A method for improving vegetable fertilizer efficiency by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1, in the first crop of fertilization, duck manure biological organic fertilizer is spread as base fertilizer, and deep ploughing and deep loosening are performed to improve the soil. After completing the soil improvement operation, duck manure composite microbial fertilizer is spread as base fertilizer, and shallow tillage is performed to evenly mix the soil; S2, in the second crop, base fertilizer is not spread, straw composite microbial fertilizer is spread as base fertilizer, and shallow tillage is performed to evenly mix the soil; S3, in the third crop, base fertilizer is not spread, duck manure composite microbial fertilizer is spread as base fertilizer, and shallow tillage is performed to evenly mix the soil; S4, S2 and S3 are repeated for each subsequent planting. The present invention can effectively solve the serious problems of excessive agricultural residues and heavy metals in products, can continuously improve vegetable yield and quality, and also has the effects of weight loss, quality improvement, increased production, and increased efficiency, and maintains efficient production of continuous crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composite microbial fertilizers, in particular to a method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating composite microbial fertilizers of duck manure and straw. Background Art

[0002] At present, a small number of high-end vegetables use soilless substrate cultivation alternative mode to maintain high-efficiency continuous production. The main technologies include high-temperature disinfection of substrate, nutrient solution supply of all-element water-soluble fertilizer, and comprehensive ecological control of pests and diseases based on greenhouse air humidity and temperature control combined with chemical control measures. It has indeed achieved the effect of high-efficiency continuous production of greenhouse vegetable greenhouses in facility horticulture. However, the construction and operation costs are high, which is not feasible for the majority of vegetable growers and small farmers. Biofertilizer and biopesticide technologies with biocontrol bacteria technology as the core are favored by researchers because of their environmental protection, safety, high efficiency, and compliance with ecological control principles. A large number of related products have been put on the market at home and abroad, and have achieved certain practical results. However, the effect of biocontrol bacteria technology is unstable, the technology of strain rejuvenation, survival, colonization, and efficacy is complex, and the specificity is strong. There are key technical problems that are difficult to resist the infection and disease of complex pathogens. In practice, it often presents the dilemma of promotion but not widespread.

[0003] Moreover, the existing biofertilizers have a low degree of standardization, uneven product quality, and difficult supervision and regulation. In agricultural production practice, repeated applications also have the terrible effect of "pathogen culture medium". Therefore, in actual production, most farmers and small farmers basically abandon and reject farmyard manure and biofertilizer. In production practice, they often treat soil with continuous cropping and highly developed salinization as a substrate. They generally use all-element water-soluble fertilizers or chemical fertilizers mixed with water for spraying and drip irrigation to provide nutrients for horticultural crops, and use high-frequency application of pesticides (2-3 times a week) to maintain the efficient production of facility vegetables. The main problems are extremely low fertilizer utilization rate (below 15%), highly developed soil salinization, serious excessive pesticide residues and heavy metals in products, the quality and safety of agricultural products cannot be guaranteed, the agricultural non-point source pollution load is high, and it is increasingly difficult to continue continuous crop production. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer, which effectively solves the problems of serious excessive pesticide residues and heavy metals in products, can continuously improve vegetable yield and quality, and at the same time has the effects of reducing weight, improving quality, increasing production and increasing efficiency, thereby maintaining efficient production of continuous crops.

[0005] A technical purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. For the first fertilization, spread duck manure bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deep plow and loosen the soil. After completing the soil improvement operation, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and shallowly till and evenly mix the soil;

[0007] S2, the second crop, no base fertilizer is spread, straw compound microbial fertilizer is spread as base fertilizer, shallow tillage and uniform soil mixing;

[0008] S3, the third crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly;

[0009] S4, repeat S2 and S3 in rotation for each subsequent planting;

[0010] The straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises 28%-32% chrysanthemum wither, 28%-32% tobacco dust, 28%-32% humic acid, 8%-10% carbon-nitrogen regulator, 5% organic material decomposition agent, and 1% functional bacterial agent;

[0011] The straw composite microbial fertilizer is prepared by mixing the straw bio-organic fertilizer and the carbon-based formula fertilizer in a ratio of 11-12:1;

[0012] The duck manure composite microbial fertilizer is prepared by mixing duck manure biological organic fertilizer and the carbon-based formula fertilizer in a ratio of 11-12:1;

[0013] The carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a ratio of 3:2;

[0014] The duck manure biological organic fertilizer comprises 23%-27% duck manure fermented by anaerobic and aerobic fermentation, 21%-25% chrysanthemum blight, 28%-32% tobacco dust, 9%-13% humic acid, 3%-5% carbon nitrogen regulator, 6%-7% organic material composting agent and 1% functional bacterial agent.

[0015] Further preferably, in step S1, before spreading the base fertilizer, the seeds are first dried in the shed for two weeks, after spreading the base fertilizer, the seeds are dried in the shed for another two weeks, and after spreading the base fertilizer, the seeds are dried in the shed for another two weeks.

[0016] Further preferably, in step S1 and step S2, before spreading the base fertilizer, the soil is first deeply plowed and loosened, and then aired in a greenhouse for one week.

[0017] Further preferably, the carbon-nitrogen regulator includes distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate, and potassium fumate.

[0018] Further preferably, the functional bacterial agent is a No. 1 microbial agent, an aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and a polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent prepared in a ratio of 4:1:5.

