Method for cleaning and crushing electrolytic aluminium stubs

Abstract

The application relates to the field of environmental protection and resource recycling technology, and discloses an electrolytic aluminum residual anode cleaning and crushing method, which comprises the following steps: recycling classification according to the degree of electrolytic aluminum residual anode; sequentially entering a pre-crushing treatment system according to the degree of electrolytic aluminum residual anode; entering three different cleaning procedures, A, B and C, according to the degree of electrolytic aluminum residual anode; after first-stage cleaning, entering an intelligent automatic cleaning system for secondary cleaning; after cleaning, entering a crushing system to apply special cleaning equipment for final crushing of residual anodes, the content of trace elements is effectively reduced, the harm to the working condition of electrolytic cells is reduced, and the quality and safety of electrolytic aluminum production are improved; in general, the classification treatment route designed according to the different degrees of residual anodes achieves the beneficial effects of improving resource recovery rate, ensuring product quality, improving production efficiency and environmental protection, and also promotes the enhancement of the economic benefits and environmental sustainability of electrolytic aluminum production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of environmental protection and resource recycling technology, specifically a method for cleaning and crushing residual aluminum electrodes. Background Technology

[0002] Electrolytic aluminum production is an industrial activity involving electrochemical processes, in which the anode, as a crucial component of the electrolytic cell, participates in the conduction of current and chemical reactions. After the anodic electrolysis cycle is completed, a residue remains on the anode; this residue is called the anode remnant.

[0003] The cleaning and crushing of electrolytic aluminum anode residues is a multi-faceted process involving various technologies. Its main purpose is to process used electrolytic aluminum anode fragments to recover valuable substances and reduce environmental pollution. This process includes not only physical crushing and separation but also chemical treatment and environmental protection. The cleaning process generates a large amount of dust, which can pollute the environment if dust control measures are inadequate. Furthermore, traditional cleaning processes rely on manual operation, which not only easily causes burns and injuries to workers but also involves high labor intensity, posing a threat to their health. Manual cleaning is also relatively inefficient, limiting processing speed and affecting overall production efficiency. Although the carbon and electrolyte in electrolytic aluminum anode residues can be recycled, effectively separating these components remains a technical challenge.

[0004] In summary, to overcome these shortcomings, technological innovation and process improvement can enhance safety, efficiency, and environmental performance, thereby reducing negative impacts on workers and the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for cleaning and crushing residual electrodes of electrolytic aluminum, which has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, having high production efficiency, and being highly safe, thus solving the problems of environmental pollution, health hazards to workers, and reduced production efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: the cleaning and crushing method includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Classification: Recycle and classify aluminum according to the degree of residual electrode residue.

[0008] Step 2, Pre-crushing treatment: The aluminum electrodes are processed in sequence according to their residual state in the electrolytic aluminum process.

[0009] Step 3, Primary Cleaning: Depending on the degree of residual electrolytic aluminum, proceed to one of three different cleaning procedures: A, B, or C.

[0010] Step 4, Secondary Cleaning: After the primary cleaning, the system will perform a secondary cleaning using the intelligent automatic cleaning system.

[0011] Step 5, Final Crushing: After cleaning, the sample enters the crushing system for final crushing.

[0012] Preferably, in step one, the recycled aluminum electrode residue is classified into three categories:

[0013] (1) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode degree of 1%–40%;

[0014] (2) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of 40%–80%;

[0015] (3) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode degree of 80% or more.

[0016] Preferably, in the pre-crushing treatment system of step two, the electrolytic aluminum residues are processed in the order of (1), (2), and (3) according to their degree of damage, and the electrolyte attached to the residues is struck by an impact hammer.

[0017] Preferably, in the pre-crushing system of step two, the speed and force of the impact hammer in the pre-crushing system are adjusted according to the degree of residual electrolytic aluminum. For electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of 1% to 40%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 50N, with a 15-second interval between each strike; for electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of 40% to 80%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 60N, with a 10-second interval between each strike; for electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of more than 80%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 65N, with a 6-second interval between each strike.

