Internal and external grinding machine

Abstract

The application relates to the field of bushing part grinding processing technology and is an inner and outer circle compound grinding machine, which comprises a base, a direct drive headstock, a tailstock assembly, a corner transmission assembly, a grinding assembly and a cross slide. The front part of the base is provided with the direct drive headstock used for clamping a workpiece, the right part of the direct drive headstock is provided with the tailstock assembly used for clamping the end part of the workpiece, the upper side of the front part of the base is provided with the corner transmission assembly capable of rotating the direct drive headstock and the tailstock assembly in the same direction, and the rear part of the corner transmission assembly is provided with the grinding assembly used for grinding the outer wall and the inner wall of the workpiece. The grinding machine mechanism is more compact, the structure is simple and light compared with the grinding machine with the turret type and the double slide table structure, the response speed and the running speed of the grinding machine are improved, the grinding operation of the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces and the inner and outer conical surfaces can be completed after the direct drive headstock and the tailstock assembly clamp the workpiece to be processed once, the error caused by repeated clamping is reduced, and the grinding precision and the grinding efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding technology for bushing-type parts, and is a composite grinding machine for internal and external cylindrical surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding technology is an ancient machining technique. With the advent of the information age and the continuous development of science and technology, grinding technology has become a dynamic and ever-evolving field, and its importance in grinding processing has grown significantly. CNC internal and external cylindrical grinding machines have experienced rapid development due to their ability to achieve high workpiece dimensional accuracy and surface quality. As machining levels improve, grinding machines occupy an increasingly larger proportion of machine tools, and CNC grinding machines play an irreplaceable role in modern grinding processing.

[0003] With the increasing number of high-precision, high-hardness mechanical parts, and the development of precision casting and precision forging processes, the performance, variety, and output of grinding machines are constantly improving and growing.

[0004] Grinding machines are machine tools that use abrasives to grind the surface of workpieces. Most grinding machines use high-speed rotating grinding wheels for grinding, while a few use other abrasives and free abrasives such as oilstones, belt abrasives, honing machines, ultra-precision machining tools, belt grinding machines, grinding machines, and polishing machines.

[0005] External cylindrical grinding is mainly performed on external cylindrical grinding machines and is used to grind the outer cylinders, outer cones, and shoulder end faces of shaft workpieces. Internal cylindrical grinding machines are mainly used for grinding the inner holes and end faces of parts to ensure the accuracy of the inner holes and end faces. Equipment for grinding internal holes is further divided into large internal holes, small internal holes, and micro internal holes. Due to different spindle speed requirements, it is generally known that a single machine cannot perform multi-functional processing; large holes require large machines, and small holes require small machines. In addition, none of the CNC grinding machines currently in operation can simultaneously complete the grinding of various complex processes such as external cylindrical surfaces, external cylindrical end faces, external cylindrical stepped surfaces, external cylindrical tapered surfaces, internal hole planes, internal hole end faces, internal cylindrical stepped surfaces, and internal cylindrical tapered surfaces. Furthermore, various curved surfaces of the outer diameter and various curved surfaces of the inner diameter cannot be completed in one go. There is also no complete CNC software for compound grinding of internal and external cylindrical surfaces. This means that many existing high-precision products require multiple machines, multiple processes, and repeated clamping to complete, and the accuracy is difficult to guarantee during repeated assembly and disassembly.

[0006] Patent document CN112605732A discloses an ultra-precision internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine with a hydrostatic tailstock. It includes a Z-axis guide rail and an X-axis guide rail mounted on the machine tool's machining surface. The Z-axis guide rail has a Z-axis slide plate, on which a workpiece spindle and a hydrostatic tailstock are mounted. The X-axis guide rail has an X-axis slide table, on which a rotary platform is mounted. A column is mounted on the rotary platform, with an external cylindrical grinding wheel and an internal hole grinding wheel mounted at both ends of the column. The axes of the external cylindrical grinding wheel and the internal hole grinding wheel are perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary platform. The hydrostatic tailstock is positioned facing the workpiece spindle. The bottom of the hydrostatic tailstock is mounted on a W-axis slide plate. A W-axis guide rail parallel to the Z-axis slide plate is provided between the W-axis slide plate and the Z-axis slide plate. The W-axis slide plate is detachably mounted relative to the Z-axis slide plate. A center pin is provided at the end of the hydrostatic tailstock.

[0007] While the aforementioned ultra-precision internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine combining a hydrostatic tailstock has advantages—namely, the workpiece spindle is set on the Z-axis guide rail to clamp the workpiece, and the other end of the detachable hydrostatic tailstock abuts against the other end of the workpiece to enhance the stability of the workpiece clamping; the hydrostatic tailstock presses down to perform external cylindrical machining, and the internal hole can be machined by removing the hydrostatic tailstock; it is applicable to the internal and external cylindrical machining of workpieces of any size and can effectively improve machining accuracy—its internal and external cylindrical grinding wheels cannot oscillate, meaning it cannot grind the internal and external conical surfaces. Furthermore, its workpiece spindle and hydrostatic tailstock can only move axially relative to each other, and cannot oscillate, nor can it grind conical surfaces.

