Dynamic Imaging System Workflow Optimization

Abstract

The present invention relates to X-ray imaging. In order to improve the throughput of an X-ray imaging system, a device for managing an imaging workflow of an X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence is provided. The device comprises: an input unit, a processing unit, and an output unit. The input unit is configured to receive data, the data comprising: (i) a current temperature profile of an X-ray anode within a tube shell of the X-ray imaging system, (ii) information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the X-ray anode, (iii) information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the tube shell, (iv) information about the current operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system, and (v) information about the planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for the upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions comprise a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a corresponding set of planned scan parameters. The processing unit is configured to determine an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence based on the received data. The processing unit is configured to compare the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode with a maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. In response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, the processing unit is configured to modify the planned operating conditions so that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. The modified planned operating conditions include a change in a planned scan sequence and / or a change in a set of planned scan parameters for one or more planned scans. The output unit is configured to provide the modified planned operating conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to X-ray imaging and, in particular, to an apparatus and method for managing an imaging workflow of an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system, an X-ray imaging system, a computer program and a computer readable medium. Background Art

[0002] The throughput of the system may be limited by the organization of the patient flow, including preparation, positioning and repeated imaging due to motion artifacts or other interfering effects. However, in some cases, the throughput may also be limited by the system components. For example, in the case of several high-power imaging scans in succession, it may happen that the system has to cool down and the patient and staff have to wait before the next scan can be performed. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, there may be a need to increase the throughput of X-ray imaging systems.

[0004] The objects of the invention are solved by the subject-matter of the attached independent claims, wherein further embodiments are incorporated in the dependent claims.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for managing an imaging workflow of an X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence. The apparatus comprises: an input unit, a processing unit, and an output unit. The input unit is configured to receive data, the data comprising: (i) a current temperature profile of an X-ray anode within a tube shell of the X-ray imaging system, (ii) information about a heating capability and a cooling rate of the X-ray anode, (iii) information about a heating capability and a cooling rate of the tube shell, (iv) information about a current operating condition of the X-ray imaging system, and (v) information about a planned operating condition of the X-ray imaging system for the upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating condition comprises a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a corresponding set of planned scan parameters. The processing unit is configured to determine an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence based on the received data. The processing unit is configured to compare the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode with a maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. In response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, the processing unit is configured to modify the planned operating conditions so that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. The modified planned operating conditions include a change in a planned scan sequence and / or a change in a set of planned scan parameters for one or more planned scans. The output unit is configured to provide the modified planned operating conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence.

[0006] During operation, predicting the correct temperature of the anode at the focal spot track within an X-ray tube will have a definite impact on the life of the tube and how the system operates. It is very important to know the limit before the tube will be damaged or will suffer a reduction in life.

[0007] To this end, the apparatus and methods described herein estimate the future temperature profile of the X-ray anode for an upcoming imaging sequence based on operating parameters and the current temperature profile of the X-ray anode. This can be done using a digital twin model or a trained machine learning model. The apparatus and methods then provide a dynamic workflow optimizer for a medical X-ray imaging system, the X-ray imaging system comprising an X-ray tube and a module configured to optimize scan parameters and / or an optimized scan sequence, as an overall throughput optimization technique based on temperature prediction prior to operating the actual hardware. The apparatus and methods described herein can provide real-time predictions of the X-ray tube temperature profile for an upcoming imaging sequence and real-time adjustments to planned operations prior to operating the actual hardware.

[0008] This will be explained in detail below, especially for Figure 1 and Figure 2 The example shown in .

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the processing unit is configured to compare the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode with a predefined threshold, wherein the predefined threshold is less than a maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. In response to determining that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode is greater than or equal to the predefined threshold, the processing unit is configured to modify the planned operating condition such that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating condition is less than the predefined threshold.

[0010] The difference between the predefined threshold and the maximum hardware temperature allowed for the X-ray anode defines a safety margin. For example, a larger safety margin can be used to avoid risky high temperature scans for planning sequences for patient scans. This feature can be very beneficial in extending the life of the tube by optimizing / customizing the system EPX parameters to the customer's usage needs. In this way, the hardware (e.g. cooling) may not have to consider worst case / extreme conditions, which may also be an opportunity for cost reduction and more reliable operation and life. This may allow the device to be used as a "lifetime optimizer".

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the processing unit is configured to modify the planned operating condition to provide a plurality of candidate planned operating conditions, each candidate planned operating condition differing from each other in a set of planned scan parameters and / or a planned scan sequence. The processing unit is configured to determine a corresponding estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under each candidate planned operating condition. The processing unit is further configured to select the candidate planned operating condition having the lowest value of the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode.

