A method and system for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double-indenter scratches

Abstract

The present invention discloses an abrasive wear behavior evaluation method and system based on multi-channel double-indenter scratches, which belongs to the field of material friction and wear technology, including: controlling a large indenter to slide on the material surface to obtain a prefabricated scratch; controlling a small indenter to slide in the middle position of the prefabricated scratch to obtain a small scratch, observing the morphology of the small scratch and quantitatively measuring the scratch depth to obtain a wear behavior evaluation result. The present invention uses a large indenter and a small indenter to scratch the material surface, which can be closer to the real abrasive wear process, eliminate the disadvantage that the contact stress gradually decreases due to the increase in the contact area of ​​a single indenter scratch, and can reflect the work hardening effect of metal materials under different wear conditions. At the same time, by changing the load of the large indenter, a series of wear surfaces under different working conditions can be obtained in a single test, which can efficiently reveal the wear mechanism and wear resistance of the material under multiple working conditions, effectively improving the test efficiency and reducing the test cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material friction and wear, and in particular relates to an abrasive wear behavior evaluation method and system based on multi-channel double-indenter scratches. Background Art

[0002] Friction and wear are common in various industrial applications, and the losses caused by friction and wear in my country's industry are quite serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the wear performance of materials, explore the wear mechanism of materials, and based on this, improve the wear resistance of materials or develop wear-resistant materials to reduce economic losses.

[0003] The traditional simple method for studying the wear mechanism and wear performance of materials is to perform a single-indenter single-pass scratch test on the initial surface of the material. It uses a rigid indenter to perform a single sliding on the polished surface of the material under controllable load and speed to simulate the wear process. However, this method is overly simplified and there is a big difference from the actual wear process. Later, on this basis, the single-indenter multi-pass scratch method was used, but as the number of scratches increased, the scratch contact area also gradually increased, resulting in a gradual decrease in contact stress, making it difficult to reveal the damage state of the worn subsurface. Therefore, the current scratch methods cannot well reflect the wear mechanism and wear performance of materials under real wear conditions.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a scratch test method that is closer to the actual wear condition to reveal the wear mechanism of the material and evaluate its wear performance is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. In addition, the current single wear test takes a long time, and the wear test time under multiple conditions is cumulative; therefore, how to design a high-throughput scratch test method to improve the test efficiency also needs further exploration. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double-indenter scratches, which evaluates abrasive wear behavior by prefabricating multi-load gradient scratches with a large indenter and making final small scratches with a small indenter, thereby solving the problem that the prior art cannot truly reflect the wear mechanism and wear performance of the material.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double-indenter scratches, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain the constant load change rate, starting load, ending load, large indenter sliding speed, small indenter constant load and small indenter sliding speed;

[0009] S2: According to the constant load change rate, the starting load, the ending load and the sliding speed of the large indenter, the large indenter is controlled to slide on the surface of the material to obtain a prefabricated scratch;

[0010] S3: According to the prefabricated scratch, the constant load of the small indenter and the sliding speed of the small indenter, the small indenter is controlled to slide in the middle position of the prefabricated scratch to obtain a small scratch;

[0011] S4: Observe the morphology and measure the depth of small scratches to obtain the evaluation results of abrasive wear behavior.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention utilizes a large pressure head and a small pressure head to scratch the surface of the material, which can eliminate the disadvantage that the contact stress gradually decreases due to the increase in contact area of ​​multiple scratches with a single pressure head, quantitatively characterizes the wear resistance of the material under different wear conditions, and reveals the damage of the sub-surface layer during the wear process. At the same time, when the present invention utilizes a large pressure head to scratch, the pressure applied to the large pressure head is changed according to a preset value, and multiple load gradient scratches caused by different pressures on the material surface are obtained in one scratch, thereby realizing high-throughput quantification of scratches under multiple loads, and being able to obtain characteristics such as wear mechanism and wear resistance under multiple different conditions in a single test, effectively improving the test efficiency and reducing the test cost.

