Absorption towers and CO2 capture systems

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of phase separation technology, and specifically to an absorption tower and a carbon dioxide capture system. The absorption tower includes an absorption tower body and a phase separation component. The absorption tower body has a first phase separation outlet and a second phase separation outlet, and the first phase separation outlet and the second phase separation outlet are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the absorption tower body. The phase separation component includes a collector and a guide pipe. The collector is arranged in the absorption tower body and is sealed to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body. The cross-sectional area of ​​the collector gradually decreases in the extension direction of the absorption tower body along the direction close to the second phase separation outlet. One end of the guide pipe is connected to the collector to guide the absorbent in the collector. The absorption tower of the embodiment of the present invention can phase the absorbent, reduce the absorbent that needs to be regenerated, and reduce the operating cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of phase separation technology, in particular to an absorption tower and a carbon dioxide capture system. Background Art

[0002] The chemical absorption method refers to the process of capturing carbon dioxide with an absorbent in an absorption tower and then circulating it to a regeneration tower for regeneration. Related technologies often use the method of circulating the rich liquid after the absorbent is loaded with carbon dioxide to a regeneration tower for heating and regeneration. Due to the high proportion of water in the absorbent, a large amount of energy is consumed to heat the water during the high-temperature decomposition of carbon dioxide, resulting in a large amount of heat required for the regeneration of the absorbent and a high regeneration cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides an absorption tower that can separate the absorbent into phases, thereby reducing the amount of absorbent that needs to be regenerated and lowering operating costs.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a carbon dioxide capture system.

[0005] The absorption tower of an embodiment of the present invention includes: an absorption tower body, the absorption tower body having a first phase-separation outlet and a second phase-separation outlet, the first phase-separation outlet and the second phase-separation outlet being arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the absorption tower body; a phase-separation component, the phase-separation component including a collector and a guide pipe, the collector being arranged in the absorption tower body, the collector being sealed and connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the collector gradually decreasing in the extension direction of the absorption tower body along the direction approaching the second phase-separation outlet, and one end of the guide pipe being connected to the collector to guide the absorbent in the collector.

[0006] The absorption tower according to the embodiment of the present invention can separate the absorbent into phases, thereby reducing the amount of absorbent that needs to be regenerated and lowering the operating cost.

[0007] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the flow guide tube is inclined to the extension direction of the absorption tower body, and the other end of the flow guide tube is adjacent to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body.

[0008] In some embodiments, there are multiple flow guide pipes, and the multiple flow guide pipes are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the absorption tower body.

[0009] In some embodiments, the absorption tower also includes an overflow portion, and the overflow portion includes an overflow plate and a bottom plate. The overflow plate is an arc-shaped plate, and both ends of the arc length of the arc plate are connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body to define an overflow chamber. One end of the bottom plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body, and the other end of the bottom plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped plate.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first phase separation outlet is communicated with the overflow chamber, and the first phase separation outlet is flush with an end surface of the bottom plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the overflow plate includes a first end and a second end arranged relative to each other in the extension direction of the absorption tower body, the other end of the guide tube is spaced apart from the first end of the overflow plate and the second end of the overflow plate, and the other end of the guide tube is arranged adjacent to the second end of the overflow plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the absorption tower body has an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the absorption tower body, and the air outlet is arranged symmetrically with the second phase separation outlet, and the air inlet is flush with one end of the collector.

[0013] In some embodiments, the absorption tower body has a liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet and the first phase separation outlet are spaced apart in the extension direction of the absorption tower body. The liquid inlet is used to introduce absorbent into the absorption tower body.

[0014] The carbon dioxide capture system of an embodiment of the present invention includes: an absorption tower, which is the absorption tower described in the above embodiment; and a regeneration tower, whose inlet is connected to the second phase separation outlet to regenerate the absorbent flowing out of the second phase separation outlet.

[0015] The carbon dioxide capture system according to the embodiment of the present invention can reduce operating costs.

