High-risk operation safety management and control method and system based on complex network and ism model

Abstract

The application discloses a high-risk operation safety management and control method and system based on a complex network and an ISM model. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a high-risk operation process into operation procedures, analyzing risk elements involved in each operation procedure according to an element classification standard; analyzing the risk elements by using a complex network to determine key risk elements in the operation procedures; performing hierarchical division on the key risk elements by using an ISM model to clearly define hierarchical relationships between the key risk elements; and establishing an operation management and control scheme and standard based on the same. The method can perform hierarchical division on safety management and control factors, clearly define logical relationships between the factors, establish a whole-process and whole-element safety operation management and control scheme, effectively solve the problem that operation management and control currently mainly relies on subjective experience, and provide an effective approach for realizing safety production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of risk management in production operations, specifically to a method and system for safety control of high-risk operations based on complex networks and the ISM model. Background Technology

[0002] High-risk operations such as hot work, lifting operations, confined space operations, and operations at heights are involved in various production fields, including construction, mining, petrochemicals, and power. They are characterized by a wide scope of operation, complex production equipment systems, harsh working conditions, large areas of personnel activity, high rates of violations, and significant management challenges, making them highly prone to accidents that can result in serious casualties and property damage. Therefore, establishing effective management methods for high-risk operations is an urgent need for safe production. In the prior art, some scholars have proposed relevant control methods and systems for high-risk operation safety. Patent CN116730226B discloses a safety intelligent monitoring system and method for cantilever cranes, which can automatically monitor and evaluate changes in the crane's operating parameters in real time, and issue alarms and instructions in a timely manner to control the cantilever crane to stop or adjust. Patent CN116843999B discloses a gas cylinder detection method based on deep learning in hot work operations. It uses a YOLOv5 network to detect parameters such as the distance between oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders in the image, and the distance between oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders and the hot work point. This can effectively reduce the safety hazards involved in hot work operations and also reduce the costs of factory materials and manpower.

[0003] Existing safety management methods and systems for high-risk operations primarily focus on risk identification and control of specific equipment parameters such as crane lifting capacity and motor speed. Overall, the risk identification of causal factors in production operations is incomplete and lacks specificity, resulting in ineffective control measures. In particular, the identification and control of key risk elements prone to accidents, such as personnel violations and inadequate operational supervision, are insufficient. Currently, the accident-causing factors involved in high-risk operations are complex and diverse, but lack clear and standardized classification. While complex networks can identify key factors in complex systems, when many factors are involved, the relationships between them are intertwined and difficult to clearly categorize or clarify their hierarchical relationships. Furthermore, while simple ISM models can clarify the hierarchical relationships between factors, they cannot objectively determine the importance of factors based solely on these relationships, thus hindering effective control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for safety management of high-risk operations based on complex networks and the ISM model. High-risk operations are divided into several work processes, and the potential high-risk risk elements within each process are identified. The method uses complex networks to calculate the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality of the risk elements in each work process, thus identifying the key risk elements. The ISM model is then used to classify these risk elements, clarifying the interrelationships and hierarchical structure among them. For each significant risk element, relevant high-risk operation supervision functions are designed from four aspects: personnel, equipment, environment, and management. Specific high-risk operation safety management schemes and standards are determined, addressing the problems of inadequate supervision of high-risk safety operations and the complexity and ambiguity of risk elements and supervision directions.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for safety management of high-risk operations based on complex networks and ISM models, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Divide the high-risk operation process into operation steps and identify the risk factors involved in each operation step.

[0007] Furthermore, the division according to work procedures is based on the changes in the work time and spatial location of the high-risk work, dividing the entire work process into several different work procedures; the risk factors include at least: personnel factors, equipment factors, environmental factors and production operation management factors.

[0008] Step S2: Use complex networks to analyze the risk factors and determine the key risk factors in the work process.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality index of the complex network, the key risk factors involved in the work process are determined.

[0010] Step S3: Use the ISM model to classify the key risk elements into hierarchical levels and clarify the hierarchical relationships between the key risk elements.

[0011] Furthermore, by analyzing the reachability matrix and adjacency matrix, the risk elements are hierarchically divided to clarify the hierarchical relationships between them.

[0012] Furthermore, the process for determining the key risk factors of the aforementioned work procedures specifically includes:

[0013] Based on the work procedures and risk factors determined in step S1, the nodes of the complex network of work procedures are established.

[0014] The personnel elements include psychological and physiological health status, skill status, operational performance, personal past behavior, and emergency response capabilities; the equipment elements include equipment suitability for the job and the quality of equipment and facilities; the on-site environment elements include physical environment, spatial environment, and safety protection; and the production operation management elements include safety training, safety technical briefings, and safety management.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the correlation between the work procedures and the risk factors, for the safety management process of high-risk operations, the connections between the complex network nodes of the work procedures are determined, i.e., the edges of the network.