[0008] Patent document CN217619482U discloses a six-axis CNC internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine, including a base, a first motor, and a fourth motor. An operating table is mounted on the top of the base. The first motor is mounted on the top of the operating table. A second motor is mounted on the moving end of the first motor. A mounting base is mounted on the moving end of the second motor. A third motor is mounted on the top of the mounting base. A turntable is mounted on the rotating shaft of the third motor. A tool-holding device is mounted on the top of the turntable. The fourth motor is located to one side of the first motor. A fifth motor is mounted on the moving end of the fourth motor. A mounting frame is mounted on the moving end of the fifth motor. A sixth motor is mounted on the top of the mounting frame. A rotary seat is mounted on the rotating shaft of the sixth motor. A first grinding motor and a second grinding motor are mounted on the top of the rotary seat. A grinding wheel is mounted on the rotating shaft of the first grinding motor, and a grinding wheel shaft is mounted on the rotating shaft of the second grinding motor.

[0009] While the aforementioned six-axis CNC internal and external cylindrical grinding machine facilitates switching between internal and external cylindrical grinding components according to grinding requirements, thus improving operation and grinding efficiency, it also increases the processing time of the workpiece when changing the internal and external cylindrical grinding components. Furthermore, the 90-degree misalignment between the grinding wheel and grinding wheel axis requires them to rotate 90 degrees to perform the two grinding processes, inevitably increasing the structural dimensions of the machine bed. The movement of the grinding wheel and grinding wheel axis along the vertical axis results in a higher center of gravity, affecting machining accuracy and reducing the stability of the grinding machine. Moreover, this grinding machine cannot process conical surfaces.

[0010] Patent document CN115488704A discloses a dual-spindle composite grinding machine for inner and outer circles and end faces, including a base and a protective plate inserted into the base. A movable plate is laterally slidably arranged on the base, and a clamping member is inserted into the movable plate with its clamping end penetrating through the protective plate. Movable blocks are symmetrically arranged inside the protective plate, and spring telescopic rods connected to the movable blocks are fixed inside the protective plate. A sliding plate driven laterally by a driving member is provided on the base. Two sets of sliding plates and driving members are provided. A first motor is rotatably arranged on the sliding plate, and a grinding block is fixed on the output shaft of the first motor. When the output shaft of the first motor rotates, it can drive the grinding block to rotate, so that the grinding block can grind the inside or end face of the workpiece.

[0011] While the aforementioned dual-spindle composite grinding machine for inner and outer circles and end faces can use clamping devices on the base to hold the workpiece and drive a sliding plate via a drive unit to move the first motor, causing the first motor to move the grinding block to contact the inner circle or end face of the workpiece, and then start the first motor to rotate the grinding block to grind the inner circle or end face of the workpiece, thus saving labor and increasing workpiece processing speed, the presence of two sets of sliding plates and drive units increases the size of the grinding machine, i.e., the floor space. Furthermore, the grinding process requires multi-axial movement and positioning when the two drive units and sliding plates are grinding, extending processing time. Additionally, manual adjustment is required when grinding the end face, reducing the processing accuracy and quality of the workpiece.

[0012] Grinding machines play a very important role in the field of precision parts processing. However, traditional grinding machines have limited functions, and a single grinding machine can only grind one type of end face, such as the outer or inner circle of a part. When grinding one end face and then grinding another end face, the current component needs to be disassembled and the corresponding component needs to be installed, which requires a second clamping. This is inconvenient to operate and results in low processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This invention provides a composite grinding machine for internal and external cylindrical parts, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and can effectively solve the problems of low grinding accuracy, single function and need for secondary clamping in existing grinding equipment for bushing parts.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a composite grinding machine for internal and external cylindrical surfaces, comprising a base, a direct drive headstock, a tailstock assembly, a rotary transmission assembly, a grinding assembly, and a cross slide. A direct drive headstock for clamping the workpiece is provided above the front part of the base. A tailstock assembly for pressing the end of the workpiece is provided to the right of the direct drive headstock. A rotary transmission assembly that enables the direct drive headstock and the tailstock assembly to rotate in the same direction is provided on the upper front part of the base. A grinding assembly for grinding the outer and inner walls of the workpiece is provided behind the rotary transmission assembly. A cross slide that enables the grinding assembly to move left and right and back and forth is provided on the upper rear part of the base.

[0015] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution:

[0016] The aforementioned corner transmission assembly may include a fixed base, a support base, a left guide rail, a right guide rail, and a drive mechanism. The lower side of the fixed base is fixedly installed together with the upper front side of the base. A support base is provided above the fixed base. An arc-shaped left guide rail with an opening to the right is fixedly installed on the upper left side of the fixed base. At least one left slider is slidably installed on the upper part of the left guide rail at intervals along the circumference. The upper side of each left slider is fixedly installed together with the corresponding position on the lower left side of the support base. A right guide rail that is centrally symmetrical with the left guide rail is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the fixed base. At least one right slider is slidably installed on the upper part of the right guide rail at intervals along the circumference. The upper side of each right slider is fixedly installed together with the corresponding position on the lower right side of the support base. A drive mechanism for driving the support base to slide along the left and right guide rails is provided on the left side of the fixed base. The direct drive head frame is fixedly installed on the upper left side of the support base, and the tailstock assembly is installed on the upper right side of the support base.