[0019] Further preferably, the carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer includes 55%-65% ammonium sulfate, 8%-12% urea, 19%-21% ammonium chloride, and 8%-12% biochar; the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer includes 7%-9% superphosphate, 56%-63% potassium sulfate, and 30%-35% monoammonium phosphate.

[0020] Further preferably, the biochar is rubber charcoal.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] First, the present invention uses duck manure bio-organic fertilizer combined with deep plowing and soil improvement for the first crop of planting. The straw bio-organic fertilizer has the effect of promoting the reproduction and proliferation of biocontrol functional Bacillus and most beneficial fungi, which is extremely beneficial for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases;

[0023] Secondly, the present invention uses rotary tillage and shallow turning combined with duck manure composite microbial fertilizer to accurately supply fertilizer to the root zone and plant beneficial microorganisms, which can take into account both soil improvement and fertilizer supply, and not only pays attention to the key role of biological fertilizers in improving soil ecology, but also builds a tighter biological defense circle in the rhizosphere, which is also very beneficial to controlling soil-borne diseases of vegetables;

[0024] Third, after the second crop, the present invention reduces the ecological adaptability of soil-borne pathogens to the composite microbial fertilizer to the maximum extent through the rotation of the straw composite microbial fertilizer and the duck manure composite microbial fertilizer, and the composite microbial rotary tillage and shallow application continuously and accurately supplies fertilizer and maintains a strict rhizosphere biocontrol circle, thereby continuously releasing the biocontrol function of the biological fertilizer to pathogens to the maximum extent and meeting the diversified nutrient requirements of vegetables, which can effectively control the breeding and spread of greenhouse vegetable diseases. With the continuous improvement of the biologically improved soil microecology, the fertilizer efficiency of greenhouse vegetable continuous crop production is getting higher and higher, the vegetable yield is continuously high and stable, and the flavor quality of vegetables is continuously improved;

[0025] Fourthly, the fertilization characteristics of the low-salt microbial fertilizer of the present invention, as well as the fertilization measures of the biological fertilizer for controlling nitrogen, promoting phosphorus, and increasing potassium, combined with the strategy of reducing the application of inorganic nutrients while increasing the fertilization of organic nutrients, can continuously coordinate and improve the nutrient supply imbalance and secondary salinization problems caused by the partial application of nitrogen fertilizers in production and the long-term application of chemical fertilizers ignoring organic nutrition, and can continuously coordinate and improve the soil nutrient supply situation. This is also an important reason why the nutrients of the biological fertilizer of the present invention can effectively replace the reduction of chemical fertilizers, and the application of technology can continuously improve the yield and quality of vegetables, and gradually enhance the reduction of weight, improvement of quality, increase of production, and increase of efficiency.

[0026] Fifth, the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer prepared through the natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials has greatly increased the number of most beneficial bacteria. The natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process is indeed helpful in reducing the "long-standing" problem of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) carrying toxins and bacteria. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1. For the first fertilization, spread duck manure bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deep plow and loosen the soil. After completing the soil improvement operation, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and shallowly till and evenly mix the soil;

[0031] S2, the second crop, no base fertilizer is spread, straw compound microbial fertilizer is spread as base fertilizer, shallow tillage and uniform soil mixing;

[0032] S3, the third crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly;

[0033] S4. Repeat S2 and S3 for each subsequent planting.

[0034] Preparation of straw bio-organic fertilizer

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] Preparation of carbon-based formula fertilizer

[0038] Carbon-based long-term nitrogen fertilizer

[0039] Raw material name Dosage ratio performance Material Channels Ammonium sulfate 60％ N≈20％ Commercially available Urea 10％ N＝46％ Commercially available Ammonium chloride 20％ N＝25％ Commercially available Biochar 10％ C≥60％ Commercially available, preferably rubber charcoal

[0040] High phosphorus and high potassium blended fertilizer

[0041]

[0042] The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the high-phosphorus and high-potassium mixed fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 3:2 to prepare the finished carbon-based formula fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 14-6-12.

[0043] Preparation of Straw Composite Microbial Fertilizer

[0044] The straw bio-organic fertilizer and the charcoal-based formula fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 11.5:1 to prepare the straw composite microbial fertilizer.

[0045] Preparation of composite microbial fertilizer containing duck manure

[0046] Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer

[0047]

[0048] Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer and charcoal-based formula fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 11.5:1 to prepare a composite microbial fertilizer containing duck manure.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1. For the first fertilization, spread duck manure bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deep plow and loosen the soil. After completing the soil improvement operation, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and shallowly till and evenly mix the soil;

[0052] S2, the second crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread straw compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly;

[0053] S3, the third crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly;

[0054] S4. Repeat S2 and S3 for each subsequent planting.

[0055] Preparation of straw bio-organic fertilizer

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Preparation of carbon-based formula fertilizer

[0059] Carbon-based long-term nitrogen fertilizer

[0060] Raw material name Dosage ratio performance Material Channels Ammonium sulfate 55％ N≈20％ Commercially available Urea 12％ N＝46％ Commercially available Ammonium chloride 21％ N＝25％ Commercially available Biochar 12％ C≥60％ Commercially available, preferably rubber charcoal

[0061] High phosphorus and high potassium blended fertilizer

[0062]

[0063] The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the high-phosphorus and high-potassium mixed fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 3:2 to prepare the finished carbon-based formula fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 14-6-12.

