Antenna unit, antenna array having the same, and electronic device

Abstract

An antenna unit, an antenna array having the antenna unit and an electronic device, the antenna unit comprising a radiation substrate, a radiation unit and a feeding unit, the radiation substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface; the radiation unit is arranged on the first surface, the radiation unit comprising four planar rotating lines, a first metal connecting piece and a second metal connecting piece, the four planar rotating lines are rotationally symmetrically distributed along a rotationally symmetric center point at an angle of 90°; the first metal connecting piece connects the first planar rotating line and the third planar rotating line, and the second metal connecting piece connects the second planar rotating line and the fourth planar rotating line; the feeding unit is arranged on the second surface, and provides a dual-polarization excitation for the radiation unit through a coupling feeding mode, reduces the reflection of energy in the feeding process, and improves the gain of the antenna unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to an antenna element, an antenna array having the antenna element, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] As the number of end users gradually increases, the demand for channel capacity in terminals is also growing. However, with the miniaturization of terminal devices, the size occupied by terminal antennas has been further compressed. How to provide richer channel capacity within a limited size is a major challenge in terminal antenna design. Terminal routers or customer premises equipment (CPE) products in the 5GHz Wi-Fi band (e.g., 5170MHz-5835MHz) have relatively high frequencies, wide bandwidths, large data volumes, and significant indoor obstruction effects, making them suitable for deploying high-gain dual-polarized shared antennas. With the development of Wi-Fi 6E / 7, new 6GHz Wi-Fi bands (e.g., 5925MHz-7125MHz) are being introduced in many areas, requiring improvements in antenna bandwidth support capabilities.

[0003] Spiral antennas, especially quad-spiral antennas, are widely used in radio communication technology due to their broadband bandwidth and excellent wide-beam circular polarization characteristics. However, for existing quad-spiral antennas, the formation of circularly polarized waves relies on a phase-rotating feed network in principle. This feed network introduces insertion loss, and its inherent bandwidth limits the overall bandwidth of the antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna element, an antenna having the antenna element, and an electronic device. The feeding element provides dual-polarized excitation to the radiating element through a coupled feeding method, forming dual-polarized directional radiation through the four planar spirals of the radiating element. The coupled feeding method effectively reduces energy reflection during feeding, thereby improving the gain of the antenna element. The dual-polarized directional radiation formed by the four planar spirals enhances the gain characteristics of the antenna element.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides an antenna element, comprising: a radiating substrate including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; and a radiating element disposed on the first surface, the radiating element including a first planar rotation line, a second planar rotation line, a third planar rotation line, a fourth planar rotation line, a first metal connector, and a second metal connector, wherein the first planar rotation line, the second planar rotation line, the third planar rotation line, and the fourth planar rotation line have the same rotational symmetry center point, and the first planar rotation line, the second planar rotation line, the third planar rotation line, and the fourth planar rotation line are distributed rotationally symmetrically along the rotational symmetry center point at an angle of 90°. The first and third planar rotation lines are centrally symmetrically distributed around the rotational symmetry center point, and the second and fourth planar rotation lines are also centrally symmetrically distributed around the rotational symmetry center point. One end of the first metal connector is connected to the first planar rotation line, and the other end of the first metal connector is connected to the third planar rotation line. One end of the second metal connector is connected to the second planar rotation line, and the other end of the second metal connector is connected to the fourth planar rotation line. The first and second metal connectors are spaced apart. A power feeding unit is disposed on the second surface and provides dual-polarization excitation to the radiation unit through a coupling power feeding method.

[0006] Using the above technical solution, the feeding unit provides dual-polarized excitation to the radiating unit through a coupled feeding method, forming dual-polarized directional radiation through the four planar spirals of the radiating unit. The coupled feeding method effectively reduces energy reflection during feeding, thereby improving the gain of the antenna unit. The dual-polarized directional radiation formed by the four planar spirals enhances the gain characteristics of the antenna unit.

