A low-salt pond engineering culture method of artemia

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of low-salt pond engineering culture method of Macrobrachium Nipponense.The present application is in hard bottom soil pond in early stage of Macrobrachium Nipponense high-density intensive culture, avoid the disease period of early growth of Macrobrachium Nipponense, improve the growth stress resistance of prawn.Afterwards, with the growth of Macrobrachium Nipponense, its living space is gradually compressed, and serious mutual cannibalism.Therefore, it is transferred to the soft bottom soil pond with larger space, rich biological bait and strong self-regulation ability of water quality in the middle and late stage of culture.The present application makes full use of the advantages of hard bottom soil pond and soft bottom soil pond with netting by engineering modification of low-salt shrimp pond, reduces the disease rate of Macrobrachium Nipponense, ensures Macrobrachium Nipponense to pass through the juvenile stage, promotes growth, shortens the culture period, reduces cannibalism, improves the yield and economic benefits of culture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to an engineered method for low-salinity pond culture of king prawns. Background Technology

[0002] The giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), originally from Mozambique and Tanzania in Africa, is also known as the South African tiger prawn or Mozambique grass prawn. It belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, order Decapoda, family Penaeidae, and genus Penaeus. Giant tiger prawns are characterized by rapid growth, strong disease resistance, high tolerance after being removed from water, low farming costs, high profits, and rich nutrition. Along with the Chinese white prawn (Penaeus chinensis) and the Litopenaeus vannamei, they are considered the world's three major farmed shrimp species, and are an important farmed species in the southern coastal provinces of my country.

[0003] Problems with existing king prawn farming methods:

[0004] 1. Traditional low-salinity aquaculture in earthen ponds varies in size, has shallow water levels, and is diverse, irregular, scattered, and not contiguous. It also lacks sewage discharge, pollutes the water, and has a soil bottom that easily breeds pathogens. This makes management difficult and results in poor aquaculture efficiency.

[0005] 2. King Kong shrimp are benthic organisms with poor early resistance to adverse conditions. Traditional earthen ponds have poor water quality and many pathogens, which easily infect king Kong shrimp, resulting in low survival rates and, in severe cases, pond drainage, thus reducing aquaculture efficiency.

[0006] 3. The existing low-salinity earthen pond farming model for king prawns has the following problems: low pond space utilization in the early stages, unstable water quality, high disease rate and low survival rate of prawn larvae, and even pond drainage; long farming cycle, high farming risk, low farming yield and unstable benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an engineered method for the culture of king prawns in low-salinity ponds. By engineering the transformation of low-salinity shrimp ponds, this invention fully utilizes the advantages of land-based cement ponds and earthen ponds, reducing the disease rate of king prawns, ensuring that king prawns survive the seedling stage, promoting growth, shortening the culture cycle, reducing cannibalism, and increasing culture yield and economic benefits.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows:

[0009] A method for the engineered culture of king prawns in low-salinity ponds, characterized by the following steps:

[0010] S1. Pond Structure Modification

[0011] Based on the pond structure suitable for the relay farming technology of "hard-bottomed earthen pond + net-lined soft-bottomed earthen pond" for king prawns, new ponds can be excavated or existing ponds can be modified through engineering: the area of ​​a single hard-bottomed earthen pond is 0.8 to 1.0 mu, the shape is square or nearly circular, the depth is 2.5 to 3.0 meters, the surface is covered with cement, and the bottom of the pond is equipped with a sewage outlet; the area of ​​a single net-lined soft-bottomed earthen pond is 2.0 to 5.0 mu, the shape is rectangular, the depth is 2.0 to 2.5 meters, the pond walls are covered with black mulch, the bottom of the pond is covered with a 40-mesh nylon screen, and a sewage collection pit is set in the center of the pond;

[0012] S2. Disinfect the pond before stocking shrimp.

[0013] Before using a hard-bottomed earthen pond, dissolve strong chlorine in water and rinse the pond with a high-pressure water gun. After sun exposure for 3 days, fill the pond with water. For soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting, dry the pond with quicklime and sun exposure for 20 days before filling it with water.

[0014] S3. Hard-bottomed earthen pond for water conservation

[0015] Add the disinfected water to the hard-bottomed earthen pond to maintain the water quality;

[0016] S4. Seedling release and rearing

[0017] Select healthy seedlings with normal body color, uniform size, and no pathogens or viruses. Add the seedlings to hard-bottomed earthen ponds at a density of 150,000 to 200,000 per mu. Raise them for 60 to 80 days in spring and autumn, and 50 to 60 days in summer. When they reach 300 to 400 fish per kilogram, they should be separated into different ponds and transferred to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting for relay breeding.