[0064] Preparation of Straw Composite Microbial Fertilizer

[0065] The straw bio-organic fertilizer and the charcoal-based formula fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 11:1 to prepare the straw composite microbial fertilizer.

[0066] Preparation of composite microbial fertilizer containing duck manure

[0067] Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer

[0068]

[0069] Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer and charcoal-based formula fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 12:1 to prepare a composite microbial fertilizer containing duck manure.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] A method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0072] S1. For the first fertilization, spread duck manure bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deep plow and loosen the soil. After completing the soil improvement operation, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and shallowly till and evenly mix the soil;

[0073] S2, the second crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread straw compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly;

[0074] S3, the third crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly;

[0075] S4. Repeat S2 and S3 for each subsequent planting.

[0076] Preparation of straw bio-organic fertilizer

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Preparation of carbon-based formula fertilizer

[0080] Carbon-based long-term nitrogen fertilizer

[0081] Raw material name Dosage ratio performance Material Channels Ammonium sulfate 65％ N≈20％ Commercially available Urea 8％ N＝46％ Commercially available Ammonium chloride 19％ N＝25％ Commercially available Biochar 8％ C≥60％ Commercially available, preferably rubber charcoal

[0082] High phosphorus and high potassium blended fertilizer

[0083]

[0084] The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the high-phosphorus and high-potassium mixed fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 3:2 to prepare the finished carbon-based formula fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 14-6-12.

[0085] Preparation of Straw Composite Microbial Fertilizer

[0086] The straw bio-organic fertilizer and the charcoal-based formula fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 12:1 to prepare the straw composite microbial fertilizer.

[0087] Preparation of composite microbial fertilizer containing duck manure

[0088] Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer

[0089]

[0090] Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer and charcoal-based formula fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 11:1 to prepare a composite microbial fertilizer containing duck manure.

[0091] Table 1 Nutrient analysis

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] From the analysis results of Table 1, the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) prepared by the present invention and the composite microorganism prepared therefrom, due to the fact that "salt" control is highly valued in terms of raw material ratio, process flow, etc., the total nutrient content of the composite microorganism prepared by the duck manure bio-organic fertilizer is 6.79%, which belongs to the typical bio-organic fertilizer and composite microbial fertilizer with low salt content. The straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has a total nutrient content of 4.40%, which belongs to the typical bio-organic fertilizer with low salt content. At the same time, the pH of the fertilizer is alkaline, which is very conducive to the improvement and repair of greenhouse vegetable salinization and acidified soil. The total nutrient content of the composite microorganism prepared by the straw bio-organic fertilizer is 6.29%, which also belongs to the typical low-salt composite microbial fertilizer, which can minimize the inhibitory effect of salt on functional microorganisms. At the same time, the nutrients of the biological design fertilizer of the present invention are generally characterized by controlling nitrogen, promoting phosphorus, and increasing potassium. Long-term application can continuously coordinate and improve the secondary salinization problem caused by the general partial nitrogen fertilizer in current production, and can continuously coordinate and improve the coordinated situation of the soil nutrient supply department. In addition, the application of carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer technology in composite microbial technology can enhance its adsorption capacity for active nitrogen, especially nitrate nitrogen, and effectively inhibit the loss of nitrogen nutrients; low-proportion chemical fertilizers and powdered high-phosphorus and high-potassium blends are beneficial to the layer-by-layer wrapping and activation of organic matter containing active biological bacteria in fertilizer phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Application to the soil is greatly beneficial to avoid direct contact between phosphorus and potassium nutrients and clay particles, and can effectively reduce the adsorption and fixation of phosphorus and potassium nutrients by clay colloids, which is greatly beneficial for fertilizer functional microorganisms to fully exert their efficacy in activating phosphorus and potassium and promoting the absorption of nutrients by vegetable crops.

[0095] Table 2 Heavy metal content analysis

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] From the test results in Table 2, it can be seen that the heavy metal content of the straw bio-organic fertilizer, straw composite microbial fertilizer, duck manure composite microbial fertilizer and other biofertilizers of the present invention is much lower than the NYT525-2021 and NYT798-2015 standards. The application of technology can effectively reduce the environmental risk of heavy metal pollution.

[0099] Table 3 Microbiological indicators

[0100]

[0101] From the biofertilizer analysis test result of table 3, the bacteria and actinomycetes for preparing the straw bio-organic fertilizer and duck manure bio-organic fertilizer all reach 100 billion and 10 billion levels respectively, and the effective living bacteria count of fungi reaches 100 million and 10 million levels respectively, far exceeding the standards of bio-organic fertilizer-NY884-2012 and composite microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015. But it should also be pointed out that due to the inhibitory effect of chemical fertilizer, the effective living bacteria count of straw composite microbial fertilizer and duck manure composite microbial bacteria of the present invention is reduced to 100 million levels, indicating that chemical fertilizer addition has a strong inhibitory effect on microbial reproduction and proliferation. But the composite microorganism preparation of the present invention strictly controls the fertilizer dosage ratio, belongs to typical low-salt composite microbial fertilizer, and its inhibitory effect on microorganisms is obviously reduced, so the effective living bacteria count of different composite microbial fertilizers is still far higher than the standards of bio-organic fertilizer-NY884-2012 and composite microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015.