[0007] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the power supply unit includes four power supply components, the four power supply components have a symmetrical center point, the four power supply components are distributed at an angle of 90° around the symmetrical center point, and the two power supply components located on opposite sides of the symmetrical center point are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, two pairs of four feeders are evenly distributed around the center point of symmetry at a 90° angle. The four feeders provide dual-polarization excitation for the radiation unit, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the feeder unit.

[0009] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the power supply component includes a power supply section and an extension section, one end of the power supply section away from the central symmetry point is connected to the extension section, and the extension direction of the other end of the power supply section near the central symmetry point passes through the central symmetry point and the extension directions of the power supply sections of adjacent power supply components are perpendicular to each other.

[0010] By employing the above technical solution, the feeding section and the extension section work together to provide dual-polarization excitation through the radiating element, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the feeding element. The feeding element has a simple structure and has minimal impact on the bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0011] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the second metal connector includes a metal connecting piece and two connecting posts. The first metal connector is disposed on the first surface, and the metal connecting piece is disposed on the second surface and spaced apart from the power feeding unit. Of the two connecting posts, one end of one connecting post is connected to the metal connecting piece, and the other end passes through the radiating substrate and is connected to the second planar rotation line. One end of the other connecting post is connected to the connecting piece, and the other end passes through the radiating substrate and is connected to the fourth planar rotation line.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the metal connecting pieces of the first and second metal connectors are respectively disposed on both sides of the radiating substrate to reduce the mutual influence between them.

[0013] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the antenna unit further includes a metal ring located on the second surface, and the feeding unit is located within the area enclosed by the metal ring.

[0014] The above technical solution uses a metal ring to improve the matching between the power supply unit and the radiation unit.

[0015] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the antenna unit further includes two feed cables and a metal base plate. The metal base plate is spaced apart from the radiating substrate and located on one side of the second surface of the radiating substrate. One end of each feed cable is connected to the metal base plate, the inner core of the other end of the feed cable is connected to one of the feed components, and the outer core of the other end of the feed cable is connected to the other feed component. The two feed components are centrally symmetrically distributed along the center point of symmetry.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the inner and outer cores of the two feed cables are connected to enable the feed unit to provide equal amplitude and reverse phase feed to the radiation unit.

[0017] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the extension is arc-shaped, and one end of the power supply part is connected to the middle part of the extension on the side near the center point of symmetry.

[0018] The extension is designed in an arc shape to reduce the impact of the insertion loss of the feed unit on the antenna unit gain.

[0019] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first planar rotation line, the second planar rotation line, the third planar rotation line, and the fourth planar rotation line are all Archimedean spirals, equiangular spirals, or rectangular spirals.

[0020] Based on the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the end of the power supply unit facing the center point of symmetry has a clearance portion, and the metal connecting piece is located in the area avoided by the clearance portions of the four power supply units.

[0021] A second aspect of the embodiments of this application provides an antenna array, including the antenna element described in any of the first aspects.

[0022] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna array described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the antenna element.

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the antenna element.

[0026] Figure 4A yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the antenna element shown from another angle.

[0027] Figure 4B yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna element from another angle.

[0028] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The graphs show the reflection coefficient, isolation, and achievable gain of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio curve of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0030] Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 These are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application at two polarization directions at 5.28 GHz, 6.04 GHz, and 6.87 GHz, respectively.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A perspective view of the antenna array shown.

[0033] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the achievable gain curve of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 These are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns of the sum beam, difference beam, and end-fire beam states of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application at the resonant frequency of 5.14 GHz in the symmetrical direction.

[0036] Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 These are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application at 5.91 GHz, with the beam, differential beam, and end-fire beam states in two symmetrical directions.