[0016] Based on the complex network of the work process, the degree of the risk element is determined, namely the out-degree, in-degree, and total degree of the element; the degree refers to the number of connections between a certain risk element and other risk elements, and the total degree is the sum of the out-degree and in-degree.

[0017] Based on the complex network of the work processes, the clustering coefficients of the risk elements in high-risk operations are calculated. The clustering coefficient represents the degree to which a certain risk factor is affected by other risk factors, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, The degree of node i is represented by . Let i be the actual number of connected edges of node i.

[0020] Furthermore, based on the complex network of the work processes, the average shortest distance between any two nodes i and j is calculated; the average shortest distance refers to the number of edges required to traverse from node i to node j; in actual calculations, the shorter the average distance between two nodes, the closer the connections between different processes and elements of the high-risk operation, and the greater the risk; the formula for calculating the average shortest distance is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, This represents the distance between node i and node j. This represents the total number of nodes in the network.

[0023] Based on the complex network of the work processes, the betweenness centrality of different risk elements is calculated. This betweenness centrality is primarily used to assess the importance of different work processes and risk elements in high-risk operations. The calculation method is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, This represents the number of shortest paths from node i to b. This represents the number of shortest paths from a to b, where a and b are other nodes that are not equal to i.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality index of the complex network, the key risk elements involved in the operation process are determined. When a risk element meets a preset threshold, it is determined to be a key risk element. The threshold includes: total degree of the complex network ≥ 2 and betweenness centrality > 0.

[0027] Furthermore, the key risk factors are hierarchically classified using the ISM model. The specific calculation process includes:

[0028] Construct the adjacency matrix. Based on the direct influence relationships between the nodes, establish the adjacency matrix A. In the adjacency matrix A, an element "1" indicates the existence of a directed edge connecting the nodes, while an element "0" indicates that the nodes do not influence each other. The adjacency matrix A can be defined as follows:

[0029]

[0030] After determining the reachability matrix and the adjacency matrix, the reachability matrix M is calculated using the rules of Boolean algebra. The equation of the reachability matrix M is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, I represents the identity matrix, and r represents the order of the matrix that satisfies the equation.

[0033] The key risk elements are divided into levels, and the hierarchical structure of the nodes is divided according to the reachable set R, the antecedent set Q, and the intersection A of the nodes; the intersection represents the overlapping set between the reachable set and the antecedent set.

[0034] Furthermore, the key risk elements include at least three levels: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3.

[0035] The first level is the highest level of critical risk factors, according to Identify the key risk elements at the first level, among which, As a risk factor, To achieve concentrated risk factors, These are risk factors that are concentrated in advance.

[0036] Remove the first-level risk elements from the reachability matrix, find the highest critical risk element level in the new matrix in the same way and determine it as the second level, and repeat the process to obtain the third level.

[0037] Step S4: Based on the analysis results of the complex network of the work process and the ISM model, formulate the safety management and control plan and standards for the high-risk operation.

[0038] The safety control plan and standards for the entire process and all elements of high-risk operations are formulated from three perspectives: operation planning, production factor standards, and operation process. They include four aspects: operation management, equipment and facility configuration and management, operation safety technical requirements, and operation process control.

[0039] The aforementioned operation management refers to the development of control procedures and content requirements for high-risk operations during the planning stage, covering aspects such as hazard identification and risk assessment, operation approval, supervision and inspection, operation classification, and emergency management.

[0040] The equipment and facility configuration and management refers to the technical requirements and control regulations for the equipment and facilities used in the high-risk operations, in terms of equipment quality, protective equipment, fire-fighting equipment, and on-site inspection.

[0041] The aforementioned operational safety technical requirements specify safety management plans and standards for operators, and also formulate corresponding specifications for the safety technical requirements of the equipment and facilities used.

[0042] The aforementioned work process control refers to the establishment of safety control plans and standards for the entire process of the high-risk operation, including pre-operation preparation, operation and supervision, and operation termination.

[0043] On the other hand, the present invention provides a management system for a high-risk operation safety management method based on complex networks and ISM models. The system includes: an operation process division module, a complex network analysis module, and an ISM model hierarchical division module, with each module connected in sequence.

[0044] The work process division module is used to divide high-risk work processes according to work processes and clarify the risk factors involved in each work process.

[0045] The complex network analysis module is used to analyze the risk factors using complex networks to determine the key risk factors in the work process.

[0046] The ISM model hierarchy module is used to hierarchically divide the key risk elements using the ISM model, and to clarify the hierarchical relationship between the key risk elements.

