A processing technology for a metal ceramic vertical molding groove cutter

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of tool processing, and particularly relates to a processing technology for metal ceramic vertical installation forming groove tool. The processing technology comprises the following steps: step 1: processing a blank into a tool finish with a positioning bevel; step 2: processing a reference plane on the end face of the tool finish at the chip rolling groove, the included angle between the reference plane and the end face is the angle of the tool clearance angle; step 3: processing a tool tooth with a clearance angle and a side clearance angle at the reference plane of the tool finish, and detecting the tooth profile data of the tool tooth, the tooth profile data includes tooth width, tooth depth and angle, the detection of the tooth profile data adopts a projection comparison detection method, a standard tooth profile is fixed on a projection surface, and the tool tooth to be detected is enlarged through projection, if the tool tooth data is correct, the tool tooth data is coincident with the standard tooth profile; and step 4: processing the tool chip rolling groove, and performing passivation and coating treatment on the blade edge. Through the implementation of the present application, the processing and detection efficiency of the forming groove tool is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool processing, and more specifically to a processing technology for a metal-ceramic vertical forming groove tool. Background Technology

[0002] In modern machinery manufacturing, bearings are a core component, and their performance directly affects the operating efficiency and reliability of mechanical equipment. The machining quality of the bearing rings is a key factor determining the overall performance of the bearing, especially the machining of the retaining groove, which directly impacts the bearing's assembly accuracy and operational stability. Therefore, extremely high requirements are placed on the performance of the cutting tools used to machine the retaining groove (such as the precision and surface finish of the machined groove, tool life, cutting smoothness, and the ability to achieve one-time forming of the N-groove and outer diameter chamfer). Consequently, domestic bearing manufacturers use imported forming groove cutting tools to ensure product precision and tool performance. However, imported forming groove cutting tools have two main problems: firstly, they are expensive; secondly, they require original machine tools for operation, meaning that when machine tool components malfunction, replacement parts must be imported, resulting in higher additional costs.

[0003] To address this, the applicant developed a domestically produced forming groove tool that meets stringent precision requirements and boasts a long service life. However, this tool features numerous complex angles, including positioning bevels, back angles, side back angles, and direction angles. Therefore, maintaining consistent precision during batch processing is difficult, and single-piece machining would result in extremely low production efficiency. Furthermore, inspection efficiency is extremely low, requiring individual checks of every angle, dimension, and curvature. The inspection time for each forming groove tool is 5-6 minutes, leading to excessively low machining and inspection efficiency and consequently, high production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a processing technology for metal-ceramic vertical forming groove cutters, so as to improve the processing and inspection efficiency of forming groove cutters.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a processing technology for a metal-ceramic vertical forming groove cutter, characterized by comprising the following steps;

[0006] Step 1: Machin the blank into a tool blank with a positioning bevel;

[0007] Step 2: Machin a reference plane on the end face of the tool blank located at the chip groove. The angle between the reference plane and the end face is the tool clearance angle.

[0008] Step 3: Machining cutter teeth with clearance angle and side clearance angle on the reference plane of the tool blank, and inspecting the tooth profile data, including tooth width, tooth depth and angle. The tooth profile data is inspected by projection comparison inspection method. The standard tooth profile is fixed on the projection plane, and the cutter teeth to be inspected are magnified by projection. If they coincide with the standard tooth profile, the cutter tooth data is correct.

[0009] Step 4: After verifying that all parameters of the cutting teeth are correct, machine the chip groove of the cutting tool;

[0010] Step 5: Edge treatment, which involves passivating and coating the cutting edge.