[0037] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Explanation of main component symbols

[0040] Antenna element 100

[0041] Radiation substrate 10

[0042] First surface 12

[0043] Second surface 14

[0044] Through hole 16

[0045] Radiation Unit 20

[0046] First plane rotation line 21

[0047] Second plane rotation line 22

[0048] Third plane rotation line 23

[0049] Fourth plane rotation line 24

[0050] First metal connector 25

[0051] Second metal connector 26

[0052] Metal connecting piece 262

[0053] Connecting post 264

[0054] Center of rotational symmetry O

[0055] Metal base plate 30

[0056] Through hole 32

[0057] Feeding unit 40

[0058] Power supply component 42

[0059] Power supply section 422

[0060] Yielding Department 4222

[0061] Extension 424

[0062] Metal ring 50

[0063] 60 feeder cable

[0064] Core 62

[0065] Outer core 64

[0066] Metal connecting post 70

[0067] Antenna Array 200

[0068] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate this application. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the application in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. To provide a thorough understanding of this application, many specific details will be included in the following description. This application may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0070] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are defined relative to the indicated orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts used for relative description and clarification, and they may change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0071] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly, for example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0072] In the following detailed description of the embodiments in conjunction with the schematic diagrams, for ease of explanation, the diagrams showing the partial structure of the device will be enlarged locally without adhering to the usual scale, and the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0073] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0075] like Figure 1As shown, the antenna unit 100 includes a radiating substrate 10 and a radiating unit 20. The radiating substrate 10 includes a first surface 12 and a second surface 14 disposed opposite to each other. The radiating unit 20 is located on the first surface 12 of the radiating substrate 10.

[0076] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 This is an exploded view of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna unit 100 also includes a feeding unit 40, which is disposed on the second surface 14 of the radiating substrate 10. The feeding unit 40 provides dual-polarization excitation to the radiating unit 20 through a coupling feeding method.

[0078] Please see also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The radiation unit 20 includes a first plane rotation line 21, a second plane rotation line 22, a third plane rotation line 23, and a fourth plane rotation line 24. The first plane rotation line 21, the second plane rotation line 22, the third plane rotation line 23, and the fourth plane rotation line 24 have the same rotational symmetry center point O. The first plane rotation line 21, the second plane rotation line 22, the third plane rotation line 23, and the fourth plane rotation line 24 are rotationally symmetric along the rotational symmetry center point O at an angle of 90°. The first plane rotation line 21 and the third plane rotation line 23 are centrally symmetric along the rotational symmetry center point O, and the second plane rotation line 22 and the fourth plane rotation line 24 are centrally symmetric along the rotational symmetry center point O.

[0079] It can be understood that the first plane rotation line 21, the second plane rotation line 22, the third plane rotation line 23, and the fourth plane rotation line 24 are rotationally symmetrically distributed. Therefore, the four plane rotation lines have the same structure and the same direction of rotation. Figure 2 The four planar rotation lines can all be left-handed; however, in other embodiments, the four planar rotation lines can all be right-handed. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the radiation unit 20 also includes a first metal connector 25 and a second metal connector 26 spaced apart. One end of the first metal connector 25 is connected to a first plane rotation line 21, and the other end of the first metal connector 25 is connected to a third plane rotation line 23. One end of the second metal connector 26 is connected to a second plane rotation line 22, and the other end of the second metal connector 26 is connected to a fourth plane rotation line 24.

[0080] The aforementioned antenna element 100, with its feeding unit 40 providing dual-polarized excitation to the radiating unit 20 via a coupled feeding method, forms dual-polarized directional radiation through the four planar spirals of the radiating unit 20. The coupled feeding method of the feeding unit 40 effectively reduces energy reflection during the feeding process, thereby improving the gain of the antenna element 100. The dual-polarized directional radiation formed by the four planar spirals enhances the gain characteristics of the antenna element 100.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first metal connector 25 is disposed on the first surface 12, and the second metal connector 26 includes a metal connecting piece 262 and two connecting posts 264. The metal connecting piece 262 is disposed on the second surface 14 and spaced apart from the power feeding unit 40. Of the two connecting posts 264, one end of one connecting post 264 is connected to the metal connecting piece 262 and the other end is connected to the second plane rotation line 22, and one end of the other connecting post 264 is connected to the metal connecting piece 262 and the other end is connected to the fourth plane rotation line 24. In this way, by disposing the first metal connector 25 and the metal connecting piece 262 on both sides of the radiating substrate 10, the interference between the two is reduced.

[0082] In some embodiments, through-holes 16 can be formed on the radiating substrate 10 using a metal hole process, and connecting posts 264 can pass through the through-holes 16 to connect with the corresponding planar rotation lines.