[0016] In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture system further comprises a mixer having a first inlet, a second inlet and a mixing outlet, wherein the first inlet is connected to the first phase separation outlet, the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the regeneration tower, and the mixing outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals:

[0020] Absorption tower 100, regeneration tower 200, regeneration tower inlet 210, regeneration tower outlet 220,

[0021] Mixer 300, first inlet 310, second inlet 320, mixing outlet 330,

[0022] Absorption tower body 1, first phase separation outlet 11, second phase separation outlet 12, air inlet 13, air outlet 14, liquid inlet 15, first chamber 16, second chamber 17,

[0023] Phase separation component 2, collector 21, flow guide pipe 22,

[0024] Overflow portion 3 , overflow plate 31 , first end 311 , second end 312 , bottom plate 32 , overflow chamber 33 , opening 331 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0026] The absorption tower 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes an absorption tower body 1 and a phase separation component 2. The absorption tower body 1 has a first phase separation outlet 11 and a second phase separation outlet 12. The first phase separation outlet 11 and the second phase separation outlet 12 are arranged in the extension direction of the absorption tower body 1 (e.g., Figure 1 The phase separation assembly 2 includes a collector 21 and a flow guide 22. The collector 21 is arranged in the absorption tower body 1. The collector 21 is sealed with the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1. The cross-sectional area of ​​the collector 21 gradually decreases in the direction close to the second phase separation outlet 12 in the extension direction of the absorption tower body 1. One end of the flow guide 22 is connected to the collector 21 to guide the absorbent in the collector 21.

[0027] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the first phase-separation outlet 11 is located above the second phase-separation outlet 12, the first phase-separation outlet 11 is located on the side wall of the absorption tower body 1, the second phase-separation outlet 12 is located at the bottom of the absorption tower body 1, and the collector 21 is located above the first phase-separation outlet 11. The upper end of the collector 21 is sealed and connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1. The cross-sectional area of ​​the collector 21 gradually decreases in the up and down directions toward the lower end. The guide pipe 22 is connected to the lower end of the collector 21 to guide the absorbent collected in the collector 21 to the lower end of the collector 21.

[0028] The collector 21 divides the absorption tower body 1 into a first chamber 16 and a second chamber 17. The first chamber 16 is located above the second chamber 17. The first chamber 16 is used for absorption reaction, that is, the absorbent absorbs carbon dioxide in the first chamber 16. The collector 21 is used to collect the absorbent that has completed absorption and transfer the collected absorbent to the second chamber 17. The second chamber 17 is used for phase separation, that is, the absorbent that has completed absorption is phase-separated in the second chamber 17 and forms a first phase separation layer and a second phase separation layer. The first phase separation layer is a light phase flowing out from the first phase separation outlet 11, and the second phase separation layer is a heavy phase, and the second phase separation layer flows out from the second phase separation outlet 12.

[0029] For example, the absorbent in this embodiment is a two-phase solution. For two-phase absorbents with different formulations, the volume ratio of the first phase layer to the second phase layer is 2 / 3-3 / 2.

[0030] The absorption tower 100 of the embodiment of the present invention collects the absorbed absorbent by arranging a collector 21 with a cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom in the absorption tower body 1, thereby facilitating the uniform distribution of the absorbent, and transporting the absorbent to the bottom of the collector 21 through the guide pipe 22 for phase separation to form a first phase separation layer and a second phase separation layer. A first phase separation outlet 11 and a second phase separation outlet 12 are arranged at intervals in the upper and lower directions. The first phase separation layer is discharged through the first phase separation outlet 11 located above the second phase separation outlet 12, and the second phase separation layer is discharged through the second phase separation outlet 12, thereby realizing phase separation of the absorbent in the absorption tower 100, reducing the absorbent that needs to be regenerated, and reducing operating costs.