[0013] Further: the specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0014] S201: applying a uniformly changing pressure from a starting load to an ending load to the large pressure head according to a constant load changing rate;

[0015] S202: while applying pressure uniformly from the initial load to the final load to the large pressure head, according to the sliding speed of the large pressure head, controlling the large pressure head to slide linearly in one direction at a uniform speed on the surface of the material for a first preset distance;

[0016] S203: when the large pressure head slides linearly on the material surface at a uniform speed in one direction for a first preset distance, unloading the load of the large pressure head, and moving the large pressure head back to the sliding starting position under a no-force condition;

[0017] S204: Repeat S201 to S203 several times to obtain steady-state prefabricated scratches under various working conditions on the material surface.

[0018] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is: through the pre-made scratches of the large indenter, the wear surface of the material surface in a stable work-hardened state formed after countless particle scratches under actual wear conditions can be simulated. At the same time, by changing the pressure applied by the large indenter, the wear behavior under multiple load conditions can be evaluated in a single wear test, thereby improving test efficiency and saving test costs.

[0019] Further: the specific steps of S3 are as follows:

[0020] S301: applying uniform pressure to the small pressure head according to the small pressure head constant load;

[0021] S302: while applying uniform pressure to the small pressure head, according to the sliding speed of the small pressure head, the small pressure head is controlled to slide uniformly in a straight line along the sliding track of the large pressure head in the middle position of the prefabricated scratch for a second preset distance to obtain a small scratch.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: by adding a small indenter on the basis of the large indenter to scratch the prefabricated scratch, the influence of the contact stress decrease caused by the gradual increase in the contact area of ​​a single indenter due to multiple scratches can be eliminated; the wear resistance of the material under different working conditions can be quantitatively characterized according to the indentation depth of the small scratch, and the wear mechanism can be more significantly reflected according to the morphological characteristics of the small scratch.

[0023] Further: the specific steps of S4 are as follows:

[0024] S401: Use 3D white light interferometry profilometer to quantitatively measure small scratches and obtain the depth of the small indenter;

[0025] S402: Obtaining the wear resistance of the material according to the scratching depth;

[0026] S403: Using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, observe the wear morphology of the surface of the prefabricated scratches and small scratches, and the microstructure morphology of the cross section, and analyze the wear mechanism of the material;

[0027] S404: Obtain abrasive wear behavior evaluation results based on the material wear resistance and wear mechanism.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the penetration depth of small scratches can be measured by 3D white light interferometry profilometer, and the wear resistance of the material under different working conditions can be quantitatively characterized. The wear characteristics such as the surface morphology of prefabricated scratches and small scratches and the microstructural changes of the cross section can be microscopically characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively, so as to analyze the wear mechanism of the work-hardened material under actual wear conditions.

[0029] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an abrasive wear behavior evaluation system based on multi-pass double-indenter scratches, comprising:

[0030] A parameter acquisition module is used to obtain a constant load change rate, a starting load, an ending load, a large pressure head sliding speed, a small pressure head constant load, and a small pressure head sliding speed;

[0031] A prefabricated scratch module is used to control the large indenter to slide on the material surface according to the constant load change rate, the starting load, the ending load and the sliding speed of the large indenter to obtain the prefabricated scratch;

[0032] A small scratch module is used to control the small indenter to slide in the middle of the prefabricated scratch according to the prefabricated scratch, the small indenter constant load and the small indenter sliding speed to obtain the small scratch;

[0033] The wear behavior evaluation module is used to observe the morphology and measure the depth of small scratches to obtain the abrasive wear behavior evaluation results.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention sets the scratching modes of the large indenter and the small indenter respectively through the parameter acquisition module to meet the wear test requirements of different working conditions; through the prefabricated scratch module, it simulates the wear surface of the material surface in a stable work-hardening state formed after countless particle scratches under actual wear conditions, and can simulate the wear state of the material surface under multiple different working conditions in one scratch; through the small scratch module, it can scratch on the basis of the prefabricated scratches to simulate the abrasive wear behavior of a single particle, significantly revealing the wear resistance and wear mechanism of the material surface in the process of wear; through the wear behavior evaluation module, it can observe the morphology and measure the depth of small scratches, and convert them into quantitative abrasive wear behavior evaluation results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double-indenter scratches in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of high-throughput multi-pass double-indenter scratching in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a scratch morphology diagram of martensitic steel subjected to high-throughput multi-pass double-indenter scratching under multiple load conditions in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a system block diagram of an abrasive wear behavior evaluation method based on multi-pass dual-indenter scratches in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an abrasive wear behavior evaluation method based on multi-pass double indenter scratches, comprising:

[0042] S1: Obtain the constant load change rate, starting load, ending load, large indenter sliding speed, small indenter constant load and small indenter sliding speed;

[0043] S2: According to the constant load change rate, the starting load, the ending load and the sliding speed of the large indenter, the large indenter is controlled to slide on the material surface to obtain prefabricated scratches, simulating the work hardening layer under different load conditions in the actual wear process, that is, the wear surface;

[0044] S3: According to the prefabricated scratch, the constant load of the small indenter and the sliding speed of the small indenter, the small indenter is controlled to slide in the middle position of the prefabricated scratch to obtain a small scratch, simulating the abrasive wear behavior of a single particle;

[0045] S4: Observe the morphology and measure the scratch depth of small scratches to obtain the evaluation results of abrasive wear behavior.

[0046] Among them, the specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0047] S201: applying a changing pressure uniformly from a starting load to a final load to the large pressure head according to a constant load changing rate;

[0048] S202: while applying pressure uniformly from the initial load to the final load to the large pressure head, according to the sliding speed of the large pressure head, controlling the large pressure head to slide linearly in one direction at a uniform speed on the surface of the material for a first preset distance;

[0049] S203: when the large pressure head slides linearly on the material surface at a uniform speed in one direction for a first preset distance, unloading the load of the large pressure head, and moving the large pressure head back to the sliding starting position under a no-force condition;

[0050] S204: Repeat S201 to S203 several times to obtain steady-state prefabricated scratches under various working conditions on the material surface.

[0051] The specific steps of S3 are as follows:

[0052] S301: applying uniform pressure to the small pressure head according to the small pressure head constant load;

[0053] S302: while applying uniform pressure to the small pressure head, according to the sliding speed of the small pressure head, the small pressure head is controlled to slide uniformly in a straight line along the sliding track of the large pressure head in a middle position of the prefabricated scratch produced by the large pressure head for a second preset distance to obtain a small scratch.

[0054] Among them, the specific steps of S4 are as follows:

[0055] S401: Quantitatively measure the small scratches using a 3D white light interferometer profilometer to obtain the depth of the small indenter; S402: Obtain the wear resistance of the material under the corresponding large indenter load condition based on the scratch depth of the small indenter;

[0056] S403: Using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, observe the wear morphology of the surface of the prefabricated scratches and small scratches, and the microstructure morphology of the cross section, and analyze the wear mechanism of the material;

[0057] S404: Obtain abrasive wear behavior evaluation results based on the material's wear resistance and wear mechanism.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention utilizes a large pressure head and a small pressure head to scratch the surface of a material, which can eliminate the influence of a single pressure head on the decrease in contact stress caused by the gradual increase in contact area due to multiple scratches, quantitatively characterize the wear resistance of the material under different wear conditions, and reveal the damage state of the sub-surface during the wear process; at the same time, when the present invention utilizes a large pressure head to scratch, the pressure applied to the large pressure head is changed according to a preset value, and multiple load gradient scratches caused by different pressures on the material surface are obtained in one scratch, thereby realizing high-throughput quantification of scratches under multiple loads, and being able to obtain characteristics such as wear mechanism and wear resistance under multiple different working conditions in a single test, thereby avoiding the accumulated test time, effectively improving the test efficiency and reducing the test cost.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tip radius of the large indenter is 100 μm, the cone angle is 120°, the tip radius of the small indenter is 5 μm, the cone angle is 60°, and the material to be tested is martensitic steel;