[0018] Preferably, the equipment comprising the three cleaning procedures A, B, and C in step three includes:

[0019] A: Install a vibration unit;

[0020] B: Install a pneumatic hammer system;

[0021] C: Install pneumatic pick cleaning kit.

[0022] Preferably, in the first-level cleaning system of step three, the three cleaning procedures A, B, and C are set in the order of A, B, and C, and the electrolytic aluminum residues will go through different processing routes depending on their degree.

[0023] Preferably, the electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of 1%-40% enters the A+B route after primary crushing; the electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of 40%-80% enters the A+C route; and the electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of more than 80% enters the A+B+C route.

[0024] Preferably, in step four: the three types of electrolytic aluminum residues from the primary cleaning system in step three enter the secondary cleaning system together.

[0025] Preferably, in step four: the three types of electrolytic aluminum residues from the primary cleaning system in step three enter the secondary cleaning system together.

[0026] Preferably, the dust removal system is activated throughout step five, and the three-step crushing process is as follows:

[0027] S2.1 Crushing: The electrolytic aluminum residue is initially crushed in a hammer crusher;

[0028] S2.2 Crushing: The residue from the initial crushing is fed into a jaw crusher;

[0029] S2.3 Deep Crushing: After crushing, the residue enters an impact crusher for deep crushing.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cleaning and crushing electrolytic aluminum electrode residues, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention recycles electrolytic aluminum residues in step one and classifies them into three categories. The classification and recycling of electrolytic aluminum residues has several advantages: Optimized processing flow: Different residue levels require different processing steps. For example, electrolytic aluminum residues with a residue level of over 80% require multiple cleaning and processing steps, while those with a residue level of 1%–40% require only minimal cleaning and processing. Classification optimizes the processing flow based on the characteristics of each type of residue, shortening processing time and improving efficiency. Classified recycling reduces unnecessary processing steps, avoids over-processing of high-value residues, and reduces environmental pollution. In the electrolytic aluminum production process, improper handling of the electrolyte in the residues can pollute the environment. Classified recycling ensures that pollutants are properly treated, reducing environmental impact and lowering production costs. This achieves the beneficial effects of optimizing the production process, reducing production costs, protecting the environment, and improving product quality.

[0032] 2. This invention classifies and processes aluminum anodes according to their degree of residual electrode residue through different cleaning procedures, namely A+B, A+C, and A+B+C routes. The specific steps and their benefits are as follows: Increased carbon anode lifespan: For electrolytic aluminum anodes with a residual electrode residue of 1%–40%, primary crushing followed by A+B route processing helps extend the carbon anode lifespan; Reduced anode carbon block consumption per ton of aluminum: For electrolytic aluminum anodes with a residual electrode residue of 40%–80%, A+C route processing reduces anode carbon block consumption, thereby lowering costs; Improved current efficiency: For electrolytic aluminum anodes with a residual electrode residue of over 80%, A+B+C route processing helps improve the current efficiency of the electrolytic cell, further enhancing production efficiency; Electrolyte removal: The main purpose of anode residue treatment is to remove the electrolyte from the anode residue to facilitate carbon recycling. The process of treating residual electrodes and electrolytes allows for the separate sale of these two materials, thereby improving economic efficiency. It also ensures product quality: effective cleaning techniques guarantee the performance and quality of the anode carbon after the residual electrodes are crushed and reused, which is crucial for electrolytic aluminum production. Furthermore, it reduces environmental pollution: proper handling of residual electrodes reduces environmental pollution, especially in areas with excessive fluoride levels, and strict control over the construction of electrolytic aluminum projects is essential for ecological protection. Finally, it reduces trace element content: the application of specialized residual electrode cleaning equipment effectively reduces the content of trace elements, minimizing harm to the electrolytic cell's operation and improving the quality and safety of electrolytic aluminum production. In summary, this classification and treatment approach, designed according to the degree of residual electrode residue, achieves the beneficial effects of improving resource recovery rates, ensuring product quality, increasing production efficiency, and protecting the environment, while also promoting the enhanced economic benefits and environmental sustainability of electrolytic aluminum production.

