The fourth, fifth and sixth skids are sequentially arranged in the cold box cylinder 1 along the axis of the cold box cylinder 1, the fifth skid 6 is located between the fourth skid 5 and the sixth skid 7, and the fourth, fifth and sixth skids 7 are connected by pipelines.

[0039] Furthermore, the fourth skid 5 composed of the first cold compressor 51 is hoisted on the first vertical flange 12. Such a design allows the fourth skid 5 to be installed and removed directly from the first vertical flange 12, thereby avoiding the need to move other skids during maintenance. Such a layout is intended to ensure that when the interior of the horizontal cold box needs maintenance, it can be dismantled and repaired with minimal "cutting" of pipelines, while ensuring that the horizontal cold box has a compact structural size.

[0040] Furthermore, the skid-mounted component including more low-temperature components in the above-mentioned fixed component 9 is hoisted on the second vertical flange 13. The above text does not specifically limit the components of the fifth skid-mounted component 6 and the sixth skid-mounted component 7. Therefore, the skid-mounted component including more low-temperature components can be the fifth skid-mounted component 6 or the sixth skid-mounted component 7. Taking the sixth skid-mounted component 7 having more low-temperature components as an example, the sixth skid-mounted component 7 has more low-temperature components and is located at a relatively inner position of the cold box. For the convenience of maintenance, the sixth skid-mounted component 7 having more low-temperature equipment is hoisted on the second vertical flange 13, which can further avoid moving other skid-mounted components during maintenance.

[0041] As an embodiment of the fourth temperature zone unit, the fourth temperature zone unit includes a liquid helium buffer tank 81 , and the liquid helium buffer tank 81 alone constitutes the seventh skid 8 .

[0042] A track is provided at the bottom of the cold box cylinder 1 to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the temperature zone unit. The first and second vertical flanges 13 provide a convenient disassembly method, and the process is as follows: the first skid 2, the second skid 3 and the third skid 4 enter and exit from the bottom track through the left end cap 11; the fourth skid 5 is lifted out through the first vertical flange 12; the sixth skid 7 is lifted out through the second vertical flange 13, and at the same time, the fifth skid 6 can be lifted out through the second vertical flange 13 after the sixth skid 7 is lifted out; the seventh skid 8 enters and exits through the right end cap 11. This idea can ensure that when the interior of the horizontal cold box needs to be repaired, it can be dismantled and repaired with the least "cutting" of pipelines.

[0043] In the horizontal cold box, the PID process diagram is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the gas source enters the cold box, and the temperature is gradually reduced from room temperature to 4.5K under the refrigeration effect of liquid nitrogen, the first cold compressor 51, and various types of heat exchangers.

[0044] Specifically, the first temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to below 80K, the second temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 80K-20K, the third temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 20K-5K, and the fourth temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 5K-4.5K.

[0045] Furthermore, in order to avoid heat leakage of the above-mentioned skid-mounted heat exchangers, the heat exchangers in the temperature zones above 20K, i.e., the first temperature zone unit and the second temperature zone unit, are all arranged horizontally, and the heat exchangers in the temperature zones below 20K, i.e., the third temperature zone unit and the fourth temperature zone unit, are all arranged vertically.

[0046] Although the present invention has been described with reference to several typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terms used are illustrative and exemplary, rather than restrictive. Since the present invention can be embodied in a variety of forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims, so all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents should be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-large horizontal cold box, characterized in that: It includes a one-stage cold box cylinder with a horizontal layout, heads relatively arranged at both ends of the cold box cylinder for use with the cold box cylinder, first, second, third, and fourth temperature zone units detachably arranged in the cold box cylinder along the axis of the cold box cylinder and connected in sequence through pipelines, and the raw gas passes through the first, second, third, and fourth temperature zone units with gradually decreasing temperatures in sequence; the upper part of the cold box cylinder is provided with a first vertical flange and a second vertical flange arranged along its axial direction so that the temperature zone units can enter and exit the cold box cylinder; The first temperature zone unit is divided into a first skid and a second skid according to the volume. The first skid and the second skid are connected by pipelines. The first skid includes a first low-temperature heat exchanger, and the second skid includes a second low-temperature heat exchanger, a first adsorber, a liquid nitrogen tank, and a siphon heat exchanger placed in the tank. The second temperature zone unit includes a third low temperature heat exchanger, and the third low temperature heat exchanger constitutes a third skid; The third temperature zone unit includes moving parts and fixed parts. The moving parts include the first cold compressor, and the fixed parts include the fourth low-temperature heat exchanger and the second adsorber. The moving parts form a fourth skid alone, and the fixed parts are divided into a fifth skid and a sixth skid according to the volume. The fourth temperature zone unit includes a liquid helium buffer tank, which alone constitutes the seventh skid; The first skid, the second skid and the third skid enter and exit through the bottom track through the left head; the fourth skid is lifted out through the first vertical flange; the sixth skid is lifted out through the second vertical flange, and at the same time, the fifth skid is lifted out through the second vertical flange after the sixth skid is lifted out; the seventh skid enters and exits through the right head.

2. The super-large horizontal cold box according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each temperature unit is divided into several skids according to the size of the volume, and the multiple skids are arranged in the cold box cylinder along the axis of the cold box cylinder.

3. The super-large horizontal cold box according to claim 2, characterized in that: The volume of the first low-temperature heat exchanger is larger than that of the second low-temperature heat exchanger.

4. The super-large horizontal cold box according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fourth skid is detachably mounted on the first vertical flange.

5. The super-large horizontal cold box according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sixth skid is detachably mounted on the second vertical flange.

6. The ultra-large horizontal cold box according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to below 80K, the second temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 80K-20K, the third temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 20K-5K, and the fourth temperature zone unit can reduce the temperature of the raw gas to 5K-4.5K.

7. The super-large horizontal cold box according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a manhole opened on the side wall of the cold box cylinder.

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