[0102] Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, at the bacterial genus level, the fertilizer bacterial community is mainly composed of Paracoccus and Bacillaceae. Paracoccus mainly acts on nitrate nitrogen reduction. Compared with the raw materials of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the relative abundance of Paracoccus in the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer prepared by the natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process of the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials of the present invention is 0.32%, while there is no Paracoccus in the raw materials. At the fungal genus level, the fertilizer bacterial community is mainly composed of Botryotrichum, Archaeorhizomyces, Thermomyces, Microascus, Aspergillus and Acremonium. Thermomyces is a thermophilic ascomycete that decomposes cellulose and can produce thermostable xylanase. From the test results, the relative abundance of thermophilic fungi in the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) prepared by natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials increased by 115.38%; the metabolites of Aspergillus can effectively inhibit the growth of crop pathogens and are antagonistic bacteria that inhibit bacterial wilt. The test results show that the Aspergillus genus in the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) prepared by natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials increased by 97.71% compared with the raw materials, but the relative abundance of harmful Botrytis cinerea decreased by 85.53% compared with the raw materials. The test results show that the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) prepared by natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials has greatly increased the number of most beneficial bacteria, and the natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process is indeed conducive to reducing the "difficult" problem of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) carrying toxins and bacteria.

[0103] Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, the poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer prepared by natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process is further compounded with non-toxic straw (chrysanthemum withering, smoke and mud) waste and humic acid fermentation to prepare the poultry manure (duck manure) biological organic fertilizer. At the bacterial genus level, the fertilizer bacterial community is mainly composed of Nocardiopsis, Paracoccus and Bacillaceae. Nocardia can produce a variety of active and unique secondary metabolites. The test results show that Nocardia was not detected in the poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer, and the relative abundance of Nocardia in the poultry manure (duck manure) biological organic fertilizer prepared by using it as one of the main ingredients is as high as 29.96%; moreover, the abundance of Bacillus in the poultry manure (duck manure) biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is increased by 3761.11% compared with the poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer. It shows that the addition of localized functional bacteria (mainly Bacillus) effectively promoted the reproduction and proliferation of Bacillus in biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), and the fermentation preparation process was extremely beneficial to the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Nocardia.

[0104] Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, at the fungal genus level, the fertilizer bacterial community of poultry manure (duck manure) bio-organic fertilizer is mainly composed of Botryotrichum, Archaeorhizomyces, Thermomyces, Microascus, Aspergillus and Acremonium. Botryotrichum can cause soil-borne diseases. Compared with the poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer prepared by natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process, the relative abundance of Botryotrichum in the poultry manure (duck manure) bio-organic fertilizer was reduced by 95.84%. In addition, the bio-organic fertilizer containing poultry manure (duck manure) of the present invention also detects 0.01% of Archaea, 0.17% of Microcystis, 0.01% of Acremonium and other fungi with antibacterial activity, biocontrol, growth promotion, and pathogen inhibition functions, showing that its function of inhibiting soil-borne diseases is significantly enhanced. However, the test results also show that the bio-organic fertilizer containing poultry manure (duck manure) does reduce the abundance of Aspergillus fungi and thermophilic fungi with anti-bacterial wilt function, and obviously does not have the function of anti-bacterial wilt, and should be used with caution for crops prone to frequent bacterial wilt.

[0105] Straw organic fertilizer, duck manure compound microbial fertilizer, application method of straw compound microbial fertilizer

[0106] The comparative example (local vegetable greenhouse planting technology example) was tested at the vegetable planting base of Qujing Zhongjian Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Ciying Town, Qilin District, Qujing City. The test was as follows:

[0107] (1) The first crop was sowthistle, and a total of 3 examples were implemented (4 greenhouses, each greenhouse was 0.3 mu, and the total area of ​​the experimental site was 1.2 mu).

[0108] 1) At the end of November 2022, remove the previous crop, dry it in a shed for two weeks, evenly spread naturally fermented and air-dried cow dung (2.5 tons / mu, cow dung contains 14.5% organic matter, 0.45% nitrogen (N), 0.25% phosphorus (P2O5), 0.15% potassium (K2O), 0.85% total nutrients, and a pure input of 21.25kg), rotary tillage, deep plowing, deep loosening and evenly mixing the soil (depth 20-30cm), and then dry it in a shed for two weeks.

[0109] 2) Plant virus-free bitter vegetable seedlings (commercially available), the variety is, seedling height 7-8cm, 2-3 leaves, plant spacing 25×25cm, planting depth 3-5cm, covering soil 2-3cm), density 10,000-11,000 seedlings / mu.

[0110] 3) Field management

[0111] ① Spray pesticides: Furantoin. Dapoxetine (2023.3.11), a mixture of oxadiazine, cymoxanil formate, mancozeb, and glico (2023.3.30), and spread metaldehyde to control snails.

[0112] ② Topdressing: The first topdressing fertilizer for seedlings, calcium nitrate dosage 15kg / mu (2023.3.29, nitrogen content 17.1%, pure N input 2.57kg / mu); the second topdressing during the vigorous growth period, Autel balanced compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O is 17-17-1730kg / mu (2023.04.05, pure nitrogen (N) 5.1kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 5.1kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 5.1kg / mu, total fertilizer nutrient input 15.3kg / mu; the third topdressing during the bitter vegetable core period, Autel balanced compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O is 17-17-1730kg / mu (2023.04.05, converted to pure nitrogen (N) 5.1kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 5.1kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 5.1kg / mu, total fertilizer nutrient input 15.3kg / mu.