[0031] Furthermore, the absorption tower 100 in this embodiment phase-separates the absorbent so that the carbon dioxide is redistributed and further enriched in the absorbent. The carbon dioxide load in the first phase layer formed by phase separation is smaller, and the carbon dioxide load in the second phase layer is larger. Since the carbon dioxide load in the first phase layer and the second phase layer is different, the second phase layer enriched with carbon dioxide is transferred to the regeneration tower 200 for regeneration, thereby reducing the absorbent entering the regeneration tower 200, thereby reducing the participation of water in the high-temperature desorption process, thereby reducing regeneration energy consumption and reducing operating costs.

[0032] Furthermore, by arranging the phase separation component 2 in the absorption tower 100, this embodiment can enable the absorption tower 100 to achieve absorption and phase separation simultaneously, realize the integration of the absorption tower 100 and the phase separator, reduce the occupied area, and reduce the cost of the carbon dioxide capture system.

[0033] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the flow guide tube 22 is inclined to the extension direction of the absorption tower body 1 , and the other end of the flow guide tube 22 is adjacent to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1 .

[0034] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the upper end of the guide pipe 22 is connected to the side wall of the collector 21, and the guide pipe 22 is inclined toward the direction of the inner wall surface close to the absorption tower body 1. That is, the guide pipe 22 is inclined outward, which can increase the speed at which the absorbent in the collector 21 flows downward, thereby improving the outflow efficiency of the absorbent in the collector 21.

[0035] In some embodiments, there are multiple flow guide pipes 22 , and the multiple flow guide pipes 22 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the absorption tower body 1 .

[0036] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the arrangement of multiple flow tubes 22 allows the absorbent in the collector 21 to be distributed to multiple flow tubes 22 at the same time, thereby allowing the absorbent to flow out from the multiple flow tubes 22 evenly, reducing the disturbance of the absorbent flowing to the second chamber 17, and facilitating the phase separation of the absorbent in the second chamber 17.

[0037] Furthermore, the upper ends of the plurality of guide tubes 22 are simultaneously connected to the side walls of the collector 21 , so that the absorbent in the collector 21 can flow out smoothly under the action of gravity, thereby improving the guide efficiency.

[0038] In some embodiments, the absorption tower 100 also includes an overflow portion 3, the overflow portion 3 includes an overflow plate 31 and a bottom plate 32, the overflow plate 31 is an arc-shaped plate, and the arc-shaped plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1 at both ends of its arc length direction to define an overflow chamber 33, one end of the bottom plate 32 is connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1, and the other end of the bottom plate 32 is connected to the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped plate.

[0039] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the overflow plate 31 extends in the up-down direction, and the overflow plate 31 is sealedly connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1 at both ends in the arc length direction to form the wall surface of the overflow chamber 33. The bottom plate 32 extends in the radial direction of the absorption tower body 1, and the left end of the bottom plate 32 is sealedly connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body 1. The right end of the bottom plate 32 is sealedly connected to the lower left side of the overflow plate 31 to form the bottom surface of the overflow chamber 33. The upper end opening 331 of the overflow chamber 33 is arranged so that the absorbent in the second chamber 17 flows into the overflow chamber 33 when the height is higher than the upper end of the overflow plate 31. The arrangement of the overflow chamber 33 can separate the first phase separation layer and the second phase separation layer of the absorbent.

[0040] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the overflow plate 31 in the vertical direction are not limited. The dimensions of the overflow plate 31 in the vertical direction can be adjusted to adapt to the phase separation interface of different types of absorbents, so that the light phase in the absorbent can overflow from the second chamber 17 into the overflow chamber 33, thereby realizing the separation of the light phase and the heavy phase.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first phase-separation outlet 11 is communicated with the overflow chamber 33 , and the first phase-separation outlet 11 is flush with an end surface of the bottom plate 32 .

[0042] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the first phase separation outlet 11 is flush with the upper end surface of the bottom plate 32 , so that the absorbent entering the overflow chamber 33 through the upper end opening 331 of the overflow chamber 33 can all flow out through the first phase separation outlet 11 .

[0043] Furthermore, a pump and / or a valve may be provided to adjust the flow rate and flow rate of the absorbent flowing out of the first phase separation outlet 11 to achieve smooth discharge of the first phase separation layer.