[0012] This may help extend the life of the tube.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the invention, the modified planned operating conditions include a sequence of scans alternating between high power scans and low power scans such that heating and cooling rates of the X-ray anode are balanced to achieve a substantially constant operating curve.

[0014] In this way, if the exact temperature profile can be predicted, the system can be operated in a more efficient manner, as high and low power scans can be intervened, and heating and cooling rates can be balanced to achieve an optimal constant operating curve. In addition to better and more efficient use of the X-ray tube, more uniform operating conditions can also produce more accurate images due to less variation. This can allow the device to be used as an "efficiency optimizer".

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus is configured to generate a control file that can be used to control the X-ray imaging system based on the modified planned operating conditions.

[0016] This could be beneficial for autonomous X-ray imaging systems.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the input unit is configured to receive planned environmental conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence, and the processing unit is configured to determine the cooling rate of the X-ray tube and the cooling rate of the tube housing according to the planned environmental conditions.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the housing temperature profile, the ambient conditions can be temporarily adjusted, for example by lowering the room temperature or changing the speed of the housing cooling fan.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit is configured to determine the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under planned operating conditions of an upcoming imaging sequence using a digital twin model.

[0020] An accurate temperature prediction model of the X-ray tube anode, defined by the digital twin module with physics-based simulation including all influencing effects, helps to obtain more precise information on the anode track temperature, which cannot be measured in real time inside a standard X-ray tube.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit is configured to determine the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under planned operating conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence using a trained machine learning model.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the set of scanning parameters includes one or more of: a set of X-ray generator settings, a set of X-ray tube settings, a scanning protocol, an anatomical structure of interest to be scanned, a table feed speed and boundary conditions.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an X-ray imaging system is provided. The X-ray imaging system comprises an X-ray imaging device, a workflow management device, a database, a sensor arrangement, and an apparatus according to the first aspect and any associated examples. The X-ray imaging device comprises an X-ray tube in a tube housing. The workflow management device comprises current operating condition information of the X-ray imaging system, and information about planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions comprise a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a corresponding set of planned scan parameters. The database is configured to store information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the X-ray anode in the tube housing, and information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the tube housing. The sensor arrangement comprises at least one sensor, the at least one sensor being configured to monitor a current temperature profile of the tube housing, the current temperature profile of the tube housing being able to be used to determine a current temperature profile of the X-ray tube. The apparatus is configured to receive data from the workflow management device, the database, and the sensor arrangement, and to provide modified planned operating conditions to the workflow management device.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray imaging device is configured to be controlled by a control file generated by the apparatus.

[0025] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for managing an imaging workflow of an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system, the method comprising:

[0026] receiving data comprising: (i) a current temperature profile of an X-ray anode within an envelope of the X-ray imaging system, (ii) information regarding a heating capacity and a cooling rate of the X-ray anode within the envelope, (iii) information regarding a heating capacity and a cooling rate of the envelope, (iv) information regarding current operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system, and (v) information regarding planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions comprise a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a respective set of planned scan parameters;

[0027] determining, based on the received data, an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence,

[0028] comparing the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode to a maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, and

[0029] In response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, modifying (140) the planned operating conditions so that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. The modified planned operating conditions include a change in a planned scan sequence and / or a change in a set of planned scan parameters for one or more planned scans. And

[0030] Modified planned operating conditions are provided for an upcoming imaging sequence, which may preferably be used to improve the workflow of the X-ray imaging system.

[0031] The method may be at least partially implemented by a computer and may be implemented in software or hardware, or in software and hardware. In addition, the method may be performed by computer program instructions running on a unit providing data processing functions. The data processing device may be a suitable computing unit, such as an electronic control module, etc., or a distributed computer system or a cloud computing system. The data processing device or computer may include one or more processors, memories, data interfaces, etc.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the step of generating a control file which can be used to control the X-ray imaging system based on the provided modified planned operating conditions.

[0033] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions for causing the device according to the first aspect or the system according to the second aspect to execute the steps of the method according to the third aspect.

[0034] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable medium having stored thereon the computer program.

[0035] As used herein, the term "learning" in machine learning refers to identifying and training appropriate algorithms to complete the task of interest. The term "learning" includes, but is not limited to, association learning, classification learning, clustering, and numerical prediction.

[0036] The term "machine learning" as used herein refers to the field of computer science that studies the design of computer programs that are able to extract patterns, regularities, or rules from past experience in order to develop appropriate responses to future data or to describe the data in some meaningful way.

