A method for efficient mining of steeply inclined ore bodies

Abstract

The application discloses a method for efficient mining of steeply inclined ore body and combined section, which combines the bottom mine chamber (12) and the upper mine chamber (15) of two middle sections in the same area in the vertical direction of the ore body, arranges upward fan-shaped holes (10) in the bottom rock drilling roadway (9) under the bottom mine chamber (12), arranges the vertical downward large holes (14) of the upper mine chamber in the top rock drilling chamber (16) on the top of the upper mine chamber (15), uses the bottom collection ditch (7) and the ore drawing connecting roadway (8) of the bottom mine chamber (12), adopts trackless equipment to concentrate and strengthen ore drawing in the ore drawing connecting roadway (8), and uses the remote control shovel-truck to draw the residual ore body in the bottom collection ditch (7). The method can combine multiple middle sections in the mining area, greatly reduce the mining and preparation engineering of the mine, improve the production capacity of a single stope, improve the ore recovery rate, reduce the loss of ore resources, prolong the service life of the mine, reduce the cost per ton of ore, and increase the enterprise benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of underground mining technology, and specifically relates to a method for efficiently mining a steeply inclined ore body. The method can be widely used in the underground mining process of steeply inclined ore bodies of metals and non-ferrous metals such as metallurgy and nonferrous metals. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of mining technology and mechanized mining equipment, the original design adopts the open-field subsequent filling method. The mines with a middle section height of 40 to 50 meters have failed to meet the requirements of modern mining intelligent and efficient mining in terms of stope scale, mining-cutting ratio, mining depletion, losses and mining costs. Multi-middle section coordinated and combined mining is the inevitable development direction for existing large-scale mines to achieve low-cost and efficient recovery of ore bodies.

[0003] When a mine uses the open-stop and subsequent fill method to mine an ore body, the original stope height is limited by rock drilling, mining equipment, and existing development projects. Mining structures, including receiving tunnels and access roads, must be laid at the bottom of each intermediate section, with 5-10 meter roof pillars at the top. This increases drilling, transportation, and mining preparation work, as well as ore loss from the roof and bottom pillars. This is particularly true for steeply inclined, thick ore bodies that require high stope production capacity and require simultaneous mining in multiple intermediate sections. Combined mining involves combining two existing 40-50 meter intermediate sections into a single 80-100 meter high stope, thereby reducing the need for bottom-collecting trenches, roof pillars, and corresponding mining preparation work within a single stope. Currently, no existing technical solutions address the technical solutions and safety requirements for efficient combined mining in underground mines.

[0004] To improve the mining efficiency of steeply inclined ore bodies, reduce mining costs, and increase resource recovery rates, Chinese patent application CN201510248074.1 discloses a method for continuous open-pit mining of medium-thick steeply inclined ore bodies. The method includes the following steps: dividing the mining area and the mining units within the mining area; determining the overall mining sequence of the mining area; generally arranging the mining preparation engineering for the mining area; cutting and strengthening the mining units; establishing a safe mining environment for the recovery of temporary pillars; and recovering the temporary pillars in steps. This mining method achieves safe, efficient, and low-cost mining of the ore body. It adopts a zoning and phased mining method, first using a sub-level open-pit mining area to recover the mine room. After establishing a safe mining environment, the pillars within the mining area are then recovered. This achieves continuous mining within the area. It can be applied in mines where surface subsidence is allowed and non-cemented filling is required. It is particularly suitable for deep mining of medium-thick steeply inclined ore bodies, enabling continuous mining. However, this mining method does not reduce the amount of mining preparation engineering, cannot meet the requirements of modern mining for intelligent, efficient, and mechanized mining, and can cause surface subsidence, causing significant harm to the surface environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application aims at the technical problems of large amount of preparation engineering, low recovery rate, not meeting the requirements of modern mining wisdom efficient mining and surface subsidence in the prior art, and provides a method for efficient mining of steeply inclined ore body parallel section.