[0044] In some embodiments, the overflow plate 31 includes a first end 311 and a second end 312 arranged relative to each other in the extension direction of the absorption tower body 1, the other end of the guide tube 22 is spaced apart from the first end 311 of the overflow plate 31 and the second end 312 of the overflow plate 31, and the other end of the guide tube 22 is arranged adjacent to the second end 312 of the overflow plate 31.

[0045] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the first end 311 of the overflow plate 31 is located above the second end 312 of the overflow plate 31, and the lower end of the guide pipe 22 is spaced apart from the first end 311 and the second end 312 of the overflow plate 31, and the lower end of the guide pipe 22 is lower than the midpoint of the first end 311 and the second end 312 of the overflow plate 31. By setting the lower end of the guide pipe 22 at the phase-separation interface between the first phase-separation layer and the second phase-separation layer, the disturbance of the absorbent flowing out of the lower end of the guide pipe 22 to the first phase-separation layer and the second phase-separation layer is reduced, thereby facilitating the phase separation of the first phase-separation layer and the second phase-separation layer, thereby improving the phase separation efficiency.

[0046] In some embodiments, the absorption tower body 1 has an air inlet 13 and an air outlet 14, which are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the absorption tower body 1, and the air outlet 14 is arranged symmetrically with the second phase separation outlet 12, and the air inlet 13 is flush with one end of the collector 21.

[0047] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the air inlet 13 is connected to the first chamber 16, the air inlet 13 is located at the lower left end of the first chamber 16, and the air inlet 13 is flush with the upper end surface of the collector 21, and the air outlet 14 is connected to the first chamber 16, the air outlet 14 is arranged at the upper end of the absorption tower body 1, and is symmetrically arranged with the second phase separation outlet 12 in the upper and lower directions.

[0048] In this embodiment, the gas containing carbon dioxide is transmitted into the first chamber 16 through the provision of the gas inlet 13 , so that the gas flows from bottom to top, and the carbon dioxide in the gas is absorbed by the absorbent and then discharged from the gas outlet 14 .

[0049] In some embodiments, the absorption tower body 1 has a liquid inlet 15 , which is spaced apart from the first phase separation outlet 11 in the extension direction of the absorption tower body 1 . The liquid inlet 15 is used to introduce absorbent into the absorption tower body 1 .

[0050] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the liquid inlet 15 is provided on the side wall of the absorption tower body 1, and the liquid inlet 15 is connected to the first chamber 16. The absorbent is transferred to the first chamber 16 through the setting of the liquid inlet 15. The absorbent flows from top to bottom and the gas flows from bottom to top, so that the absorbent and the gas are fully in contact, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of the absorbent.

[0051] The carbon dioxide capture system of the embodiment of the present invention includes an absorption tower 100 and a regeneration tower 200. The absorption tower 100 is the absorption tower 100 of the above embodiment. The inlet 210 of the regeneration tower is connected to the second phase separation outlet 12 to regenerate the absorbent flowing out of the second phase separation outlet 12.

[0052] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a phase separation component 2 is set in the absorption tower 100, and the absorbent is phased by the phase separation component 2, and the concentration layers are divided into a first phase separation layer and a second phase separation layer. The first phase separation layer is a carbon dioxide-lean phase layer, and the second phase separation layer is a carbon dioxide-rich phase layer, so that the carbon dioxide is redistributed and further enriched in the absorption tower 100, and the second phase separation layer enriched with carbon dioxide is transmitted to the regeneration tower 200 through the second phase separation outlet 12 for regeneration, thereby reducing the absorbent entering the regeneration tower 200, and further reducing the participation of water in the high-temperature desorption process, thereby reducing regeneration energy consumption and reducing operating costs.

[0053] In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture system further includes a mixer 300 having a first inlet 310, a second inlet 320 and a mixing outlet 330, wherein the first inlet 310 is connected to the first phase separation outlet 11, the second inlet 320 is connected to the outlet 220 of the regeneration tower, and the mixing outlet 330 is connected to the liquid inlet 15 of the absorption tower 100.