[0061] Set the load constant change rate to 2.5N / min, the starting load to 2.5N, the ending load to 15N, the large indenter sliding speed to 0.5mm / min, the small indenter constant load to 0.3N, and the small indenter sliding speed to 0.5mm / min;

[0062] The large indenter is controlled according to the above-set values: a large indenter with a tip radius of 100 μm and a cone angle of 120° is continuously applied with a pressure from 2.5 N to 15 N at a constant load change rate of 2.5 N / min, and the large indenter is required to slide uniformly along a straight line in a single direction on the surface of the material at a constant sliding speed of 0.5 mm / min to form an initial multi-load gradient prefabricated scratch of 3 mm, including: a prefabricated scratch with a load of 2.5 N, a prefabricated scratch with a load of 5 N, a prefabricated scratch with a load of 7.5 N, a prefabricated scratch with a load of 10 N, a prefabricated scratch with a load of 12.5 N, and a prefabricated scratch with a load of 15 N; after the sliding is completed, the large indenter instantly unloads the load, and returns to the starting position under the condition that there is no force on the formed scratch surface, and slides repeatedly along the formed scratch in the same direction and trajectory for 10 times, and finally obtains a multi-load gradient prefabricated scratch that has reached a stable state; Figure 2 As shown in (1), the prefabricated scratches of the 15N load condition are obtained after multiple scratches by a large indenter at the 15N stage under multiple load gradients in the high-throughput multi-pass double indenter scratch test. This simulates the wear surface of the material surface in a stable work-hardened state formed after countless particle scratches under actual wear conditions.

[0063] The small indenter is controlled according to the above set values: a constant load of 0.3N is applied to the small indenter with a tip radius of 5μm and a cone angle of 60°, and at the same time, the initial position of the large indenter on the inner contact surface of the preformed scratch is used as the starting point, and a single slide is performed along the trajectory at a constant sliding speed of 0.5mm / min at the middle position of the multi-load gradient preformed scratch formed by the large indenter to form a final small scratch of 3mm; Figure 2 As shown in (2), the small pressure head is Figure 2 The scratches were made in the middle of the prefabricated scratches with multiple load gradients in (1), and the final small scratches with a load condition of 15N under multiple load gradients were obtained. The scratch depth was quantitatively measured using a 3D white light interferometer profiler as the wear resistance of the material under the actual wear condition. At the same time, the damage characteristics of the small scratches significantly revealed the wear mechanism of the material under the current load condition.

[0064] The surface morphology of small scratches under various load conditions of a large indenter is observed and analyzed by a metallographic microscope. In this embodiment, the surface morphology of small scratches under a 5N large indenter load condition, a 10N large indenter load condition, and a 15N large indenter load condition are observed and analyzed. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it is found that with the increase of large indenter load, the material peeling characteristics of the small indenter scratch surface become more serious. This is mainly because the increase of large indenter load approaches the limit of its work hardening ability, resulting in increased brittleness of the material surface, which easily causes a large amount of material stratification and peeling, and ultimately significantly reduces its wear resistance.

[0065] This embodiment quantitatively characterizes the wear resistance of the material under different working conditions through a high-throughput multi-pass dual-indenter scratch method. Compared with the scratch morphology formed by a large indenter, a small indenter can better reveal the actual wear damage mechanism under different working conditions.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an abrasive wear behavior evaluation system based on multi-channel dual-indenter scratches, comprising:

[0068] A parameter acquisition module is used to obtain a constant load change rate, a starting load, an ending load, a large pressure head sliding speed, a small pressure head constant load, and a small pressure head sliding speed;

[0069] A prefabricated scratch module is used to control the large indenter to slide on the material surface according to the constant load change rate, the starting load, the ending load and the sliding speed of the large indenter to obtain the prefabricated scratch;

[0070] A small scratch module is used to control the small indenter to slide in the middle of the prefabricated scratch according to the prefabricated scratch, the small indenter constant load and the small indenter sliding speed to obtain the small scratch;

[0071] The wear behavior evaluation module is used to observe the morphology and measure the depth of small scratches to obtain the abrasive wear behavior evaluation results.