[0011] The principles and advantages of this solution are:

[0012] The applicant has independently developed a metal-ceramic vertical forming groove cutter for machining retaining grooves on bearing rings. The successful development of this forming groove cutter breaks the long-standing reliance on imports, significantly enhancing the core competitiveness of my country's bearing manufacturing industry. The machining method used in the initial production process was as follows: the rough blank was machined into a finish blank, and a chip-forming groove was machined at the end of the finish blank. Then, cutting teeth were ground onto the chip-forming groove, and finally, the key parameters of the entire tool were tested. However, production revealed extremely low efficiency, and capacity remained consistently low. The main issues identified were: 1. Low processing efficiency: Due to the presence of locating bevels and back angles on the cutting tools, and the straight-line entry and exit of the grinding tools, single-piece processing was necessary to ensure accuracy. 2. Low inspection efficiency: The numerous compound angles and varying tooth profiles of the forming tools necessitated individual line inspection, resulting in at least 5-6 minutes of inspection time per tool, leading to high costs. 3. High inspection difficulty: The forming tooth profile inspection was conducted on a curved surface (chip groove), making it extremely difficult and requiring experienced inspectors.

[0013] To address the aforementioned issues, the applicant, through continuous research, analysis, and adjustments, discovered that the accuracy error of the tool tooth profile has a 1:1 impact ratio on the overall tool accuracy error. Therefore, ensuring tooth profile accuracy is crucial. To this end, the applicant adopted a reverse design approach for the development of this precision forming grooving tool: introducing a reference plane and utilizing a "three-dimensional backfilling" method.

[0014] The purpose of introducing a reference plane is to machine a reference plane on the end face of the tool blank before machining the tool teeth, transforming the originally irregular end face into a plane, which facilitates subsequent machining and inspection. At the same time, the angle between the reference plane and the end face is the angle of the tool's clearance angle. Therefore, when machining the tool teeth, we only need to place the reference plane of the tool blank horizontally and grind the tool teeth directly without considering the clearance angle. The principle is that the reference plane is at a 90° right angle to the clearance face to be ground, that is, the clearance face ground in this state is perpendicular. Therefore, there is no need to worry about the clearance angle, which greatly reduces the machining difficulty and ensures the machining accuracy of the tool. For this reason, we can perform batch grinding of multiple tools when machining this clearance face, which greatly improves the machining efficiency while ensuring machining accuracy.

[0015] "Three-dimensional backfilling" refers to the process of machining cutting teeth on the blank after finishing the blank, and then inspecting the cutting teeth. Compared with the previous inspection method, this method is equivalent to introducing a "filling platform" into the chip groove to fill the chip groove and combine it with the reference plane, thus transforming the inspection state of the tool from the original curved surface to the plane. At this time, the tooth profile has no height difference and the angle is uniform, which makes it easier to inspect and verify accurately. Therefore, we no longer need to use the traditional single-point inspection method, but adopt the projection comparison inspection method: the standard tooth profile is fixed on the projection plane, and then the cutting teeth of the tool to be inspected are magnified through the projection. If they coincide with the standard tooth profile, the cutting tooth data is correct. In this way, the tooth width, tooth depth, chamfer, tilt angle and other data of the cutting teeth can be judged very intuitively at one time, which is simple and fast, and also greatly reduces the skill requirements of the inspection personnel. At the same time, using this method, multiple tools can be inspected in batches at one time, so the average inspection time for each tool is about 20 seconds.

[0016] In addition to its high inspection efficiency, this feature allows for timely cessation of further processing when tooth profile defects are detected. Compared to the traditional method of completing all machining operations before inspection, this approach helps to prevent losses and avoid wasting subsequent processing resources.

[0017] In summary, this solution significantly improves both processing and testing efficiency, increasing overall production efficiency by at least seven times. Simultaneously, this method greatly reduces the difficulty of testing, making it suitable for ordinary testing personnel, while maintaining high testing accuracy.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the tool blank is an equilateral triangle.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, in step 3, when machining the tooth profile, a 60° grinding fixture is used to rotate the tool blank clockwise by a back angle and fix it on the grinding fixture.