[0037] As used herein, the term "unit" may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and / or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), a combinational logic circuit, and / or other appropriate components that provide the functionality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] These and other aspects of the invention will become more apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the following description, which is given by way of example, and to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0039] Figure 1 An exemplary apparatus for managing an imaging workflow of an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system is illustrated.

[0040] Figure 2 A flow chart describing an exemplary method for managing an imaging workflow for an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 3 An exemplary X-ray imaging system is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] X-ray imaging systems are used in many applications such as medical diagnosis, airport security, material analysis, etc. For example, in a computed tomography (CT) system, an X-ray source and an X-ray detector are arranged on opposite sides of a patient. The X-ray source can generate a fan-shaped X-ray beam. The photons of the X-ray beam will be absorbed by parts of the patient's body. Among them, bones absorb more photons than muscle tissue. The photons that pass through the patient's body are then received by the X-ray detector, thereby generating a shadow image of the patient's anatomical structure. The resulting image is a two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional structure of the patient's body. In a CT system, the X-ray source and X-ray detector rotate around the patient to capture images from different viewing angles. These images can be processed by a computer system to generate a three-dimensional image of the patient's anatomical structure.

[0043] An X-ray source usually consists of a cathode and an anode, which are arranged inside a vacuum tube. The cathode emits electrons, which are accelerated toward the anode by the tube voltage provided by the power supply. For example, when the tube voltage is 80 kV, the electrons are accelerated from the cathode to the anode and reach a kinetic energy of 80 keV when they hit the anode. This energy is converted in whole or in part into X-rays, which are then emitted through an aperture in the X-ray tube housing.

[0044] In order to generate X-ray radiation, a relatively large amount of electrical energy must be transferred to the X-ray tube. However, only a small part of the energy deposited in the X-ray tube (usually less than 1%) is converted into X-rays; the vast majority appears in the form of heat. This limits the use of X-ray equipment. If too much heat is generated in the X-ray tube, the temperature will rise above a critical value and the X-ray tube may be damaged. In order to prevent such damage, the operator of the X-ray equipment must be aware of the heat generated and its relationship to the thermal capacity of the X-ray tube. For this reason, in the case of several high-power imaging scans in succession, it may happen that the system has to cool down and the patient and staff have to wait before the next scan can be performed.

[0045] In order to simplify the imaging workflow and improve the throughput of an X-ray imaging system, an apparatus and method for managing the imaging workflow of an X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence are provided.

[0046] Figure 1 An exemplary apparatus for managing an imaging workflow of an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system is illustrated. The exemplary apparatus comprises an input unit 12, a processing unit 14, and an output unit 16.

[0047] In general, the exemplary apparatus 10 may include various physical and / or logical components for communicating and manipulating information, which components may be implemented as hardware components (e.g., computing devices, processors, logic devices), executable computer program instructions (e.g., firmware, software) executed by various hardware components, or any combination thereof, as required by a given set of design parameters or performance constraints. Figure 1 A limited number of components may be shown by way of example, but it is understood that a greater or lesser number of components may be employed for a given implementation.

[0048] In some implementations, the exemplary apparatus 10 may be embodied as or in a device or apparatus, such as a server, a workstation, or a mobile device. The exemplary apparatus 10 may include one or more microprocessors or computer processors that run appropriate software. The processing unit 14 of the exemplary apparatus 10 may be implemented by one or more of these processors. The software may have been downloaded and / or stored in a corresponding memory, for example, a volatile memory such as RAM or a non-volatile memory such as flash memory and a remote memory such as a cloud. The software may include instructions that configure one or more processors to perform the functions described herein.

[0049] It should be noted that the exemplary apparatus may be implemented with or without a processor, and may also be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware for performing some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuits) for performing other functions. For example, the functional units of the exemplary apparatus 10, such as the input unit 12, the one or more processing units 14, and the output unit 16 may be implemented in a device or apparatus in the form of programmable logic (e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA)). In general, each functional unit of the apparatus may be implemented in the form of a circuit.

[0050] In some implementations, the exemplary apparatus 10 may also be implemented in a distributed manner. For example, some or all units of the exemplary apparatus 10 may be arranged as separate modules in a distributed architecture and connected in a suitable communication network, such as a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, a long term evolution (LTE) network, the Internet, a LAN (local area network), a wireless LAN (local area network), a WAN (wide area network), etc.

[0051] The input unit 12 and the output unit 16 may include hardware and / or software to enable the exemplary apparatus 10 to receive data input and communicate with other devices and / or networks. The input unit 12 may receive data input via a wired connection or a wireless connection. The output unit 16 may also provide cellular telephone communications and / or other data communications for the exemplary apparatus 10.

[0052] The processing unit 14 can execute instructions to perform the method described herein. This will be explained below, especially for Figure 2 The example shown in .