[0018] S5. Water-keeping ponds with netting and soft bottoms.

[0019] Add the disinfected water to a soft-bottomed earthen pond lined with netting to maintain the water level.

[0020] S6. Moving to a pond and raising livestock

[0021] The king prawns that have reached the required size are moved from hard-bottomed earthen ponds to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with nets, at a density of 40,000 to 50,000 per mu. After reaching a marketable size of 50 to 60 prawns per kilogram, the king prawns are harvested from the ponds 3 to 5 times, and the entire breeding process takes about 30 to 50 days.

[0022] Preferably, in step S1, an 80-40 mesh net is attached to the sewage outlet of the hard-bottomed earthen pond.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, a 40-mesh nylon screen is laid on the bottom of the soft-bottomed pond.

[0024] Preferably, in step S1, both the hard-bottomed earthen pond and the soft-bottomed earthen pond with netting are equipped with a bottom aeration system, a sludge pumping system, and a waterwheel aerator.

[0025] Preferably, in step S4 or step S6, artificial compound feed is fed at regular intervals every day. In the early and middle stages of breeding, the feeding frequency is three times a day: morning, noon, and evening. In the later stages of breeding, the feeding frequency is increased to four times a day: morning, noon, afternoon, and evening.

[0026] Preferably, in step S4 or step S6, the hard-bottomed pond is drained before feeding in the early morning and evening each day.

[0027] Preferably, in step S4 or step S6, the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH, total alkalinity and Vibrio in the pond water are tested every three days, and the pond water is adjusted according to the water quality test results.

[0028] Preferably, in step S4 or step S6, multivitamin anti-stress drugs are applied in advance whenever there is severe weather, high tide, or low tide.

[0029] Preferably, in step S4 or step S6, the pond water is treated with bottom improvement and bacterial replenishment every seven days.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0031] This invention combines the biological characteristics and production practices of king prawn farming to rationally design earthen ponds for king prawn farming. It fully utilizes the advantages of the controllable water environment of land-based cement ponds and the stable water environment of earthen ponds. During the larval stage, the environment is artificially adjusted to suit the king prawn's survival, protecting them through their weak and disease-prone periods. In the middle and later stages of farming, the king prawns are moved to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting. This not only loosens the shrimp population to a certain extent but also isolates pathogens from the pond bottom using the netting and leverages the significantly higher biodiversity of soft-bottomed ponds compared to hard-bottomed ponds, helping the king prawns grow faster and healthier. This reduces the disease rate of king prawns, ensures they survive the larval stage, promotes growth, shortens the farming cycle, and improves farming efficiency.

[0032] The various breeding steps and pond specifications used in this invention are inseparable and work together to form an indispensable whole process. Only under the specific conditions of each breeding step and the corresponding pond specifications—namely, selecting individual ponds with an area of ​​0.8–1.0 mu (approximately 0.25–0.00 acres), a square or near-circular shape, a depth of 2.5–3.0 meters, cement lining, and a drainage outlet at the bottom; or individual ponds with an area of ​​2.0–5.0 mu (approximately 0.06–0.00 acres), a rectangular shape, a depth of 2.0–2.5 meters, with black plastic film lining the pond walls, a 40-mesh nylon screen at the bottom, and a collection pit in the center—can the following steps be taken: disinfection of the pond before stocking shrimp, water conditioning in hard-bottomed earthen ponds, stocking / raising shrimp, water conditioning in soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting, and moving the pond for rearing. These steps work together, combining the biological characteristics of king prawn farming with practical production experience, thereby reducing the disease rate of king prawns, ensuring they survive the larval stage, promoting growth, shortening the breeding cycle, reducing cannibalism, and increasing breeding yield and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a plan view illustrating the specific implementation of the low-salinity pond culture method for king prawns according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the culture process of the low-salinity pond culture method for king prawns according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the present invention so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The invention will be illustrated using the aquaculture base of Shunyuan Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd. in Longhai City, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province as an example (see reference). Figure 1 and Figure 2 ):

[0039] (1) A pond with an area of ​​1.5 mu was selected as a water storage and salinity regulation pond, and a 6.4 mu earthen pond was divided into 8 aquaculture ponds with an area of ​​0.8 mu each. Both the water storage pond and the aquaculture pond were covered with cement. The aquaculture pond was square in shape with rounded corners and a depth of about 2.5 meters. There was a sewage outlet at the bottom of the pond, and an 80-40 mesh net was attached to the sewage outlet. In addition, there were 10 earthen ponds with an area of ​​2.5 mu and 3 earthen ponds with an area of ​​5.0 mu. They were all rectangular in shape and about 2.3 meters deep. The pond walls were covered with black plastic film, and the bottom of the pond was covered with a 40 mesh nylon screen. A sewage collection pit was set in the center of the pond.