[0047] Furthermore, the system also includes a high-risk operation safety management scheme and standard compilation module, wherein the operation safety management method compilation module is connected to the complex network analysis module and the ISM model hierarchy partitioning module respectively.

[0048] Furthermore, the high-risk operation safety management and control scheme and standard development module is used to determine the importance of risk elements based on the results of the complex network analysis and the hierarchical division results of the ISM model, and to formulate corresponding safety management and control schemes and standards for the entire process and all elements of the high-risk operation, such as formulating corresponding training, supervision, management and punishment and other specific achievable functions.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0050] The method of this invention has advantages such as comprehensive analysis, systematic optimization, predictive management, decision support, flexibility, and adaptability. It can effectively improve the safety of high-risk operations. The complex network model can consider the interaction and mutual influence between various factors during the operation, thereby comprehensively analyzing the safety issues of high-risk operations. At the same time, the ISM model can hierarchically divide safety control factors, clarify the logical relationships between factors, provide a comprehensive perspective for safety management, reduce the subjectivity of on-site personnel supervision, and provide control direction for the safety supervision of high-risk operations. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a high-risk operation safety management method based on complex networks and the ISM model, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a complex network topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a complex network model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the calculated node degree values ​​according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the calculated clustering coefficients of each node in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ISM model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a high-risk operation safety management system based on complex networks and the ISM model, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8This is a high-risk operation safety management scheme and standard framework diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-risk operation safety management method based on complex networks and the ISM model in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S1: Divide the high-risk operation process into operation steps and identify the risk factors involved in each operation step.

[0063] The division according to work procedures is based on the changes in the work time and spatial location of the high-risk work, dividing the entire work process into several different work procedures; the risk factors include at least: personnel factors, equipment factors, environmental factors and production operation management factors.

[0064] Step S2: Use complex networks to analyze the risk factors and determine the key risk factors in the work process.

[0065] Based on the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality index of the complex network, the key risk factors involved in the work process are determined.

[0066] Step S3: Use the ISM model to classify the key risk elements into hierarchical levels and clarify the hierarchical relationships between the key risk elements.

[0067] By analyzing the reachability matrix and adjacency matrix, the risk elements are hierarchically divided, and the hierarchical relationships between the risk elements are clarified.

[0068] It should be noted that in dividing the work processes, based on the changes in the time and spatial location of high-risk operations, the high-risk operation process is divided into different high-risk work processes, including: daily management, pre-operation preparation, on-site operation, and operation completion. In identifying risk factors, based on the divided high-risk work processes, the risk factors involved in each high-risk work process are clearly defined, specifically including: personnel factors, equipment factors, on-site environmental factors, and production operation management factors.

[0069] Personnel factors include psychological state, physiological state, skill level, operational execution, personal behavior, and emergency response; equipment factors include equipment suitability for the job and the condition of equipment and facilities; on-site environmental factors include physical environment, spatial environment, and safety protection; production operation management factors include safety training, safety technical briefings, and safety management. In identifying key risk factors, a complex network of work processes is constructed based on these risk factors, and indicators such as degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality are calculated. The calculation results are analyzed to determine the key risk factors in each work process. In classifying the levels of key risk factors, an Interpretive Structure Model (ISM) for high-risk work processes is established based on the risk factors involved in high-risk work processes. By analyzing the reachability matrix and adjacency matrix, the risk factors are hierarchically classified, clarifying the work process chain. The specific process of constructing a complex network is as follows: First, based on high-risk operation accident cases and the experience of front-line experts, the risk factors involved in the operation procedures are identified, and the nodes of the complex network are determined; then, based on the interrelationships between the risk factors, the edges of the complex network are determined; finally, by calculating the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality of each node in the complex network, the key risk factors are identified.

[0070] The process of determining the key risk elements of a work procedure specifically includes: establishing nodes of a complex network of the work procedure based on the work procedures and risk elements determined in step S1; and determining the connections between the nodes of the complex network of the work procedure, i.e., the edges of the network, for high-risk work safety management processes, according to the correlation between the work procedures and the risk elements.

[0071] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the complex network topology in this embodiment. Based on the complex network topology diagram prepared before the lifting operation, the relationships between risk factors are input into the Gephi software to establish a complex network model for the preparation of the lifting operation.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, taking the preparation before lifting operations as an example, this operation involves 10 risk factors. Among them, personnel-related risk factors include failure to check equipment condition before operation (A1), lingering in dangerous areas (A2), violation of operating procedures (A3), and insufficient skills (A4); equipment-related risk factors include equipment quality problems (B1) and malfunctioning equipment safety protection devices (B2); environmental-related risk factors include failure to set up safety warning signs (C1); and management-related risk factors include unreasonable operating procedures (D1), inadequate safety training (D2), and inadequate risk identification (D3). Based on the interrelationships between the risk factors, a complex network topology diagram of the operation is established.