[0020] Because the tool teeth have a certain clearance angle along their entire circumference, they are particularly difficult to machine during grinding. Not only must the tooth profile be accurate, but the clearance angle must also be precise, significantly increasing the difficulty of machining and easily leading to defective products. Therefore, the above-mentioned design ensures that the flank face of the rotated tool is perpendicular, eliminating the need to consider the clearance angle when grinding this tooth profile, thus greatly reducing the difficulty of grinding.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, in step 3, multiple tool blanks are machined simultaneously when machining the flank face of the cutting teeth.

[0022] Preferably, as an improvement, in step 3, when inspecting the tooth profile, a 60° gauge is used, and the tool is rotated clockwise by a rear angle and fixed on the gauge.

[0023] Preferably, as an improvement, the tooth profiles of multiple tool blanks are inspected simultaneously during tooth profile inspection.

[0024] Preferably, as an improvement, the inspection tool includes an inspection tool body, on which a receiving groove for accommodating a cutting tool is provided. The receiving groove is equilateral triangular, and the receiving groove deflects the back angle of the cutting tool clockwise along the inspection tool body. The side wall of the inspection tool body is provided with a detection notch for the cutting tool teeth to extend out.

[0025] Preferably, as an improvement, the inspection fixture body has a calibration element on the side below the inspection notch, and the calibration element and the back face of the tool are located on the same plane.

[0026] Preferably, as an improvement, in step 4, when machining the chip groove, a chip groove grinding fixture is used, including a fixture body. The fixture body is provided with a machining groove for mounting multiple cutting tools. The cross-section of the machining groove is an equilateral triangle, and the longitudinal section of the machining groove is a parallelogram with the inclination angle of the parallelogram being the angle of the tool direction. The groove opening is also a parallelogram with the inclination angle of the parallelogram being the angle of the tool cutting edge inclination. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tool blank of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting tool of the present invention with cutting teeth.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the forming tool of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The left view.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a front view during tool inspection.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a 3D view of the tool during inspection. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation methods:

[0034] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Cutting tooth; 2. Chip groove; 3. Side and rear cutting face; 4. Rounded cutting face; 5. Groove edge cutting face; 6. Positioning flat edge; 7. Positioning bevel; 8. Direction edge; 9. Reference plane; 10. Inspection tool; 11. Receiving groove; 12. Alignment part; α. Front angle; β. Direction angle; γ. Side and rear angle; δ.

[0035] A metal-ceramic vertical forming groove cutter, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, it includes a triangular grooving cutter body with an overall thickness of 4mm-5mm. The three end faces of the grooving cutter body are each composed of a positioning flat edge 6 and a positioning inclined edge 7, with the inclined angle of the positioning inclined edge 7 being 5°. The grooving cutter body has a tip at each of its three ends. The tip includes a tooth 1 and a chip-collecting groove 2 that communicates with the front face of the tooth 1. The tooth 1 is "n" shaped. There are side rear faces 3 on both sides of the back face of the tooth 1. There is a rounded face 4 between the side rear face 3 and the back face. There is a groove edge face 5 between the side rear face 3 and the grooving cutter body. The tip height h2 of the tooth 1 is 0.2 mm. The rake angle of the tooth 1 is 14°-19°, the clearance angle is 5°-7°, the cutting edge inclination angle is 3°-8°, and the side clearance angle is 1.5°-4°. The groove edge of the chip-collecting groove 2 away from the tooth 1 is a direction edge 8. The direction angle of the direction edge 8 is 5°-12°. The distance h1 between the midpoint of the cutting edge and the direction edge 8 is 7 mm-8 mm.

[0036] A machining process for a vertical forming groove cutter for metal ceramics includes the following steps;

[0037] Step 1: Machin the blank into an equilateral triangular tool blank with a positioning bevel 7;

[0038] Step 2: Machining reference planes 9 on the end face of the tool blank located at the chip groove 2, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the angle between the reference plane 9 and the end face is the angle of the tool back angle; the reference plane 9 is ground in batches.