[0054] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, the first phase-separation outlet 11 is connected to the first inlet 310 of the mixer 300 to transfer the first phase-separated layer separated from the absorption tower 100 to the mixer 300. Since the carbon dioxide content loaded in the first phase-separated layer is relatively low, the total liquid volume of the absorbent entering the regeneration tower 200 is reduced by directly transferring the first phase-separated layer to the mixer 300, thereby reducing the participation of water in the high-temperature analysis process, maximizing the use of steam heat and reducing regeneration energy consumption, thereby reducing regeneration costs.

[0055] The second phase-separation outlet 12 is connected to the inlet 210 of the regeneration tower to transfer the second phase layer separated from the absorption tower 100 to the regeneration tower 200 for regeneration. Since the content of carbon dioxide loaded in the second phase-separation layer is relatively high, the total amount of absorbent liquid that needs to be regenerated is reduced by regenerating the second phase-separation layer. The absorbent regenerated in the regeneration tower 200 is transferred to the second inlet 320 of the mixer 300 through the outlet of the regeneration tower 200. After the absorbent regenerated in the regeneration tower 200 is mixed with the absorbent in the first phase-separation layer, it is transferred to the liquid inlet 15 of the absorption tower 100 through the mixing outlet 330 and enters the absorption tower 100 for absorption. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0057] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0058] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0059] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0060] It is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An absorption tower, characterized in that: include: An absorption tower body, wherein the absorption tower body has a first phase-separation outlet and a second phase-separation outlet, wherein the first phase-separation outlet and the second phase-separation outlet are spaced apart in an extension direction of the absorption tower body; a phase separation component, the phase separation component comprising a collector and a flow guide pipe, the collector being disposed within the absorption tower body and being sealed to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the collector gradually decreasing in the extension direction of the absorption tower body and in the direction approaching the second phase separation outlet, one end of the flow guide pipe being connected to the collector to guide the absorbent in the collector; The extension direction of the flow guide pipe is inclined to the extension direction of the absorption tower body, and the other end of the flow guide pipe is adjacent to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body; the other end of the flow guide pipe is arranged at the phase separation interface between the first phase separation layer and the second phase separation layer; There are multiple flow guide pipes, and the multiple flow guide pipes are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the absorption tower body; The device further comprises an overflow portion, wherein the overflow portion comprises an overflow plate and a bottom plate, wherein the overflow plate is an arc-shaped plate, and both ends of the arc-length direction of the arc-shaped plate are connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body to define an overflow chamber, one end of the bottom plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the absorption tower body, and the other end of the bottom plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped plate; The overflow plate includes a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction of the absorption tower body, the other end of the guide tube is spaced apart from the first end of the overflow plate and the second end of the overflow plate, and the other end of the guide tube is arranged adjacent to the second end of the overflow plate.

2. The absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that The first phase separation outlet is communicated with the overflow chamber, and the first phase separation outlet is flush with the end surface of the bottom plate.

3. The absorption tower according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that The absorption tower body has an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the absorption tower body, and the air outlet is arranged symmetrically with the second phase separation outlet, and the air inlet is flush with one end of the collector.

4. The absorption tower according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that The absorption tower body has a liquid inlet, which is spaced apart from the first phase separation outlet in the extension direction of the absorption tower body. The liquid inlet is used to introduce absorbent into the absorption tower body.

5. A carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that: include: An absorption tower, wherein the absorption tower is the absorption tower according to any one of claims 1 to 4; A regeneration tower, wherein the inlet of the regeneration tower is communicated with the second phase separation outlet to regenerate the absorbent flowing out of the second phase separation outlet.

6. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 5, characterized in that It also includes a mixer having a first inlet, a second inlet and a mixing outlet, the first inlet is connected to the first phase separation outlet, the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the regeneration tower, and the mixing outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower.

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