[0073] like Figure 3The diagram shown is a schematic of the complex network model in this embodiment. Based on the complex network of the work process, the degree of the risk element is determined, namely, the out-degree, in-degree, and total degree of the element; the degree refers to the number of connections between a certain risk element and other risk elements, and the total degree is the sum of the out-degree and in-degree. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 4 The diagram shown is a graph illustrating the calculated node degree values ​​in this embodiment. Based on the complex network model prepared before the lifting operation, the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality of the complex network are calculated. The degree and clustering coefficient of the complex network prepared before the lifting operation are plotted using Origin software.

[0074] Based on the complex network of the work processes, the clustering coefficients of the risk elements in high-risk operations are calculated. The clustering coefficient represents the degree to which a certain risk factor is affected by other risk factors, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] In the formula, The degree of node i is represented by . The actual number of edges connected to node i is calculated as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0077] Based on the complex network of the work processes, the average shortest distance between any two nodes i and j is calculated. The average shortest distance refers to the number of edges required to traverse from node i to node j. In actual calculations, the shorter the average distance between two nodes, the closer the connections between different processes and elements of the high-risk operation, and the greater the risk. The formula for calculating the average shortest distance is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, This represents the distance between node i and node j. This represents the total number of nodes in the network.

[0080] Based on the complex network of the work processes, the betweenness centrality of different risk elements is calculated. This betweenness centrality is primarily used to assess the importance of different work processes and risk elements in high-risk operations. The calculation method is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, This represents the number of shortest paths from node i to b. This represents the number of shortest paths from a to b, where a and b are other nodes that are not equal to i.

[0083] In this case, some nodes have a degree of 1, so the clustering coefficient is set to 999999998. These nodes were removed when plotting the clustering coefficient values. In the betweenness centrality calculation, only A1 and C1 have a betweenness centrality of 0, which are 0.055555556 and 0.013888889, respectively. The average shortest path of the complex network used for preparing for crane operations is 1.25, indicating that at most two nodes are needed to cause a crane operation accident.

[0084] Based on the calculation of the degree, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality of the complex network for pre-crane operation preparation, it can be seen that: the total degree of the following factors is relatively high: failure to check equipment condition before operation (A1), insufficient skills (A4), inadequate safety training (D2), and inadequate risk identification. This indicates that in the pre-crane operation preparation stage, it is necessary to focus on equipment condition, personnel skills, and personnel training. The clustering coefficients of the following factors are relatively high: lingering in dangerous areas (A2), violation of regulations (A3), and equipment quality problems (B1). This indicates that these risk factors are crucial to the safety of the operation before preparation. The betweenness centrality of the following factor is relatively high: failure to check equipment condition before operation (A1). This indicates that it is necessary to focus on equipment condition in the pre-crane operation preparation.

[0085] Based on the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality index of the complex network, the key risk elements involved in the work process are determined. When a risk element meets a preset threshold, it is determined to be a key risk element. The threshold includes: total degree of the complex network ≥ 2 and betweenness centrality > 0.

[0086] The key risk factors are hierarchically classified using the ISM model, and the specific calculation process includes:

[0087] Construct the adjacency matrix. Based on the direct influence relationships between the nodes, establish the adjacency matrix A. In the adjacency matrix A, an element "1" indicates the existence of a directed edge connecting the nodes, while an element "0" indicates that the nodes do not influence each other. The adjacency matrix A can be defined as follows:

[0088]

[0089] After determining the reachability matrix and the adjacency matrix, the reachability matrix M is calculated using the rules of Boolean algebra. The equation of the reachability matrix M is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, I represents the identity matrix, and r represents the order of the matrix that satisfies the equation.

[0092] Based on the interrelationships between nodes in a complex work process network, the ISM model is used to classify risk factors. In this embodiment, the adjacency matrix is ​​represented as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Calculate the reachability matrix M based on the adjacency matrix:

[0095]

[0096] The key risk elements are divided into levels, and the hierarchical structure of the nodes is divided according to the reachable set R, the antecedent set Q, and the intersection A of the nodes; the intersection represents the overlapping set between the reachable set and the antecedent set.

[0097] The key risk elements include at least four levels: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4.

[0098] The first level is the highest level of critical risk factors, according to Identify the key risk elements at the first level, among which, As a risk factor, To achieve concentrated risk factors, These are risk factors that are concentrated in advance.

[0099] Remove the first-level risk elements from the reachability matrix, find the highest critical risk element level in the new matrix in the same way and determine it as the second level, and repeat the process to obtain the third level.