[0039] Step 3: Machining tooth 1 with a clearance angle and a side clearance angle at the reference plane 9 of the tool blank, such as... Figure 2As shown. When machining the tooth profile, a 60° grinding fixture is used. This fixture includes a fixture body with a clamping groove on the fixture body for accommodating multiple tool blanks. The clamping groove is equilateral triangular and is rotated clockwise by a clearance angle along the grinding fixture. The side wall of the grinding fixture has a grinding notch for the tool teeth 1 to extend from. When multiple tool blanks are arranged in the clamping groove, due to the above configuration, the reference plane 9 of the tool blank is horizontal. In this state, the back face to be ground is vertical (i.e., 0° angle), so there is no need to consider the clearance angle, greatly reducing the machining difficulty. Thus, the grinding wheel can proceed straight along its normal path to complete the back face machining of multiple tool blanks in batches.

[0040] After the back face is batch machined, the side clearance angles of each tooth 1 are machined one by one.

[0041] After the cutting tooth 1 is machined, its tooth profile data is inspected, including tooth width, tooth depth, and angle. For example... Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a 60° gauge 10 is used for testing. The gauge 10 includes a gauge 10 body and a receiving groove 11 for accommodating the tool blank. The receiving groove 11 is equilateral triangle and is rotated clockwise by a rear angle along the gauge 10 body. The side wall of the gauge 10 body is provided with a testing notch for the tool teeth 1 to extend out.

[0042] Inspection method: The tooth profile data is inspected using a projection comparison inspection method. The standard tooth profile is fixed on the projection surface (fixation methods include drawing, mechanical fixing, etc.). Then, multiple tool blanks are fixed on the receiving groove 11. Since the receiving groove 11 has been rotated clockwise by a rear angle during the design (e.g., Figure 5 The state after rotation. Figure 5 The back angle marked in the figure refers to the angle of a back angle. Therefore, at this time, the reference plane 9 of the tool blank is horizontal and the back face is vertical. Then, adjust the standard tooth profile, the tooth profile to be tested and the position of the light source so that they are on the same vertical line. Then, magnify the tool tooth 1 to be tested through projection and observe whether the projection coincides with the standard tooth profile. If they coincide, the data of tooth 1 is correct.

[0043] During inspection, a reference plane 9 is designed on the tool blank, making the reference plane 9 perpendicular to the flank face at 90°. Combined with the applicant's improved inspection fixture 10, the flank face is in a vertical state. At this time, the tooth profile to be tested is a regular shape, which makes it easier to inspect.

[0044] Furthermore, a benchmark 12 is vertically provided on the side of the gauge 10 body located below the detection notch. When the tool blank is placed into the receiving groove 11, the outer surface of the benchmark 12 is on the same plane as the back face of the standard tool. In this way, when there is an error in the back angle, it can be determined not only by the projection comparison detection method, but also by observing whether the back face coincides with the benchmark 12.

[0045] Step 4: After verifying that all parameters of the cutting tooth 1 are correct, proceed with the machining as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 The chip groove 2 shown is produced by mounting multiple tool blanks on a grinding fixture and grinding them using a CNC tool grinder. Before the actual grinding, one blank is ground first, and after adjustment to the required dimensions and verification, the chip groove 2 is then ground in batches. When machining the chip groove 2, the error range of the tip height of the cutting teeth 1 is controlled within ±0.01mm to ±0.05mm to accurately obtain the tooth profile of the finished tool. If the error exceeds this range, it will significantly affect other angle parameters of the tool.

[0046] Because this cutting tool has an orientation angle and a cutting edge inclination angle, only one tool at a time can be machined individually to ensure the accuracy of the orientation angle and cutting edge inclination angle when grinding the chip groove 2. In this embodiment, a chip groove 2 grinding fixture independently developed by the applicant is used when machining the chip groove 2. The fixture includes a fixture body with a machining groove for mounting multiple cutting tools. The cross-section of the machining groove is an equilateral triangle with the same shape as the tool blank. The longitudinal section of the machining groove is a parallelogram with the inclination angle of the parallelogram being the angle of the tool orientation angle. The groove opening is also a parallelogram with the inclination angle of the parallelogram being the angle of the cutting edge inclination angle. With the above settings, when machining the chip groove 2, multiple cutting tools are arranged and placed in the machining groove, with the tool surface to be ground protruding above the groove opening. At this time, the orientation edges 8 of the multiple cutting tools are on the same straight line and in a horizontal state, and the cutting edges of the multiple cutting tools are on the same straight line and in a horizontal state. Therefore, the grinding wheel can process the chip groove 2 in batches.