[0006] To achieve the above object of the present application, the method for efficient mining of steeply inclined ore body parallel section adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] The method for efficient mining of steeply inclined ore body parallel section, the upper middle section rock drilling chamber is arranged between the bottom ore room and the upper ore room, the upper middle section lower panel along-vein transportation roadway is communicated with the right end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber, and the upper middle section upper panel along-vein transportation roadway is communicated with the left end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber; the bottom rock drilling roadway is located at the lower part of the bottom ore room, the lower middle section lower panel along-vein transportation roadway is communicated with the right end of the bottom rock drilling roadway, and the lower middle section upper panel along-vein transportation roadway is communicated with the left end of the bottom rock drilling roadway; the ore drawing connecting roadway is arranged at intervals and communicated with the bottom rock drilling roadway; the top pillar is arranged at the top of the upper ore room, the top rock drilling chamber is arranged between the top pillar and the upper ore room, the rock drilling chamber lower panel along-vein transportation roadway is communicated with the right end of the top rock drilling chamber, and the rock drilling chamber upper panel along-vein transportation roadway is communicated with the left end of the top rock drilling chamber; the method is characterized in that the following steps are adopted:

[0008] 1) According to the surrounding rock strength and the formed middle section, the stability of the goaf after parallel section is calculated and analyzed to ensure the stability of the goaf; according to the calculation and analysis results, the middle section is parallel sectioned, the bottom ore room and the upper ore room of two middle sections in the same region in the vertical direction are parallel sectioned, and the height of the stope after parallel section is 80-100 m;

[0009] 2) The upward fan-shaped hole is arranged in the bottom rock drilling roadway at the lower part of the bottom ore room, and the bottom ore room vertical downward large hole is arranged in the upper middle section rock drilling chamber at the upper part of the bottom ore room as the main blasting hole of the bottom ore room after the upward fan-shaped hole blasting forms the bottom collection ditch;

[0010] 3) The upper ore room vertical downward large hole is arranged in the top rock drilling chamber at the top of the upper ore room as the main blasting hole of the upper ore room;

[0011] 4) To ensure the stability of the stope and prevent the impact of production blasting on the safety of adjacent stopes, retaining pillars are set up on both sides of the stope in the blasting area; during the ore recovery process, the bottom chamber is blasted first, and only 10% to 20% of the volume of the ore in the bottom chamber is discharged to reserve compensation space for the top chamber; after the blasting of the bottom chamber is completed, the ore in the upper chamber is blasted; during the blasting of the ore in the upper chamber, the amount of ore discharged each time is 10% to 20% of the volume of the blasting area, which on the one hand provides compensation space for the subsequent vertical downward large-hole blasting of the upper chamber, and on the other hand, the loose ore supports the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the exposed area of ​​the chamber during the recovery process;

[0012] 5) After all the ores have collapsed, the bottom mining room’s bottom collecting ore trench and mining joint tunnel are used to use trackless equipment to concentrate and strengthen the ore discharge in the mining joint tunnel of the two mining rooms after the merging; the residual ore body in the bottom collecting ore trench is discharged by remote-controlled scraper. All the ores are discharged within 2 months. After the ore is discharged, the mining area is immediately closed and filled to form a filling body, so as to achieve strong mining and filling in the mining room after the merging and reduce the exposure time of the empty area.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper middle section rock drilling chambers are arranged in parallel with each other; in order to ensure the stability of the rock drilling chambers, spacers are left between adjacent upper middle section rock drilling chambers, and the thickness of the spacers is 2 to 5 meters.

[0014] Similarly, the top rock drilling chambers are also arranged in parallel, and spacers are left between adjacent top rock drilling chambers, with a thickness of 2 to 5 meters.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 2), the depth of the upward fan-shaped holes is preferably in the range of 15 to 20 m; the depth of the vertical downward large holes in the bottom chamber is preferably in the range of 30 to 40 m.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 3), the vertical downward large hole in the upper mining room is generally 30 to 50 meters deep.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 4), the thickness of the retaining pillar is preferably 1.5 to 3.5 m, preferably 1.8 to 2.5 m.