[0017] A mounting platform can be fixed to the upper side of the support base corresponding to the right position of the direct drive head frame. The front part of the upper side of the mounting platform is inclined upward relative to the rear part. The left side of the mounting platform has a through-hole fixing groove, which is T-shaped with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The tailstock assembly includes a slide, a guide block, a fine-tuning screw, a fine-tuning knob, and a tailstock body. A 7-shaped slide is slidably mounted on the upper right side of the mounting platform. The upper side of the slide and the lower side of the tailstock body are fixed together. A U-shaped left connecting groove with the opening to the left is provided on the left side of the slide corresponding to the left position of the tailstock body. A left connecting bolt with its head located in the wide diameter section of the fixing groove passes through the left connecting groove. A left connecting nut is screwed onto the upper part of the left connecting bolt corresponding to the upper side of the slide. A U-shaped right connecting groove with the opening to the right is provided on the right side of the slide corresponding to the right position of the tailstock body. The right connecting groove has a right connecting bolt with its head located within the wide diameter section of the fixed groove. A right connecting nut is screwed onto the upper part of the right connecting bolt corresponding to the upper side of the slide block. The lower side of the tailstock body has a guide groove that opens downwards and runs through the front and back. The guide groove is trapezoidal, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. A guide block with its lower side fixed to the upper side of the slide block is slidably installed in the guide groove. The lower middle part of the tailstock body has an installation groove that communicates with the middle of the guide groove. A fine-tuning nut is fixedly installed on the upper side of the guide block. A fine-tuning screw with its front end passing through the front part of the installation groove and located in front of the tailstock body is screwed into the fine-tuning nut. A limiting ring that contacts the inner wall of the front part of the installation groove is fixed on the outer side of the front part of the fine-tuning screw. A fine-tuning knob is fixedly installed on the outer side of the front part of the fine-tuning screw corresponding to the front side of the tailstock body. A marking layer is provided on the outer side of the fine-tuning knob.

[0018] The upper left side of the aforementioned installation platform can be fitted with a slide plate shaped like the number 7 on the lower side, and a central frame is fixedly installed on the right side of the slide plate.

[0019] The aforementioned drive mechanism may include a mounting base, a first drive motor, and a gear ring. The left side of the fixed base corresponding to the left position of the left guide rail has a stepped surface. An arc-shaped gear ring with an inward opening and coaxial with the left guide rail is fixedly installed on the upper side of the stepped surface. A mounting base is fixedly installed on the left side of the support base. The first drive motor is fixedly installed on the mounting base. A transmission gear that meshes with the outer side of the gear ring is fixedly installed at the lower end of the output shaft of the first drive motor.

[0020] The above may also include a hydraulic turntable, which is installed between the upper side of the fixed base and the lower side of the support base.

[0021] The aforementioned grinding assembly may include a fixed frame, a connecting seat, a second drive motor, a first grinding wheel, a third drive motor, a second grinding wheel, and a lifting motor. The rear side of the fixed frame is fixedly installed together with the upper front side of the cross slide. The second drive motor is fixedly installed on the lower right side of the fixed frame. The first grinding wheel is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left end of the output shaft of the second drive motor. A lifting motor is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the fixed frame above the second drive motor. A rotating sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left part of the output shaft of the lifting motor. The outer side of the rotating sleeve is rotatably installed together with the front part of the fixed frame. The outer side of the middle part of the rotating sleeve is fixedly installed together with the rear side of the connecting seat. The third drive motor is installed on the front part of the connecting seat. A second grinding wheel with an outer diameter smaller than the first grinding wheel is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left end of the output shaft of the third drive motor. A grinding wheel dressing device for dressing the first and second grinding wheels is provided on the upper side of the support seat corresponding to the position behind the direct drive headstock.

[0022] The aforementioned grinding assembly may also include a positioning cylinder and a hinge seat. A positioning cylinder is hingedly installed on the upper side of the cross slide corresponding to the rear position of the rotating sleeve, and a hinge seat is fixedly installed on the upper side of the connecting seat corresponding to the front position of the rotating sleeve. The front end of the piston rod of the positioning cylinder is hingedly installed together with the hinge seat.

[0023] The above may also include a circulating pump and a control unit. The base is a mineral casting base. The lower inner side of the base is provided with a U-shaped cooling channel with an opening facing backward. Both ends of the cooling channel extend to the rear side of the base. The first end of the cooling channel is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe, and the second end of the cooling channel is fixedly connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump. The water outlet of the circulating pump is fixedly connected to an outlet pipe. The front part of the base, corresponding to the position in front of the cooling channel, is provided with two fixing holes spaced apart on the left and right. Each fixing hole is sealed and fixedly installed with a temperature sensor. The front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch are fixedly installed at intervals on the upper side of the fixing seat corresponding to the right side of the right guide rail. A sensing block is fixedly installed on the right side of the support base between the front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch. The front proximity switch, the rear proximity switch, and each temperature sensor are all connected to the control unit. The control unit is connected to the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the third drive motor, the positioning cylinder, the grinding wheel dressing device, the lifting motor, the cross slide, and the circulating pump.

[0024] The grinding mechanism of the present invention is more compact. Compared with turret-type and double-slide-type grinding machines, it has a simple and lightweight structure, which improves the response speed and running speed of the grinding machine. After the direct-drive headstock and tailstock assembly clamps the workpiece to be processed at one time, it can complete the grinding operations of inner and outer cylindrical surfaces and inner and outer conical surfaces, reduce the error caused by repeated clamping, and improve grinding accuracy and grinding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of Embodiment 1.