[0100] Based on the adjacency matrix and reachability matrix, the risk elements are hierarchically classified, and an Interpretive Structure Model (ISM) of the pre-operation preparation process for lifting operations is established to determine the operation process chain; such as Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the ISM model in this embodiment.

[0101] According to the ISM model's hierarchical classification of the pre-operation preparation process chain, lingering in hazardous areas (A2), unauthorized operation (A3), equipment quality problems (B1), and malfunctioning equipment safety devices (B2) are at the first level and are the most direct causes of accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on the equipment status and safety devices before operation, and to promptly stop unsafe behaviors by workers. Inadequate safety training (D2) is closely related to personnel factors such as failure to check equipment status before operation (A1), lingering in hazardous areas (A2), unauthorized operation (A3), and insufficient skills (A4). Safety training and education for workers is of paramount importance to personnel safety. During the pre-operation preparation stage, it is necessary to strictly review personnel qualifications and rigorously implement safety training and education to improve workers' safety awareness and standardize their work behavior.

[0102] like Figure 1 As shown, the method further includes step S4, which involves formulating a safety management and control plan and standard for high-risk operations based on the analysis results of the complex network of the work process and the ISM model.

[0103] It should be noted that the aforementioned high-risk operation safety management plan and standards are formulated from three perspectives: operation planning, production factors, and operation process. Specifically, for the unsafe factors involved in Levels 1 and 2 of the ISM model, the high-risk operation safety management plan and standards are formulated from the perspective of production factors; for the unsafe factors involved in Level 3, the high-risk operation safety management plan and standards are formulated from the perspective of operation process; and for the unsafe factors involved in Level 4, the high-risk operation safety management plan and standards are formulated from the perspective of operation planning. The high-risk operation safety management plan and standards specifically include four aspects: operation management, equipment and facility configuration and management, operation safety technical requirements, and operation process control.

[0104] The aforementioned work planning is a general (long-term) basic management approach that supports and ensures the effective implementation of safety production control measures in production enterprises, and improves the level of safety production. It is a prerequisite for doing a good job in work task management and covers a wide range of content. Among them, the main contents related to work personnel include: system construction and management, personnel quality management, support management, and guarantee mechanisms.

[0105] The production factor standards include the standards for the availability and quality of production materials (equipment, facilities, tools, materials, etc.); the standards for working environment conditions; production operation (process) specifications; and personnel safety operating procedures.

[0106] The operation process is divided into the following stages according to the main process links of production operation task management: Technical management: the formulation and approval management of standards such as equipment allocation and quality integrity; Operation organization management: including production planning, operation layout, personnel allocation and operation arrangement, equipment and material preparation, etc.; Pre-operation preparation management: including operation approval and permitting, risk identification, implementation of safety measures, pre-operation safety inspection of equipment, facilities, tools, environment, etc., on-site hazard management, etc.; Operation process management: including (equipment, environment, etc.) safety production status, production schedule arrangement, on-site organization, command and coordination, and supervision and management, etc.

[0107] The aforementioned work management falls under the work planning level, which involves developing safety control plans and standards for high-risk operations from aspects such as hazard identification and risk assessment, work approval, supervision and inspection, work classification, and emergency management.

[0108] The equipment and facility configuration and management and the operational safety technical requirements belong to the production factor level. The equipment and facility configuration and management refer to the requirements for different types of equipment and facilities used in the high-risk operations, specifically including equipment quality, protective equipment, fire-fighting equipment, on-site inspection, etc.

[0109] The aforementioned operational safety technical requirements specify safety management plans and standards for operators, and also formulate corresponding specifications for the safety technical requirements of the equipment and facilities used.

[0110] The aforementioned work process control is at the work process level, and safety control plans and standards have been formulated for the high-risk operations from aspects such as pre-operation preparation, operation and supervision, and operation termination.

[0111] Example 2

[0112] This embodiment provides a management system for a high-risk operation safety management method based on the complex network and ISM model of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the system disclosed in this embodiment. The system includes: a work process division module, a complex network analysis module, and an ISM model hierarchy division module, with each module connected sequentially.

[0113] The work process segmentation module is used to divide high-risk work processes according to work processes, and to identify the risk elements involved in each work process. The complex network analysis module is used to analyze the risk elements using complex networks to identify the key risk elements in the work processes. The ISM model hierarchy segmentation module is used to hierarchically segment the key risk elements using the ISM model, and to identify the hierarchical relationships between the key risk elements.

[0114] The system also includes a high-risk operation safety management scheme and standard compilation module, which is connected to the complex network analysis module and the ISM model hierarchy division module.