[0018] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to realize the efficient mining of multiple middle sections of steeply inclined ore bodies, and achieves significant economic benefits. The positive effects are as follows:

[0019] (1) The present invention can merge multiple middle sections within a mining area, which can significantly reduce the mining and preparation work, improve the production capacity of a single stope, increase the recovery rate of ore, reduce the loss of ore resources, extend the service life of the mine, reduce the cost per ton of ore, and increase the efficiency of the enterprise.

[0020] (2) After the mining is carried out in sections, the method of the present invention reduces the number of ore pillars at the bottom mine room in the lower middle section and the ore pillars at the upper mine room, thereby realizing the recovery of the ore pillars at the bottom mine room in the lower middle section and the ore pillars at the upper mine room, thereby greatly improving the resource recovery rate.

[0021] (3) After the mining is carried out in sections by the method of the present invention, the mining preparation works such as the bottom mining tunnel and the mining trench of the upper middle section of the upper mine room are reduced, the ore recovery efficiency is improved, and the production cost of the mine is greatly reduced.

[0022] (4) In addition, the method of the present invention can effectively reduce the number of mine sites, reduce dangerous working faces, and improve the inherent safety of the mine.

[0023] (5) Experimental research statistics show that after the method of the present invention is used for mining in sections, it can reduce the mining and approval work by 35% to 40%, improve the resource recovery rate by 12% to 15%, reduce the number of mining sites by about one third, and extend the service life of the mine by 1 to 2 years. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A diagram of the vertical ore body strike and section alignment and blasthole arrangement structure within the mining area designed for the method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A structural diagram of the bottom mining project layout for the vertical ore body strike in the mining area designed for the method of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 A plan view of the layout of a vertical ore body drilling chamber within a mining area designed for the method of the present invention.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-vein transport tunnel in the lower middle section; 2-vein transport tunnel in the upper middle section; 3-vein transport tunnel in the lower middle section; 4-vein transport tunnel in the upper middle section; 5-vein transport tunnel in the lower wall of the drilling chamber; 6-vein transport tunnel in the upper wall of the drilling chamber; 7-bottom collection trench; 8-mine exit tunnel; 9-bottom drilling tunnel; 10-upward fan-shaped hole; 11-vertical downward large hole in the bottom mine room; 12-bottom mine room; 13-upper middle section drilling chamber; 14-vertical downward large hole in the upper mine room; 15-upper mine room; 16-top drilling chamber; 17-roof protection pillar; 18-ore body boundary line; 19-filling body; 20-pillar; 21-wall protection pillar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To better describe the present invention, a method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Depend on Figure 1The vertical ore body strike and section post-mining engineering and blasthole arrangement structure diagram designed by the present invention are combined with Figure 2 、 Figure 3 It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present invention, an upper middle section rock drilling chamber 13 is provided between the bottom chamber 12 and the upper chamber 15, the upper middle section rock drilling chambers 13 are arranged in parallel, and pillars 20 are left between adjacent upper middle section rock drilling chambers 13, and the thickness of the pillars 20 is 2 to 5 m; the upper middle section footwall along-vein transport tunnel 3 is connected to the right end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber 13, and the upper middle section hanging wall along-vein transport tunnel 4 is connected to the left end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber 13; the bottom rock drilling tunnel 9 is located at the lower part of the bottom chamber 12, the lower middle section footwall along-vein transport tunnel 1 is connected to the right end of the bottom rock drilling tunnel 9, and the lower middle section hanging wall along-vein transport tunnel 1 is connected to the left end of the bottom rock drilling tunnel 9. The tunnel 2 is connected to the left end of the bottom drilling tunnel 9; the mining tunnel 8 is set at intervals and connected to the bottom drilling tunnel 9; a top protection pillar 17 is provided on the top of the upper mine room 15, and the top drilling chambers 16 are parallel to each other and located between the top protection pillar 17 and the upper mine room 15. Between adjacent top drilling chambers 16, there are spacers 20, each 2 to 5 meters thick; the drilling chamber footwall along-vein transport tunnel 5 is connected to the right end of the top drilling chamber 16, and the drilling chamber upper wall along-vein transport tunnel 6 is connected to the left end of the top drilling chamber 16; the bottom drilling tunnel 9 and the upper middle section drilling chamber 13 both pass through the ore body boundary line 18. The following steps are implemented:

[0030] 1) Based on the surrounding rock strength and the formed middle section, the stability of the goaf after merging is calculated and analyzed to ensure the stability of the goaf. Based on the calculation and analysis results, the bottom mine room 12 and the upper mine room 15 of the two middle sections in the same area in the vertical direction of the ore body are merged. The height of the stope after merging is 80-100m;

[0031] 2) Arrange upward fan-shaped holes 10 in the bottom drilling tunnel 9 below the bottom mine room 12. The depth of the upward fan-shaped holes 10 is in the range of 15 to 20 meters. After blasting, the upward fan-shaped holes 10 form a bottom collection trench 7. Arrange vertical downward large holes 11 in the upper part of the bottom mine room 12 using the upper middle drilling chamber 13. The depth of the vertical downward large holes 11 in the bottom mine room is 30 to 40 meters. The vertical downward large holes 11 in the bottom mine room serve as the main blasting holes in the bottom mine room 12.

[0032] 3) Arranging a vertical downward large hole 14 of the upper mine room in the top rock drilling chamber 16 located at the top of the upper mine room 15 as the main blasting hole of the upper mine room 15; the hole depth of the vertical downward large hole 14 of the upper mine room is 30 to 50 meters;

[0033] 4) Protective wall pillars 21 are left on both sides of the stope in the blasting area. The thickness of the protective wall pillars 21 is 1.5 to 3.5 meters. During the ore recovery process, the bottom chamber 12 is blasted first, and only 10% to 20% of the volume of the ore in the bottom chamber 12 is discharged to leave compensation space for the top chamber 15. After the blasting of the bottom chamber 12 is completed, the ore in the upper chamber 15 is blasted. During the blasting of the ore in the upper chamber 15, the ore output each time is 10% to 20% of the volume of the blasting area.

[0034] 5) After all the ores have collapsed, the bottom mining room 12 is used to pull the bottom collection ditch 7 and the mining tunnel 8, and the ore in the two mining rooms after the section is merged is concentrated and strengthened in the mining tunnel 8 using trackless equipment; the residual ore body in the bottom collection ditch 7 is mined by a remote-controlled scraper. All the ores are mined within 2 months. After the ore is mined, the mining area is immediately closed and filled to form a filling body 19, so that the mining room after the section is merged can be mined and filled, reducing the exposure time of the empty area.

[0035] The present invention can merge multiple middle sections within a mining area, which can significantly reduce mine preparation projects, improve the production capacity of a single stope, increase the ore recovery rate, reduce the loss of ore resources, extend the service life of the mine, reduce the cost per ton of ore, and increase corporate benefits; in addition, the present invention can effectively reduce the number of stopes in the mine, reduce dangerous working faces, and improve the inherent safety of the mine.

[0036] A method for efficiently mining steeply inclined ore bodies in parallel sections has been successfully applied to a certain iron mine. According to statistics, the use of this method can reduce mining and approval work by 38%, improve resource recovery by 13%, reduce the number of mine sites by 32%, generate economic benefits exceeding 50 million yuan per year, and extend the mine's service life by 1-2 years. This method enables efficient mining after the parallelization of multiple intermediate ore bodies, significantly reducing the mine's production costs.