[0040] (2) Equipment: The eight hard-bottomed earthen ponds are equipped with one bottom aeration system and one sewage pumping system, with a blower power of 7.5KW and a sewage pump power of 4.0KW. Each pond is equipped with 21 nano air discs and two waterwheel aerators with power of 0.75KW and 1.5KW respectively. The ten 2.5-mu soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting are equipped with one bottom aeration system and one sewage pumping system for every two ponds, with each blower having a power of 7.5KW. The sewage pumps are 4KW each. Each of the three 5.0-acre netted soft-bottom ponds is equipped with a bottom aeration system and a sewage pumping system. The power of the blowers and sewage pumps are the same as those of the 2.5-acre netted soft-bottom ponds. Each 2.5-acre pond is equipped with 50 air discs, one 1.5KW and five 0.75KW paddlewheel aerators. Each 5.0-acre pond is equipped with 100 air discs, two 1.5KW and ten 0.75KW paddlewheel aerators.

[0041] (3) Add brine (or seawater, sea salt, etc.) to fresh water to adjust its salinity to 4‰, and then disinfect the seawater with strong chlorine at a dosage of 1 kg / mu.

[0042] (4) Disinfect the pond before each use. For hard-bottomed earthen ponds, dissolve 2.0-2.5 kg of strong chlorine in water, rinse the pond with a high-pressure water gun, and then expose it to the sun for three days before filling it with water. For soft-bottomed earthen ponds with nets, use the dry pond disinfection method, disinfecting with 50-100 kg of quicklime per mu of pond, and then exposing it to the sun for more than 20 days before filling it with water.

[0043] (5) Adjusting water quality. After the pond is filled with water, 10-15 kg of quicklime per mu of pond is melted and sprinkled throughout the pond to increase the total alkalinity and pH of the water. Subsequently, based on the pH and other water quality indicators of the nursery, microecological preparations such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast are used for adjustment.

[0044] (6) Release seedlings. Place healthy seedlings into hard-bottomed earthen ponds after fertilization and watering, at a density of 150,000 to 200,000 per mu. Raise for 60 to 80 days in spring and autumn, and 50 to 60 days in summer. When the seedlings reach 300 to 400 per kilogram, promptly transfer them to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting for continued rearing.

[0045] (7) Water intake: Add the disinfected water to the disinfected netted soft-bottomed pond for fertilization;

[0046] (8) Moving the ponds. Move the king prawns that have reached the required size from hard-bottomed earthen ponds to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with nets, at a density of 40,000 to 50,000 per mu. After reaching a marketable size of 50 to 60 prawns per kilogram, harvest them from the ponds in batches 3 to 5 times. The entire breeding period is about 30 to 50 days.

[0047] (9) Daily Management. Patrol the ponds every morning and evening to observe the activity of the king prawns, the operation of the pond equipment, and the condition of the water. Feed the king prawns with formulated feed three times a day at a ratio of 35% morning: 25% noon: 40% evening. For hard-bottomed ponds, drain the wastewater before feeding in the morning and evening. Test the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH, total alkalinity, and Vibrio levels in the pond water every three days and adjust the pond water according to the test results. Improve the pond bottom and add bacteria every seven days to ensure the stability of the water. If the water color becomes lighter, add algae sources as needed to reduce the transparency of the water, increase the algae content, and maintain the stability of the water.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] Traditional earthen pond aquaculture process:

[0050] (1) Salinity adjustment and disinfection. Add brine (or seawater, sea salt, etc.) to fresh water to adjust its salinity to 4‰, and then disinfect the seawater with strong chlorine at a dosage of 1 kg / mu.

[0051] (2) Pond disinfection. Before using an earthen pond, dissolve 2.5 to 3.5 kg of strong chlorine in water, rinse the pond with a high-pressure water gun, and then expose it to the sun for three days before filling it with water.

[0052] (3) Adjusting water quality. After the pond is filled with water, 10-15 kg of quicklime per mu of pond is melted and sprinkled throughout the pond to increase the total alkalinity and pH of the water. Subsequently, based on the pH and other water quality indicators of the nursery, microecological preparations such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast are used for adjustment.