[0083] Among the four helical antennas—first plane rotation line 21, second plane rotation line 22, third plane rotation line 23, and fourth plane rotation line 24—two adjacent helical antennas have an initial phase difference of 90°. Two helical antennas with an initial phase difference of 180° are centrally symmetrically distributed around the rotational symmetry center point O.

[0084] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The four spiral antennas have two ends. One end is close to the rotational symmetry center point O and is connected to the corresponding metal connector. The other end of the spiral antenna away from the rotational symmetry center point O is open.

[0085] It is understood that in other embodiments, the first metal connector 25 and the second metal connector 26 may be disposed on the same side of the radiating substrate 10. For example, the first metal connector 25 and the second metal connector 26 may be stacked on the first surface 12. Interference between the first metal connector 25 and the second metal connector 26 can be reduced by providing an insulating member (e.g., an insulating device) between them. Of course, the first metal connector 25 and the second metal connector 26 may also both be disposed on the second surface 14.

[0086] In some embodiments, the first plane rotation line 21, the second plane rotation line 22, the third plane rotation line 23, and the fourth plane rotation line 24 are all Archimedean spirals.

[0087] Furthermore, the four planar helical antennas described above satisfy the following formula:

[0088] r = r0 + a(θ - θ0);

[0089] Where r is the distance from any point on the Archimedean spiral to the origin, r0 is the radius of the starting point of the Archimedean spiral, a is the rate of change of the Archimedean spiral, θ0 is the starting angle of the Archimedean spiral, and θ is the current azimuth angle.

[0090] For example, the radius of the starting point of the spiral is r0 = 1.5 mm, and the rate of change of the Archimedes spiral is a = 1 mm / rad.

[0091] It is understood that in other embodiments, the first plane rotation line 21, the second plane rotation line 22, the third plane rotation line 23 and the fourth plane rotation line 24 may be equiangular spirals or rectangular spirals.

[0092] In some embodiments, the width of the four planar rotation lines remains constant during rotation. For example, the width remains constant at 0.82 mm during rotation.

[0093] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the antenna element 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0094] like Figure 3 As shown, the feeding unit 40 includes four feeding elements 42, each with a symmetrical center point. The four feeding elements 42 are distributed at a 90° angle around the symmetrical center point, with the two feeding elements 42 located on opposite sides of the symmetrical center point exhibiting a centrally symmetrical distribution. Thus, the four feeding elements 42 form a coupled feeding structure to provide dual-polarized feeding to the radiating unit 20 via coupled feeding, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the feeding unit 40.

[0095] In some embodiments, the central symmetry point and the rotational symmetry center point O are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the radiating substrate 10. The feeding unit 40 and the radiating unit 20 are respectively arranged on both sides of the radiating substrate 10 and are symmetrically and uniformly distributed along the center line formed by the line connecting the central symmetry point and the rotational symmetry center point O, so that they have good feeding performance.

[0096] In some embodiments, the power supply element 42 includes a power supply section 422 and an extension section 424. One end of the power supply section 422, away from the central symmetry point, is connected to the extension section 424. The other end of the power supply section 422, near the central symmetry point, extends through the central symmetry point, and the extension directions of the power supply sections 422 of adjacent power supply elements 42 are perpendicular to each other. The extension direction of the other end of the power supply section 422 near the central symmetry point coincides with the extension direction of the power supply section 422 of the opposite power supply element 42. The extension direction of the power supply section 422 of each power supply element 42 is different from the extension direction of the extension section 424. Thus, by having the power supply sections 422 and extension sections 424 of four identical power supply elements 42 cooperate with each other, dual-polarized power is provided to the radiation unit 20.

[0097] Please see Figure 3 The extension 424 is arc-shaped, and the power supply part 422 of each power supply component 42 is connected to the middle part of the side of the corresponding extension 424 near the central symmetrical point, so that the power supply component 42 is similar in shape to the "Egyptian tomahawk" and improves the power supply performance of the power supply unit 40.

[0098] It is understood that in other embodiments, the extension 424 may be of other shapes, such as a strip, and the extension direction of the strip-shaped extension 424 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the corresponding power supply 422.