[0033] 3. The benefits of this invention through the three crushing stages described in step five: Primary crushing: In this stage, the electrolytic aluminum residue is first fed into a hammer crusher. The hammer crusher uses its high-speed rotating hammers to strike the residue, achieving primary crushing. The purpose of this step is to break the large pieces of residue into smaller pieces for subsequent processing. The residue after primary crushing is then fed into a jaw crusher. The jaw crusher applies pressure to the material through its two relatively moving jaw plates, achieving further crushing. The purpose of this step is to reduce the particle size of the material, preparing for deep crushing. The crushed residue finally enters... Impact crushers perform deep crushing by using the impact between a high-speed rotating rotor and fixed impact plates to deeply crush materials, aiming to achieve the desired final particle size. Throughout the crushing process, the dust removal system ensures a clean working environment and the health and safety of operators. The system effectively collects and treats dust generated during crushing, preventing its spread into the environment. Through these measures and the optimized crushing process, the processing of electrolytic aluminum residues achieves the beneficial effects of improved crushing efficiency, reduced production costs, and ensured product quality and work safety. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the cleaning and crushing method of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 The cleaning and crushing method includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Classification: Recycle and classify aluminum according to the degree of residual electrode residue.

[0038] Step 2, Pre-crushing treatment: The aluminum electrodes are processed in sequence according to their residual state in the electrolytic aluminum process.

[0039] Step 3, Primary Cleaning: Depending on the degree of residual electrolytic aluminum, proceed to one of three different cleaning procedures: A, B, or C.

[0040] Step 4, Secondary Cleaning: After the primary cleaning, the system will perform a secondary cleaning using the intelligent automatic cleaning system.

[0041] Step 5, Final Crushing: After cleaning, the sample enters the crushing system for final crushing.

[0042] Specifically, in step one, the residual electrolytic aluminum electrodes are recycled and classified into three categories:

[0043] (1) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode degree of 1%–40%;

[0044] (2) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of 40%–80%;

[0045] (3) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode degree of 80% or more.

[0046] Specifically, in the pre-crushing treatment system of step two, the electrolytic aluminum residues are processed in the order of (1), (2), and (3) according to their degree of damage, and the electrolyte attached to the residues is struck by an impact hammer.

[0047] Specifically, in the pre-crushing system of step two, the speed and force of the impact hammer in the pre-crushing system are adjusted according to the degree of residual electrolytic aluminum. For electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of 1% to 40%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 50N, with a 15-second interval between each strike; for electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of 40% to 80%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 60N, with a 10-second interval between each strike; and for electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of more than 80%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 65N, with a 6-second interval between each strike.

[0048] Specifically, this invention recycles electrolytic aluminum residues in step one and classifies them into three categories. The classification and recycling of electrolytic aluminum residues has several advantages: Optimized processing flow: Different residue levels require different processing steps. For example, electrolytic aluminum residues with a residue level of over 80% require multiple cleaning and processing steps, while those with a residue level of 1%–40% require only minimal cleaning and processing. Classification optimizes the processing flow based on the characteristics of each type of residue, shortening processing time and improving efficiency. Classified recycling reduces unnecessary processing steps, avoids over-processing of high-value residues, and reduces environmental pollution. In the electrolytic aluminum production process, improper handling of the electrolyte in the residues can pollute the environment; classified recycling ensures that pollutants are properly treated, reducing environmental impact and thus lowering production costs. This achieves the beneficial effects of optimizing the production process, reducing production costs, protecting the environment, and improving product quality.