[0026] Appendix Figure 2This is a top view of the structure of Example 1.

[0027] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right-side structure of Embodiment 1.

[0028] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of Embodiment 1.

[0029] Appendix Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of Example 1. Figure 1 .

[0030] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of Example 1. Figure 2 .

[0031] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the left sectional view of the installation platform in Example 3.

[0032] Appendix Figure 8 This is a top sectional view of the base structure in Example 9.

[0033] Appendix Figure 9 This is the circuit block diagram for Example 9.

[0034] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 for base, 2 for cross slide, 3 for direct drive headstock, 4 for fixed base, 5 for support base, 6 for left guide rail, 7 for left slider, 8 for right guide rail, 9 for right slider, 10 for mounting platform, 11 for fixing groove, 12 for slide, 13 for guide block, 14 for tailstock body, 15 for left connecting bolt, 16 for right connecting bolt, 17 for guide groove, 18 for chip removal hole, 19 for mounting groove, 20 for fine-tuning nut, 21 for fine-tuning screw, 22 for limit ring, 23 for fine-tuning knob, 24 for slide plate, 25 for center frame, and 26 for mounting base. 27 is the first drive motor, 28 is the gear ring, 29 is the stepped surface, 30 is the transmission gear, 31 is the hydraulic turntable, 32 is the fixed frame, 33 is the connecting seat, 34 is the second drive motor, 35 is the first grinding wheel, 36 is the third drive motor, 37 is the second grinding wheel, 38 is the lifting motor, 39 is the rotating sleeve, 40 is the grinding wheel dressing device, 41 is the positioning cylinder, 42 is the hinge seat, 43 is the cooling channel, 44 is the water inlet pipe, 45 is the water outlet pipe, 46 is the fixing hole, 47 is the circulating pump, 48 is the front proximity switch, 49 is the rear proximity switch, and 50 is the sensing block. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and specific implementation methods can be determined according to the technical solutions and actual conditions of the present invention.

[0036] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as front, back, top, bottom, left, right, etc. The positional relationships are determined based on the layout direction of the attached diagram in the instruction manual.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0038] Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine includes a base 1, a direct drive headstock 3, a tailstock assembly, a rotary transmission assembly, a grinding assembly, and a cross slide 2. The direct drive headstock 3 for clamping the workpiece is located on the upper front part of the base 1. The tailstock assembly for pressing the end of the workpiece is located to the right of the direct drive headstock 3. The rotary transmission assembly that enables the direct drive headstock 3 and the tailstock assembly to rotate in the same direction is located on the upper front part of the base 1. The grinding assembly for grinding the outer and inner walls of the workpiece is located behind the rotary transmission assembly. The cross slide 2 that enables the grinding assembly to move left and right and back and forth is located on the upper rear part of the base 1.

[0039] Based on the requirements, the cross slide 2 is a known technology, such as an XY dual-axis linear motor. The base 1 has a mounting groove on its upper side, and the cross slide 2 is mounted at the rear of the mounting pool. A chip removal hole 18, communicating with the mounting pool, is provided on the outer side of the base 2 corresponding to the position between the corner drive assembly and the cross slide 2, to facilitate the removal of grinding chips. This makes the grinding machine more compact, reduces the wear of the cross slide 2, and meets the requirements for long-term accuracy maintenance and high-speed machining operation.

[0040] During use, by setting the direct drive headstock 3 and tailstock assembly, the workpiece to be processed can be clamped and rotated. When it is necessary to grind the outer and inner walls of the workpiece, the lifting assembly drives the grinding assembly to move forward and approach the workpiece. The grinding assembly grinds the outer circle or inner hole wall of the end of the workpiece. The lifting assembly drives the grinding assembly to move left and right, so that the grinding assembly grinds along the axis of the workpiece. After the grinding assembly finishes grinding the workpiece, the corner assembly drives the grinding assembly to move backward first and then left and right to the initial position.

[0041] When the conical surface of the workpiece needs to be ground, the angle transmission assembly drives the direct drive headstock 3 and the tailstock assembly to rotate in the same direction, so that the angle of rotation of the workpiece between the direct drive headstock 3 and the tailstock assembly corresponds to half of the taper. The lifting assembly drives the grinding assembly to move forward and approach the workpiece. The grinding assembly grinds the end of the workpiece. The lifting assembly drives the grinding assembly to move left and right, so that the grinding assembly grinds along the axial direction of the workpiece. After the grinding assembly finishes grinding the workpiece, the angle transmission assembly drives the grinding assembly to move backward first, and then left and right to the initial position.

[0042] The grinding mechanism of the present invention is more compact. Compared with turret-type and double-slide-type grinding machines, it has a simple and lightweight structure, which improves the response speed and running speed of the grinding machine. The grinding machine of the present invention has a variety of grinding functions. After the workpiece to be processed is clamped at once by the direct drive headstock 3 and the tailstock assembly, the grinding operations of inner and outer cylindrical surfaces and inner and outer conical surfaces can be completed, reducing the error caused by repeated clamping and improving grinding accuracy and grinding efficiency.