[0099] Figure 3 Each of the four power supply components 42 has a clearance portion 4222 at one end near the central symmetrical point, which makes way for the second metal connector 26 disposed on the second surface 14 of the radiating substrate 10.

[0100] Figure 3 The intermediate power supply section 422 is generally rectangular, and the clearance section 4222 is the chamfer of the power supply section 422 of the power supply member 42. The second metal connector 26 is disposed in the area formed by the chamfer clearance of the adjacent power supply member 42.

[0101] In some embodiments, the antenna element 100 further includes a metal ring 50 located on the second surface 14, and the feed element 40 is located within the area enclosed by the metal ring 50. The metal ring 50 improves the matching between the feed element 40 and the radiating element 20.

[0102] Figure 3 The metal ring 50 is circular. It is understood that in other embodiments, the metal ring 50 may be a ring of other shapes, such as a rectangular ring, a trapezoidal ring, a regular polygonal ring (trilateral, square, regular pentagon, etc.).

[0103] In a comparative embodiment, the antenna element 100 without the metal ring 50 operates in the 4.87 GHz-6.21 GHz frequency band. Although a resonant point still exists in the 7.21 GHz-7.46 GHz band, the matching is poor in the 6.21 GHz-7.21 GHz band. The antenna element 100 with the metal ring 50 exhibits good matching in the 4.89 GHz-7.00 GHz band, thus achieving bandwidth extension.

[0104] In some embodiments, see Figure 4A and 4B The antenna unit 100 also includes a metal base plate 30 and two feed cables 60. The metal base plate 30 is spaced apart from the radiating substrate 10 and located on one side of the second surface 14 of the radiating substrate 10. One end of each feed cable 60 is connected to the metal base plate 30, the inner core 62 of the other end is connected to one of the feed components 42, and the outer core 64 of the other end is connected to the other feed component 42. The two feed components 42 are centrally symmetrically distributed around the center point of symmetry.

[0105] Thus, by using different connection methods for the inner and outer cores of the feed cable 60, the feed unit 40 can provide equal amplitude and reverse phase feed to the radiation unit 20.

[0106] Furthermore, the inner core 62 and outer core 64 of each feeder cable 60 are respectively connected to two feeder components 42 that are centrally symmetrically distributed along the center point of symmetry.

[0107] Furthermore, the antenna unit 100 also includes a metal connecting post 70, one end of which is connected to the outer core 64 of the feed cable 60, and the other end of which is connected to the feed section 422 of one of the feed components 42.

[0108] The metal base plate 30 is a reflector used to enhance the gain of the spatial radiation from the metal base plate 30 to the radiating substrate 10 of the antenna element 100.

[0109] Figure 4A The metal connecting post 70 is generally L-shaped. It is understood that in other embodiments, the metal connecting post 70 may be other shapes.

[0110] In some embodiments, the metal base plate 30 is provided with a through hole 32 through which the power supply cable 60 passes.

[0111] The through hole 32 is a square hole. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the through hole 32 may be a hole of other shapes.

[0112] It is understood that in other embodiments, the power supply unit 40 may provide equal-amplitude and anti-phase power to the radiation unit 20 in other ways, such as by connecting two centrally symmetrical power supply components 42 through circuit board traces, so as to provide equal-amplitude and anti-phase power to the radiation unit 20.

[0113] In some embodiments, the antenna element 100 formed by the metal ring 50, the radiating element 20, the feeding element 40, the feeding cable 60, and the metal base plate 30 satisfies the following formula:

[0114] C = λ;

[0115] H < 1 / 6λ;

[0116] Where C is the perimeter of the circular region formed by the four planar rotation lines of the radiating element 20, λ is one waveguide wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the antenna element 100, and H is the distance between the planar rotation lines and the metal base plate 30 in the direction from the metal base plate 30 to the radiating substrate 10. With the above configuration, the gain of the antenna element 100 can be greater than 8 dBi, the relative bandwidth can exceed 30%, and the polarization isolation can be greater than 15 dB. Furthermore, the antenna element 100 can be fabricated using planar circuit technology, making it easy to implement.