[0115] The high-risk operation safety management plan and standard development module is used to determine the importance of risk factors based on the results of the complex network analysis and the hierarchical division results of the ISM model, and to formulate corresponding high-risk operation safety management plans and standards accordingly, such as developing specific and achievable functions like training, supervision, management, and punishment.

[0116] It should be noted that, based on the classification of risk factors and model analysis results for high-risk operations, safety management plans and standards for high-risk operations are formulated. Taking lifting operations as an example, a safety management plan and standards for lifting operations are developed. Combining the analysis results of the complex network and ISM model of all lifting operation procedures, a safety management method for lifting operations is formulated from four aspects: lifting operation management, equipment and facility configuration and management, operation safety technical requirements, and operation process management. The output results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0117] In the management of lifting and hoisting operations, safety control plans and standards for lifting operations are formulated from aspects such as hazard identification and risk assessment, operation approval, and supervision and inspection.

[0118] In response to risk factors such as inadequate safety training and insufficient skills in the ISM model for critical factors analysis of complex networks and pre-operation preparation, the safety control plan and standard operation management stipulate that "crane hoisting operators should undergo professional skills training and pass the qualification test before starting work. Special operation personnel involved in hoisting operations should obtain professional qualification certificates in accordance with the law."

[0119] Regarding hazard identification and assessment, the regulations stipulate that the identification and assessment should cover production materials, environment, personnel, and work processes; among which, production materials include equipment and facilities such as cranes, slings, and lifting tools, as well as objects to be lifted.

[0120] Regarding work approval, the regulations stipulate that a safety work permit must be obtained before hoisting operations, which includes the work location, time, safety measures of the person in charge, supervisor, reviewer, and approver.

[0121] Regarding supervision and inspection, the regulations stipulate that the lifting and hoisting operation process should be supervised and inspected, including work permits, implementation of measures, on-site monitoring, work interruptions, and termination. Supervision and inspection standards should be formulated based on the risk level of the operation, and the content should include: supervision and inspection personnel and their responsibilities; frequency, content, and checklist of supervision and inspection; rectification responsibilities and closed-loop rectification management process.

[0122] Regarding equipment and facility configuration and management, regulations and standards are set for the equipment and facility requirements of different types of cranes used in lifting operations.

[0123] Based on the analysis of critical factors in complex networks and the risk factors of equipment quality problems and protective device failures in the ISM model for pre-operation preparation, comprehensive requirements for crane quality are established in the safety management and control scheme and standards for lifting operations. These requirements stipulate that the overall, structural, mechanical, electrical, and safety design of the cranes used should meet the requirements of relevant standards, and that the strength of the hook, wire rope, drum, and pulleys should meet the requirements of lifting operations. Regarding equipment protective devices, the requirements stipulate that cranes should be equipped with torque limiters, lifting capacity indicators, lifting height limiters, descent limit position limiters, amplitude indicators, levels, anti-boom tilting devices, wind speed and wind level alarms, interlocking protection devices, outrigger retraction locking devices, slewing positioning devices, and overhead horns, etc., and should be inspected and maintained promptly during use to ensure normal working performance.

[0124] Regarding the selection requirements for cranes, the regulations stipulate that: cranes should have product qualification certificates that comply with national regulations, be registered with the government department in charge of special equipment safety supervision and management as required, and the environmental conditions in which the cranes are used should meet the requirements of the equipment technical documents.

[0125] Regarding the on-site inspection requirements for cranes, the failure to inspect the equipment condition before operation is a significant management factor in the ISM model for pre-operation preparation. Therefore, this chapter establishes relevant control methods and standards to address this risk factor of failure to inspect the equipment condition before operation, requiring the establishment of a pre-operation supervision and inspection mechanism, inspections conducted according to the requirements of this chapter, and ensuring the proper quality of the equipment used. Furthermore, it stipulates that crane equipment certificates must be complete and the equipment must be within its effective operating range before operation. The chapter also specifies parameters such as the crane's rated lifting capacity (t), rated lifting torque (t·m), lifting speed (m / min), maximum lifting height (m), minimum and maximum working radius (m), overall design weight (t), overall power (kW), and overall working class.

[0126] Regarding the safety technical requirements for lifting and hoisting operations, the safety management and control plan and standards for lifting operations stipulate safety management and control measures for personnel such as operators, signalmen, and slingers; at the same time, corresponding specifications have been formulated for the safety technical requirements for the use of various types of cranes.

[0127] In response to the risk factor of lingering in hazardous areas in the ISM model of critical factors analysis of complex networks and pre-operation preparation, the technical requirements for operational safety stipulate that "no one is allowed to stay, work or pass under the crane boom and heavy objects," thereby implementing safety control over the behavior of all personnel involved in the operation.