[0049] Preferably, the equipment comprising the three cleaning procedures A, B, and C in step three includes:

[0050] A: Install a vibration unit;

[0051] B: Install a pneumatic hammer system;

[0052] C: Install pneumatic pick cleaning kit.

[0053] Specifically, in the first-level cleaning system of step three, the three cleaning procedures A, B, and C are set in the order of A, B, and C. The electrolytic aluminum residue will go through different processing routes depending on its degree.

[0054] Specifically, the electrolytic aluminum residues with a residual electrode content of 1%–40% undergo primary crushing and enter the A+B route; the electrolytic aluminum residues with a residual electrode content of 40%–80% enter the A+C route; and the electrolytic aluminum residues with a residual electrode content of more than 80% enter the A+B+C route.

[0055] The advantages are that this invention classifies and processes aluminum anodes according to their degree of residual electrode material through different cleaning procedures, namely A+B, A+C, and A+B+C routes. The specific steps and their benefits are as follows: Increased carbon anode lifespan: For electrolytic aluminum anodes with a residual electrode material degree of 1%–40%, primary crushing followed by A+B route processing helps to extend the carbon anode lifespan; Reduced anode carbon block consumption per ton of aluminum: For electrolytic aluminum anodes with a residual electrode material degree of 40%–80%, A+C route processing reduces the consumption of anode carbon blocks, thereby lowering costs; Improved current efficiency: For electrolytic aluminum anodes with a residual electrode material degree of over 80%, A+B+C route processing helps to improve the current efficiency of the electrolytic cell, further enhancing production efficiency; Electrolyte removal: The main purpose of anode material treatment is to remove the electrolyte from the anode material for easy recycling. Carbon and electrolytes can be sold separately for profit, thereby improving economic efficiency; ensuring product quality: through effective cleaning technology, the performance and quality of anode carbon after the residual electrode is crushed and reprocessed can be guaranteed, which is crucial for electrolytic aluminum production; reducing environmental pollution: proper handling of residual electrodes can reduce environmental pollution, especially in areas with excessive fluoride levels, and strict control over the construction of electrolytic aluminum projects is necessary to protect the ecological environment; reducing trace element content: the application of specialized residual electrode cleaning equipment effectively reduces the content of trace elements, reduces harm to the working condition of the electrolytic cell, and improves the quality and safety of electrolytic aluminum production; in summary, this classification and treatment route designed according to the degree of residual electrode achieves the beneficial effects of improving resource recovery rate, ensuring product quality, improving production efficiency, and protecting the environment, while also promoting the enhancement of economic benefits and environmental sustainability in electrolytic aluminum production.

[0056] Specifically, in step four: the three types of electrolytic aluminum residues from the primary cleaning system in step three enter the secondary cleaning system together.

[0057] Specifically, in step four: the three types of electrolytic aluminum residues from the primary cleaning system in step three enter the secondary cleaning system together.

[0058] Specifically, in step five, the dust removal system is activated throughout the entire process, and the three-step crushing process is as follows:

[0059] S2.1 Crushing: The electrolytic aluminum residue is initially crushed in a hammer crusher;

[0060] S2.2 Crushing: The residue from the initial crushing is fed into a jaw crusher;

[0061] S2.3 Deep Crushing: After crushing, the residue enters an impact crusher for deep crushing.