[0047] Furthermore, since the reference plane 9 processed in step 2 is located at the chip groove 2, the chip groove 2 is ground out at the reference plane 9, and the reference plane 9 disappears automatically.

[0048] Step 5: Edge treatment, which involves passivating and coating the cutting edge to achieve the desired result. Figure 3The forming tool shown has an edge dulling value of 0.03~0.08. Since the cutting edge is the key part that first cuts into the workpiece during machining, its reliability and stability are crucial. To ensure the stability of the cutting edge of this patented tool, based on the aforementioned features (mainly metal-ceramic cutting teeth with a rake angle of 14°~19°), the cutting edge is dulled within a range of 0.03~0.08. This dulling value, combined with the metal-ceramic material and cutting teeth with a rake angle of 14°~19°, greatly improves the impact resistance of the cutting edge while ensuring its sharpness. A high-temperature resistant or wear-resistant coating is then applied to the cutting edge through a physical or chemical coating to enhance the tool's performance.

[0049] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A processing method for a vertical forming groove cutter for metal-ceramic composites, characterized in that: Includes the following steps; Step 1: Machin the blank into an equilateral triangular tool blank with a positioning bevel; Step 2: Machin a reference plane on the end face of the tool blank located at the chip groove. The angle between the reference plane and the end face is the tool clearance angle. Step 3: Machining cutting teeth with clearance angles and side clearance angles on the reference plane of the tool blank, and inspecting the tooth profile data, including tooth width, tooth depth, and angles. The tooth profile data is inspected using a projection comparison inspection method. The standard tooth profile is fixed on the projection plane, and the cutting teeth of the tool to be inspected are magnified through the projection. If they coincide with the standard tooth profile, the cutting tooth data is correct. When inspecting the tooth profile, a 60° gauge is used. The tool is rotated clockwise by one clearance angle and fixed on the gauge. Step 4: After verifying that all parameters of the cutting teeth are correct, process the chip groove of the cutting tool. When processing the chip groove, a chip groove grinding fixture is used, including the fixture body. The fixture body has a processing groove for mounting multiple cutting tools. The cross-section of the processing groove is an equilateral triangle, and the longitudinal section of the processing groove is a parallelogram with the inclination angle of the parallelogram being the angle of the cutting tool direction. The groove opening is also a parallelogram with the inclination angle of the parallelogram being the angle of the cutting edge inclination. Step 5: Edge treatment, which involves passivating and coating the cutting edge.

2. The processing technology for a vertical forming groove cutter for metal-ceramic products according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, when machining the tooth profile, a 60° grinding fixture is used to rotate the tool blank clockwise by a back angle and fix it on the grinding fixture.

3. The processing technology for a vertical forming groove cutter for metal-ceramic products according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, multiple tool blanks are machined simultaneously when machining the flank face of the cutting teeth.

4. The processing technology for a vertical forming groove cutter for metal-ceramic products according to claim 3, characterized in that: When inspecting the tooth profile, the tooth profiles of multiple tool blanks are inspected simultaneously.

5. The processing technology for a vertical forming groove cutter for metal-ceramic products according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inspection tool includes an inspection tool body, on which a receiving groove for accommodating a cutting tool is provided. The receiving groove is equilateral triangular and deflects the back angle of the cutting tool clockwise along the inspection tool body. The side wall of the inspection tool body is provided with a detection notch for the cutting tool teeth to extend out.

6. The processing technology for a metal-ceramic vertical forming groove cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inspection fixture body has a calibration piece on its side below the inspection notch, and the calibration piece and the back face of the cutting tool are on the same plane.

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