[0053] (4) Release seedlings. Place healthy seedlings into fertilized ponds at a density of 20,000 to 40,000 per mu. The breeding period is 100 to 150 days in spring and 120 to 180 days in autumn. When the seedlings reach 30 to 50 per kilogram, they should be marketed in time.

[0054] (5) Daily management: Patrol the pond every morning and evening to observe the activity of the king prawns, the operation of the pond equipment, and the water condition; feed artificial compound feed regularly, three times a day, according to the ratio of morning:noon:evening = 35%:25%:40%; test the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH, total alkalinity, and Vibrio in the pond water every three days, and adjust the pond water according to the test results; improve the pond bottom and add bacteria every seven days to ensure the stability of the water; if the water color becomes lighter, add algae source appropriately to reduce the transparency of the water, increase the algae content in the water, and maintain the stability of the water.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] Hard-bottomed earthen pond aquaculture process:

[0057] (1) Salinity adjustment and disinfection. Add brine (or seawater, sea salt, etc.) to fresh water to adjust its salinity to 4‰, and disinfect the seawater with strong chlorine at a dosage of 1 kg / mu.

[0058] (2) Pond disinfection. Before using a hard-bottomed earthen pond, dissolve 2.0-2.5 kg of strong chlorine in water, rinse the pond with a high-pressure water gun, and then expose it to the sun for three days before filling it with water.

[0059] (3) Adjusting water quality. After the pond is filled with water, 10-15 kg of quicklime per mu of pond is melted and sprinkled throughout the pond to increase the total alkalinity and pH of the water. Subsequently, based on the pH and other water quality indicators of the nursery, microecological preparations such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast are used for adjustment.

[0060] (4) Stocking. Place healthy seedlings into hard-bottomed ponds after fertilization and watering, at a density of 80,000 to 100,000 per mu. Raise for 120 to 150 days in spring and 130 to 180 days in autumn. Market them in time when they reach 30 to 50 fish per kilogram.

[0061] (5) Daily Management. Patrol the ponds every morning and evening to observe the activity of the king prawns, the operation of the pond equipment, and the water condition; feed artificial compound feed regularly, three times a day, according to the ratio of morning:noon:evening = 35%:25%:40%; for hard-bottomed earthen ponds, drain the wastewater before feeding in the morning and evening; test the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH, total alkalinity, and Vibrio in the pond water every three days, and adjust the pond water according to the test results; improve the pond bottom and add bacteria every seven days to ensure the stability of the water; if the water color becomes lighter, add algae source appropriately to reduce the transparency of the water, increase the algae content of the water, and maintain the stability of the water.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] Cement pond aquaculture process:

[0064] (1) Seawater disinfection. After the seawater is filtered through a 100-200 mesh screen and settled, it is disinfected with strong chlorine at a dosage of 1 kg / mu.

[0065] (2) Pond disinfection. Before using cement ponds, dissolve 2.0-2.5 kg of strong chlorine in water, rinse the pond with a high-pressure water gun, and then expose it to the sun for three days before filling it with water.

[0066] (3) Stocking. Place healthy seedlings into cement ponds after fertilization and watering, at a density of 250,000 to 300,000 per mu. Raise for 120 to 150 days in spring and 130 to 180 days in autumn. Market them in time when they reach 30 to 50 per kilogram.

[0067] (5) Daily Management. Patrol the pond every morning and evening to observe the activity of the king prawns, the operation of the pond equipment, and the condition of the water. Feed artificial feed regularly, 3-4 times a day, according to the ratio of morning:noon:afternoon:evening = 30%:20%:20%:30% or morning:noon:evening = 35%:25%:40%. Before feeding in the morning and evening, drain the water and change 10-25% of the water or allow a slight flow. Test the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and vibrio levels in the pond water every seven days, and adjust the pond water according to the test results to ensure the stability of the water.

[0068] Table 1 Comparison of technical indicators for low-salt farming models of king prawns

[0069]

[0070] Note*: Cement ponds for king prawns (18-30m) 2 The abalone farming method mainly utilizes idle abalone ponds and fish and shrimp breeding ponds, and is equipped with 10 to 20 nano-microtube discs. It is only distributed in high salinity areas (above 25%) by the sea. There is no such farming method under low salinity conditions.