[0113] ③ Calculation of total nutrient input per mu (including cow dung nutrients): nitrogen (N) 24.02kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 16.45kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 13.95kg / mu, and the total nutrient input is 54.42kg / mu.

[0114] ④ Calculation of fertilizer conversion: nitrogen (N) 12.77kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 10.2kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 10.2kg / mu, and the total fertilizer nutrient input is 33.17kg / mu.

[0115] 4) Harvesting, yield measurement and quality index determination April 22, 2023: Measure yield per mu, investigate field diseases, germination rate, and collect fresh samples to return to the laboratory to measure quality indicators.

[0116] (2) Second crop (control example, 4 greenhouses, each greenhouse 0.3 mu, total test area 1.2 mu)

[0117] The test variety is Italian lettuce, and the test period is from April 23, 2023 to June 16, 2023. The second crop is similar to the first crop, except that cow dung is no longer used as base fertilizer. Instead, the soil is directly tilled and loosened (20 cm deep) after the previous crop is removed. After drying in the shed for a week, normal lettuce seedling planting, topdressing, and pesticide spraying are carried out according to the first crop method. The yield measurement, field disease and emergence rate survey were completed on June 16, 2023. The experimental fertilizer supply is a full fertilizer and topdressing input, and the net calculation is: nitrogen (N) 12.77kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 10.2kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 10.2kg / mu, and the total fertilizer nutrient input is 33.17kg / mu.

[0118] (3) The third crop (control example, 4 greenhouses, each greenhouse is 0.3 mu, and the total area of ​​the test site is 1.2 mu).

[0119] The test variety is Italian lettuce, and the test method is basically the same as the second crop. However, in the third crop, calcium nitrate was not used for the first topdressing of seedlings, but Autel balanced compound fertilizer was used, with N-P2O5-K2O of 17-17-17 and an application rate of 30 kg / mu. Autel balanced compound fertilizer was still used for the second and third topdressing, with N-P2O5-K2O of 17-17-17 and an application rate of 30 kg / mu each time. Pure calculation: nitrogen (N) 15.3 kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 15.3 kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 15.3 kg / mu, and the total fertilizer nutrient input was 45.9 kg / mu. The test period is from June 17, 2023 to August 1, 2023, and the yield measurement, field disease and emergence rate survey will be completed on August 1, 2023.

[0120] Comparative Example Technical Advantages and Disadvantages

[0121] The survey shows that in the vast vegetable-growing areas of Yunnan, in actual greenhouse vegetable (leafy) production, growers grow 4-6 crops a year, and deep plowing and deep loosening are carried out for each crop. The first crop of the year is generally planted with a large amount of farmyard manure to improve the soil. The farmyard manure used is mainly livestock and poultry manure, and the soil is generally disinfected by chemical pesticides or lime. In order to prevent and control diseases, livestock and poultry manure farmyard manure is generally disinfected with a large amount of pesticides before application. Farmyard manure is generally not used after the second crop, and greenhouse vegetable continuous production is mainly maintained by large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The main advantage is low input cost. No or less farmyard manure combined with soil disinfection, chemical pesticide prevention and control combined with deep plowing and deep loosening operations can effectively control the breeding and spread of greenhouse vegetable (leafy) diseases and pests, and effectively maintain the continuous production of greenhouse vegetables. The main problem is that vegetable fields are highly salinized, fertilizer efficiency is getting worse and worse, pesticides are used more and more, vegetable yields are low and they are gradually losing their original flavor and quality. The quality is getting worse and worse, that is, the common people's spoken language is less and less "vegetable", and it also brings huge agricultural non-point source pollution problems, which is obviously unsustainable.

[0122] Example of rotation application of duck manure composite microbial fertilizer and straw composite microbial fertilizer

[0123] (1) In the first batch, duck manure composite microbial fertilizer embodiment, the variety is mustard sow, and a total of 4 embodiments were implemented (4 greenhouses, each greenhouse is 0.3 mu, and the total area of ​​the test site is 1.2 mu).

[0124] 1) At the end of November 2022, the previous crop was removed, and the soil was aired in a shed for two weeks. Duck manure bio-organic fertilizer was evenly spread as base fertilizer (1 ton / mu). After applying the base fertilizer, the soil was evenly mixed by rotary tillage, deep plowing, deep loosening (20-30cm deep), and then aired in a shed for two weeks. The nutrient content of the experimental base fertilizer was pure: organic matter 36.04% (dry basis), total nitrogen (N, dry basis) 1.07%, total phosphorus (P2O5) 0.59%, potassium (K2O, dry basis) 2.38%, total nutrients (dry basis) 4.04%, and water 38.58%. After deducting the actual pure input of water, the total nitrogen (N, dry basis) was 6.57kg / mu, the total phosphorus (P2O5) was 3.62kg / mu, the total potassium (K2O) was 14.62kg / mu, and the total nutrient pure input was 24.81kg / mu.