[0117] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the antenna element 100 also satisfies the following formula:

[0118] L < 1 / 2λ;

[0119] Where L is the extension length of the power supply element 42 in the direction of extension away from the center of symmetry.

[0120] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The reflection coefficients (|S) of the antenna elements provided in the embodiments of this application are respectively 11 |), Isolation (|S) 12 |) and a schematic diagram of the curves representing the realized gain.

[0121] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, antenna element 100 satisfies |S 11 With a bandwidth of -10dB, the operating bandwidth can cover 4.89GHz-7.00GHz; since there is no reciprocity between the two ports of antenna element 100, the matched bandwidth between the two ports of antenna element 100 is 4.95GHz-6.82GHz, which is slightly narrower than that of port 1. Figure 6 As shown, when θ = 0° and φ = 0°, the gain of antenna element 100 is greater than 8 dBi in the 5.1 GHz-5.9 GHz frequency band when exciting port 1; Figure 5 and Figure 6It can be seen that within the frequency band, the isolation of the antenna element 100 is greater than 15dB, indicating that the mutual coupling between the two ports of the antenna element 100 is relatively small.

[0122] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio (AR) curve of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0123] like Figure 7 As shown, the AR of antenna element 100 in the 4.95GHz-6.82GHz frequency band is greater than 12dB, indicating that the antenna element 100 of this application has good linear polarization characteristics.

[0124] Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 These are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application at two polarization directions: 5.28 GHz, 6.04 GHz, and 6.87 GHz.

[0125] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the 5dB beamwidths of the antenna element 100 at 5.28 GHz, 6.04 GHz, and 6.87 GHz are 57°, 98°, and 86° for port 1, and 87°, 84°, and 95°, respectively, for port 2, respectively. The front-to-back ratio reaches 19.5 dBi, which indicates that the antenna element 100 provided in this embodiment has good directional high-gain radiation characteristics at high frequencies.

[0126] As can be seen from the above effects, the antenna element 100 provided in this application embodiment has a good effective bandwidth, can achieve a good gain value and high gain flatness, has a simple overall structure, and the feeding structure and feeding method are relatively simple and easy to implement.

[0127] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 for Figure 11 A perspective view of the antenna array shown.

[0128] Figure 11 and Figure 12 The antenna array 200 includes twenty antenna elements 100 as described in the above embodiments; Figure 12The twenty antenna elements 100, numbered 1a to 20a, have identical structures. The antenna array 200 is divided into two parts. The first part consists of 16 antenna elements 100 symmetrically distributed along the xoy plane, 8 antenna elements 100 evenly spaced along the positive Z-axis, and 8 antenna elements 100 evenly spaced along the negative Z-axis. The second part consists of four antenna elements 100 distributed along the yoz plane, including two antenna elements 100 distributed along the positive x-axis and two antenna elements 100 distributed along the negative x-axis.

[0129] The aforementioned antenna array 200 has a simple structure and reserves space for subsequent feeding structures, thus enabling the antenna array 200 to achieve multi-functionality. By assembling multiple antenna elements 100, the antenna array 200 is obtained, resulting in higher antenna gain and the ability to switch antenna directions.

[0130] Figure 13 The reflection coefficient (|S) of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application 11 |) Curve graph.

[0131] It should be noted that, due to Figure 11 The antenna array 200 in the diagram has a highly symmetrical structure. Therefore, it is not necessary to analyze the properties of each element port during the analysis. Studying the properties of three representative element ports is sufficient to represent the properties of all element ports in the antenna array 200. In this implementation case analysis, [the following is selected...] Figure 12 The antenna elements 100 corresponding to 1a, 2a, and 17a are analyzed. For example... Figure 13 As shown, antenna element 100 satisfies |S 11 With a bandwidth of -10dB, the operating bandwidth of each port can cover 4.89GHz-6.84GHz, which is slightly narrower than the operating bandwidth of a single port. The resonant frequency of each port does not deviate significantly, with only slight differences in matching depth.