[0053] Figure 2A flow chart describing a method 100 for managing an imaging workflow for an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system is illustrated. The method 100 may be implemented as a device, module, or related component in a set of logic instructions stored in a non-transitory machine or computer readable storage medium (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc.), in configurable logic (e.g., programmable logic array (PLA), field programmable gate array (FPGA), complex programmable logic device (CPLD)), in fixed function hardware logic using circuit technology (e.g., application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), or transistor transistor logic (TTL) technology), in remote storage (e.g., the cloud), or any combination thereof. For example, computer program code that performs the operations shown in the method 100 may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​(e.g., JAVA, SMALLTALK, C++, Python, etc.) and traditional procedural programming languages ​​(e.g., the "C" programming language or similar programming languages). For example, the exemplary method 100 may be implemented as Figure 1 The device 10 is shown, which will be explained in detail below.

[0054] At block 110, a device (e.g. Figure 1 The device 10 shown receives data via an input unit 12. The received data includes the following input parameters, which represent factors affecting the heating of the X-ray tube in the upcoming sequence:

[0055] A current temperature profile of an X-ray anode within the X-ray imaging system housing;

[0056] information about the thermal capacity and cooling rate of the X-ray anode within the envelope;

[0057] information regarding the thermal capacity and cooling rate of the shell;

[0058] information about the current operating status of the X-ray imaging system; and

[0059] Information about planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions include a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a respective set of planned scan parameters.

[0060] The current temperature profile of the X-ray anode may be derived from the sensor data. For example, the current temperature profile of the tube shell may be measured, and the current temperature profile of the X-ray anode may be derived from the temperature measurement of the tube shell. Alternatively, the current temperature profile of the X-ray anode may be determined based on earlier historical data.

[0061] Information about the thermal capabilities of an X-ray tube may include the heat capacity of two different areas, including the focal area and the anode body. The focal area is the point within the tube where heat is generated. From this area, heat travels through the entire anode body by conduction and reaches the tube housing by radiation. The thermal capacity of a particular focal track is usually specified by the manufacturer in the form of a graph, where the curves on the graph show the maximum power (KV and mA) that can be delivered to the tube without overloading it for a given exposure time. The thermal capacity of the focal track is often the limiting factor for a single exposure. During a series of X-ray exposures, CT scans, or fluoroscopy, heat buildup in the anode can become very noticeable. The thermal capacity of the anode is often graphically described using a set of curves that describe the thermal characteristics of the anode. The heating curves indicate the heat buildup within the anode for various energy input rates. These curves are primarily applicable to continuous operation of the tube, such as CT or fluoroscopy.

[0062] Information about the cooling rate of the X-ray anode is also usually specified by the manufacturer in the form of a graph showing a cooling curve, which can be used to estimate the cooling time required between two sets of exposures. The cooling rate of the X-ray anode is not constant. When the anode heat content is high and the temperature is high, its cooling rate is faster. The anode in most radiographic equipment is cooled by naturally radiating heat to the surrounding tube shell. However, the anode in some high-power equipment (such as equipment used in CT) is cooled by circulating oil from the anode to a heat exchanger. Therefore, the cooling rate of the X-ray anode depends on the environmental conditions and the cooling system.

[0063] Information such as the heat capacity and cooling rate of the tube housing is also a factor that affects the heating of the X-ray tube. The heat capacity of the tube housing limits the extended use time of the X-ray tube, not the exposure time alone. Since the housing is usually cooled by air flow or convection, its effective capacity can be increased by using forced air circulation. Information on the heat capacity and cooling rate of the tube housing can be obtained from the housing heating and cooling charts provided by the manufacturer.

[0064] The information about the current operating condition of the X-ray imaging system may include X-ray tube settings, such as mA, kV (modulation options), pulse time, focal spot size and shape, focal spot position (static or dynamic motion), and pulse mode. The information about the current operating condition of the X-ray imaging system may include information about the anatomical structure of interest, such as chest / lungs. Further exemplary information about the current operating condition of the X-ray imaging system may include, but is not limited to, scan protocol, table feed speed, and boundary conditions (e.g., full scan).

[0065] At block 120, based on the received data, for example, Figure 1The processing unit 14 of the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 determines an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under planned operating conditions in an upcoming imaging sequence.

[0066] In some examples, a digital twin model can be used to determine the estimated temperature profile of an X-ray anode under planned operating conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence. An accurate temperature prediction model for an X-ray tube anode defined by the anode digital twin module can include a physics-based simulation of the influencing effects defined by the input parameters. The temperature prediction model may help to obtain more accurate anode track temperature information. This temperature cannot be measured in real time inside a standard X-ray tube. Temperature simulations performed using a digital twin model, taking into account the effects on temporal performance, spatial distribution, and material-specific parameters, can more accurately reflect reality than simple models used in the prior art.