[0125] 2) After the application of base fertilizer, deep ploughing and soil modification, the duck manure composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention is evenly spread as base fertilizer (500kg / mu), rotary tillage and shallow tillage are evenly mixed with soil, the depth is 10-15cm, and then the straw composite microbial fertilizer is aired for two weeks. The nutrient input of the test straw composite microbial fertilizer is pure: fertilizer organic matter 32.13% (dry basis calculation), total nitrogen (N, dry basis) 2.27%, total phosphorus (P2O5) 1.07%, total potassium (K2O, dry basis) 3.45%, total nutrients (dry basis) 6.79%, and moisture 36.32%. The actual nutrient input of the composite microbial fertilizer after deducting moisture is 7.23kg / mu of total nitrogen (N, dry basis), 3.41kg / mu of total phosphorus (P2O5), 10.98kg / mu of total potassium (K2O), and 21.62kg / mu of total nutrient input.

[0126] 3) Plant virus-free bitter vegetable seedlings (commercially available), the variety is, seedling height 7-8cm, 2-3 leaves, plant spacing 25×25cm, planting depth 3-5cm, covering soil 2-3cm), density 10,000-11,000 seedlings / mu.

[0127] 4) Field management

[0128] ① Spray pesticides: Furantoin. Dapoxetine (2023.3.11), a mixture of oxadiazine, cymoxanil formate, mancozeb, and glico (2023.3.30), and spread metaldehyde to control snails.

[0129] ② Topdressing: For the first topdressing of seedling fertilizer, the amount of calcium nitrate was reduced by 1 / 3 compared with the control, 10kg / mu (March 29, 2023, nitrogen content 17.1%, pure N input is 1.7kg / mu); for the second topdressing during the vigorous growth period, Autel balanced compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O is 17-17-17, and the amount of fertilizer applied was reduced by 1 / 3 compared with the control example, 20kg / mu (April 5, 2023), and the pure nitrogen (N) amount was 3.4kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) was 3.4kg / mu. Mu, potassium (K2O) 3.4kg / mu, total fertilizer nutrient input 10.2kg / mu; the third topdressing during the bitter vegetable core-covering period, Autel balanced compound fertilizer, fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O is 17-17-17, the amount of fertilizer applied is reduced by 1 / 3 compared with the control example, 20kg / mu (2023.04.05), the pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 3.4kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) is 3.4kg / mu, potassium (K2O) is 3.4kg / mu, and the total fertilizer nutrient input is 10.2kg / mu.

[0130] ③ Net calculation of total nutrient input per mu (including base fertilizer and basal fertilizer nutrients): Nitrogen (N) 22.30kg / mu, 1.72kg / mu more than the control (24.02kg / mu), and the total nitrogen nutrient input increased by 7.16% compared with the control; Phosphorus (P2O5) 13.83kg / mu, 2.62kg / mu less than the control (16.45kg / mu), and the total phosphorus nutrient input decreased by 15.93%; Potassium (K2O) 32.40kg / mu, 18.45kg / mu more than the control (13.95kg / mu), and the total potassium nutrient input increased by 132.25%.

[0131] ④ Calculation of pure fertilizer input per mu: Due to the addition of homemade vegetable charcoal-based formula fertilizer (fertilizer), the nutrient content of the experimental straw compound microbial fertilizer (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) also increased accordingly. This part of the increased nutrients contributes to the fertilizer nutrients. Based on this calculation, the fertilizer nitrogen nutrient added by the experimental application of compound microbial fertilizer is 3.82kg / mu, plus the fertilizer nitrogen input of seedling fertilizer and topdressing, the total fertilizer nitrogen input is 12.32kg / mu, which is 0.45kg / mu less than the control fertilizer nitrogen (N, 12.77kg / mu), and the reduction ratio of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient is 3.52%; the fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient added by the experimental application of compound microbial fertilizer is 1.53kg / mu, plus the fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient input of topdressing, the total fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient The input is 8.33kg / mu, which is 1.87kg / mu less than the total fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient input of the control (10.2kg / mu), and the reduction rate is 18.33%; the experimental application of compound microbial fertilizer increased the fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient by 3.41kg / mu, plus the fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient input of topdressing, the total fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient input is 10.21kg / mu, which is 0.01kg / mu more than the total fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient input of the control (10.20kg / mu).

[0132] 5) Harvest, yield measurement and quality index determination

[0133] April 22, 2023: Measure yield per mu, investigate field diseases, germination rate, and collect fresh samples to return to the laboratory to measure quality indicators.

[0134] (2) Second crop (only straw compound microbial fertilizer was applied, the test variety was Italian lettuce, 4 greenhouses, each greenhouse was 0.3 mu, and the total area of ​​the test site was 1.2 mu).

[0135] ① Experimental arrangement. The experimental period is from April 23, 2023 to June 16, 2023. The second crop is similar to the first crop, except that duck manure bio-organic fertilizer is no longer used as base fertilizer. Instead, the soil is directly rotary tilled and loosened (20-30cm deep) after the previous crop is removed. After drying in the shed for a week, straw compound microbial fertilizer (500kg / mu) is evenly spread as base fertilizer, and the soil is evenly mixed by rotary tillage and shallow tillage to a depth of 10-15cm. Then, normal lettuce seedling planting, topdressing, and pesticide spraying are carried out according to the first crop method. The yield measurement, field disease and emergence rate survey were completed on June 16, 2023.

[0136] ② The total nutrient input per mu of the experiment was calculated in pure terms (including basal fertilizer nutrients): Nitrogen (N) 15.75kg / mu, 2.98kg / mu more than the control (12.77kg / mu), and the total nitrogen nutrient input increased by 23.34% compared with the control; Phosphorus (P2O5) 10.41kg / mu, 0.21kg / mu more than the control (10.2kg / mu), and the increase ratio was 2.06%; Potassium (K2O) 18.18kg / mu, 7.98kg / mu more than the control (10.2kg / mu), and the total potassium nutrient input increased by 78.24%.