[0071] As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the aquaculture method using the present invention can be as high as 75%-85%, and a single crop can be raised in one year. At the same time, the aquaculture time is short, and the individuals are large and uniform. In contrast, traditional earthen pond aquaculture has low yield and many diseases. The aquaculture method in hard-bottomed earthen ponds takes a long time and has large individual differences. Although cement pond aquaculture has a high yield, it takes a long time, requires high equipment, and has high costs. It is also limited to the seaside where water can be easily drawn.

[0072] In summary, this invention fully utilizes the advantages of controllable water environment in land-based cement ponds and stable water environment in earthen ponds. During the juvenile stage of the king prawn, the environment is artificially controlled to protect them through their vulnerable and disease-prone periods. In the later stages of cultivation, the king prawns are moved to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting. This not only loosens the shrimp population to a certain extent but also leverages the significantly higher biodiversity of the soft-bottomed earthen ponds compared to hard-bottomed ponds, helping the king prawns grow faster and healthier. This reduces the disease rate of king prawns, ensures they survive the juvenile stage, promotes growth, shortens the cultivation cycle, and improves farming efficiency.

[0073] The above embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto. All other modifications, substitutions or alterations made to the above structure of the present invention based on the above content of the present invention, in accordance with ordinary technical knowledge and common practice in the field, without departing from the above inventive concept of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the engineered culture of king prawns in low-salinity ponds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pond Structure Modification Choose to excavate new ponds or carry out engineering modifications on the basis of existing ponds: Hard-bottomed earthen ponds have an area of ​​0.8 to 1.0 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), a square or nearly circular shape, a depth of 2.5 to 3.0 meters, a cement surface, and a sewage outlet at the bottom; Net-lined soft-bottomed earthen ponds have an area of ​​2.0 to 5.0 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), a rectangular shape, a depth of 2.0 to 2.5 meters, black mulch covering the pond walls, and a 40-mesh nylon screen laid on the bottom to isolate the pond bottom, reduce the contact between pathogens and shrimp, and a sewage collection pit is set in the center of the pond; S2. Disinfect the pond before stocking shrimp. Before using a hard-bottomed earthen pond, dissolve strong chlorine in water and rinse the pond with a high-pressure water gun. After sun exposure for 3 days, fill the pond with water. For soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting, dry the pond with quicklime and sun exposure for 20 days before filling it with water. S3. Hard-bottomed earthen pond for water conservation Disinfected water was added to the hard-bottomed earthen pond and kept for three days to cultivate a suitable aquatic environment for the growth of king prawns. S4. Seedling release Select healthy seedlings with normal body color, uniform size, and no pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Place the seedlings in hard-bottomed earthen ponds at a density of 150,000 to 200,000 seedlings per acre. Raise them for 60 to 80 days in spring and autumn, and 50 to 60 days in summer. When they reach 300 to 400 seedlings per kilogram, promptly transfer them to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with netting for relay breeding. S5. Water-holding ponds with netting and soft bottoms. Disinfected water was added to a soft-bottomed earthen pond with netting and kept for three days to cultivate a suitable aquatic environment for the growth of king prawns. S6. Pool Relocation The king prawns that have reached the required size are moved from hard-bottomed earthen ponds to soft-bottomed earthen ponds with nets, at a density of 40,000 to 50,000 prawns per acre. After reaching a marketable size of 50 to 60 prawns per kilogram, the prawns are harvested from the ponds 3 to 5 times, and the entire rearing process lasts 30 to 50 days.

2. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, an 80-40 mesh net is attached to the sewage outlet of the hard-bottomed earthen pond to prevent the king prawns from being discharged with the sewage during the sewage extraction process.

3. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, both the hard-bottomed earthen pond and the soft-bottomed earthen pond with netting are equipped with a bottom aeration system, a sludge pumping system, and a waterwheel aerator.

4. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 or step S6, artificial compound feed is fed at regular intervals every day. In the early and middle stages of breeding, the feeding frequency is three times a day: morning, noon and evening. In the later stages of breeding, the feeding frequency is increased to four times a day: morning, noon, afternoon and evening.

5. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 or step S6, the hard-bottomed pond is drained before feeding in the early morning and evening.

6. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 or step S6, the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH, total alkalinity and Vibrio in the pond water are tested every three days. Based on the water quality test results, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, quicklime and lactic acid bacteria aquaculture drugs are added to the pond water to adjust the water quality according to different situations.

7. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 or step S6, multivitamin anti-stress drugs are applied in advance whenever there is severe weather, high tide, or low tide.

8. The method for engineered low-salinity pond culture of king prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 or step S6, the pond water is improved and bacteria are added every seven days.

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