[0067] In some examples, the processing unit 14 of the device 10 can be configured to use a trained machine learning model to determine an estimated temperature profile of an X-ray node under planned operating conditions for an upcoming imaging sequence. The machine learning model has been pre-trained based on historical data (e.g., temperature profile of an X-ray anode, scanning protocols, imaging sequences, etc.) of previous examination records and / or measurements of one or more patients. The training of the machine learning model may include the following steps: receiving training data, applying the machine learning model to the training data in one or more iterations. The result of the application is to obtain a pre-trained machine learning model, which can then be used for deployment. In deployment, new input parameters defining factors affecting the heat generation of the upcoming imaging sequence can be applied to the trained machine learning model to determine the future temperature profile of the X-ray tube under planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence. For example, a neural network model (also known as an artificial neural network (ANN)) can be used as an example of a machine learning model. However, other machine learning techniques (e.g., support vector machines, maximum likelihood, random forests, or other techniques) can be used instead of neural networks.

[0068] At block 130, the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode is compared with the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, for example, by the processing unit 14 of the apparatus 10, to determine whether the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. The maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode may also be referred to as the hardware temperature limit of the X-ray anode, beyond which the X-ray tube may be damaged, such as melting of the anode material, roughness of the focal track due to melting / remelting of the material, cracks, and other inhomogeneities.

[0069] If so, then at block 140, in response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, the planned operating conditions are modified such that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode.

[0070] The modified planned operating conditions include a change in a planned scan sequence and / or a change in a set of planned scan parameters of one or more planned scans.

[0071] The change of the planned scan sequence may include adjusting the planned scan sequence for patients with different anatomical thicknesses. This means that after a high-power scan of a patient with thicker anatomy, it is better to scan another patient with thinner anatomy before scanning the patient with thicker anatomy in case the tube approaches certain limits. The change of the planned scan sequence may include adjusting the planned scan sequence for different anatomical regions. For example, after a helical scan of a relatively large anatomical region (such as the whole body), it is better to scan a relatively small anatomical region (such as the chest).

[0072] Changes to the set of planned scan parameters for one or more planned scans may include adjustments to pulse mode, maximum kV and mA settings (including modulation options). Changes to the set of planned scan parameters may also include adjustments to X-ray generator settings, such as tube-specific acquisition parameters (e.g., boosting, blanking, cutoff and idle times) and detection parameters (e.g., fps, integration time, etc.).

[0073] Possible combinations of operations for subsequent imaging scans may be predicted based on planning parameters for an upcoming imaging sequence in an iterative or non-iterative process.

[0074] In an iterative process, in response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, the planned operating conditions may be adjusted by changing the order of the planned scans and / or the set of planned scan parameters. Then, using a digital twin model or a trained machine learning model, etc., an updated estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode is determined under the adjusted planned operating conditions. The updated estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode is then compared to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. The process may be repeated until the modified planned operating conditions have an estimated temperature profile that meets predefined criteria.

[0075] In a non-iterative process, a plurality of modified planned operating conditions may be proposed, each modified set of planned scan sequences and / or planned scan parameters being different from one another. A temperature profile of the X-ray anode under all of these modified planned operating conditions is determined. At least one planned operating condition satisfying a predefined criterion may be selected from the plurality of modified planned operating conditions. For example, a modified planned operating condition having a lowest value of an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode may be selected.

[0076] If not, the method may return to block 110 to continue calculating the temperature during operation based on the input parameters.

[0077] At block 150, a modified planned operating condition for the upcoming imaging sequence is provided, which is preferably usable to improve the workflow of the X-ray imaging system. For example, the modified planned operating condition can be displayed or stored in a workflow management system together with the information, sent to an image processing system or an image reconstruction system.

[0078] Temperature prediction can be used as a "dynamic throughput optimizer", "efficiency optimizer" of the system, and depending on the safety margin parameters, also as a "lifetime optimizer" or any combination thereof, which will be discussed below.

[0079] Dynamic Throughput Optimizer

[0080] For example, in hospitals, standard throughput is relatively low and high-power tubes with large thermal capacity / powerful cooling capabilities are not needed. Optimization can also include reducing the peak power in examinations where there is no significant associated motion and a larger exposure window can be allowed without image quality degradation. If there are special requirements or emergency situations, or just a normal increase in the number of patients, the optimization tool can be used to circumvent the throughput limitations of the tube to a certain extent through accurate temperature estimation and optimized sequence planning. This means that after a high-power scan (for example, patients with thicker anatomy), it is better to scan patients with thinner anatomy first and then patients with thicker anatomy in case the tube is approaching certain limits. In all cases, the known scan sequence from the waiting list (including the planned scan parameters) is used as input to the optimizer.