[0062] The advantages of this invention are the benefits brought by the three crushing stages described in step five: Primary crushing: In this stage, the electrolytic aluminum residue is first fed into a hammer crusher. The hammer crusher uses its high-speed rotating hammers to strike the residue, achieving primary crushing. The purpose of this step is to break large pieces of residue into smaller pieces for subsequent processing. The residue after primary crushing is then fed into a jaw crusher. The jaw crusher applies pressure to the material through its two relatively moving jaw plates, achieving further crushing. The purpose of this step is to reduce the particle size of the material, preparing for deep crushing. The crushed residue is finally fed into... The material is deeply crushed using an impact crusher. The impact crusher uses the impact between a high-speed rotating rotor and a fixed impact plate to deeply crush the material, aiming to achieve the desired final particle size. Throughout the crushing process, the dust removal system ensures a clean working environment and the health and safety of operators. The dust removal system effectively collects and treats the dust generated during crushing, preventing it from spreading into the environment. Through these measures and the optimized crushing process, the processing of electrolytic aluminum residues achieves the beneficial effects of improving crushing efficiency, reducing production costs, and ensuring product quality and work safety.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cleaning and crushing residual electrodes of electrolytic aluminum, characterized in that, The cleaning and crushing method includes the following steps: Step 1: Classification: Recycle and classify aluminum according to the degree of residual electrode residue. Step 2, Pre-crushing treatment: The aluminum electrodes are processed in sequence according to their residual state in the electrolytic aluminum process. Step 3, Primary Cleaning: Depending on the degree of residual electrolytic aluminum, proceed to one of three different cleaning procedures: A, B, or C. Step 4, Secondary Cleaning: After the primary cleaning, the system will perform a secondary cleaning using the intelligent automatic cleaning system. Step 5, Final Crushing: After cleaning, the sample enters the crushing system for final crushing; Step one involves recycling electrolytic aluminum residue and classifying it into three categories: (1) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode degree of 1%–40%; (2) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of 40%–80%; (3) Electrolytic aluminum residue with a residual electrode content of 80% or more; In the pre-crushing treatment system in step two, the electrolytic aluminum residues are processed in the order of (1), (2), and (3) according to their degree of damage, and the electrolyte attached to the residues is struck by an impact hammer. In the pre-crushing system of step two, the speed and force of the impact hammer in the pre-crushing system are adjusted according to the degree of residual electrolytic aluminum. For electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of 1%-40%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 50N, with a 15-second interval between each strike; for electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of 40%-80%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 60N, with a 10-second interval between each strike; for electrolytic aluminum residual electrodes with a residual degree of more than 80%, the impact hammer strikes with a force of 65N, with a 6-second interval between each strike. The equipment used in the three cleaning procedures A, B, and C in step three: A: Install a vibration unit; B: Install a pneumatic hammer system; C: Install pneumatic pick cleaning kit; In the first-level cleaning system of step three, the three cleaning procedures A, B, and C are set in the order of A, B, and C. The electrolytic aluminum residue will go through different processing routes depending on its degree. Electrolytic aluminum residues with a residual electrode content of 1%–40% are subjected to primary crushing and enter the A+B route; electrolytic aluminum residues with a residual electrode content of 40%–80% enter the A+C route; and electrolytic aluminum residues with a residual electrode content of more than 80% enter the A+B+C route. Step four: The three types of electrolytic aluminum residues from the primary cleaning system in step three enter the secondary cleaning system together; The intelligent automatic cleaning system in step four consists of a chain blowing unit, a dust removal system, a compression system, and a computer network, all connected together. Its operation process is as follows: S1.1 Press the start button, and the electrolytic aluminum residue will be conveyed into two rows of rotating devices driven by motors. The rotating chain will clean the fine electrolyte between the residue surface and the steel fork. S1.

2. Turn on the dust removal system and simultaneously start the compression system to use compressed air to blow away the residual electrode. The compressed air will thoroughly clean the surface dust and residual electrolyte. S1.3 After the cleaning process is completed, increase the dust removal time and perform empty sweeping for 1 hour; The dust removal system is activated throughout the entire process in step five, and its three-step crushing process is as follows: S2.1 Crushing: The electrolytic aluminum residue is initially crushed in a hammer crusher; S2.2 Crushing: The residue from the initial crushing is fed into a jaw crusher; S2.3 Deep Crushing: After crushing, the residue enters an impact crusher for deep crushing.

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