[0043] The above-mentioned internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs:

[0044] Example 2: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the corner transmission assembly includes a fixed base 4, a support base 5, a left guide rail 6, a right guide rail 8, and a drive mechanism. The lower side of the fixed base 4 is fixedly installed together with the upper front side of the base 1. The support base 5 is provided above the fixed base 4. An arc-shaped left guide rail 6 with an opening facing right is fixedly installed on the upper left side of the fixed base 4. At least one left slider 7 is slidably installed on the upper part of the left guide rail 6 at intervals along the circumference. The upper side of each left slider 7 is fixedly installed together with the corresponding position on the lower left side of the support base 5. A right guide rail 8 that is centrally symmetrical with the left guide rail 6 is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the fixed base 4. At least one right slider 9 is slidably installed on the upper part of the right guide rail 8 at intervals along the circumference. The upper side of each right slider 9 is fixedly installed together with the corresponding position on the lower right side of the support base 5. A drive mechanism for driving the support base 5 to slide along the left guide rail 6 and the right guide rail 8 is provided on the left side of the fixed base 4. The direct drive head frame 3 is fixedly installed on the upper left side of the support base 5, and the tailstock assembly is installed on the upper right side of the support base 5.

[0045] According to the requirements, the direct-drive headstock 3 is a known technology, such as the direct-drive headstock for a roll grinding machine in patent document CN214024847U, where the radius of the left guide rail 6 and the radius of the right guide rail 8 are the same. During use, the left guide rail 6 and the right guide rail 8 are centrally symmetrical, so the drive mechanism can drive the support seat 5 to rotate circumferentially on the left guide rail 6 and the right guide rail 8 on the horizontal plane. When it is necessary to grind the conical surface of the workpiece, the drive mechanism can be controlled to make the support seat 5 swing the workpiece, so that the conical surface of the workpiece is perpendicular to the grinding assembly, thereby improving the grinding accuracy of the workpiece. It can grind the outer circle, end face, inner hole, inner conical surface and outer conical surface of the workpiece. By setting the left slider 7 and the right slider 9, it is easy to disassemble and assemble the support seat 5 and the fixed seat 4.

[0046] Example 3: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 7As shown, a mounting platform 10 is fixed on the upper side of the support base 5 corresponding to the right position of the direct drive head frame 3. The front part of the upper side of the mounting platform 10 is inclined upward relative to the rear part. A fixing groove 11 that runs through the left and right sides is provided on the left side of the mounting platform 10. The fixing groove 11 is T-shaped, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The tailstock assembly includes a slide 12, a guide block 13, a fine adjustment screw 21, a fine adjustment knob 23, and a tailstock body 14. A 7-shaped slide 12 is slidably mounted on the upper right side of the mounting platform 10. The upper side of the slide 12 and the lower side of the tailstock body 14 are fixedly mounted together. A U-shaped left connecting groove that runs vertically through the left and opens to the left is provided on the left side of the slide 12 corresponding to the left position of the tailstock body 14. A left connecting bolt 15 whose head is located in the wide diameter section of the fixing groove 11 passes through the left connecting groove. A left connecting nut is screwed onto the upper part of the left connecting bolt 15 corresponding to the upper position of the slide 12. A U-shaped right connecting groove that runs vertically through the right and opens to the right is provided on the right side of the slide 12 corresponding to the right position of the tailstock body 14. A right connecting bolt 16 with its head located within the wide diameter section of the fixed groove 11 passes through the right connecting groove. A right connecting nut is screwed onto the upper part of the right connecting bolt 16 corresponding to the upper position of the slide block 12. A guide groove 17 with its opening facing downward and extending through the front and back is provided on the lower side of the tailstock body 14. The guide groove 17 is trapezoidal with a wider top and narrower bottom. A guide block 13 with its lower side fixedly installed together with the upper side of the slide block 12 is slidably installed in the guide groove 17. An installation groove 19 communicating with the middle of the guide groove 17 is provided on the lower side of the middle of the tailstock body 14. A fine-tuning nut 20 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the guide block 13. A fine-tuning screw 21 with its front end passing through the front of the installation groove 19 and located in front of the tailstock body 14 is screwed into the fine-tuning nut 20. A limiting ring 22 that contacts the inner wall of the front of the installation groove 19 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the front of the fine-tuning screw 21 corresponding to the front position of the tailstock body 14. A fine-tuning knob 23 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the front of the fine-tuning screw 21. A marking layer is provided on the outer side of the fine-tuning knob 23.

[0047] According to the requirements, the tailstock body 14 is a known technology, such as the tailstock device of a CNC cylindrical grinding machine in the patent document with announcement number CN218341792U. This tailstock device can manually or automatically drive the extension and retraction of the tip through the operating mechanism. Compared with the existing operation method of directly pressing the tip with both hands, it can effectively improve the grinding efficiency. The lower side of the slide 12 is shaped like a 7, and the upper side of the slide 12 is horizontal. The marking layer is a scale mark carved on the outside of the fine adjustment knob 23 using the known technology.

[0048] During use, the front of the upper side of the mounting platform 10 is tilted upward relative to the rear, which facilitates the installation of the tailstock assembly. When the tailstock assembly and the direct drive headstock 3 are installed with the workpiece to be processed, the grinding assembly can be moved back and forth to process inner and outer walls of various diameters, reducing the number of moving steps of the grinding assembly, reducing errors during the movement process, and thus improving the accuracy of the workpiece to be processed. The setting of the fixing groove 11 facilitates the installation between the tailstock assembly and the mounting platform 10 and reduces the installation difficulty. The setting of the fine adjustment knob 23 and the fine adjustment screw 21 can adjust the coaxiality of the tailstock body 14 and the direct drive headstock 3, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece to be processed.