[0081] Efficiency Optimizer

[0082] The planned operating conditions may be modified such that the modified planned operating conditions include a sequence of scans that alternate between high power scans and low power scans such that the heating rate and cooling rate of the X-ray anode can be balanced to achieve a substantially constant operating curve. In this way, if the exact temperature profile can be predicted, the system can be operated in a more efficient manner because the high power scans and low power scans can be intervened and the heating rate and cooling rate can be balanced to achieve an optimal constant operating curve. In addition to better and more efficient use of the X-ray tube, more uniform operating conditions can also produce more accurate images due to less variation. This can allow the device to be used as an "efficiency optimizer".

[0083] Life Optimizer

[0084] The estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode may be compared to a predefined threshold, e.g. by Figure 1 . The processing unit 14 of the device 10 shown in . The predefined threshold is less than the maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode. In response to determining that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode is greater than or equal to the predefined threshold, the planned operating conditions are modified so that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the predefined threshold. The difference between the predefined threshold and the maximum hardware temperature allowed for the X-ray anode defines a safety margin. For example, a larger safety margin can be used to avoid risky high temperature scans to plan for a sequence of patient scans. This feature is very beneficial for extending the life of the tube by optimizing / customizing the system EPX parameters for the customer's usage requirements. In this way, the hardware (e.g., cooling) may not have to consider worst-case / extreme conditions, which may also be an opportunity for cost reduction and more reliable operation and life. This may enable the device to be used as a "lifetime optimizer."

[0085] In some examples, based on the modified planned operating conditions, a control profile may be generated, for example by the processing unit 14 of the device, which is preferably used to control the X-ray imaging system to acquire images for the upcoming imaging sequence. This may be beneficial for autonomous scanning.

[0086] The apparatus and methods described herein can provide real-time prediction of X-ray tube temperature profiles for upcoming imaging sequences and real-time adjustments to planned operations before operating the actual hardware.

[0087] It should be understood that the above operations may be performed in any appropriate order, for example, sequentially, simultaneously, or a combination thereof, but where applicable, subject to a specific order necessitated by, for example, input / output relationships.

[0088] The apparatus and methods described herein may be applied to any imaging system using an X-ray tube (eg, CT, fluoroscopy, etc.) where accurate temperature modeling helps obtain more accurate performance information.

[0089] Figure 3 Schematically illustrated is an example X-ray imaging system 200. The example X-ray imaging system 200 includes an X-ray imaging device 20, a system console 30, a workflow management device 40, a database 50, and a sensor arrangement 60.

[0090] The X-ray imaging device 20 includes an X-ray source 22 and an X-ray detector 24. The X-ray detector 24 is spaced apart from the X-ray source 22 to accommodate the patient PAT to be imaged. In some examples, the X-ray imaging device 20 may be a C-arm type, and the patient PAT may lie on an examination table. In some examples, such as in a chest X-ray examination, the patient PAT may stand facing a flat surface, with the X-ray detector 24 behind it.

[0091] Generally speaking, during image acquisition, a collimated X-ray beam is emitted from an X-ray source 22, passes through a region of interest (ROI) of a patient's PAT, is attenuated by interaction with the material therein, and then the attenuated beam strikes the surface of an X-ray detector 24. The density of the organic material making up the ROI determines the level of attenuation. High-density materials (such as bone) cause higher attenuation than less dense materials (such as tissue). The recorded X-ray digital values ​​are then combined into an array of digital values ​​to form an X-ray projection image for a given acquisition time and projection direction.

[0092] The overall operation of the X-ray imaging device 20 can be controlled by an operator via a system console 30. The system console 30 can be coupled to a display 32 on which acquired X-ray images or imager settings can be viewed or checked. An operator (e.g., a medical laboratory technician) can control the image acquisition operation via the system console 30 by releasing individual X-ray exposures (e.g., by actuating a joystick or pedal or other suitable input unit coupled to the system console 30).

[0093] exist Figure 3In the example shown, the device 10 is implemented as a system console 30, or is implemented in the system console 30. For example, the device 10 and its components can reside in the system console 30 and run as software routines. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the device 10 can be any computing device, including desktop and laptop computers, smart phones, tablet computers, etc. The device 10 can be a general-purpose device or a device with a dedicated device unit suitable for providing the functions described herein. In some examples, the components of the device 10 are shown as integrated in a single unit. However, in alternative examples, some or all of the components can be arranged as separate modules in a distributed architecture and connected in a suitable communication network. The device 10 and its components can be arranged as a dedicated FPGA or a hard-wired independent chip.