[0137] ③ Calculation of fertilizer input per mu: The increase in the nutrient content of the experimental compound microbial fertilizer (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) is regarded as the contribution of fertilizer nutrient input. In this way, the total fertilizer nitrogen input of the experimental compound microbial fertilizer treatment is 11.22kg / mu, which is 1.55kg / mu less than the control fertilizer nitrogen (N, 12.77kg / mu), and the reduction ratio of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient is 12.14%; the total fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient input increased by 8.36kg / mu by the experimental compound microbial fertilizer, which is 18.04% less than the control; the total fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient input of the experimental compound microbial fertilizer treatment is 9.20kg / mu, which is 1.00kg / mu less than the control total fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient input (10.20kg / mu), and the reduction ratio is 9.8%.

[0138] (3) The third crop (only the duck manure composite microbial fertilizer was applied, the test variety was Italian lettuce, 4 greenhouses, each greenhouse was 0.3 mu, and the total area of ​​the test site was 1.2 mu)

[0139] ① Experimental arrangement. The experimental variety is Italian lettuce. The experimental method is basically the same as the second crop, but the base fertilizer is replaced with duck manure composite microorganisms. In the third crop, calcium nitrate is not used for the first topdressing fertilizer for seedlings, but Autel balanced compound fertilizer is used, N-P2O5-K2O is 17-17-17, and the application amount is 20kg / mu. Autel balanced compound fertilizer is still used for the second and third topdressing, N-P2O5-K2O is 17-17-17, and the application amount is 20kg / mu each time. Calculation of the amount of nitrogen topdressing of converted fertilizers: nitrogen (N) 10.2kg / mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 10.2kg / mu, potassium (K2O) 10.2kg / mu, and the total input of fertilizer topdressing nutrients is 30.4kg / mu. The experimental period is from June 17, 2023 to August 1, 2023, and the yield measurement, field disease and emergence rate survey will be completed on August 1, 2023.

[0140] ② The total nutrient input per mu in the experiment was calculated in pure terms (including basal fertilizer nutrients): Nitrogen (N) 17.43kg / mu, 2.13kg / mu more than the control (15.30kg / mu), and the total nitrogen nutrient input was 13.92% more than the control; Phosphorus (P2O5) 13.61kg / mu, 1.69kg / mu less than the control (15.30kg / mu), and the total phosphorus nutrient input was reduced by 11.05%; Potassium (K2O) 21.18kg / mu, 5.88kg / mu more than the control (15.30kg / mu), and the total potassium nutrient input increased by 38.43%.

[0141] ③ Calculation of pure fertilizer input per mu: The increase in the nutrient content of the experimental compound microbial fertilizer (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) is regarded as the contribution of fertilizer nutrient input. Based on this calculation, the compound microbial fertilizer contributes 3.82kg / mu to the fertilizer nitrogen nutrient, plus the topdressing fertilizer nitrogen input of 10.2kg / mu, the total fertilizer nitrogen input is 14.02kg / mu, which is 1.28kg / mu less than the control fertilizer nitrogen (N, 15.30kg / mu), and the fertilizer nitrogen reduction is 8.37%; the compound microbial fertilizer fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient contribution is 1.53kg / mu, plus the topdressing input, the total fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient input is 11.7 3kg / mu, which is 3.57kg / mu less than the total fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient input of the control (15.3kg / mu), and the reduction rate is 23.33%; the nutrient contribution of compound microbial fertilizer potassium (K2O) is 3.41kg / mu, plus the topdressing input, the total fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient input is 13.61kg / mu, which is 1.69kg / mu less than the control fertilizer potassium (K2O) nutrient (15.30kg / mu), and the reduction rate is 11.05%.

[0142] Table 4 Comparison of implementation effects

[0143]

[0144] Table 5 Effect of rotation of duck manure compound microbial fertilizer and straw compound microbial fertilizer

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] The results of the three-crop vegetable test, comparing Table 4 and Table 5, show that the average fresh weight and yield of each bitter vegetable of the first batch of mustard bitter vegetable using the technology of the present invention are 517.28g / tree and 5520.37kg / mu, which are significantly higher than the control, and the yield is 66.96% higher than the control example on average, which has a very significant yield-increasing effect. However, compared with the control example, the vitamin C and soluble sugar content of vegetables using the technology of the present invention did not increase accordingly, and there was no effect of reducing the nitrate content of vegetables. Obviously, in the first batch, the technology of the present invention was used because a large amount of new biological organic fertilizers for vegetables were applied as base fertilizers, and because new composite microbial fertilizers for vegetables were applied as base fertilizers, the synergistic effect of base fertilizers and base fertilizers significantly improved the fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, which has the effect of promoting vegetable growth and significantly increasing vegetable yields. However, the improvement of soil fertilizer supply, especially nitrogen supply capacity, has promoted the accumulation of vegetable nitrates to a certain extent. The substantial increase in vegetable yield of up to 66.96% diluted the vitamin C and soluble sugar content, resulting in an increase in yield but no corresponding improvement in quality.