[0049] Example 4: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a sliding plate 24 with a 7-shaped lower side is installed on the upper left side of the mounting platform 10, and a center frame 25 is fixedly installed on the right side of the sliding plate 24. Depending on the requirements, the center frame 25 can be a known hydraulic or pneumatic center frame. When machining slender shaft and tube parts, it can ensure the coaxiality of the workpiece and meet the radial runout requirements. The 7-shaped lower side of the sliding plate 24 facilitates its installation, improves the stability of the center frame 25, and also improves the accuracy of the tailstock body 14 and the center frame 25. Furthermore, this design facilitates chip removal, preventing the accumulation of grinding debris on the guide rails and affecting the accuracy of the workpiece.

[0050] Example 5: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the drive mechanism includes a mounting base 26, a first drive motor 27, and a gear ring 28. The left side of the fixed base 4, corresponding to the left position of the left guide rail 6, is provided with a stepped surface 29. An arc-shaped gear ring 28 with an inward opening and coaxial with the left guide rail 6 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the stepped surface 29. The mounting base 26 is fixedly installed on the left side of the support base 5. The first drive motor 27 is fixedly installed on the mounting base 26. A transmission gear 30 that meshes with the outer side of the gear ring 28 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the output shaft of the first drive motor 27.

[0051] According to the requirements, the first drive motor 27 is a known technology, such as a servo motor of the S08-AM3 series, and the transmission gear 30 is a known backlash-free gear. This can not only improve the rotation accuracy of the support 5 and facilitate the positioning of the workpiece to be processed, but also reduce the noise when the support 5 rotates and improve the working environment. When the first drive motor 27 is working, it can drive the transmission gear 30 to rotate, so that the transmission gear 30 and the outer side of the gear ring 28 rotate relative to each other, thereby making the support 5 rotate circumferentially on the left guide rail 6 and the right guide rail 8 on the horizontal plane.

[0052] Example 6: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 1As shown, it also includes a hydraulic rotary table 31, which is installed between the upper side of the fixed base 4 and the lower side of the support base 5. According to requirements, the hydraulic rotary table 31 is a known prior art technology. A photoelectric servo motor encoder (model ZKD-86-1000BM / 4P-G05L) for detecting the rotation angle is installed at the lower end of the hydraulic rotary table 31. This configuration reduces the load on the left guide rail 6 and the right guide rail 8, reducing deformation, and allows the support base 5 to rotate along the center of the hydraulic rotary table 31 on the left and right guide rails 6 and 8, reducing the load on the first drive motor 27, improving the rotational accuracy of the support base 5, and thus improving machining accuracy.

[0053] Example 7: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the grinding assembly includes a fixed frame 32, a connecting seat 33, a second drive motor 34, a first grinding wheel 35, a third drive motor 36, a second grinding wheel 37, and a lifting motor 38. The rear side of the fixed frame 32 is fixedly installed together with the upper front side of the cross slide 2. The second drive motor 34 is fixedly installed on the lower right side of the fixed frame 32. The first grinding wheel 35 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left end of the output shaft of the second drive motor 34. The lifting motor 38 is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the fixed frame 32 above the second drive motor 34. A rotating sleeve 39 is fixedly installed on the outer left side of the output shaft of 38. The outer side of the rotating sleeve 39 is rotatably installed together with the front part of the fixed frame 32. The outer side of the middle part of the rotating sleeve 39 is fixedly installed together with the rear side of the connecting seat 33. A third drive motor 36 is installed on the front part of the connecting seat 33. A second grinding wheel 37 with an outer diameter smaller than the first grinding wheel 35 is fixedly installed on the outer left end of the output shaft of the third drive motor 36. A grinding wheel dressing device 40 for dressing the first grinding wheel 35 and the second grinding wheel 37 is provided on the upper side of the support seat 5 corresponding to the position behind the direct drive head frame 3.

[0054] Depending on the requirements, the grinding wheel dressing device 40 is a known prior art, such as a diamond roller dresser, a diamond pen grinding wheel dresser, or a thread dressing grinder as described in patent document CN116330161A, entitled "Adjustable Multi-line Thread Machining Dressing Workbench". The lifting motor 38 is a known prior art, such as being composed of a servo motor of model S08-AM3 series and a ZPGH helical right-angle precision planetary reducer installed together. The second drive motor 34 and the third drive motor 36 are known prior art electric spindles.

[0055] When the lifting motor 38 is working, it drives the rotating sleeve 39 to rotate, thereby causing the connecting seat 33 to rotate. This ultimately drives the second grinding wheel 37 to rotate to the position where the inner circle of the workpiece needs to be ground. If only the outer circle needs to be ground, the lifting motor 38 can be controlled to flip the front end of the connecting seat 33 upwards. This avoids mutual interference between the inner and outer circle machining processes. The direct-drive headstock 3 can perform both inner and outer circle machining in a single clamping operation, reducing the number of clamping operations and clamping errors, and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The grinding wheel dressing device 40 can dress the first grinding wheel 35 and the second grinding wheel 37, increasing their service life and reducing processing costs.

[0056] Example 8: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the grinding assembly also includes a positioning cylinder 41 and a hinge seat 42. The positioning cylinder 41 is hingedly installed on the upper side of the cross slide 2 corresponding to the rear position of the rotating sleeve 39, and the hinge seat 42 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the connecting seat 33 corresponding to the front position of the rotating sleeve 39. The front end of the piston rod of the positioning cylinder 41 is hingedly installed together with the hinge seat 42.