[0094] The workflow management device 40 includes current operating state information of the X-ray imaging system and planned operating state information of the X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence. The planned operating conditions include a sequence of planned scans, each of which is associated with a corresponding set of planned scan parameters.

[0095] The database 50 is configured to store information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the X-ray anode within the envelope, and about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the envelope. Such information is usually specified by the manufacturer.

[0096] The sensor arrangement 60 comprises at least one sensor configured to monitor a current temperature profile of the tube envelope, which can be used to determine a current temperature profile of the X-ray tube.

[0097] The apparatus 10 in the form of a system console 30 is configured to receive data from a workflow management device 40, a database 50 and a sensor arrangement 60 and to generate data according to the methods described herein (e.g., Figure 2 The exemplary method 100 shown provides modified planned operating conditions to a workflow management device.

[0098] In some examples, the X-ray imaging device 20 is configured to be controlled by a control file generated by the apparatus.

[0099] In some examples, the temperature profile prediction may also be supported by a sensor arrangement 60, with real-time verification of the temperature prediction at a location where measurements can be made. However, this would not be on the anode track, as this location is inaccessible and it would not be possible to measure the temperature there at a cost that is affordable for the product. Furthermore, online monitoring and comparison of predicted results and subsequent analysis from multiple systems may also enable optimization. For example, this may enable a closed loop of continuous and supervised learning, thereby enabling a strategy to continuously improve a machine learning model for estimating the X-ray anode temperature profile.

[0100] exist Figure 3 In the example, only a single X-ray imaging device is shown. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the apparatus and methods described herein may also be applicable to multiple X-ray imaging devices to achieve connectivity optimization. For example, in a hospital with multiple X-ray imaging devices, if there are special requirements or emergencies, an optimization tool can be used to circumvent the tube throughput limitations of one X-ray imaging device to a certain extent by allocating patients to other X-ray imaging devices. For example, after a spiral scan of a larger anatomical area (e.g., the whole body), it is best to use the same X-ray imaging device to scan a smaller anatomical area (e.g., the chest). If a high-power scan (e.g., the whole body) is planned in an emergency, different X-ray imaging devices within the hospital can be determined to perform the scan of the relevant anatomical area.

[0101] In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a computer program or a computer program element is provided, characterized in that it is adapted to perform the method steps of the method according to one of the preceding embodiments on a suitable system.

[0102] The computer program element can therefore be stored on a computing unit, which can also be part of an embodiment of the present invention. The computing unit can be suitable for executing the steps of the above method or causing the execution of the steps of the above method. In addition, it can be suitable for operating the components of the above device. The computing unit can be suitable for automatically operating and / or executing the user's command. The computer program can be loaded into the working memory of a data processor. The data processor can therefore be equipped to implement the method of the present invention.

[0103] This exemplary embodiment of the invention covers both a computer program that right from the beginning uses the invention and a computer program that by means of an update turns an existing program into a program that uses the invention.

[0104] Furthermore, the computer program element may be able to provide all necessary steps to implement the procedures of an exemplary embodiment of the method as described above.

[0105] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a computer readable medium, such as a CD-ROM, is proposed, wherein the computer readable medium has a computer program element stored thereon, the computer program element being as described in the previous section.

[0106] The computer program can be stored and / or distributed on suitable media, such as optical storage media or solid-state media provided together with other hardware or as part of other hardware, but the computer program can also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunications systems.

[0107] However, the computer program may also be provided over a network like the World Wide Web and may be downloaded from such a network into a working memory of a data processor. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a medium for making a computer program element available for downloading is provided, the computer program element being arranged to perform one of the previously described embodiments of the invention.

[0108] Although several innovative embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, a person skilled in the art will readily envision a variety of other ways and / or structures for performing the functions and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is shown as being within the scope of the innovative embodiments described herein. More generally, a person skilled in the art will readily recognize that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are intended to be exemplary, and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend on the specific application or application to which the innovative teachings are used. A person skilled in the art will recognize or be able to determine many equivalents of the specific inventive embodiments described herein using no more than routine experimentation. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented only by way of example, and within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the inventive embodiments may be practiced in a manner different from that specifically described and claimed. The innovative embodiments of the present disclosure relate to each individual feature, system, article, material, complete set of equipment, and / or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits and / or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent, are included within the innovative scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An apparatus (10) for managing an imaging workflow for an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system, include: Input unit (12); Processing unit (14); as well as Output unit (16); wherein the input unit is configured to receive data, the data comprising: (i) a current temperature profile of an X-ray anode within a tube housing of the X-ray imaging system, (ii) information about a heating capacity and a cooling rate of the X-ray anode, (iii) information about a heating capacity and a cooling rate of the tube housing, (iv) information about current operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system, and (v) information about planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for the upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions comprise a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a respective set of planned scan parameters; Wherein, the processing unit is configured as: determining, based on the received data, an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence, comparing the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode to a maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, and in response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, modifying the planned operating conditions such that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, wherein the modified planned operating conditions include a change in the planned scan sequence and / or a change in the set of planned scan parameters for one or more planned scans; and Wherein, the output unit is configured to provide the modified planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence.