[0148] The second batch of Italian lettuce replaced duck manure composite microbial fertilizer with straw composite microorganisms. The test results showed that the bitter fresh quality and yield of Italian lettuce using the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention were 375.25g / tree and 4004.67kg / mu on average, respectively, and the yield was 20.85% higher than that of the control example on average. Under the conditions of reducing fertilizer nitrogen by 12.14% and fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) by 18.04% using the technology of the present invention, the test effect of reducing fertilizer and increasing production significantly was obtained. This proves that the second batch of the present invention uses the straw composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology to maintain a stable weight loss and increase production effect. In addition, compared with the control example, the vitamin C of vegetables using the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention increased by 67.89% compared with the control, and the accumulation of vegetable nitrates was reduced by 14.76% compared with the first batch. Obviously, the organic nutrients provided by the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention can not only replace the reduced fertilizer to obtain increased production, but also effectively promote the synthesis and accumulation of vegetable vitamin C, and the quality indicators of vegetables are significantly improved.

[0149] The third batch of Italian lettuce replaced the straw composite microbial fertilizer with duck manure composite microbial fertilizer. Test results show that the fresh weight and yield of Italian lettuce per head using the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention are 301.96g / tree and 3521.76kg / mu respectively, and the yield is 20% higher than the control on average. Under the conditions of reducing fertilizer nitrogen by 8.37%, fertilizer phosphorus (P2O5) by 23.33%, and fertilizer potassium (K2O) by 11.05%, the test effect of reducing fertilizer and increasing production by 20% was obtained. This proves that the organic nutrients provided by the long-term use of the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention can not only effectively replace the reduced fertilizer, but also continuously maintain the effect of improving soil fertilization. At the same time, the third batch of the composite microbial rotation technology of the present invention increased the emergence rate by 3.40% compared with the control, and the incidence rate was reduced by 75.20% compared with the control. The composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention obviously has the effect of improving the survival rate of vegetable seedlings and greatly reducing the incidence of vegetables. This shows that the long-term use of the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention can continuously coordinate and improve the soil microecological environment, effectively reverse the situation of continuous cropping of greenhouse vegetables, soil salinization, continuous cropping obstacles, and cause the spread and aggravation of vegetable pests and diseases, and realize the efficient continuous cropping production of vegetables. In addition, compared with the control example, the vitamin C content of the Italian lettuce using the technology of the present invention in the third crop was increased by 35.05% compared with the control, the soluble sugar content increased by 70.975%, and the vegetable nitric acid content was reduced by an average of 49.50% compared with the second crop, which was basically the same as the control area. This proves that the long-term application of the composite microbial fertilizer rotation technology of the present invention can not only increase production and reduce the incidence of vegetables, but also the quality of vegetables will continue to improve, and the effects of weight loss, quality improvement, increase in production and efficiency will be enhanced crop by crop. On the contrary, according to the comprehensive test results, the vegetable yield of the control example is reduced crop by crop, the incidence rate is increased crop by crop, and the vegetable yield and quality indicators are continuously reduced crop by crop, indicating that the adverse effects of soil salinization and continuous cropping diseases of greenhouse vegetables will continue to increase, which ultimately leads to the continuous reduction of vegetable fertilizer efficiency and a significant decrease in yield.

[0150] The above embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the embodiments without any creative contribution as needed. However, such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. For the first fertilization, spread duck manure bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deep plow and loosen the soil. After completing the soil improvement operation, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and shallowly till and evenly mix the soil; S2, the second crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread straw compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly; S3, the third crop, do not spread base fertilizer, spread duck manure compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and plough shallowly to mix the soil evenly; S4, repeat S2 and S3 in rotation for each subsequent planting; The straw composite microbial fertilizer is prepared by mixing straw bio-organic fertilizer and carbon-based formula fertilizer in a ratio of 11-12:1; The straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises 28%-32% chrysanthemum wither, 28%-32% tobacco dust, 28%-32% humic acid, 8%-10% carbon-nitrogen regulator, 5% organic material decomposition agent, and 1% functional bacterial agent; The duck manure composite microbial fertilizer is prepared by mixing duck manure biological organic fertilizer and the carbon-based formula fertilizer in a ratio of 11-12:1; The carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a ratio of 3:2; The duck manure biological organic fertilizer comprises 23%-27% duck manure fermented by anaerobic and aerobic fermentation, 21%-25% chrysanthemum blight, 28%-32% tobacco dust, 9%-13% humic acid, 3%-5% carbon nitrogen regulator, 6%-7% organic material composting agent and 1% functional bacterial agent.

2. The method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, before spreading the base fertilizer, the soil is first air-dried in the shed for two weeks, after spreading the base fertilizer, the soil is air-dried in the shed for another two weeks, and after spreading the basal fertilizer, the soil is air-dried in the shed for another two weeks.

3. The method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1 and step S2, before spreading the base fertilizer, the soil is first deeply plowed and loosened, and then placed in a shed to dry for a week.

4. The method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon-nitrogen regulating material comprises wine grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar.

5. The method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional bacterial agent is a No. 1 microbial agent, an aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and a polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent prepared in a ratio of 4:1:

5.

6. The method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer includes 55%-65% ammonium sulfate, 8%-12% urea, 19%-21% ammonium chloride, and 8%-12% biochar; the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer includes 7%-9% superphosphate, 56%-63% potassium sulfate, and 30%-35% monoammonium phosphate.

7. The method for improving the fertilizer efficiency of vegetables by rotating duck manure and straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The biochar is rubber charcoal.

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