[0057] According to the requirements, the positioning cylinder 41 is a known existing technology. For example, in the SCL-B series cylinders, the piston rod of the positioning cylinder 41 is hinged together with the existing fisheye joint and the hinge seat 42. During use, by setting the positioning cylinder 41, the lifting motor 38 can drive the rotating sleeve 39 to rotate, thereby causing the connecting seat 33 to rotate, and finally driving the second grinding wheel 37 to rotate to the position of the inner circle of the workpiece to be processed. The positioning cylinder 41 can fix the fixing frame 32. The second grinding wheel 37 first runs smoothly and quickly into position by the lifting motor 38, and then is fixed and locked by the positioning cylinder 41, avoiding the vibration phenomenon that exists when the lifting motor 38 runs alone or the impact phenomenon that exists when the positioning cylinder 41 runs alone, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the inner circle of the workpiece to be processed.

[0058] Example 9: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figures 1 to 6As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the system also includes a circulating pump 47 and a control unit. The base 1 is a mineral casting base. A U-shaped cooling channel 43 with a rearward opening is provided on the lower inner side of the base 1. Both ends of the cooling channel 43 extend to the rear side of the base 1. A water inlet pipe 44 is fixedly connected to the first end of the cooling channel 43, and a water inlet pipe 44 is fixedly connected to the second end of the cooling channel 43. A water outlet pipe 45 is fixedly connected to the outlet of the circulating pump 47. Two fixing holes 46 are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the front part of the base 1 corresponding to the position in front of the cooling channel 43. Each fixing hole 46 is sealed and fixedly installed with a... Temperature sensors are fixedly mounted on the upper side of the fixed base 4 at a distance from front to back on the right side of the right guide rail 8. A sensing block 50 is fixedly mounted on the right side of the support base 5 between the front proximity switches 48 and the rear proximity switches 49. The front proximity switches 48, the rear proximity switches 49 and each temperature sensor are connected to the control unit. The control unit is connected to the first drive motor 27, the second drive motor 34, the third drive motor 36, the positioning cylinder 41, the grinding wheel dressing device 40, the lifting motor 38, the cross slide 2 and the circulation pump 47 respectively.

[0059] According to the requirements, the temperature sensor, the front proximity switch 48 and the rear proximity switch 49 are all existing known technologies. There are two temperature sensors and two fixing holes 46. The control unit is an existing known programmable controller or a 630TA CNC system. The mineral casting base 1 has high rigidity. When in use, the water inlet pipe 44 and the water outlet pipe 45 are connected to the cooling water pipeline. This can cool the base 1, improve the thermal stability of the base 1, and thus improve the machining accuracy of the parts.

[0060] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A composite grinding machine for internal and external cylindrical surfaces, characterized in that... It includes a base, a direct drive headstock, a tailstock assembly, a rotary drive assembly, a grinding assembly, and a cross slide. The direct drive headstock for clamping the workpiece is located on the upper front of the base. The tailstock assembly for pressing the end of the workpiece is located to the right of the direct drive headstock. The rotary drive assembly for rotating the direct drive headstock and the tailstock assembly in the same direction is located on the upper front of the base. The grinding assembly for grinding the outer and inner walls of the workpiece is located behind the rotary drive assembly. The cross slide for moving the grinding assembly left and right and back and forth is located on the upper rear of the base. The corner drive assembly includes a fixed base, a support base, a left guide rail, a right guide rail, and a drive mechanism. The lower side of the fixed base is fixedly installed together with the upper front side of the base. A support base is provided above the fixed base. An arc-shaped left guide rail with an opening to the right is fixedly installed on the upper left side of the fixed base. A right guide rail that is centrally symmetrical with the left guide rail is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the fixed base. A drive mechanism that drives the support base to slide along the left and right guide rails is provided on the left side of the fixed base. The direct drive head frame is fixedly installed on the upper left side of the support base, and the tailstock assembly is installed on the upper right side of the support base. The grinding assembly includes a fixed frame, a connecting seat, a second drive motor, a first grinding wheel, a third drive motor, a second grinding wheel, and a lifting motor. The rear side of the fixed frame is fixedly installed together with the upper front side of the cross slide. The second drive motor is fixedly installed on the lower right side of the fixed frame. The first grinding wheel is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left end of the output shaft of the second drive motor. A lifting motor is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the fixed frame above the second drive motor. A rotating sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left part of the output shaft of the lifting motor. The outer side of the rotating sleeve is rotatably installed together with the front part of the fixed frame. The outer side of the middle part of the rotating sleeve is fixedly installed together with the rear side of the connecting seat. The third drive motor is installed on the front of the connecting seat. A second grinding wheel with an outer diameter smaller than the first grinding wheel is fixedly installed on the outer side of the left end of the output shaft of the third drive motor. A grinding wheel dressing device for dressing the first and second grinding wheels is provided on the upper side of the support seat corresponding to the position behind the direct drive headstock. The grinding assembly also includes a positioning cylinder and a hinge seat. The positioning cylinder is hinged to the upper side of the cross slide corresponding to the rear position of the rotating sleeve, and the hinge seat is fixedly installed on the upper side of the connecting seat corresponding to the front position of the rotating sleeve. The front end of the piston rod of the positioning cylinder is hinged to the hinge seat.