2. The device according to claim 1, in, The processing unit is configured to: comparing the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode to a predefined threshold, wherein the predefined threshold is less than the maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode; and In response to determining that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode is greater than or equal to the predefined threshold, the planned operating conditions are modified such that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the predefined threshold.

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The processing unit is configured to: modifying the planned operating condition to provide a plurality of candidate planned operating conditions, each candidate planned operating condition differing from one another in the set of planned scan parameters and / or the planned scan sequence; determining a corresponding estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode for each candidate planned operating condition; and A candidate planned operating condition is selected having a lowest value of the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The modified planned operating conditions include a sequence of scans that alternate between high power scans and low power scans such that the heating rate of the X-ray anode and the cooling rate can be balanced to achieve a substantially constant operating profile.

5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The apparatus is configured to generate a control file that can be used to control the X-ray imaging system based on the modified planned operating conditions.

6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The input unit is configured to receive planned environmental conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence; and The processing unit is configured to determine a cooling rate of the X-ray tube and a cooling rate of the tube shell of the X-ray imaging system according to the planned environmental conditions.

7. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The processing unit is configured to determine the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence using a digital twin model.

8. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The processing unit is configured to use the trained machine learning model to determine the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence.

9. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in, The set of scanning parameters includes one or more of the following: A collection of X-ray generator settings; A collection of X-ray tube settings; Scanning protocols; the anatomical structure of interest to be scanned; Table feed speed; and Boundary conditions.

10. An X-ray imaging system (200), include: An X-ray imaging device (20) comprising an X-ray tube in a tube housing; a workflow management device (40) comprising: information about current operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system, and information about planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for an upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions include a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a respective set of planned scan parameters; a database (50) configured to store information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the X-ray anode within the envelope, and information about the heating capacity and cooling rate of the envelope; a sensor arrangement (60) comprising at least one sensor configured to monitor a current temperature profile of the tube housing, the current temperature profile of the tube housing being used to determine a current temperature profile of the X-ray tube; and The apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, configured to receive data from the workflow management device, the database and the sensor arrangement, and to provide modified planned operating conditions to the workflow management device.

11. An X-ray imaging system according to claim 10, in, The X-ray imaging device is configured to be controlled by a control file generated by the apparatus.

12. A method (100) for managing an imaging workflow for an upcoming imaging sequence of an X-ray imaging system, the method include: receiving (110) data comprising: (i) a current temperature profile of an X-ray anode within an envelope of the X-ray imaging system, (ii) information regarding a heating capability and a cooling rate of the X-ray anode within the envelope, (iii) information regarding a heating capability and a cooling rate of the envelope, (iv) information regarding current operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system, and (v) information regarding planned operating conditions of the X-ray imaging system for the upcoming imaging sequence, wherein the planned operating conditions include a sequence of planned scans, each planned scan being associated with a respective set of planned scan parameters; determining (120) an estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the planned operating conditions for the upcoming imaging sequence based on the received data, comparing the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode to a maximum allowed hardware temperature of the X-ray anode (130), and in response to determining that the estimated temperature profile is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, modifying (140) the planned operating conditions such that the estimated temperature profile of the X-ray anode under the modified planned operating conditions is less than the maximum allowable hardware temperature of the X-ray anode, wherein the modified planned operating conditions include a change in the planned scan sequence and / or a change in the set of planned scan parameters for one or more planned scans; and The modified planned operating conditions are provided (150) for the upcoming imaging sequence.

13. The method according to claim 12, in, The modified planned operating conditions can be used to improve the workflow of the X-ray imaging system.

14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: include: A control file is generated that can be used to control the X-ray imaging system based on the provided modified planned operating conditions.

15. A computer program product comprising instructions for causing an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or a system according to claim 10 or 11 to perform the steps of a method according to any one of claims 12 to 14.

16. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions for causing the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the system according to claim 10 or 11 to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 12 to 14.

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