[0132] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the realized gain curve of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0133] like Figure 14 As shown, considering the actual usage scenarios of this antenna array, Figure 14 The gain curves are shown in two states: the first is when both are turned on. Figure 12 The ports of antenna elements 100 corresponding to 1a, 2a, 5a, and 6a are turned on simultaneously. Figure 12When the ports of antenna elements 100 (3a, 4a, 7a, 8a) are opened, the maximum gain occurs on the positive Z-axis. At this time, the gain of antenna array 200 is 10.4 dBi-13.9 dBi in the 4.89 GHz-6.84 GHz frequency band. A similar gain occurs when the ports of antenna elements 100 corresponding to 9a, 10a, 13a, 14 or 11a, 12a, 15a, 16a, placed along the negative Z-axis are opened; the gain of antenna array 200 in the corresponding frequency band is 10.7 dBi-12.7 dBi. The second scenario involves opening only the ports of antenna elements corresponding to 17a or 18a placed along the positive X-axis. The gain of antenna array 200 in the 4.89 GHz-6.84 GHz frequency band is 7.76 dBi-8.03 dBi. When only the ports of antenna elements corresponding to 17a or 18a placed along the positive X-axis are opened, the gain of antenna array 200 is 7.76 dBi-8.03 dBi in the 4.89 GHz-6.84 GHz frequency band. When antenna element 100 corresponding to 19a or 20a is placed (X), the gain of antenna array 200 is 6.78dBi-9.10dBi in the 4.89GHz-6.84GHz frequency band.

[0134] Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 These are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns of the sum beam, difference beam, and end-fire beam states of the antenna array provided in this application embodiment at the resonant frequency of 5.14 GHz in the symmetrical direction.

[0135] like Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17As shown, the sum beam state is when only antenna elements 100 corresponding to 1a, 2a, 5a, and 6a are excited, and the phases of the antenna elements 100 corresponding to 1a and 5a are the same as those of the antenna elements 100 corresponding to 2a and 6a (solid lines represent the four antenna elements 100 excited along the positive Z-axis, and dashed lines represent the four antenna elements 100 excited along the negative Z-axis); the difference beam state is when only antenna elements 100 corresponding to 1a, 2a, 5a, and 6a are excited, and the phases of the antenna elements 100 corresponding to 1a and 5a are 180° different from those of the antenna elements 100 corresponding to 2a and 6a (solid lines represent the four antenna elements 100 excited along the positive Z-axis, and dashed lines represent the four antenna elements 100 excited along the negative Z-axis); the end-fire state is when only antenna elements 100 corresponding to 17a or 18a are excited (solid lines represent the antenna elements excited along the positive X-axis, and dashed lines represent the antenna elements excited along the negative X-axis). The peak gain of the beam along the positive Z-axis is 11.23 dBi, with a 5dB beamwidth of 67°. The peak gain along the negative Z-axis is 11.4 dBi, with a 5dB beamwidth of 68°. The peak gain of the differential beam along the positive Z-axis is 11.16 dBi, with a 5dB beamwidth of 51°. The peak gain along the negative Z-axis is 9.7 dBi, with a 5dB beamwidth of 61°. The peak gain along the positive X-axis is 6.9 dBi, with a 5dB beamwidth of 100°. The peak gain along the negative X-axis is 8.08 dBi, with a 5dB beamwidth of 86°.

[0136] Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 These are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns of the antenna array 200 provided in this application embodiment at 5.91 GHz, with the beam, differential beam, and end-fire beam states in two symmetrical directions.

[0137] The peak gain of the beam along the positive Z-axis is 12.68 dBi, and the 5dB beamwidth is 56°. The peak gain of the beam along the negative Z-axis is 12.69 dBi, and the 5dB beamwidth is 57°. The peak gain of the differential beam along the positive Z-axis is 10.8 dBi, and the 5dB beamwidth is 52°. The peak gain of the differential beam along the negative Z-axis is 11.2 dBi, and the 5dB beamwidth is 53°. The peak gain of the end-fire beam along the positive X-axis is 7.8 dBi, and the 5dB beamwidth is 100°. The peak gain of the end-fire beam along the negative X-axis is 8.3 dBi, and the 5dB beamwidth is 95°.