2. The internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that... At least one left slider is slidably installed at intervals along the circumference on the upper part of the left guide rail. The upper side of each left slider is fixedly installed together with the corresponding position on the lower left side of the support base. At least one right slider is slidably installed at intervals along the circumference on the upper part of the right guide rail. The upper side of each right slider is fixedly installed together with the corresponding position on the lower right side of the support base.

3. The internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that... A mounting platform is fixed to the upper side of the support base corresponding to the right position of the direct drive head frame. The front of the upper side of the mounting platform is inclined upward relative to the rear. The left side of the mounting platform has a through-hole fixing groove, which is T-shaped with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The tailstock assembly includes a slide, guide block, fine-tuning screw, fine-tuning knob, and tailstock body. A 7-shaped slide is slidably mounted on the upper right side of the mounting platform. The upper side of the slide and the lower side of the tailstock body are fixed together. The left side of the slide corresponding to the left position of the tailstock body has a U-shaped left connecting groove that runs vertically through the top and bottom and opens to the left. A left connecting bolt with its head located within the wide diameter section of the fixing groove passes through the left connecting groove. A left connecting nut is screwed onto the upper part of the left connecting bolt corresponding to the upper side of the slide. The right side of the slide corresponding to the right position of the tailstock body has a U-shaped right connecting groove that runs vertically through the top and bottom and opens to the right. A right connecting bolt with its head located within the wide diameter section of the fixed groove passes through the right connecting groove. A right connecting nut is screwed onto the upper part of the right connecting bolt corresponding to the upper side of the slide block. A guide groove with an opening facing downwards and extending through the front and back is provided on the lower side of the tailstock body. The guide groove is trapezoidal, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. A guide block with its lower side fixedly installed together with the upper side of the slide block is slidably installed in the guide groove. An installation groove communicating with the middle of the guide groove is provided on the lower side of the middle of the tailstock body. A fine-tuning nut is fixedly installed on the upper side of the guide block. A fine-tuning screw with its front end passing through the front part of the installation groove and located in front of the tailstock body is screwed into the fine-tuning nut. A limiting ring that contacts the inner wall of the front part of the installation groove is fixedly installed on the outer side of the front part of the fine-tuning screw corresponding to the front side of the tailstock body. A fine-tuning knob is fixedly installed on the outer side of the front part of the fine-tuning screw. A marking layer is provided on the outer side of the fine-tuning knob.

4. The internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that... A 7-shaped sliding plate is installed on the upper left side of the mounting platform, and a center frame is fixedly installed on the right side of the sliding plate.

5. The internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine according to claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that... The drive mechanism includes a mounting base, a first drive motor, and a gear ring. The left side of the fixed base corresponding to the left position of the left guide rail has a stepped surface. An arc-shaped gear ring with an inward opening and coaxial with the left guide rail is fixedly installed on the upper side of the stepped surface. A mounting base is fixedly installed on the left side of the support base. The first drive motor is fixedly installed on the mounting base. A transmission gear that meshes with the outer side of the gear ring is fixedly installed at the lower end of the output shaft of the first drive motor. The mechanism also includes a hydraulic turntable, which is installed between the upper side of the fixed base and the lower side of the support base.

6. The internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that... It also includes a circulation pump and a control unit. The base is a mineral casting base. The lower inner side of the base has a U-shaped cooling channel with an opening facing backward. Both ends of the cooling channel extend to the rear side of the base. The first end of the cooling channel is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe, and the second end of the cooling channel is fixedly connected to the water inlet of the circulation pump. The water outlet of the circulation pump is fixedly connected to an outlet pipe. The front part of the base, corresponding to the position in front of the cooling channel, has two fixing holes spaced apart on the left and right. Each fixing hole is sealed and fixedly installed with a temperature sensor. The front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch are fixedly installed at intervals on the upper side of the fixing seat corresponding to the right side of the right guide rail. Between the front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch, there is a sensing block fixedly installed on the right side of the support base. The front proximity switch, the rear proximity switch, and each temperature sensor are all connected to the control unit. The control unit is connected to the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the third drive motor, the positioning cylinder, the grinding wheel dressing device, the lifting motor, the cross slide, and the circulation pump.

7. The internal and external cylindrical composite grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that... It also includes a circulation pump and a control unit. The base is a mineral casting base. The lower inner side of the base has a U-shaped cooling channel with an opening facing backward. Both ends of the cooling channel extend to the rear side of the base. The first end of the cooling channel is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe, and the second end of the cooling channel is fixedly connected to the water inlet of the circulation pump. The water outlet of the circulation pump is fixedly connected to an outlet pipe. The front part of the base, corresponding to the position in front of the cooling channel, has two fixing holes spaced apart on the left and right. Each fixing hole is sealed and fixedly installed with a temperature sensor. The front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch are fixedly installed at intervals on the upper side of the fixing seat corresponding to the right side of the right guide rail. Between the front proximity switch and the rear proximity switch, there is a sensing block fixedly installed on the right side of the support base. The front proximity switch, the rear proximity switch, and each temperature sensor are all connected to the control unit. The control unit is connected to the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the third drive motor, the positioning cylinder, the grinding wheel dressing device, the lifting motor, the cross slide, and the circulation pump.

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