[0072] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention sets the scratching modes of the large indenter and the small indenter respectively through the parameter acquisition module to achieve the wear test requirements of different working conditions; through the prefabricated scratch module, it simulates the wear surface of the material surface in a stable work-hardening state formed after countless particle scratches under actual wear conditions, and at the same time can simulate the wear state of the material surface under multiple different working conditions in one scratch; through the small scratch module, it can scratch on the basis of the prefabricated scratches to simulate the abrasive wear behavior of a single particle, which can more significantly reveal the wear resistance and wear mechanism of the material surface in the process of wear; through the wear behavior evaluation module, it can observe the morphology and measure the depth of small scratches, and convert them into quantitative abrasive wear behavior evaluation results.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double-indenter scratches, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Obtain the constant load change rate, starting load, ending load, large indenter sliding speed, small indenter constant load and small indenter sliding speed; S2: According to the constant load change rate, the starting load, the ending load and the sliding speed of the large indenter, the large indenter is controlled to slide on the surface of the material to obtain a prefabricated scratch; S3: According to the prefabricated scratch, the constant load of the small indenter and the sliding speed of the small indenter, the small indenter is controlled to slide in the middle position of the prefabricated scratch to obtain a small scratch; S4: Observe the morphology and measure the scratch depth of small scratches to obtain the evaluation results of abrasive wear behavior.

2. The abrasive wear behavior evaluation method based on multi-pass double-indenter scratching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of S2 are as follows: S201: applying a changing pressure uniformly from a starting load to a final load to the large pressure head according to a constant load changing rate; S202: while applying pressure uniformly from the initial load to the final load to the large pressure head, according to the sliding speed of the large pressure head, controlling the large pressure head to slide linearly in one direction at a uniform speed on the surface of the material for a first preset distance; S203: when the large pressure head slides linearly on the material surface at a uniform speed in one direction for a first preset distance, unloading the load of the large pressure head, and moving the large pressure head back to the sliding starting position under a no-force condition; S204: Repeat S201 to S203 several times to obtain steady-state prefabricated scratches under various working conditions on the material surface.

3. The abrasive wear behavior evaluation method based on multi-pass double-indenter scratching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of S3 are as follows: S301: applying uniform pressure to the small pressure head according to the small pressure head constant load; S302: while applying uniform pressure to the small pressure head, according to the sliding speed of the small pressure head, the small pressure head is controlled to slide uniformly in a straight line along the sliding track of the large pressure head in a middle position of the prefabricated scratch produced by the large pressure head for a second preset distance to obtain a small scratch.

4. The abrasive wear behavior evaluation method based on multi-pass double-indenter scratching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of S4 are as follows: S401: Use 3D white light interferometry profilometer to quantitatively measure small scratches and obtain the depth of the small indenter; S402: according to the scratch depth of the small indenter, the wear resistance of the material under the corresponding large indenter load condition is obtained; S403: Using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, observe the wear morphology of the surface of the prefabricated scratches and small scratches, and the microstructure morphology of the cross section, and analyze the wear mechanism of the material; S404: Obtain abrasive wear behavior evaluation results based on the material wear resistance and wear mechanism.

5. A system for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double indenter scratches, used to execute the method for evaluating abrasive wear behavior based on multi-pass double indenter scratches as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: A parameter acquisition module is used to obtain a constant load change rate, a starting load, an ending load, a large pressure head sliding speed, a small pressure head constant load, and a small pressure head sliding speed; A prefabricated scratch module is used to control the large indenter to slide on the material surface according to the constant load change rate, the starting load, the ending load and the sliding speed of the large indenter to obtain the prefabricated scratch; A small scratch module is used to control the small indenter to slide in the middle of the prefabricated scratch according to the prefabricated scratch, the small indenter constant load and the small indenter sliding speed to obtain the small scratch; The wear behavior evaluation module is used to observe the morphology of small scratches and measure the scratch depth to obtain the abrasive wear behavior evaluation results.

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