[0128] Regarding the safety management plan for operators, it is stipulated that: operators should be qualified to formulate work plans, handle fixed loads and mobile cranes, and their age, skills, and safety knowledge should meet the requirements for operators.

[0129] Regarding the safety management plan for command personnel, the following regulations are stipulated: During lifting operations, the lifting commander should stand in a position that allows direct command of all work positions, and must ensure his own operational safety, ensuring that the crane operator and slinger can clearly see the command signals; when the operator or commander cannot clearly see the other party or the load, an intermediate commander should be assigned to relay the signal level by level; for long-distance command, necessary communication tools should be provided. When using walkie-talkies to command operations, the walkie-talkies should be checked to ensure they are working properly and have sufficient power before operations begin, and voice signals should be transmitted continuously. If the signal is interrupted, the operation should be stopped immediately, and operations can only resume when the signal is normal.

[0130] The safety management plan for slingers stipulates that: slingers should select appropriate lifting tools and equipment according to the corresponding load positioning work plan; the selection of lifting points, slings, and lifting rings should meet the plan requirements; before lifting, slingers should carefully inspect the wire rope (if present), paying particular attention to broken wires, surface wear, excessive stretching, tension imbalance, diameter changes, bending, local cracking, knots or twists due to improper rope arrangement, and surface corrosion. Components related to the wire rope, including pulleys (including counterweight pulleys such as sheaves), wire rope end connectors, anti-slack rope devices, rope winding devices, counterweights, and their guide rails, should also be inspected; before formal lifting, slingers should conduct trial lifts to ensure that the weight of the load, center of gravity, and lifting tool strength meet the lifting requirements, ensuring the safety of the mobile crane's operation.

[0131] Regarding the safety technical requirements for lifting operations, the regulations stipulate that: during the lifting process of a crane, care should be taken not to suddenly accelerate or decelerate when lifting a load; the load and wire rope should not scrape or collide with any obstacles; and for cranes without reverse braking performance, braking should not be performed by turning the crane back except in special emergency situations.

[0132] Regarding on-site operations, safety management plans and standards have been formulated for lifting operations, covering aspects such as pre-operation preparation, operation and supervision, and operation completion.

[0133] Regarding safety management methods for pre-operation preparations, the regulations stipulate that: obvious safety warning signs should be set up within the crane's operating range; safety protection should be implemented in concentrated work areas; and before lifting and hoisting operations, the mental state and professional skills of the operators should be assessed to ensure they meet the work requirements.

[0134] To address the risk factor of personnel violating operating procedures, the safety management methods for operation and supervision stipulate that: A dedicated supervisor must be present on-site for lifting and hoisting operations. The supervisor must remain on-site at all times and must not engage in work unrelated to supervision. The supervisor is responsible for effective supervision and inspection. Regarding the safety management methods upon completion of the operation, slings and lifting equipment must be retrieved and placed in designated locations, and then inspected, maintained, and serviced. The relieving personnel must be informed of any abnormalities in the equipment and any outstanding faults. Any problems encountered throughout the operation process must be communicated and documented promptly.