[0037] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", "top / bottom" and the like in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient mining of steeply inclined ore bodies in parallel sections, wherein an upper middle section rock drilling chamber (13) is provided between a bottom ore room (12) and an upper ore room (15), an upper middle section footwall along-vein transport lane (3) is connected to the right end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber (13), and an upper middle section hanging wall along-vein transport lane (4) is connected to the left end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber (13); a bottom rock drilling lane (9) is located below the bottom ore room (12), a lower middle section footwall along-vein transport lane (1) is connected to the right end of the bottom rock drilling lane (9), and a lower middle section hanging wall along-vein transport lane (4) is connected to the left end of the upper middle section rock drilling chamber (13). The upper wall of the section is connected to the left end of the bottom rock drilling tunnel (9); the ore-exporting tunnel (8) is arranged at intervals and is connected to the bottom rock drilling tunnel (9); a top ore pillar (17) is provided on the top of the upper mine room (15), the top rock drilling chamber (16) is located between the top ore pillar (17) and the upper mine room (15), the lower wall of the rock drilling chamber is connected to the right end of the top rock drilling chamber (16), and the upper wall of the rock drilling chamber is connected to the left end of the top rock drilling chamber (16); it is characterized in that Use the following steps to implement: 1) Based on the surrounding rock strength and the formed middle section, the stability of the goaf after merging is calculated and analyzed to ensure the stability of the goaf; based on the calculation and analysis results, the middle section is merged, and the bottom mine room (12) and the upper mine room (15) of the two middle sections in the same area in the vertical direction of the ore body are merged. The height of the stope after merging is 80 to 100 meters; 2) Arranging an upward fan-shaped hole (10) in the bottom rock drilling tunnel (9) below the bottom mine room (12), forming a bottom ore collection trench (7) after blasting the upward fan-shaped hole (10), and arranging a vertical downward large hole (11) of the bottom mine room (12) in the upper middle rock drilling chamber (13) above the bottom mine room (12) as the main blasting hole of the bottom mine room (12); 3) Arranging a vertical downward large hole (14) of the upper mine room in the top rock drilling chamber (16) located at the top of the upper mine room (15) as the main blasting hole of the upper mine room (15); 4) retaining wall pillars (21) on both sides of the blasting area; during the ore recovery process, the bottom chamber (12) is first blasted, and only 10% to 20% of the volume of the ore in the bottom chamber (12) is removed to leave compensation space for the upper chamber (15); after the blasting of the bottom chamber (12) is completed, the ore in the upper chamber (15) is blasted; During the blasting process of the ore in the upper chamber (15), the amount of ore discharged each time is 10% to 20% of the volume of the blasting area; 5) After all the ore has collapsed, the bottom ore collection trench (7) and the ore discharging tunnel (8) of the bottom ore chamber (12) are used to concentrate and strengthen the ore discharging in the ore discharging tunnel (8) using trackless equipment; the residual ore body in the bottom ore collection trench (7) is ore-discharging using a remote-controlled scraper. After the ore is discharged, the stope is immediately closed and the closed stope is filled to form a filling body (19).

2. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body according to claim 1, wherein: The upper middle section rock drilling chambers (13) are arranged in parallel, and pillars (20) are left between adjacent upper middle section rock drilling chambers (13). The thickness of the pillars (20) is 2 to 5 meters.

3. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top rock drilling chambers (16) are arranged in parallel, and pillars (20) are left between adjacent top rock drilling chambers (16). The thickness of the pillars (20) is 2 to 5 meters.

4. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the depth of the upward fan-shaped hole (10) is in the range of 15 to 20 m.

5. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the bottom mine room has a vertically downward large hole (11) with a depth of 30 to 40 meters.

6. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the vertical downward large hole (14) of the upper mining room has a depth of 30 to 50 m.

7. A method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: In step 4), the thickness of the retaining wall pillar (21) is 1.5 to 3.5 m.

8. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 4), the thickness of the retaining wall pillar (21) is 1.8 to 2.5 m.

9. The method for efficient mining of a steeply inclined ore body in parallel sections according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top rock drilling chambers (16) are arranged in parallel, and pillars (20) are left between adjacent top rock drilling chambers (16), and the thickness of the pillars (20) is 2 to 5 meters; in step 2), the hole depth of the upward fan-shaped hole (10) is in the range of 15 to 20 meters, and the hole depth of the vertical downward large hole (11) of the bottom mine room is 30 to 40 meters; in step 3), the hole depth of the vertical downward large hole (14) of the upper mine room is 30 to 50 meters; in step 4), the thickness of the wall protection pillar (21) is 1.5 to 3.5 meters.

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