[0138] Please see Figure 21 , Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna array 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna array 200 includes four antenna elements 100 distributed circumferentially, and the antenna array 200 has a center point. Among the four antenna elements 100, the two antenna elements 100 located on opposite sides of the center point are symmetrically distributed. Of course, in other embodiments, the arrangement of the multiple antenna elements 100 can also be in other ways.

[0139] Please see Figure 22 , Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes an antenna, which includes the antenna element 100 or the antenna array 200 described in the above embodiments.

[0140] It is understood that in other embodiments, the electronic device may also include other components, such as radio frequency circuits, which cooperate with the antenna to communicate data with other electronic devices.

[0141] For example, the electronic device is a routing device, and the radio frequency circuit works with the antenna to provide two radio frequency channels through two feeders, so that the dual-polarized antenna can transmit WiFi signals to the surrounding area, so that the terminals around the routing device can access the network and realize data communication.

[0142] Among them, electronic devices 300 can be routers, switches, etc.

[0143] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, include: A radiating substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; A radiating unit is disposed on the first surface. The radiating unit includes a first planar rotation line, a second planar rotation line, a third planar rotation line, a fourth planar rotation line, a first metal connector, and a second metal connector. The first, second, third, and fourth planar rotation lines have the same rotational symmetry center point and are distributed rotationally symmetrically around the rotational symmetry center point at an angle of 90°. The first and third planar rotation lines are centrally symmetrically distributed around the rotational symmetry center point, and the second and fourth planar rotation lines are centrally symmetrically distributed around the rotational symmetry center point. One end of the first metal connector is connected to the first planar rotation line, and the other end of the first metal connector is connected to the third planar rotation line. One end of the second metal connector is connected to the second planar rotation line, and the other end of the second metal connector is connected to the fourth planar rotation line. The first metal connector and the second metal connector are spaced apart. A power feeding unit is disposed on the second surface and provides dual-polarization excitation to the radiation unit through a coupling power feeding method.

2. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes four power supply components, which have a symmetrical center point. The four power supply components are distributed around the symmetrical center point at an angle of 90°, and the two power supply components located on opposite sides of the symmetrical center point are centrally symmetrically distributed.

3. The antenna element as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply component includes a power supply section and an extension section. One end of the power supply section away from the center of symmetry is connected to the extension section. The extension direction of the other end of the power supply section near the center of symmetry passes through the center of symmetry, and the extension directions of the power supply sections of adjacent power supply components are perpendicular to each other.

4. The antenna element as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second metal connector includes a metal connecting piece and two connecting posts. The first metal connector is disposed on the first surface, and the metal connecting piece is disposed on the second surface and spaced apart from the power feeding unit. Of the two connecting posts, one end of the connecting post is connected to the metal connecting piece, and the other end passes through the radiating substrate and is connected to the second planar rotation line. One end of the other connecting post is connected to the connecting piece, and the other end passes through the radiating substrate and is connected to the fourth planar rotation line.

5. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes a metal ring disposed on the second surface, and the feeding unit is located within the area enclosed by the metal ring.

6. The antenna element as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes two feed cables and a metal base plate. The metal base plate is spaced apart from the radiating substrate and located on one side of the second surface of the radiating substrate. One end of each feed cable is connected to the metal base plate, the inner core of the other end of the feed cable is connected to one of the feed components, and the outer core of the other end of the feed cable is connected to the other feed component. The two feed components are centrally symmetrically distributed along the center point of symmetry.

7. The antenna element as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The extension portion is arc-shaped, and one end of the power supply portion is connected to the middle part of the extension portion on the side near the center point of symmetry.

8. The antenna element as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first plane rotation line, the second plane rotation line, the third plane rotation line, and the fourth plane rotation line are all Archimedean spirals, equiangular spirals, or rectangular spirals.

9. The antenna element as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply section has a clearance portion at one end facing the center point of symmetry, and the metal connecting piece is located in the area avoided by the clearance portions of the four power supply sections.

10. An antenna array, characterized in that, The antenna array includes at least one antenna element as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes the antenna array as described in claim 10.

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