[0135] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-risk operation safety management and control method based on complex network and ISM model, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Divide the high-risk operation process into operation steps and identify the risk factors involved in each operation step; The division according to work procedures is based on the changes in the work time and spatial location of the high-risk work, dividing the entire high-risk work process into several different work procedures; the risk factors include at least: personnel factors, equipment factors, environmental factors, and production operation management factors; Based on the relationship between the work procedures and the risk factors, for the safety management and control process of high-risk operations, the connections between the complex network nodes of the work procedures are determined, i.e., the edges of the network. Based on the complex network of the work process, the degree of the risk element is determined, namely the out-degree, in-degree, and total degree of the element; the degree refers to the number of connections between a certain risk element and other risk elements. The more connections a risk element has with other risk elements, the more important the risk element is. The total degree is the sum of the out-degree and in-degree. Based on the complex network of the operation process, a clustering coefficient O of the risk elements of high-risk operation is calculated i The clustering coefficient represents the degree of influence of one risk element on other risk elements. The greater the clustering coefficient of a risk element in the operation process, the more critical the risk element is. The calculation method is as follows: In the formula, d i represents the degree of the node i, and E i is the actual edge number of the node i. Based on the operation process complex network, the average shortest distance between any two nodes i and j is calculated; the average shortest distance refers to the number of edges that the node i needs to pass to reach the node j; in actual calculation, the shorter the average distance of two nodes, the closer the contact between different processes and elements of the high-risk operation, and the greater the risk; the calculation formula of the average shortest distance is as follows: In the formula, S ij represents the distance between the node i and the node j, and n represents the total number of nodes in the network; Based on the operation process complex network, the intermediary centrality of different risk factors is calculated; the intermediary centrality is used for evaluating the importance of different operation processes and risk factors of the high-risk operation, and the calculation method is as follows: In the formula, represents the number of shortest paths of a→b through the node i, represents the number of shortest paths of a→b, and a and b are other nodes not equal to i; Step S2: Use complex networks to analyze the risk factors and determine the key risk factors in the work process; Based on the degree, average shortest distance, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality index of the complex network, the key risk factors involved in the high-risk operation process are determined. When a risk element meets a preset threshold, the risk element is determined to be a critical risk element; the threshold includes: total degree of complex network ≥ 2 and betweenness centrality > 0; The process for determining the key risk factors of the aforementioned work procedures specifically includes: Based on the work procedures and risk factors determined in step S1, establish the nodes of the complex network of the work procedures; The personnel elements include psychological and physiological health status, skill level, operational performance, past behavior, and emergency response capabilities; the equipment elements include equipment suitability for the job and equipment and facility quality; the environmental elements include physical environment, spatial environment, and safety protection; and the production operation management elements include safety training, safety technical briefings, and safety management aspects. Step S3: Use the ISM model to hierarchically classify the key risk elements and clarify the hierarchical relationship between the key risk elements; The key risk elements include at least three levels: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3; The first level is the highest critical risk element level. The critical risk elements of the first level are determined according to R(ri)=R(ri)∩Q(ri), where ri is a risk element, R(ri) is a risk element that can be concentrated, and Q(ri) is a risk element that is concentrated in advance. Remove the first-level risk elements from the reachability matrix, find the highest critical risk element level in the new matrix in the same way and determine it as the second level, and repeat the process to obtain the third level; By analyzing the reachability matrix and adjacency matrix, the risk elements are hierarchically divided, and the hierarchical relationships between the risk elements are clarified. The key risk factors are hierarchically classified using the ISM model, and the specific calculation process includes: Construct the adjacency matrix A based on the direct influence relationships between nodes. In adjacency matrix A, an element "1" indicates the existence of a directed edge connecting the nodes, while an element "0" indicates that the nodes do not influence each other. The adjacency matrix A can be defined as follows: After determining the reachability matrix and the adjacency matrix, the reachability matrix M is calculated using the rules of Boolean algebra. The equation of the reachability matrix M is as follows: M = (A + I) r+1 = (A + I) r ≠ (A + I) r-1 In the formula, I represents the identity matrix, and r represents the order of the matrix that satisfies the equation; The key risk elements are divided into levels, and the hierarchical structure of the nodes is divided according to the reachable set R, the antecedent set Q, and the intersection A of the nodes; the intersection represents the overlapping set between the reachable set and the antecedent set. Step S4: Based on the analysis results of the complex network of the work process and the ISM model, formulate the safety management and control plan and standards for the high-risk operation; The safety control plan and standards for high-risk operations are formulated from three perspectives: operation planning, production factors, and operation process. They include four aspects: operation management, equipment and facility configuration and management, operation safety technical requirements, and operation process control. The aforementioned operation management refers to the development of control procedures and content requirements for high-risk operations during the planning stage, covering aspects such as hazard identification and risk assessment, operation approval, supervision and inspection, operation classification, and emergency management. The equipment and facility configuration and management refers to the technical requirements and control regulations for the equipment and facilities used in the high-risk operations, in terms of equipment quality, protective equipment, fire-fighting equipment, and on-site inspection. The aforementioned operational safety technical requirements refer to the safety requirements for on-site workers' work behavior and the corresponding technical requirements for the safe operation and use of the equipment and facilities used. The aforementioned work process control refers to the establishment of safety control plans and standards for the entire process of the high-risk operation, from pre-operation preparation, operation and supervision, to operation termination.

2. A high-risk operation safety management and control system based on complex network and ISM model, for performing the method of claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes: a work process division module, a complex network analysis module, and an ISM model hierarchy division module, with each module connected sequentially. The work process division module is used to divide high-risk work processes according to work processes and to clarify the risk factors involved in each work process. The complex network analysis module is used to analyze the risk factors using complex networks to determine the key risk factors in the work process; The ISM model hierarchy module is used to hierarchically divide the key risk elements using the ISM model and clarify the hierarchical relationship between the key risk elements. The system also includes a high-risk operation safety management and control scheme and standard development module. The operation safety management and control method development module is connected to the complex network analysis module and the ISM model hierarchical division module respectively. Based on the results of the complex network analysis and the results of the ISM model hierarchical division, the importance of risk factors is determined, and corresponding safety management and control schemes and standards for the entire process and all elements of the high-risk operation are formulated accordingly.

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